SESSION 1 : RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION, FREE FALL AND VARIABLE

The magnitude of the velocity is known as SPEED (AVERAGE SPEED) and it is

ACCELERATED MOTION
generally expressed in units of m/s or ft/s and is defines as the total distance
What is Dynamics? travelled by a particle divided by the elapsed time.

Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned with the state
of rest or motion of bodies subjected to the action of forces. Engineering
mechanics is divided into two areas of study, namely, statics and dynamics.

Dynamics deals with the accelerated motion of a body.

The subject of dynamics will be presented in two parts: kinematics, which treats Average Acceleration – provided the velocity of the particle at two points
only the geometric aspects of the motion, and kinetics, which is the analysis of during the time interval is defined as
the forces causing the motion.

Rectilinear Kinematics: Continuous Motion

is characterized by specifying, at any given instant, the particle’s position, Instantaneous acceleration of a vector is defined as:
velocity, and acceleration.

Position - The origin O on the path is a fixed point, and from this point the position
coordinate s is used to specify the location of the particle at any given instant.
Relationship of the instantaneous equation of motion:

Constant Acceleration
Displacement - is defined as the change in its position.
When the acceleration is constant, each of the kinematic differential equations
can be integrated to obtain the following formulas.

Average velocity of the particle moves through a displacement Δs during the

time interval Δt.

Instantaneous velocity of a vector is defined as:

Situation 1: Traveling with an initial speed of 70km/hr a car accelerates at
6000km/hr^2 along a straight road. How long will it take to reach a speed of
120km/hr. Also, through what distance does the car travel during this time?
Answer 30sec, 792m
Situation 2: A train starts from rest at station A and accelerates at 0.5 m/s2 for
60 s. Afterwards, it travels with a constant velocity for 15 min. It then decelerates
at 1 m/s2 until it is brought to rest at station B. Determine the distance between
the stations. Answer 28.35km
Situation 3: Tests reveal that a normal driver takes about 0.75 s before he or she
can react to a situation to avoid a collision. It takes about 3 s for a driver having
0.1% alcohol in his system to do the same. If such drivers are traveling on a
straight road at 30 mph and their cars can decelerate at 2 ft/s^2, determine
the shortest stopping distance d for each from the moment they see the
pedestrians. Answer 517ft, 616ft
Situation 4: An automobile moving at a constant velocity of 15m/s passes a
gasoline station. Two seconds later, another vehicle leaves the gasoline station
and accelerates at the constant rate of 2m/s^2. a.) How soon will the second
automobile overtake the first? 18.7871sec
b.)Compute the distance travelled by the first car. 282m
c.) Compute the distance travelled by the second car if it travelled the same
duration as the first car. 353m FREE FALLING BODY
FREE FALLING BODY
Freefall is a common kind of motion which everybody can observe in daily life.
If we drop something accidentally we can see its motion. In the beginning, it
will have low speed and until the end, it gains speed and before the collision,
it reaches its maximum speed. Many factors are there to affect the speed of
the object while it is in free fall.
Situation 1: A stone is thrown vertically upward and returns to earth after
10seconds.
a.) What was its initial velocity? 49m/s
b.) How high did it go? 123m
c.) At what time did it travel until it reaches the highest point? 5sec
Situation 2: A ball is dropped from the top of a tower 80ft high at the same
instant that a second ball is thrown upward from the ground with an initial
velocity of 40fps.
a.) When do they pass each other? 2s
b.) Where do they pass each other? 64.4ft, 15.6ft
c.) With what velocity will they pass each other? 64.4ft/s, 24.4ft/s
Situation 3: A stone is thrown vertically upward from the ground with a velocity
of 90m/s. How long must one wait before dropping a second stone from the
top of the tower 180m high if the two stones are to pass each other 60m from
the top of the tower? 13.4036s
VARIABLE ACCELERATION MOTION

To simply put, it means that acceleration changes during motion. When the
acceleration varies this is when we must use CALCULUS and the derived three
kinematic differential equations.

Situation 1: A particle is moving along a straight line such that its position is
defined by s = 10t^2 + 20, where t is in seconds and s is in mm. Determine a.)
the displacement of the particle during the time interval from t=1 to t=5s. b.)
the average velocity of the particle during this time interval and c.)
acceleration when t = 1 s. 240mm, 60mm/s, 20mm/s^2
Situation 2: Starting from rest, a particle moving in a straight line has an Situation 4: The acceleration of a rocket traveling upward is given by a =
acceleration of a = (2t-6) m/s^2, where t is in seconds. What is the particles (6+0.02s)m/s^2.., where s is in meters. Determine the time needed for the rocket
velocity when t=6s, and what is its position when t=11s? 0m/s, to reach an altitude of s=100m. Initially, v = 0 and s = 0 when t = 0. 5.6239s
80.6667m

Situation 3: A particle travels along a straight line with a velocity v = (12-3t^2)

m/s, where t is in seconds. When t = 1s, the particle is located 10m to the left of Situation 5: A particle is moving along a straight line with an initial velocity of
the origin. Determine the acceleration when t=4s, the displacement from t=0 6m/s when it is subjected to a deceleration of a = (-1.5V1/2)m/s^2, where v is in
to t=10s. -24m/s^2, -880m m/s. Determine how far it travels before it stops. How much time does this take?
6.532m, 3.2660s