MOTI

ON
N
I 1
MECHANICS
The study of relationships among force, matter, and
motion.

KINEMATICS
Part of mechanics that describes motion.
MOTI
ONDESCRIPT
ORS
POSITION
Describes where an object is at a particular time

TIME
A quantity that describes when an event took place

DISTANCE
The total length covered by an object
DISPLACEMENT
The change in position

SPEED
Describes how fast the object is moving or the distance
traveled per unit of time
VELOCITY
The rate of change in position with respect to a
reference point

ACCELERATION
Describes how an object changes its velocity per
elapsed time
AVERAGE VELOCITY
The change in position divided by the time of travel
EXAMPLE

Suppose a drag racer drives her AA-fuel dragster along a

straight track. Given the following data, solve for the
average velocity.
SOLUTION
Given:

Formula:

Solving for the unknown:

 The average x-velocity of the dragster is positive.
Meaning that during the time interval, the dragster
moved in positive x-direction.

If a particle moves in the negative x-direction during a

time interval, its average velocity for that time interval
is negative.
NOTE: Average velocity is measured in meters
per second if the distance is given in meters and
time is given in seconds. Other common units of
velocity are: kilometers per hour, feet per
seconds, miles per hour, and knots.
INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
The velocity at a specific instant of time or specific
point along the path. The instantaneous velocity gives a
mathematically precise measure of how the position is
changing at a particular moment.
EXAMPLE
A cheetah is crouched 20 m to the east of an observer. At time
𝑡=0 the cheetah begin to run east toward an antelope that is 50
m to the east of the observer. During the first 0 s of the attack,
the cheetah’s coordinate x varies with time according to the
equation 𝑥 = 20 𝑚 + (5.0 m/s2)𝑡2.
For (c.), notice that as Δ𝑡 gets smaller, the average
x-velocity gets closer to 10.0 m/s, so we conclude
that the instantaneous x-velocity at 1.0 s is 10.0
m/s.
AVERAGE ACCELERATION
The change along the x-axis divided by the time
interval
We can say that an object is accelerating if any of the
following conditions are fulfilled:
1. The magnitude of velocity is changing.
2. The direction of the motion is changing.
3. Both the magnitude and direction of the velocity are
changing.
INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION
The acceleration at a specific instant of time or specific
velocity along a path
UNIFORM ACCELERATED LINEAR MOTION
Motion of an object where acceleration is constant.
This occurs when an object is travelling in a straight
line with an increase in velocity at equal intervals of
time.
 EQUATIONS
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 2 2
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 +2 𝑎 ∆ 𝑥

where:
is final velocity is time
is initial velocity is displacement
is acceleration
EXAMPLE

A car in a highway uniformly accelerates from rest to

reach a maximum velocity of 60 km/h in 10 s.
Calculate for the acceleration of the bus.
 STEPS ON
CONVERTING
VERBAL
DESCRIPTIONS TO
MATHEMATICAL
1. Read the problem carefully.
2. Write the given values or information.
3. Write what is being asked.
4. Refer to the four kinematic equations.
5. Choose the most applicable and easiest to use.
EXAMPLE

A car in a highway uniformly accelerates from rest to

reach a maximum velocity of 60 km/h in 10 s.
Calculate for the acceleration of the bus.
 EQUATIONS
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 2 2
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 +2 𝑎 ∆ 𝑥

where:
is final velocity is time
is initial velocity is displacement
is acceleration
EXAMPLE

Calculate a car’s acceleration if it moved from rest to

33.13 meters per second in 10.98 seconds. Assume
that the acceleration is constant.
 EQUATIONS
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 2 2
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 +2 𝑎 ∆ 𝑥

where:
is final velocity is time
is initial velocity is displacement
is acceleration
FREE FALL MOTION
The motion of the body due to gravity.
 EQUATIONS
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡 2 2
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 +2 𝑔h

where:
is final velocity is time
is initial velocity is height/distance
is gravitational acceleration travelled vertically
EXAMPLE

If a 10-kg block is dropped from rest, determine the

distance it will have covered after 2 seconds?
 EQUATIONS
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡 2 2
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 +2 𝑔h

where:
is final velocity is time
is initial velocity is height/distance
is gravitational acceleration travelled vertically
EXAMPLE

A coin is dropped from rest off a cliff that is 6 meters

high. How much time will it take for the coin to reach
the ground and what will be its velocity?
 EQUATIONS
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡 2 2
𝑣 𝑓 =𝑣 𝑖 +2 𝑔h

where:
is final velocity is time
is initial velocity is height/distance
is gravitational acceleration travelled vertically
WAIT!
THERE’S
MORE…
For 5 points each, solve:
1. How long will it take a vehicle to cross a 233.432-
ft wide intersection from rest if it is heading at a
constant acceleration of 54.11 meters per square
second?
2. A stone fell from a 14.764-ft ledge from rest. How
much time will it take to fall on the ground and what
will be its final velocity in meters per second?
For 5 points each, solve:
3. A tennis ball is dropped from a 350-m high hot-air
balloon and is heading upward at a rate of 46.391 ft/s.
How much time will it take for the tennis ball to reach
the ground? What is the speed of the tennis ball as it
hits the ground in m/s?
NICE! READY NA
SILA MAG-QUIZ!