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DRB - DYNAMICS
OF RIGID BODIES
REVIEW IN MACHINE DESIGN AND SHOP PRACTICES

ENGR. PAOULO H. DE VEGA, ME

INSTRUCTOR III
 INTRODUCTION
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Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is

concerned with the state of rest or motion of bodies subjected to the
action of forces. Engineering mechanics is divided into two areas of
study, namely, statics and dynamics. Statics is concerned with the
equilibrium of a body that is either at rest or moves with constant
velocity. Here we will consider dynamics, which deals with the
accelerated motion of a body. The subject of dynamics will be
presented in two parts: kinematics and kinetics.
 INTRODUCTION
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Dynamics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the study of

bodies in motion

Two Branches of Dynamics

1. Kinematics – geometry of motion. The term is used to define the motion
of a particle of body WITHOUT consideration of the forces causing
motion. It is usually the treatment of the relation between displacement,
velocity and acceleration.
2. Kinetics – is the branch of mechanics and relates the force acting on a
body to its mass and acceleration.
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS
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We will begin our study of dynamics by discussing the kinematics

of a particle that moves along a rectilinear or straight line path.
POSITION DISPLACEMENT VELOCITY ACCELERATION
The straight-line path
of a particle will be
defined using a single The displacement of Velocity is defined
Acceleration is
coordinate axis s. It is the particle is defined as as the change in
defined as the change in
used to specify the the change in its position (displacement)
velocity per unit of time.
location of the particle position. per unit of time.
at any given instant.

𝚫𝒔 𝚫𝝂
∆𝒔 = 𝒔 −ƴ 𝒔 𝝂= 𝒂=
𝚫𝒕 𝚫𝒕
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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A car travels a distance of
350 miles in 5.0 hours. Find its
average speed. mph, m/s, ft/s

ANS: 70mph, 31.29 m/s, 102.67 ft/s

 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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A runner makes one lap
around a 200-m track in a time of 25
sec. What were the runner’s
average speed and average
velocity?

ANS: 8m/s, 0m/s

 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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A constant force changes
the speed of a car from 8 m/s to 20
m/s in 4 s. What is average
acceleration?

ANS: 3 m/s2
KINEMATICS EQUATION
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These are the equations that describe an object in Uniformly

Accelerated Motion:

❑𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
1 2
❑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
❑𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2𝑎𝑠
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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A car accelerates uniformly
from rest to a final speed of 18
m/sec in 9 seconds. How far does it
travel during this period of
acceleration?

ANS: 81 m
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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A pickup truck moving at 34
m/sec must come to a stop in a
distance of 196 meters to avoid
hitting a boulder that has fallen onto
the road. How much time does the
driver have to avoid an accident?

ANS: 11.53 s
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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An automobile moving at a
constant velocity of 50 ft/s passes a
gasoline station. Two seconds later,
another automobile leaves the
gasoline station and accelerates at
the constant rate of 6 ft/s2. How
soon will the second automobile
overtake the first?

ANS:18.47 secs
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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A particle starting from rest
experienced an acceleration of 2.5
m/s2 for 3 s. The particle then
returned to rest in an additional
distance of 8 m. Assuming all
accelerations were uniform, what
was the total time elapsed for the
particle’s motion?

ANS: 5.13 s
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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You throw a beanbag in the
air and catch it 2.2 s later at the
same place at which you threw it.
a. What was its initial velocity?
b. How high did it go?

ANS: 10.79m/s, 5.94 m

 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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A stone is dropped down a
well and 5 seconds later, the sound
of the splash is heard. If the velocity
of sound is 1120 ft/s, what is the
depth of the well?

ANS: 353.31 ft
NON-UNIFORM ACCELERATION
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Non-uniform acceleration constitutes the

most general description of motion. It refers to
variation in the rate of change in velocity. Simply
put, it means that acceleration changes during
motion. This variation can be expressed either in
terms of position (s) or time (t).
Accordingly, analysis of non-uniform
acceleration motion is carried out in two ways :
➢Using calculus
➢Using graphs
NON-UNIFORM ACCELERATION
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Velocity and acceleration is expressed in terms of time “t”:

𝒅𝒗
𝒂 𝒕 = (𝟏)
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒔
𝒗 𝒕 = (𝟐)
𝒅𝒕
𝒗𝒅𝒗
𝒂 𝒔 = (𝟑)
𝒅𝒔
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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The velocity of a particle
moving along a straight line is 𝑣 =
𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 m/s, where t is in seconds. If
its position s=0. when t=0,
determine its acceleration and
position when t=4 seconds.

ANS: a= 10 m/s2, s =37.33m

 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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A falling ball moves in

accordance to the equation
S = 2 t3 + ½ t2 + 32 t.
Determine its acceleration at
time t = 2 sec.

ANS: 25 m/s2
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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The motion of a
particle is defined by the
relation a=4t, where a is in
m/s2 and t in seconds. It is
known that s=1 m and v=2
m/s when t=1 sec.
Determine the velocity and
distance when t=10
seconds.

ANS: v = 200m/s, s = 667m

 SAMPLE PROBLEM
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The velocity of a
particle moving along the x-
axis is defined by 𝑣 = 𝑠 3 −
4𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 where v is in m/s
and s is in meters. Compute
the velocity when s=2 m.
Compute the acceleration
when s=2 m.

ANS: v = 4m/s, a = 8m/s2