TEST 23 4. The art of yodelling is another .

1ong-d1stance
form worth.. . ..... communication
A
Get the message? a. noticin bm . 0
. · entionin . 1
Your mobile phone vibrates in your pocket. 'Need to see you: reads the screen. II In the text, identify the meaning of th d c. creatm
corres ondin to the correct variant. e wor s. Circle the letter 2 points
Nothing new, considering that texting is currently the most common form of long-
1. The word 'conveyed' in the text me .
distance communication. But how were messages conveyed in the past? . d ans.
a. sym b o11ze /communicate b A
One of the first methods was the smoke signal. This practice was used by Chinese orma ke kn own
. generated c. meant 0
I
soldiers guarding the Great Wall to warn of the enemy's approach. The Greeks devised 2. The wo~d 'hollow' is closest in meanin to:
a whole alphabet of smoke signals for sending messages. But it was Native Americans a wide b 'd g A
· · voi c. complex 0
who made the system mobile by carrying small bunches of dried grasses around with I
III Briefly answer the questions below, choosing words d/ b
them. These could be lit quickly from any place at any time. from the text. an or num ers 4 points
Moving on to messages transmitted by sound, an early technique was the drum. 1. What is the smoke signal?
Drums are still used today in the rainforests of Africa, Papua New Guinea and Central A
0
and South America for broadcasting news. The instrument is made from a hollow log I
and this is hit with a stick. On receiving the message, each village passes it on to the
2. Why are drums still used today in the rainforests of Africa? A
next, which means that news can travel at up to 150 km an hour. 0
Another instrument traditionally used for long-distance communication is the 1
alphorn. These four-metre long wooden horns were common in most mountainous
3. What is Silbo? A
regions of Europe and their deep rich sound could be heard over 6 km away. Farmers 0
would use them to send messages across the valley as well as to call in their cows. 1

Today, the alphorn is a form of entertainment, and Switzerland alone has around 4,000
4. How is yodelling different from other long-distance A
players. In some parts of the world, humans are able to convey messages over long 0
, communication forms? 1
distances without using instruments. On La Gomera, one of the Canary Islands, people
use Silbo, or the 'whistling language' to communicate across the valleys. The language
involves the use of the tongue, lips and hands to make sounds, which can travel up to 5 IV Match the halves of the sentences. Write the answers in the table below. 4 points
km. To ensure its continuation, Silbo is currently a compulsory subject in primary and One is extra.
secondary schools on the island. a. could be quickly lit. A
1. The bunches carried around 0
A look at long-distance communication would not be complete without mentioning 2. It is worth mentioning the b. a part of the contemporary 1
civilization. 2
the art of yodelling. This is a form of singing, in which the voice changes pitch very long-distance communication 3
method of the c. art of yodelling. . 4
quickly, making it easily heard over long distances. It is believed that the technique was d. conveyed by using a vanety of
~f 3. There are thousands of players
developed in the Swiss Alps, but it is also found in other places such as Central Africa. methods.
4. The messages used to be
1 At one time, yodelling was popular in theatres and music halls, but this is no longer so. e. of the al horn toda .
3 4
2
No Items Score
I Circle the letter corresponding to the correct variant to complete the 4 points l Circle the letter correspon- 6 points
V Identify if the sentences are true or fia se. b quoting the text and
statements, according to the text. . 'fy the answer Y
1. It was the Greeks who .. ... . a smoke signal alphabet. A
- st
ding to the correct vanant. Ju i --_--,t---A:-1
0 write it in the lines below. in mountainous re ions. o
a. made up b. introduced c. devised 1. The al horn used to be uite common b. False 1
1
2. Silbo is a/an ...... subject in school on the island. 2
A a. True
a. objective 0
b. subjective
3.
c. compulsory
The '. •••• :••.'_language to communicate across the valleys.
1
A
-
a. whistling b. musical c. melodic 0
1

114 115
 . d . d an alphabet that showed long-
ldiers evise
2. \ The Chinese so . ti n through dried grasses.
A
0
----
distance commumca O
a. True
I' b. False ·' ' 1
2 -
rr ,lil

,_
0
1
,_ 0

'
-
,_
2
4
\ Silb d to be a mandator y subject in schools on the island. A
3. o use \ 0 ,,- 0
b. False
a. True 1
2
- 3
6
' - 0
2
VI Write the most important ideas in order they come in t~e text. Fill in 8 points 4
I the table with the letter correspon ding in the correct vanant (A, B .. . )
A. The smoking signal, or the messages transmitt :d by sound were and A 0
even still are forms oflong-di stance commum cation. 0 2
B. Toe art of changing the voice pitch very_ quickly, though _not as 2
4
- r, popular as today, is still considered an efficient way oflong-di stance 6 0
communication. 8 3
~ I
C. Messages have always been part of the communi c~tion proc~ss.
D. Instruments or sounds are still methods of conveying long-dista nce 0
communication. 1
-I 1 I 2 I3 I
4
2
3
-r I I I
VII What is the main idea of the text? Circle the letter correspon ding to 2 0
I
points
I~ the correct variant. 1
.

A. Long distance communic ation has been done in different ways

A 0
I~. \1

I
and we need to keep them in our modern lives.
B. Modern communication conveys messages
quickly and
effortlessly, however long-distance communi cation has always
0
2
'

1
2
3
,, taken place.

I
4
I
C. Though in the past, the first methods oflong-di stance communi - 5
'-- cation were much more efficient than the ones that are modern. 6
I

I
0
Written production. Write a 180-200 -word essay according to the given task.
1
Some people think that exams are a good way of assessing a student's level. Other 2
people believe that they put unnecessary pressure on young learners and tell us very 3
little about their actual ability. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 4
5
Consider the following: - 6

✓
-
Introdu~ti.on (state the three arguments you are to use to support 0
your opmion)
,_ 1
✓ B~d_y (giv_e three arguments pros and/or cons to express your point 2
✓ o view, ?ive two examples to support your argument s) 40p •'- 3
Conclusion (express your personal . . h . ,_
.__
4
. k
Use 1m ers (6-8) for coherence and cla ;... .opmion on t e subJect)
rh y.

116 117
 Written production. Write a 90-100 word article/letter according to the given task.
A school website has asked its readers to send in an article/letter about a film u TEST24
director from an English speaking country.
. The Mosquito
Exasperated with having large ga f
Consider the following:
night, a growing number of British s~~ teenagers outside their premises day and
0
✓ Title
✓ Introduction
have installed a Mosquito alarm, a sm pkeepers have taken extreme measures. They
(name/location) . all, square-shaped object which is no bigger than
✓ Body (description/im portance/impac t on the modern world) 30p a regul ar b urglar a l arm an d Just as . .
·t d . easy to mstall. Fitted to the exterior wall of a shop,
✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subject) the M osqut o pro uces an mcredibl 1· · • .
Y rntatmg high frequency noise that only people
Use linkers (4-6) for coherence and claritv. Younger than 25 can hear. To my m·m d, 1·t seems unfair .
to target youths in such a way,
0 but the device is proving a bestseller A uJ f · · • use · out · h
· s a res t o its mcreasmg hanging wit
1 frl.ends in front. of local newsagents s th · B · · h
, ome mg ntis teenagers used to enJOY ' · d omg,
·
has become, m many places, a thing of the past.
0
1 So far, over three thousand people have purchased the Mosquito, ranging from
homeowners driven crazy by teenagers listening to music in the street outside their

a
0
3 houses, to local councils anxious about how to prevent teenagers going close to railway
6 lines or electrical cables. It's most popular with shopkeepers, however. 'Hanging out
near my shop at weekends was all the kids around here ever did; complained Frank
0
2 Court, a newsagent from Bristol. 'Imagine how that affected my business. The elderly,
-' 4 in particular, felt terrified of walking past them. It all changed the moment I installed
the Mosquito. The kids put up with it for about twenty minutes or so, then wandered
I
0
I
2 into the shop and demanded to know what the noise was. In the end, they hated it so
4 much they went away and stayed away. I'm over the moon:
0 Natunµly, the use of Mosquitoes has split opinions. Some lawmakers consider it a
1 useful means of crime prevention, pointing out that petty crimes such as shoplifting
2 and vandalism have fallen on large housing estates where youths once congregated in
0 larg~ numbers. Others argue that the Mosquito is an illegal 'sonic weapon'. Nothing less
1 than the civil rights of young people are at stake, they say, and the ~uthorities should ~an
2
selling a product that so obviously discriminates against one section of the commumty.
3
4 Furth ermore, campaigners · h ave suggested that the Mosquito could be dangerous for
.
5
very young ch ild ren wh o h ave se nsitive hearing. 'More tests should .
have been earned
. . ,
a- ts might be before selling this device to the public,
0 out to see what the 1ong-term e11ec . .
1 • . h · hts and wrongs, the Mosqmto, silent to adults, but
said a campaigner. Whatever t e ng .
2 ·s for now becommg more and more common.
3 buzzing loudly in the ears of th e young 1 ' '
4
Items Score
No 4
0 d" to the correct variant to complete the points
1 I Circle the letter correspon mg
2 statements, accordinl! to th e text. A
3 . ouths that way. 0
1 It is not fair to .. •••• Y c. focus
· b. target 1
a. request Sellin the Mosquito product. A
READING
2. Authorities are asked to · · ·· b g c. challenge 0
ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ESSAY ARTICE/ POINTS GRADE DATE 1
I II III IV V VI VII LETTER b. an
POINTS
a. ask for
TEST23

119
118
 3. The Mosquito produces a/an ..... high frequency noise.
A
0
--- I2. Many shopkeepers have purchased th M
long term effect measure.
.
e osqmto as a common A
0
a. frustrating b. irritating c. pleasant 1 1
a. True I
A b. False 2
4. The Mosquito produces a . ... .. sound in the ears of the Y?ung ones. 0
a. buzzing b. shouting c. demanding 1
II In the text, identify the meaning of the words. Circle the letter 2 points
corresponding to the correct variant. 3. / The elderly were petrified to walk past the teenagers when entering A
A a shop. 0
1. The word 'purchased' in the text means: 1
0
a. found b. acquired c. considered
1
a. True I b. False 2
2. The word 'demanded' is closest in meaning to: A
b. asked c. requested 0
a. called on to 1
III Briefly answer the questions below, choosing words and/or numbers 4 points VI Write the ~ost important ideas in order they come in the text. Fill in 8 points
from the text. the table with the letter corresponding in the correct variant (A, B... )
1. Why was it important to purchase the Mosquito by the local councils? A A. Large gangs of teenagers have caused harsh measures to be taken by A
0 the local businesses. 0
1 2
B. Some lawmakers agree to using the Mosquito as a tool of crime 4
'
prevention. 6
2. What can congregations in large numbers of youth cause? A C. The Mosquito has positively affected the homeowners and the local 8
0 councils.
1
D. Others state that the civil rights of the young people are at risk.
A 1 2 3 4
3. How can the Mosquito affect young children?
0
1
I
VTI What is the main idea of the text? Circle the letter corresponding to the 2 points
4. Why is the Mosquito a bestseller? A correct variant.
0 A
1 A. Young people are too sensitive to the Mosquito and require their
0
rights to be respected. 2
IV Match the halves of the sentences. Write the answers in the table below. 4 points B. Homeowners and local councils have managed to create a safe
One is extra. environment for all the oeoole of their community.
1. The long councils were a. is hated by most of the locals. A
C. Local businesses suffer from the teenage gangs and ask for support
interested in b. hanging out with friends in 0
2. Many of the petty crimes 1 from the lawmakers.
front of the local businesses. 2
3. The increasing use of the c. discriminated against one 3
Mosquito has caused less section of the community. 4 Written production. Write a 180-200 - word essay according to the given task.
4. The Mosquito is considered as a d. preventing teenagers getting Successful sportsmen can earn a great deal more than people in other important
product that closer to electrical cables.
e. have fallen. professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is
1 I 2 3 I 4 unfair. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
I I
V Identify if the sentences are true or false. Circle the letter correspon- 6 points Consider the following:
ding to the correct variant. Justify the answer by quoting the text and ✓ Introduction (state the three arguments you are to use to support
write it in the lines below. your opinion) .
1. IThe kids put up with it for a quarter or so, and then got upset. A ✓ Body (give three arguments pros and/or cons to express your point 40p
a. True 0 of view, give two examples to support your arguments~
b. False 1
2 ✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subJect)
Use linkers (6-8) for coherence and clarit ·

120 121
 Written production. Write a 90-100 word article/letter according to the given task.
0
1 A school website has asked its readers to send in an article/letter about a woman
that bas made an important change from an English-speaking country.
0
2 'amsider the following :
4 ✓ Title
✓ Introduction (name/location)
0
3 ✓ Body (description/importance/impact on the modern world) 30p
6 ✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subject)
-
Use linkers (4-6) for coherence and clarity.
,-----
-
0
,- 0
2
4 ,- 1
,~
,,
0
0 1
I -
2
0
0 3
3 6

0 0
1 2
,- I 4
2 '
3 ff
0
2
0 4
1
0
0 I
1 2
2
3 0
, I 1
4 2
" 5 3

I 6

0
4
5

1 0
2 1
3 2
3
4 4
5
6 0
1
0 2
1 3
2
3 READING M ITEM ESSAY ARTICE/
4
ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITiI VII LETTER POINTS GRADE DATE
I II lII IV V
POINTS
TEST24

122
123
 TEST 25 .--- 4. A gap-year experience is a chance to
university years ahead.
fi
A
· · ·.. some money or
0
I
Should I take a gap year? th a. s~~e u~fy b. give up c. put up
For many British students, deciding whether to take a year out to work or travel, or I I In e text, '. ent1 the meaning of the words. Circle the letter 2 points
whether to go straight to university from school instead can be a tough decision. On correspondmg to the correct variant.
the one hand, a gap year is useful for students who can't decide which course they want I. The word 'vocational' in the text means: A
to do at university. Not only does it give them more time to consider their options, but a. extracurricular b. vocational c. optional 0
the experience can help them to see things in different ways. It's also a chance to make I
2. The word 'tough' is closest in meaning to: A
some money and save up for the university years ahead. On the other hand, it seems a 0
a. sensitive b. different c. difficult
waste of time and money to some to delay their studies when they could be learning the I
skills required to get the career of their dreams. III Briefly answer the questions below, choosing words and/or numbers 4 points
These days, the decision about whether to take a gap year or not is complicated from the text.
by the fact that getting, and paying for, a place at university is not as easy as it once I. How have UK travel companies improved the gap-year A
was. In Britain, tuition fees are higher than ever before, and the competition for places experience for young people? 0
I
at university has never been tougher. A lot of students believe that they have to start
university sooner rather than later as the costs can only go up. As a direct result of all 2. Why do people consider it a waste of time and money to delay A
this, for a majority of students, having a year out does not seem as practical or sensible studies? 0
an option as it once was and, as a result, numbers of gap-year students are falling. I
In the UK, there are travel companies which specialise in organising student
gap-year trips, many of which, to my mind, have considerably improved the gap-year 3. How have the tuition fees that are higher year by year affect the A
number of gap year students? 0
experience for young people over the years. These companies have started offering I
'mini-gap' trips, which last only three or four months, thus taking advantage of that
short window between leaving school in June and starting university in October. They 4. What do students need to do to have their job application stand A
are also offering year-long gap trips which are more vocational than in the past, as well
• out? 0
1
as more courses to train young people to learn a skill.
A recent survey tried to discover how supportive of the gap-year experience future IV Match the halves of the sentences. Write the answers in the table below. 4 points
employers might be, and found that young people who had spent a year doing voluntary One is extra.
work or learning a new skill had a clear advantage when it came to job seeking after I. A gap year gives them a. had a clear advantage. A
university. This was because they had done something to make their job applications b. in organising 0
2. To some people it might a gap year trips have 1
stand out. Although there can be no career advantage in just travelling around the world seem improved. 2
and hanging out on beaches, choosing to spend time working with disadvantaged kids c. as a delay or a waste of time 3
3. Companies that 4
in the developing world, or on work placements in offices and factories closer to home, specialize experiencing a gap year.
will help young people get a job in the future. 4. Young people who had d. in delivering information to future
the experience of a gap employers.
No Items Score year e. more time to consider their options.
I Circle the letter corresponding to the correct variant to complete the 4 points I 2 3 4
statements, according to the text.
I. A gap year doesn't seem as ..... an option as it once was. A
0 V Identify if the sentences are true orfalse. Circle the letter correspondi~g 6 points
a. sensible b. emotional c. reasonable 1 · t. Justi'fy the answer by quoting the text and wnte
t o t h e correct vanan
2. Many young people spend a gap year working with ..... . kids in A it in the lines below.
the developing world. 0 • dvantane in just travelling around the world. A
1 1. There 1s no career a •.,. b F 0
a. disappointed b. disabled c. disadvantaged a. True I . a1se 1
3. A recent survey has discovered how ... .. of the gap-year A 2
experience future employers might be. 0
1
a. surrendered b. supportive c. social
124 125
 I
2. For a ~mall nwnber of students it is reasonable to have a gap-year A
---- 0
experience.
a. True I b. False
0
1
2 ,_
- 1

,_ 0
2
,_
4
3. \ Today tuition in Britain is auite accessible. A
0 0
a. True I b. False 1 3
2 ' - 6

VI Write the most important ideas in order they come in the text. Fill in 8 points 0
the table with the letter corresponding in the correct variant (A, B... ) 2
4
A. Companies that offer gap year experience to young people have A
0
-
proved their efficiency and importance. 0
2
B. Students who experience from doing voluntary work in the gap 4 2

1 year have had a clear advantage in their job applications.

C. The gap year experience to some could be useful, to others a delay
6
8 0
of the studies or even a waste of time and money. 3
D. Many students believe continuing studies sooner is better as the
0
costs might get higher.
1
1 I 2 I 3 I 4 2
I I 3
Vil What is the main idea of the text? Circle the letter corresponding to 2 points
the correct variant. 0
1
A. Many employers have discovered that a gap year experience makes A
young people better employees. 0
' 2 0
B. Though a gap year experience has advantages as disadvantages the 1
' young people have found it to be a great way to improve their 2
skills. 3
C. Due to the costs of University studies getting higher year by year, 4
many young people refuse the gap year experience and continue 5
6
their studies immediately after school graduation.
0
Written production. Write a 180-200 - word essay according to the given task. 1
If online shopping continues to grow in popularity, shops in out town centres 2
will close because fewer people will use them . Do you agree? 3
4
5
Consider the following: 6
✓ Introduction (state the three arguments you are to use to support
your opinion) -
0
✓ Body (give three arguments pros and/or cons to express your point 1
40p
2
of view, give two examples to support your arguments)
3
✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subject) - 4
Use linkers (6-8) for coherence and clarity.
L

126 127
 Written production. Write a 90-100 word article/letter according to the given task. TEST 26
A school website has asked its readers to send in an article about a technological
advancemen t from an English-spea king country. 1he teenage polar explorer You ma h
. . Ynot ave heard of Parker Liautaud, but back in
zo 13 he was big news. Havmg
..
announced that
,
at th f .
e age o nmeteen, he was planmng to
.
Consider the following: break the record for skimg across Antarctica, thew Id' d . k
.. or s me 1a were een to get to meet
✓ Title What follows is 1·ust one ofthe many news stones . •
the amb1t1ous adventurer. . wntten at
✓ Introduction (name/locatio n) 30p •t • ,., 11 ·f
✓ Body (description/ importance/i mp_ a ct on the modern world) the time. Have you any idea where you'll be waking up on Ch ns mas mormng.7 vve , 1
.
✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subject) everythmg goes to plan, teenager Parker Liautaud will be spending the day at the South
Use linkers (4-6) for coherence and clarity. Pole. For n~w, though, t~e nineteen-year-old Californian is in London, completing
0 his preparat10ns and seeking publicity for his adventure. I set out to meet him in the
1
tent he had pitched in a glass box full of snow not far from London's famous Tower
0 Bridge. Inside the climate-controlled box, the temperature was well below freezing,
1
and passing Londoners were all keen to climb inside to get a selfie with Parker. I was
0 happier to chat out in the milder air of a September afternoon in the capital. Parker
3 turned out to be not just a well-connected adventurer from a wealthy background, but
r 6
a young man determined to raise the issue of climate change to a broader audience.
0 While crossing the Antarctic ice from the continent's coast to its pole, Parker and his
2
4 co-explorer Doug Stoop will be carrying out vital scientific experiments to investigate
the impact of global warming.
0 Despite his youthful appearance, Parker is an experienced polar explorer. He grew
2
4 up with an interest in the icy wastes and, even in his early teens, had a passion for
protecting these last great wildernesses. That's why he took advantage of the fact that his
0
1 family was rich to finance trips to the Arctic and Antarctic. He wanted to see what was
2 happening for himself, and to publicise the problems for the world to see. He went on
his first polar expedition at the age of fourteen and attempted, unsuccessfully, to walk
0
1 across the Arctic to the North Pole at fifteen. By the age of eighteen, he had reached the
2 North Pole on three occasions. As we finished our conversation, and he made his way
3
4 back to the glass box, I wished him all the best. With luck, by the end of the year, he will
5 have achieved his latest dream.
So, in the end, what happened to Parker's exhibition to the South Pole? Well,
0
1 following a 560- kilometre trek on skis from the edge of Antarctica, the young man and
2 his co-explorer Stoop reached their goal. It was the fastest human-power ed trek from
3
4 the coast to the South Pole, and Parker became the youngest man to ski to the Pole.

0 Items Score
1 ~ o
. h ndi"ng to the correct variant to complete the 4 points
2 C ire1e t e Ietter correspo
3 statements, according to the text.
I. Many Londoners were .. ..to get selfies. ~
b passionate c. encouraged 1
a. keen ·
READING
ARTICE/ DATE his first polar expedition at the age fourteen. AO
ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ESSAY LETTER POINTS GRADE c proved
I II Ill IV V VI VII 2. Park er . . . . . . d
a. tried b. attempte . 1
POINTS
TEST25 ----J_J~ ~- -~ - - -~ ---....J
128 129
 3. Parker is completing his ... .. .for his adventure. . A -- 2. Parker was to achieve his dream by
2014 _ A
c. preparations 0 a. True
a. skills b. tentative 1 b. False 0
1
4. Parker reached his goal in his .... to the South Pole. A 2
b. excursion c. exhibit 0
a. exhibition 1
3. Parker is the youngest explorer to ski
II In the text, identify the meaning of the words. Circle the letter 2 points across Antarchca.
.
A
a. True 0
corresponding to the correct variant. b. False
' 1
1. The word 'broader' in the text means: A 2
a. higher b. wider c. more inclusive 0
1
2. The word 'achieved' is closest in meaning to: A VI Write the most important ideas in order they come in the text. Fill in
8 points
a.succeeded b. obtained c. realized 0 the table with the letter corresponding in the correct variant (A, B. .. )
1 A. Though coming from a wealthy background, Parker was always an
III Briefly answer the questions below, choosing words and/or numbers 4 points A
environmentalis t. 0
from the text. B. The mass media has got interested in the expedition of the 2
1. What is Parker Liautaud completing in London? A youngest man to ski to the Pole. 4
0 6
C. The Londoners were able to experience some of the expedition. 8
1
2. What is the purpose of the Antarctic expedition? D. By achieving his dream, Parker and his co explorer have broken
A
0 the record of the fastest human powered trek.
1 1 2 3 4
3. Why did the world's media get interested in Parker's expedition? A
0
1 VII What is the main idea of the text? Circle the letter corresponding to 2 points
4. How did the public reach Parker to get a selfie? A the correct variant.
0 A. The wildernesses of Antarctica have always attracted young
1 A
1 IV Match the halves of the sentences. Write the answers in the table below. 4 points explorers. 0
B. Polar explorers need much work and passion to achieve their 2
One is extra.
1. Parker was an adventurer a. was to investigate the impact of A dreams in extremely freezing expeditions.
2. The goal of the expedition global warming. 0 C. The media has got the occasion to talk to the youngest explorer of
3. The news of Parker breaking 1
,I the record
b. inside a climate-controlled box.
c. was quite big at the time.
2
3
Antarctica about his expedition challenges.

r 4. Before the expedition Parker

trained himself
d. from a wealthy background.
e. from an experienced polar
4 Written production. Write a 180-200 - word essay according to the given task.
Some people believe that all children should learn a foreign language from the
exploring familv. time they start school, while others believe it is better to wait until a child is at
1 I 2 3 I 4 secondary school. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
I I
V Identify if the sentences are true or false. Circle the letter corresponding 6 points
Consider the following:
to the correct variant. Justify the answer by quoting the text and write
✓ Introduction (state the three arguments you are to use to support
it in the lines below.
I
1. Parker had passion for protecting wildernesses once he became a
polar explorer.
A
0
your opinion)
✓ Body (give three arguments pros and/or cons to express your point 40p
a. True J.' 1 of view, give two examples to support your arguments)
b. False 2 ✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subject)
~Use linkers (6-8) for coherence and clarity.

130 131
 0 Written production. Write a 90-lOQ word article/letter according to the given task.
1 A school website has asked its readers to send in an article/letter about a m edical
advancement from an English-speaking country.
0
2 ~sider the following:
4 ✓ Title
✓ Introduction (name/location)
0
3 ✓ Body (description/importance/impact on the modern world) 30p
6 ✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subject)
Use linkers (4-6) for coherence and clarity.
~

0
,- 0
2 l
4
~

,~ 0
0 1
2
0
3
0 6
3_
0
0 2
1 4
2
0
3 2
4
0
1 0
l
0 2
l 0
2 1
3 2
4 3
5 4
6 5
r 0
0 1
l 2
2 3
3 4
4
0
5 1
6 2
3
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1
READING ARTICE/
2 ESSAY POINTS GRADE DATE
ITEM ITEM ITEM LETTER
3 ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM VI VII
II III IV V
I
4 POINTS
TEST 26

133
132
 TEST27
- 3. . .. ....certain medicines may hav
d'
..
ea positive effect on sleepwalkers. A
a. excee 1ng b . 0
. , . . · cuttmg out c. reducing 1
4. A ch~ds bram IS ...., but it is also developing very fast. A
Sleepwalkin g
a. Immature b· · 0
Recent research has uncovered some remarkable facts about sleepwalking. It has · impatient c. irregular 1
been established, for example, that most sleepwalkers rise from their beds during the II In the• text, identify
h the meaning of the words. C'Ire1e th e 1etter corres- 2 points
first third of a night's sleep, during a stage of their sleeping cycle called non-REM sleep. ponding to t e correct variant.
During this stage, they are in deep sleep, and their brains are very inactive. The fact 1. The word 'uncertain' in the text means: A
that the brain is not really thinking about anything explains why sleepwalkers walk a. insecure b. undetermined c. unknown 0
1
around with blank expressions and, if woken, can't remember what they were doing. It
2. The word 'remedy' is closest in meaning to: A
also proves that the long-held belief that sleepwalkers act out dreams is simply not true. a. solution b. treatment 0
c. idea
Sleepwalkers can't be dreaming if their brains aren't switched on. Remarkably, though, 1
to my mind at least, the body, unlike the brain, is still active during non-REM sleep. III Briefly answer the questions below, choosing words and/or numbers 4 points
Most people toss and turn in bed early in their sleep cycle, and pull at the bedsheets. from the text.
Sleepwalkers simply take this behaviour to another level. 1. What does the immature child's brain do once it develops very fast? A
While people of all ages may walk in their sleep, the phenomenon is most common 0
1
in young children. It is believed that this is because their brains are still developing and,
therefore, more likely to get confused. Sleepwalking has been described as a state of the 2. How does the brain work in non REM sleep? A
brain in which the boundary between being awake and asleep is uncertain. Something 0
1
s ' in the sleeper's brain tells the body to move when it should be telling it to rest. It makes
!II sense, therefore, that sleepwalking children behave in the way they do. Not only is a A
child's brain immature, but it is also developing very fast. It is no surprise that it should 3. Why is sleepwalking more common in young children? 0
make mistakes. It is no surprise either that most kids soon grow out of sleepwalking. It 1
is harder to explain why the phenomenon seems to run in families, though, and why it
A
is much more likely that a boy, rather than a girl, should be a sleepwalker. 4. Why is it dangerous to sleepwalk? 0
It has been shown that children are more likely to go sleepwalking when overtired 1
or stressed, so a simple remedy is often to make sure they get a good night's sleep.
Cutting out certain medicines or food types may also have a positive effect on a person's IV Match the halves of the sentences. Write the answers in the table below.
4 points
tendency to sleep walk. Sleepwalking may be a symptom of something more serious One is extra.
in adults, however. Indeed, it could be a symptom of Parkinson's disease. It is also fair 1. The phenomenon a. walk around with blank expressions. A
0
to say that walking around in your sleep, unaware of what you are doing or where you 2. The sleeper's brain b. turn in bed early. 1
are going is, naturally, dangerous in itself. Many have had accidents, and some have 3. Many of the sleepwalk- c. tells the body to move not rest.
2
3
committed crimes. In 2005, a British man was found not guilty of murdering his father ers d. to be walking around in your sleep. 4
after he explained to the court that he had killed him while walking round the house 4. It's quite dangerous e. runs in families.
fast asleep.
1 I 2 I 3 I 4

I I I
Items Score 6 points
No V Identify if the sentences are true or false. Circle the l~tter correspon-
I Circle the letter corresponding to the correct variant to complete the 4 points · J 'fy th e answer by quotmg the text and
ding to the correct vanant. ustl
statements, according to the text.
write it in the lines below. A
1. During sleep the brains are ..... A
0 1. Sleepwalkers can dream. 0
b. False
a. lazy b. inactive c. switched off 1 a. True I 1
2
2. Sleepwalking is a state of the brain in which the .. ... between A
awake and asleep is uncertain. 0
1
a. limit b. passing c. boundary
-
135
134
 2. Boys are generally more likely to be sleepwalking. A -- I

a. True b. False 0
I
2
-- 0
I

-- 0
2
3. Most kids don't grow out of sleepwalking.
a. True b. False
A
0 - 4

1 0
2 - 3
6

VI Write the most important ideas in order they come in the text. Fill in 8 points 0
the table with the letter corresponding in the correct variant (A, B. .. ) 2
4
A. Most commonly the sleepwalking phenomenon is among kids. A
B. Sleepwalking might be a symptom of something more serious. 0
2 0
C. Sleepwalkers have their brain switched on but take their behaviour 4 2
to another level. 6
8 0
D. Sleepwalking is more characteristic of boys rather than girls.
1 2 3 4
I 3

0
VII What is the main idea of the text? Circle the letter corresponding to 2 points ' 1
.
2
the correct variant. 3
A. Though strange and uncomfortable, sleepwalking is by far a A
dangerous phenomenon for a human being. 0 0
2 I
B. A recent study has proved that mostly boys suffer from
sleepwalking symptoms. 0
C. Sleepwalking is a stage of the sleeping cycle that can cause 1
behavioural changes up to tragic events. 2
3
4
Written production. Write a 180-200 -word essay according to the given task. 5
Some people believe that in the near future there will be no borders between 6
countries, while others feel that national borders will always remain. Discuss both
0
views and give your own opinion.
1
2
Consider the following: 3
✓ Introduction (state the three arguments you are to use to support 4
5
your opinion) 6
✓ Body (give three arguments pros and/or cons to express your point 40p
- 0
of view, give two examples to support your arguments)
- 1
✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subject) - 2
Use linkers (6-8) for coherence and clarity. 3
- 4

-
136 137
 W ritten production. Write a 90- 100 word article/letter according to the given task.
A school website has asked its readers to send in an article/letter about a
sportsperson from an English-speaking country.
Con sider the following:
✓ Title
✓ Introduction (name/location)
30p
✓ Body (description/imp ortance/impact on the modern world)
✓ Conclusion (express your personal opinion on the subject)
Use linkers (4-6) for coherence and clarity.
I 0
II
TEST 28
Conspiracy theorists
Did Neil Armstrong really walk on the moon 1·n 1969, or was t he event fiJ me d m· a
TV Studio?
Was the ~merican pre~ident John F. Kennedy assassinated by a Jone gunman in
1963, or was It all a complicated plot involving the Vice-President, Lyndon Johnson?
When it comes to major events such as moon landings or assassinations, the deaths of
celebrities, or deadly terrorist bombings, the only thing we can really count on is that
0
1 thousands of people online will refuse to accept the obvious true story behind each
event, and will look for stranger, more exciting explanations. These are the conspiracy
0 a
theorists, and there are more of them than you think. In some polls, one fifth of the
1
American population genuinely believe that nobody went to the moon in 1969, and
0 that Kennedy died on the orders of his Vice- President.
3 For social scientists, the interesting question is why people are so quick to believe
6
conspiracy theories. For many years, these scientists believed the phenomenon was a
0 form of paranoia. People who accused the government of a cover-up, or blamed aliens
2 for causing a disaster were described as part of a small minority of people with a form
4
of mental illness. While this may actually be true for a few individuals, it clearly has
0 its limitations as a theory, to my mind at least. It doesn't explain, for example, why so
2 many people admit to searching for unusual reasons behind events. Millions of us do
4
this! Since not everybody is mentally ill, social scientists are now looking for a better
0 explanation for the public's Jove of a conspiracy theory.
1 Research has shown that people believe conspiracy theories for a variety of reasons.
2
One is that they don't trust official explanations. We live in a world in which we are used
to being misled. Advertising agencies are always telling us something is true, when it
1
2
clearly isn't, companies we rely on, such as gas and electricity suppliers, are not always
3 straight with us, and we know politicians regularly exaggerate the positive things they
4 achieve. Against this background, it is not surprising that people don't accept what they
5 are officially told. Moreover, people are also influenced by their own ideologic~ beliefs
0 to interpret events in particular ways. So, for example, people who strongly ~eheve that
1 bankers are untrustworthy may interpret a decline in the econ~m~ as _a ternbl~ plan ~y
2 bankers to make themselves rich. A further explanation for behevmg m consp1rac1es 1s
3 r I owerless and insecure. We don't like to face the truth
4
.
that most ord mary peopIe 1ee p
that terrible things do sometimes take place. . . . .
0 · theory as a way of explammg somethmg so that 1t
1
Instead , we create a conspiracy
2 makes sense to us.
3

READING
ARTICE/
ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ESSAY POINTS GRADE DATE
II IV V LETTER
I III VI VII
POINTS
TEST27

138 139
 No Items Score V Id entify if the sentences are true or fals C 1 .
to the correct variant Justify th e. ire e the letter correspondmg 6 points
I Circle the letter corresponding to the correct variant to complete the 4 points
it in the lines below. · e answer by q
uo t'mg the text an d wnte
.
statements, according to the text.
1. People usually refuse to accept a/an ..... story. A 1. IPeople refuse to look for strange explanations. A
c. certainly 0 a. True 0
a. genuinely b. obviously I b. False 1
2. People can even ..... .aliens for causing a disaster. A 2
a. tell b. invent c. blame 0

3. It is not ..... .. that people don't accept what they are officially
I
A
2. Iinsecure.
~elieving conspiracy theories makes people powerless
and A
0 0
told. 1
a. shocking b. surprising c. supporting I a. True b. False 2
4. Politicians regularly ..... the positive things they succeed in. A
a. overdo b. exaggerate c. diminish 0
I
II In the text, identify the meaning of the words. Circle the letter 3. / 1:oday soci~l scientist~ consider the phenomenon of quick belie- A
2 points vmg conspiracy theones as paranoia. 0
corresponding to the correct variant. 1
1. The word 'untrustworthy' in the text means: A a. True b. False 2
a. invaluable b. deceitful c. immovable 0
1
2. The word 'obvious' is closest in meaning to: A
0 VI Write the most important ideas in order they come in the text. Fill in 8 points
a. broad b. imperceptible c. apparent 1 the table with the letter corresponding in the correct variant (A, B .. . )
III Briefly answer th e questions below, choosing words and/or n umbers 4 points A. Scientists have made research to explain the massive believers in A
from the text. conspiracy theories. 0
B. The most ordinary people suffer the most from believing in 2
1. How do people react to what they are officially told? A 4
0 conspiracies. 6
I C. People have always distrusted the most obvious true stories. 8
D. Today people turn to creating conspiracy theories to feed their
2. Why do most ordinary people feel powerless or insecure? A own values and beliefs.
0
I 1 2 3 4

3. What do one fifth of the Americans population genuinely believe? A

0 VII What is the main idea of the text? Circle the letter corresponding to 2 points
I
r 4. Why were people accused of mental illnesses in the 1970s? A
the correct variant.
A. Conspiracy theorists have influenced the lives of many and we are A
0
0 in need to know more of the reasons why they are so trustworthy. 2
I
B. Although conspiracies have influenced the lives of many, it's only
IV Match the halves of the sentences. Write the answers in the table below. 4 points the most ordinary people who get affected. .
One is extra. C. G enerally, conspiracy
. theories affect those who create their own
1. Many people consider a. in official explanations.
2. Many people admit b. their own powerlessness and insecurity.
A
0
I
- ways of understanding an event.
3. Many people have c. politicians to exaggerate in their . . .
mistrust statements. 2 Wntten product10n. Wnte a 180- 200 _ word essay according to •the £given task.
h b
4. Many people are 3 Some people feel that the cost of spa ce exploration is far too high 1or t e enefits
d. their own ideologists. 4 .
influenced by e. to searching for unordinary motives it h • th ace programmes should continue no matter
rings while others argue at we sp . .
behind events. '"h . d · e your own op1mon.
,. at the cost. Discuss both views an giv
1 I 2 I 3 I 4
I I I
140 141
 Written produ~tion. Write a 90-100 word .
Consider the following: ;\. school website has asked its read articl~/letter according to the given task.
✓ Introduction (state the three arguments you are to use to support ctress from an English speaking cou:ts to send ID an article/letter about an actor/
a ry.
your opinion)
✓ Body (give three arguments pros and/or cons to express your point 40p c;onsider the following:
of view, give two examples to support your arguments) ✓ Title
✓ Conclusion ( express your personal opinion on the subject) ✓ Introduction (name/location)
Use linkers (6-8) for coherence and clarity. ✓ Body ( description/importance/impact on th d 30p
0 ✓ J · ( e mo em world)
Cone usion express your personal opinio th b. )
1 Use linkers (4 -6) fior coh erence and clarity. n on e su 1ect

0 0
2 1
4
0
0 11
1
3
6 r;r -i 0
.f • 3
0 6
2 '
4 ( •11,, 0
l 2
0 •1r,1 1
4
2
I, 0
0 11 2
3 4
0 ' ' 0
1 r •. 1
2 2
. 3 '
I'
(

0
0 1
1 r 2
I.
f
3
0 4
1 ( ,, 5
2
3 ' 0
4 1
5 2
6 3
4
0
1 ' 0
-
2 1
3 - 2
4 3
5 -
6
0 ~

1 READING
ARTICE/
ITEM ESSAY LETTER POINTS GRADE DATE
2 lTEM lTEM ITEM ITEM ITEM ITJ{" VII
3 I--_
I 11 Ill IV V
4 POINTS
c.J]ST 2s
142 143