ICSE SEMESTERR II

LESSON: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

SNO PARTS FUNCTION LOCATION

1 Blood Transport food, oxygen, CO2 hormones Found in heart and blood vessels
,excretory material etc.
2 Plasma Transport food, oxygen, CO2 hormones Fluid part found in blood
,excretory material etc.
3 Cellular elements Transport oxygen to the body cell Origin in Red bone marrow
RBC or
Erythrocytes
WBC or Protection of body against infection and Origin in bone marrow,Lymph
Leucocytes producing antibodies glands and Spleen
Blood platelets or
Thrombocytes Origin in large bone marrow cells or
Clotting of blood Megakaroccytes in bone marrow
4 Granulocytes Phagocytosis(Engulfing microbes) Found in WBC cell

Neutrophil Phagocytosis(Engulfing microbes)

Eosinophil Resist infection cause allergic reactions

Produce histamine& heparin, etc.
Basophil

5 A granulocytes Produce antibody

Found in WBC
Lymphocytes Produce antibody ,Immune response of the
body
Monocytes Phagocytosis
6 Fibrinogen and Helps in clotting of blood Natural anti-coagulant produced in
Prothrombin the liver
7 Artery Carried blood away from heart Small blood vessels found in tissues
or organs
8 Veins Carried blood towards the heart Small blood vessels found in tissues
or organs
9 Capillaries To allow inward and outward diffusion of Microscopic blood vessels found
glucose, amino acid, urea, etc. abundant in the tissues or organs
10 Heart Circulation of blood Located between the lungs in the
thoracic cavity
11 Pericardium It protect heart from mechanical injury Doubled layered membrane
enclosed by heart
12 Auricles Receiving blood from body to heart Upper part of the heart
13 Ventricles Discharging blood to the entire body Lower part of the heart
14 Bicuspid valves (or) Prevent the back flow of blood Located between the opening of left
mitral valve from left ventricle to left auricle auricle and left ventricle
15 Tricuspid valves Prevent the back flow of blood Located between the opening of
from right ventricle to right auricle right auricle and right ventricle
16 Semi lunar valve Prevent the blood from flowing back into Located in the arteries leaving the
the heart or Prevent the back flow of blood heart
from the pulmonary artery and aorta in to
the heart
17 Chordae tendinae To keep the tricuspid & bicuspid valves in Right ventricle
position
18 Pacemaker (or) Originator of heart beat Located on the wall of right auricle
Sinu arterial above the opening of superior vena
node(SAN) cava
19 Superior vena cava To carry deoxygenated blood from the Located in the right auricle regions
Upper region of the body parts
20 Inferior vena cava To carry deoxygenated blood from the Located in the right auricle regions
Lower region of the body parts
21 Pulmonary artery To transport de oxygenated blood to the Arise from the right ventricle
lungs
22 Bundle of His Create an impulse and conduct to every part A bundle of muscle fibres begin
of body from AVN and extended to the inter
ventricular septum
23 AVN(Atria Fresh wave of Found near the atrio-ventricular
ventricular Node) contraction generated here septum near the tricuspid vale
24 Pulmonary vein Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to Arise from lungs and pours blood in
left auricle of heart to the left auricle region
25 Coronary artery Supplies oxygenated blood to the muscles Arise from the coronary sinus
of heart
26 Lymph It carries lymphocytes and antibodies from Found in lymph vessels and
the lymph node to the blood Or It transport lymphatic organ
fatty acid and glycerol
27 Tonsils Produced antibodies and lymphocytes They are located in posterior wall of
naso pharynx
28 Spleen It produces antibodies ,phagocytic cells and Located just above the stomach
destroys dead RBCs and blood platelets (or)
reservoir of blood
29 Antibody A protein molecules produced in an animal Gamma globulin protein present in
cell in response to a foreign substance blood plasma
30 Antigen Any foreign molecule that can triggers a Glycoprotein found in the surfaces
specific immune response in the body of the RBCs
31 Pericardium Protection of the heart Double wall layer surrounding the
heart
32 Pericardial fluid It reduces the friction between the heart Between the pericardium
walls and supporting issues
33 Hepatic portal vein Ablood vessel that carry deoxygenated Between alimentary canal and liver
blood to the liver from
intestine,speeln,pancrease&gallblader
BLOOD CLOTTING STEPS

1. Injured cells Expose to air blood platelets----Thromboplastin

2. Prothrombin ----------- Thrombokinase ----------Thrombin
(Active Protein ) (In Active Protein)
3. Fibrinogen------------------------------------ Fibrin
(In Soluable) (Soluable)
4. RBC+WBC+Fibrin--------------------------Blood clot
Cardiac Cycle-
One cardiac cycle --- 0.8 seconds
I.Auricular systole ventricle diastole-(Auricle contract, Ventricle relax) -0.15
seconds*Tricuspid valve and Bicuspid valve close *Semi lunar valve open

II.Auricular diastole ventricle systole-(Auricle relax, ventricle contract)-0.25

seconds:*Tricuspid valve and Bicuspid valve open *Semi lunar valve close

III.Joint diastole-(Auricle and ventricle relax)-0.4 seconds

 LESSON: EXCRETORY SYSTEM
SNO PARTS FUNCTION LOCATION
1 Kidney Excretion of waste material from the Located in the posterior abdominal wall on
body either side of the vertebral column
2 Ureter Transfer of urine from kidney to Between kidney and urinary bladder OrArise
urinary bladder from the kidneys at hilum
3 Urinary Temporary Storage of urine Located in the pelvic cavity of the abdomen
bladder
4 Urethra Passage for urine and sex cells Located from the neck of the urinary bladder
5 Liver Excretes substances like cholesterol, Located near the left side of the kidney as the
bile pigment, inactive steroid, right side of the abdominal cavity
hormones and few vitamins
6 Nephron Filtrate all waste material in the Located in the Kidney
oxygenated blood(or) Re absorption of
the useful product
7 Bowman’s Ultra filtration It forms the dilated blind end of the nephron
capsule of kidney
8 Glomerulus Filtration of blood Knot like blood capillaries arise from the
Bowman’s capsule
9 PCT Reabsorbed water,Glucose Highly coiled structure present in the
,amino acid and minerals like nephron
Na+,K+,Ca++
10 DCT Reabsorbed Na+ under the influence of Convoluted structure present in the cortex
hormone aldosterone. region of kidney
Reabsorbed water under the influence
of hormone ADH
11.Loop of Henle(or) U shaped loo[p formed in the middle of the
Henle’s Loop, Selective re absorption of water from nephron
Ascending Limp of glomerular filtrate
Henle’s
12 Afferent Brings oxygenated blood in to the It is formed by the branching of the renal
arteriole kidney artery
13 Efferent Carries deoxygenated blood from the It is formed by the fusing of glomerular
arteriole kidney capillaries
Composition of urine
1 Non-filterable components in RBC,WBC,Platelets,plasma protein
kidney
2 Filterable components in kidney Water,Glucose,Amino acid,Urea Uric acid,Pigments,Drugs
3 Non nitrogenous organic Vitamin C,Oxalic acid ,Phenolic substance
compound in urine
4 Inorganic compound in urine Ammonia,phosphate,sulphate,Nacl,Kcl,Cacl,Mgcl,H2SO 4
5 Organic substance in urine Urea, Uric acid,Creatinine
6 Inorganic substances in urine Ammonia,sodium ,potassium, magensium
 NERVOUS SYSTEM (Brain and spinal cord)
SNO PARTS FUNCTION LOCATION
1 Neuron (or)Nerve Conduct messages from brain and Present in the brain and spinal cord
spinal cord
2.Sensory nerves(or) Sensory Carry messages from sense organ to Arise from the sense organ
neuron(or)Afferent nerve brain and spinal cord
3.Motor nerves(or) Motor Carry messages away from the Arise from brain and spinal cord
neuron(or)Efferent neuron central nervous system towards the
effector organ such as muscles and
gland
4.Cyton (or)cell Conduct never impulses Located in the neuron
body(or)Perikaryon
5 Axon Conduct nerve impulses away from One large branches arise from the cell
the cell body body or cyton of neuron
6 Myelin sheath Provides insulation to he axon and Present in the middle layer of the
increase the speed of the impulses axon.
Or Conduction of nerve impulses
7 Dendrites Conduct nerve impulses towards Thread like branches arise from the
the cell body cell body or cyton of neuron
8 Cerebrum Mental activities, control of Located in the forebrain
voluntary muscles
9 Carpous callosum Helps in transfer of information Thick band of nerve fibres present in
from one hemisphere to another. between the two hemisphere of
cerebrum
10 Cerebellum Maientance of posture and Located in the dorsal region of the
equilibrium hind brain
11 Medulla oblongata Breathing control, Control of Located in the posterior part of the
visceral organ brain or located at the base of the
brain.
12 Cerebrospinal fluid Protection of brain and spinal cord Watery fluid fill the spaces between
against mechanical injury and meninges and also brain cavities.
shocks.
13 Synapse Allows information to pass from At the junction between two neuron
one neuron to another
14 Nissle granules or Synthesis n segregation of proteins Present in the cyton of neuron
neurofibrils
15 Neurotransmitter or Transmitted impulses from one Chemical substance present in the
Acetylcholine and nor- neuron to another neuron Synaptic bulb region
epinephrine
16 Meninges Protective the central nervous Protective covering membrane present
system in the brain and spinal cord
17 Diencephalon Reflex centres for muscular and Located in the fore brain
glandular activities
18 Mesencephalon or mid Act as a bridge and transmits Located in the mid region of the brain
brain signals from hind brain and fore and connect the anterior and posterior
brain region of the brain
19 Pons varoli Bridge of transverse nerve tract Located above the medulla oblongata
extending from the cerebrum to the n below the mid brain.
cerebellum It forms the parts of the brain stem at
the floor of hind brain
20 Spinal cord Conduct reflexes below the neck Ti arises from the medulla oblongata
and runs along the vertebral column
21 Hypothalamus Thermoregulation Situated at the floor of the brain
22 SNS Regulates voluntary activities in the Originate in the middle portion –
body thoracic and lumbar region of the
spinal cord
23 CNS Site of information processing in Originate in the brain and spinal cord
the nervous system
24 ANS To regulates involuntary activities Originated in the thoracic and the
lumber region of spinal cord
25 Dorsal horn Picks up sensation from various One of the grey longitudinal columns
parts. fond within the spinal cord
26 Ventral horn Picks up sensation from spinal cord One of the grey longitudinal columns
to muscle. fond within the spinal cord
27 Ganglia Carry nerve signals to and from the Ganglia are the cluster of nerve cells
CNS found in the body
28 Natural OR Conditioned 1. Blinking of eyes 2.closing of eyelids
reflexes 3. Breast feeding, 4. Food Swallowing,
5. Coughing, 6.Saliation, 7.Withdrawals of hands on touch hot,
8.Withdrawals of hands if suddenly pricked by a
thorn9.Sneezing10.Knee Jerk response 11.peristalytic movement to
allow movement of food.12.Wider opening of pupil in dim light.
29 Conditioned or Acquired 1. Playing a musical instrument2.Appling brakes to vehicles3.
reflexes Giving hand to a signal to your right side automatically when you
turn your cycle or car4.Typing key board of a computer.5.Tying
shoe laces 6.Staning up when teacher enter the class7.Surfying
channel while watching television.etc8.Pedelling driving vehicles
9.learning process like reading, writing
10. Tapping Keys of type writer.
SENSE ORGAN-EYE
SNO PARTS FUNCTION LOCATION
1 Eye Vision or sense of sight It lies in the sockets in the front of
the skull
2 Conjunctiva Cover the entire part of the eyeball Inner most lining of the eyelid
3 Tear glands Serves as the lubricant or cleans the Located at the upper sideward
(or)Lacrimal gland front surface of the eye ball portion of each eye lid
4 Tears Communicating emotion Watery fluid present in the tear
glands of eye
5 Sclera(or)White of the Protection Located in the outer layer of the
eye eyeball
6 Choroid Absorption of stray light rays Located in the middle layer of the
eyeball
7 Cornea Refraction of light Transparent layer present in the
outer eye
8 Lens Refraction and focussing of light Held in position by suspensory
ligaments
9 Retina Photoreceptors Located in the third inner layer of
the eyeball
10 Cones Responsible for colour vision Present in the retina region
11 Rods Responsible for black and white Present in the retina region
vision
12 Aqueous humour Keep the lens moist, Protection it It lies in between the lens and the
(or)Anterior cavity from physical shock cornea.
13 Vitreous Preventing the eyeball form It lies in between the lens and the
humour(or)Posterior collapsing. retina
cavity
14 Pupils Allow the light rays to enter eyeball Present in the centre of the Iris
15 Iris Regulation of entry of light It is the coloured part of choroid
around the pupil.
16 Yellow spot(or)Fovea Area of best vision Located in the centre at the back of
centralis (or)Macula the eye ball
lutea
17 Blind spot The area of no vision It is the region of retina just below
the yellow spot
18 Optic nerve Bringing sense of sight Position at the back of the eye
19 Eyebrows Protect the eyeball from foreign Accessory structure present in the
object arched eminences of skin above te
eyes.
20 Eyelids Protect the eye from excessive light Accessory structure present in the
and foreign particles upper portion of the eye
21 Sebaceous gland Secret lubricating fluid helps to Present at the base of the hair
keep the skin smooth and supple follicle
22 Eyelashes Act as strainers Thick hair present on the free
margin of eyelids
23 Ciliary body Secrete aqueous humour It is arising from the point just
behind the junction of the sclera
and cornea
24 Lens It helps to give a clear vision of near Ti is a transparent, biconvex
and distant object (or) Refract the crystalline body attaches it to the
light and converges it on the retina ciliary body
25 Ciliary muscle Help to change the focal length of Located in the Iris region
the lens
26 Suspensory ligament Help to hold the lens in position Located near the ciliary muscle
 SENCE ORGAN –EAR

SNO PARTS FUNCTION LOCATION

1 Ears Organs for senses of hearing and balance One on each side of the head
2 Pinna Collect and direct sound waves Located in the external ear
3 Auditory canal Collect and direct sound waves Located in the external ear
4 Ear wax To prevent the entry of dust particle in to Present in the auditory canal
the ear
5 Tympanic Collect and direct sound waves Located in the external ear
membrane(or) ear
drum
6 Earossicle FUNCTIONS;Amplifies sound waves
(Malleus,Incus,Stap Located in the external ear Malleus(or)Hammer-Located in-between the
es) eardrum and incus
Incus(or)Anvil-Located in between the malleus and stapes
Stapes (or)Stirrup-Located in between incus and oval window
7 Eustachian Helps in equalizing air pressure on the Located in the anterior wall of the
tube(or)Auditory both sides of the ear drum middle ear.
tube
8 Oval window Transmit vibration to cochlea Located in the external ear
9 Round Window Transmit vibration to cochlea Located in the external ear
10 Cochlea Conversion of sound waves in to nerve
impulse
11 Organ of Corti Organ of Hearing Located in the cochlea of inner ear
12 Semi-circular canals Dynamic balance Located in the inner ear
13 Utriculus and Static balance Small sac like structure present in
Sacculus the semi-circular canal of inner ear
14 Ampulla Helps in balance of the body while Located in the semi-circular canal
moving of the inner ear
15 Auditory nerve Sense of hearing Located in the organ of corti
region
16 Endolymph Present in the middle canal of
cochlea
17 Perilymph Present in the inner and outer
canal of cochlea
 ENDOCRINE GLANDS
GLANDS HORMONESECTERTED FUNCTION LOCACTION
Thyroid gland Thyroxine It stimulates the rate of cellular Located in the neck region
oxidation and basal just below the larynx in
metabolisms front of the trachea
Adrenal gland Adrenal cortex- Regulates the metabolism of
Glucocorticoids protein, fats and carbohydrates.
(Corticosteron,cortisone,cortis
ol) It control re-absorption of
sodium in kidney.
Mineralocorticoids Both these hormones together
(Aldosterone) control emotion, Present on the top of the
fear,anger,blood pressure, kidney.
Adrenal medulla-Adrenalin heart beat, respiration and
(Epinephrine)and nor- relaxation of smooth muscles
adrenalin(Nor Epinephrine)
Pancreas Beta cell-Insulin It regulates the conversion of
glucose to glycogen

It regulates the conversion of Compound gland located

Alpha cell-Glucagon glycogen and some non- posterior to the stomach
carbohydrates back to glucose
Pituitary gland HORMONESECTERTED FUNCTION LOCACTION

Anterior lobe-
Growth hormone(GH) (or) Control over all growth of the
Somatotropic body.
hormones(STH)---------- Controls the growth and
Adrenocorticotropic functioning of adrenal cortex
hormone(ACTH)-- Controls the growth and
functioning of the thyroid
Thyroid stimulating glands
hormone(TSH)---- In male-It stimulates the
process of spermatogenesis
In female-It stimulates the
Follicle stimulating follicle cells in the ovaries to
hormone(FSH) develop into mature eggs and
they produce oestrogen.
In male- It stimulates the It lies just below the
secretion of male sex hormone hypothalamus.
Posterior lobe- testosterone.
In female -It stimulates the
Luteinizing hormone(LH)------ secretion of female sex
------- hormones oestrogen and
progesterone.
Intermediate It enhances mammary gland
lobe Prolactin hormone(PRL)------- development and Milk
--------- production.
Contraction of muscles of the
Oxytocin---------------------------- uterus at the time of child
----------- birth.
Control reabsorption of water
Vasopressin or antidiuretic ---- in kidney.
----------hormone(ADH)
Melanocyte stimulating Stimulate to secrete melanin
hormone(MSH) pigment in skin.

GLANDS HORMONES HYPOSECRETION HYPERSECRTION

(UNDER SECRETION)
Thyroid gland Thyroxin Simple goitre-Swelling in the
neck
Cretinism-ChildrenMental
retardation ,Dwarfism
Myxoedema-Adult-Swelling
of face, lazinesss,Sluggishnees
Adrenal gland Glucocorticoids Addison’s disease-
Mineralocorticoid(Aldosterone)
Pancreas Insulin Diabetes mellitusor
Hyperglycaemia- –
Abnormally high glucose in
the blood
Pituitary gland Growth hormone or Dwarfism
somatotropin
(OVER SECRETION)
Exophthalmic goitre-
Rapid heartbeat, Protruded
Eyes
Cushing’s syndrome-High
blood pressure,Obesity
Hyper tension(High
blood pressure)
Insulin shock
orHypoglycaemia
Gigantism -Childhood
Acromegaly - Adult

SNO Hormone Function

1 Thyroxine
2 Adrenaline
3 Insulin
4 Glucagon
5 Somatotrophic hormone
6 Gonadotrophic hormones
7 Antidiuretic hormone
8 Vasopressin hormones
Regulate basal metabolism
Increase in heart beat
Maintains glucose level in the blood
Converting glycogen to glucose
Responsible for normal growth of the body
Regulate the functioning of male and female reproductive
organ
Maintaining electrolytic balance
Increased reabsorption of water in to kidney
 Some function and location of the part
SNO PARTS FUNCTION
1 Renal artery Supply oxygenated blood to
the kidney/Vessels have the
highest concentration of urea
long after meal
2 Renal vein Collection of deoxygenated
blood from the kidneys
3 Iliac artery Supply oxygenated blood to
hind limbs
4 Iliac vein Collect deoxygenated blood
from hind limbs
5 Aldosterone Na+ reabsorption
6 ADH or Water reabsorption
Vasopressin
7 Progesterone Control the length of
reproductive cycle and
maintain pregnancy.
8 Sphygmomanome Measurement of blood
ter pressure
9 Acetylcholine Transmitted impulse from one
neuron to another neuron
10 WHO To promotes and support
project for research on
diseases
To collect and supply
information about occurrence
of research
11 Red cross Promoting fundamental
principle and humanitarian
values
To help the victim of the
calamites
To provide first aid in any
accident.
PARTS LOCACTION
Renal pyramid Located in the medulla
of kidney
Grey matter Present outside cortex of
the brain and inside of
the spinal cord
White matter Present in side of the
brain and outside of the
spinal cord---- It contain
axon of the neuron
Grey matter Present outside of the
brain and inside of the
spinal cord.----It contain
cell bodies of neuron
Endolymph Fluid present in the
middle canal of inner
ear
Perilymph Fluid present in the
outer and inner canals of
inner ear
Cranial nerve Connect directly to the
brain
Spinal nerve Emerging from spinal
cord
Ganglia(or)Ganglion Aggregate of never cells
from which the nerve
fibres arise
Cranium It is covered brain
outside.
Lymph node Specific points of the
lymph vessel that are
enlargements like beads
of sting
12 IUD Stop embryo implantation x-linked gene Present on the portion of
the X-chromosome
13 Vaccine Prevention of diseases AVN(Artrioventricular Present on the wall
node) between the auricle and
ventricle
14 Systemic aorta Supplies oxygenated blood to SAN(Siniarterioal node) Located on the wall of
all body parts right auricle above the
opening of superior vena
cava
15 Autosome Responsible for physical Bundle of His Located in the AVN
character region
16 X-linked gene Inheritance of non-sexual Hilium A notch present inner
characteristic through sex concave side of the
chromosome kidney
17 Stethoscope The instrument which Nissls granules Located outside the
measure heart beat nucleus of cyton
18 potometer The instrument to measure Vestibule Bag like or sac like
transpiration structure present in the
inner ear
19 Nissls granules Site of protein synthesis in the Sympathetic Nervous Originated in the
neuron system thoracic and the lumber
region of spinal cord
20 Semen It nourishes and activates the Parasympathetic Nervous Originated in the cranial
sperm system region of the brain and
sacral region of the
spinal cord