61.

ĐIỀU CHỈNH, SỬA ĐỔI

[ngoại động từ] thay đổi, sửa đổi The law has been significantly modified
modify (một kế hoạch, quan điểm, luật since that ruling.
/'mɑ:.də.faɪ/ pháp, chính sách, hành vi...,) nhẹ,
(v) không đáng kể để nó được cải thiện
và thỏa đáng hơn
- [ngoại động từ] thay đổi cái gì đó Adjust your language to the age of your
để phù hợp với các điều kiện mới, audience.
adjust
để đạt hiệu quả hơn, tốt hơn, điều
/ə'dʒʌst/
chỉnh
(v)
- sắp xếp lại đồ áo để ngăn nắp, gọn
gàng
- [nội động từ] thích nghi với môi - Many software companies have
trường (vật sống) adapted popular programs to the new
adapt - [nội động từ] + [ngoại động từ] operating system.
/ə'dæpt/ thay đổi, làm cái gì đó thay đổi đế - Species have adapted to climate
(v) phù hợp với các điều kiện (biến đổi), changes throughout history.
chức năng sử dụng khác nhau ~
modify
tailor [ngoại động từ] chỉnh sửa, thay đổi Special programs of study are tailored
/'teɪlər/ để phù hợp với một mục đích, đối to/for the needs of specific groups.
(v) tượng cụ thể nào đó
correct [ngoại động từ] sửa đổi, thay đổi để Read through your work and correct any
/kə'rekt/ chính xác hơn, sửa lỗi sai, lỗi lầm, mistakes that you find.
(v) khuyết điểm...,
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to adapt/modify their
behaviour.
2. The ways in which organisms have adapted/tailored to survive in this extreme environment are
not well understood.
3. At this stage you should be able to correct/adjust at least some of your own mistakes.
4. As a teacher you have to modify/adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.
5. We tailor/correct any of our products to your company's specific needs.

Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.

6. She ______ her skirt, took a deep breath, and walked into the room.
A. corrected B. tailored C. adapted D. adjusted
7. We found it cheaper to ______ existing equipment rather than buy new.
A. tailor B. modify C. correct D. adjust
8. Their eyesight can be ______ in just a few minutes by the use of a laser.
A. adjusted B. adapted C. corrected D. tailored
9. ______ the angle of your monitor so you can easily read it.
A. Adjust B. Tailor C. Modify D. Correct
10. To remain competitive the company has to be able to ______ to the changing marketplace.
A. tailor B. adapt C. correct D. adjust

62. ĐOÁN, DỰ ĐOÁN

 sự cố gắng để đưa ra một câu trả lời If you don’t know the answer, have
guess
hoặc ý kiến khi mà bạn không chắc a guess.
/ges/(n)
chắn là bạn đúng hay không: sự đoán
lời dự đoán về việc mà bạn nghĩ sẽ xảy Having lived in the UK for more
ra trong tương lai; hành động dự đoán than one year, I’ve learned not to
prediction
về tương lai make any predictions about the
/prɪ'dɪkʃn/ (n) weather here.
*prediction mang nghĩa rộng hơn
forecast

diagnosis hành động phát hiện ra hoặc xác định The engineer examined the
được nguyên nhân chính xác của một washing machine for some time
/,daɪəg'nəʊsɪs/
căn bệnh hoặc một vấn đề: sự chẩn before giving me his diagnosis.
(n) đoán
dự đoán về việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương It is too early to make firm
forecast lai (dựa trên các thông tin hiện có) về forecasts about the UK economy
/'fɔ:kɑ:st/ (n) sự phát triển của một điều gì đó: sự after the pandemic.
dự đoán trước, sự dự báo trước
estimation [C] một lời phán đoán về giá cả, kích Estimations of our total world
/,estɪ'meɪʃn/ cỡ, giá trị, mức độ, ... của một thứ sales are around 50 million.
(n) gì/điều gì đó: sự ước lượng
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. It is difficult to make long-term forecasts/guesses for a fast-growing industry.
2. At a rough guess/diagnosis, I'd say we're about twenty miles from home.
3. Six hundred workers there lost their jobs today, amid gloomy diagnoses/predictions that there
could be worse to come.
4. The figures of 9% and 5% were diagnoses/estimations by federal officers, who lacked hard
statistical data upon which to base their percentages.
5. He took one look at the wilted plant and gave me an immediate diagnosis/estimation: "It needs
more water," he said.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
6. "What goes through your mind when you wake up in the morning and hear the weather ______ is
eighty and sunny?"
A. estimation B. forecast C. guess D. diagnosis
7. Without the results of the blood test, the doctor could only make a tentative ______ of the
disease.
A. estimation B. diagnosis C. forecast D. guess
8. In this study, we made no specific ______ about likely outcomes.
A. diagnoses B. estimations C. predictions D. guesses
9. In fact, the first group were absolutely correct in their ______ of the man’s height.
A. forecast B. prediction C. diagnosis D. estimation
10. Who do you think I saw yesterday? I'll give you three ______.
A. guesses B. predictions C. forecasts D. diagnoses
11. We should be fine unless it rains. This truck doesn't do well in the rain. But I didn’t see rain in the
______.
A. diagnosis B. estimation C. guess D. forecast
12. To aid the ______ of moving costs, we will assume that each room is of average size.
A. estimation B. guess C. diagnosis D. prediction
 63. DOANH THU, LỢI NHUẬN
- số tiền bạn kiếm được cho công - Average earnings for skilled workers
việc bạn làm, thu nhập (danh từ số are rising.
earnings /'ɜ:.nɪŋz
nhiều) - Sun Microsystems reported earnings
/
- lợi nhuận của một công ty trong that were slightly better than the
(n)
một thời kỳ cụ thể (danh từ số market had been expecting.
nhiều)
số tiền mà chính phủ nhận được - Taxes provide most of the
revenue thường là từ thuế hoặc tổ chức nhận government's revenue.
được từ hoạt động kinh doanh của - Arco has reacted to the loss in revenue
/'rev.ə.nu:/
mình (nhận một cách đều đặn, ổn by pruning back its expansion plans.
(n) định) (đếm được hoặc không đếm
được)
tiền kiếm được trong thương mại She makes a big profit from selling
profit hoặc kinh doanh sau khi thanh toán waste material to textile companies.
/'prɑ:.fɪt/ các chi phí sản xuất và bán hàng hóa
(n) và dịch vụ (đếm được hoặc không
đếm được)
tiền mà một người hoặc tổ chức - She sold her car and bought a piano
proceeds kiếm được từ việc bán, đấu giá cái gì, with the proceeds.
/'proʊ.si:dz/ giành được thứ gì đó hoặc từ việc tổ - The proceeds of the concert will go to
(n) chức một sự kiện hoặc hoạt động charity.
(danh từ số nhiều)
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. The company reported that proceeds/earnings were down last quarter.
2. The central government collects the tax revenue/profit on behalf of local authorities.
3. They bought a new minibus with the proceeds/earnings from the auction.
4. The company said it had made a revenue/profit of about £1.4bn on the deal.
5. People with a university education tend to have higher profits/earnings than those with basic
education.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
6. The ______ of today's festival will go to several local charities.
A. earnings B. revenues C. proceeds D. profits
7. Tourism is the island's main and stable source of ______.
A. revenue B. earnings C. profit D. proceeds
8. The rise in the value of the dollar has depressed the company's ______ this year.
A. profits B. revenues C. proceeds D. earnings
9. There isn’t much ______ in running a restaurant these days because we have to pay for a lot of
things.
A. revenue B. earnings C. profit D. proceeds
10. They need to restructure the tax system to collect more ______.
A. earnings B. revenue C. proceeds D. profit

64. ĐỐI THỦ

opponent một người mà bạn đang cố đánh He is admired even by his political
bại trong một cuộc thi/sự kiện thể
 thao/trò chơi/đánh nhau/tranh opponents/adversaries.
/ə'pəʊnənt/
luận/...
(n)
~ adversary /'ædvəsəri/ (n)
một người/nhóm người/tổ - He finished 39 seconds ahead of his
chức/công ty/... cạnh tranh lẫn main rival.
rival
nhau trong thể thao/kinh - This latest design has no rivals/is
/'raɪvl/ (n) doanh/... without rival (= it is easily the best
competitor /kəm'petɪtə(r)/ (n) design available).
một người phản đối hoặc chống - It is rare to find a prominent politician
lại ai/điều gì with few political enemies.
enemy - The lion is the zebra's chief enemy.
/'enəmi/ (n) một quốc gia hoặc một nhóm an attack by enemy aircraft
đang có chiến tranh với một quốc
gia/nhóm khác

contender một người/đội đang có cơ hội - a strong contender for the gold medal
dành chiến thắng trong một cuộc - He is a top contender for Senate
/kən'tendə(r)/
thi hoặc đạt được một vị trí lãnh majority leader.
(n) đạo
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. This latest defeat means that she’s no longer a rival/contender for the world title.
2. During the primary elections, McCain was Bush's leading contender/opponent.
3. The troops had camouflaged themselves so effectively that the enemy/rival didn’t notice them
approaching.
4. Sophia left her job and went to work for a rival/contender company.
5. James Moriarty was Sherlock Holmes's mortal contender/enemy.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
6. There are several contestants, but only two real ______ for the gold medal.
A. enemies B. opponents C. contenders D. adversaries
7. She hit the ball so hard that her ______ had no chance to establish any rhythm in her game.
A. enemy B. contender C. contestant D. opponent
8. The police believe the fight was due to a dispute between ______ teenage gangs.
A. adversary B. enemy C. rival D. contender
9. Who was her main ______ for the presidential nomination?
A. opponent B. enemy C. contender D. combatant
10. She was considered a leading ______ for the party leadership.
A. enemy B. contender C. opponent D. adversary
11. The company is well equipped to compete with its international ______.
A. enemies B. contestants C. contenders D. rivals
12. In major battles, there was as much chance of a submarine being attacked by its own side as
opposed to the ______.
A. contender B. enemy C. contestant D. opponent
13. In both contests, Webb stopped his ______ in the first round with an awesome display of
punching.
A. enemies B. combatants C. contenders D. opponents
14. Birds are the natural ______ of many insect pests.
A. enemies B. opponents C. adversaries D. contestants
15. Investors long hoped the company might do the heavy restructuring needed to revive profits and
compete with new ______.
A. contestants B. contenders C. rivals D. enemies

65. ĐỘNG CƠ
một thiết bị biến đổi điện năng hoặc - An electric motor is used to pump the
motor
nhiên liệu làm cho máy móc hoặc xe water.
/'moʊ.tə/ (n) cộ hoạt động hoặc chuyển động - Batteries power the motor.
máy có các bộ phận chuyển động nhờ - The engine runs on diesel.
engine sử dụng năng lượng từ nhiên liệu - My car had to have a new engine.
/'en.ʤɪn/ lỏng hoặc hơi nước, ví dụ như trong
(n) phương tiện giao thông đường bộ
hoặc máy bay
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. The plane's motor/engine failed and the pilot was forced to bail out.
2. The pump is powered by a small electric motor/engine.
3. My car motor/engine overheated because the water had leaked out of the radiator.
4. One of the wheels is fitted with an electric motor/engine.
5. While the Spaniard first patented the steam-operated machine for use in mining, an Englishman is
usually credited with inventing the first steam motor/engine.
6. An electric current drives motors/engines located under the floor.
7. Does your car have a diesel or a petrol motor/engine?

66. ĐÚNG, CHÍNH XÁC

được coi là đúng với thực tế, sự - Only one of the answers is correct.
correct
thật hoặc không có sai sót nào - Check that all the details are correct.
/kə'rekt/ (adj)
cả
rõ ràng và chính xác (chi tiết, - Can you give a more precise definition of the
precise hướng dẫn, đo lường, định word?
/prɪ'saɪs/ (adj) nghĩa...,) - I can be reasonably precise about the time of
the incident.

true đúng sự thật, liên quan đến - Are the following statements true or false?
thực tế, sự kiện hơn là những - Is it true (that) she's leaving?
/tru:/
thứ được nghĩ ra hoặc phỏng
(adj) đoán
được làm, hoàn thành, mô tả - The model is exact in every detail.
exact
một cách rất kĩ lưỡng, với tất cả - It is an exact copy of the original document.
/ɪg'zækt/ (adj)
các chi tiết đều chuẩn xác
accurate đúng đến từng chi tiết, chính - We'll need accurate costings before we can
/'æk.jə.ət/ xác và không có bất kỳ sai sót agree to fund the scheme.
(adj) nào - His predictions proved accurate.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. We will need a more correct/precise description of the accommodation.
2. It is certainly true/accurate that money can't buy you happiness.
3. This is an exact/correct replica of the original ship.
4. The first person to give the correct/precise answer wins the contest.
5. We hope to become more correct/accurate in predicting earthquakes.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
6. John didn't invent the story and everything he told you is ______.
A. precise B. accurate C. true D. correct
7. Please give ______ details about your previous experience.
A. correct B. precise C. exact D. true
8. The sentence is grammatically ______.but not very idiomatic.
A. precise B. exact C. true D. correct
9. We need to establish the ______ sequence of events leading up to the accident.
A. exact B. precise C. true D. correct
10. The aim at all times is to have a(n) ______ estimate of the final cost.
A. true B. precise C. accurate D. correct

67. ĐUỔI, THẢ

chính thức đuổi ai đó ra khỏi trường Sophia was expelled from school at 15.
expel
hoặc một tổ chức
/ɪk'spel/
trục xuất ai đó ra khỏi một đất nước The regime decided to expel UK, US, and
(v)
Canadian diplomats.
eject [ngoại động từ, sắc thái trang trọng] Several fans were ejected from the bar
/ɪ'dʒekt/ buộc ai đó phải rời khỏi một nơi hoặc for causing trouble.
(v) một vị trí
buộc ai đó rời khỏi một ngôi nhà hoặc A number of tenants have been evicted
evict
đất đai, đặc biệt là khi bạn có quyền for not paying the rent.
/ɪ'vɪkt/ (v)
làm như vậy
dismiss sa thải ai đó He has been dismissed from his job for
/dɪs'mɪs/ incompetence.
(v)
cho phép ai đó được chính thức rời He was discharged from the army
discharge khỏi hoặc khiến ai đó rời khỏi lực following his injury.
/dɪs'tʃɑ:dʒ/ lượng vũ trang hoặc công an
(v) [ngoại động cho phép ai đó xuất viện bởi vì họ đã Josh has a broken nose but may be
từ, thường ở đủ khoẻ để rời khỏi bệnh viện discharged today.
dạng bị động] cho phép ai đó được ra khỏi tù hoặc Jack was conditionally discharged after
rời khỏi toà án admitting the theft.
cho phép ai đó ra khỏi một nơi mà họ He was released from prison after
release
bị giam giữ hoặc bị mắc kẹt: thả, giải serving two years of a five- year
/rɪ'li:s/ (v)
phóng, phóng thích... sentence.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. After he was arrested, his lawyer got him released/ejected the same day. He never spent a single
night in jail.
2. There should be a power to release/dismiss employees who fail to return to work after reasonable
notice has been given.
3. Police had to expel/evict demonstrations from the building.
4. And the worst of it was, he had just done serious magic, which meant that he was almost certainly
expelled/released from Hogwarts.
5. Gareth was ejected/dismissed from the restaurant for drunken and disorderly behaviour.
6. More than half of all prisoners expelled/discharged are reconvicted within two years.
7. Most world leaders might be embarrassed to have a spy ring exposed and dismissed/expelled from
another country.
8. Before the patient is discharged/ejected, a physical therapist fits the patient with crutches and
gives instructions regarding their correct use.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
9. Shortly after the report was published, a third faculty member was summarily ______ on grounds
of three days of unapproved absence.
A. evicted B. dismissed C. ejected D. released
10. Firefighters took two hours to ______ the driver from the wreckage.
A. expel B. discharge C. release D. evict
11. They were unable to pay the rent, so they were ______ from their home.
A. released B. discharged C. dismissed D. evicted
12. He found a job doing data entry but was fired when his boss found out he was ______ from
university.
A. expelled B. released C. discharged D. evicted
13. Patients were ______ from the hospital because the beds were needed by other people.
A. discharged B. expelled C. dismissed D. ejected
14. The two couples were ______ from the taxi shortly after they got in because they became
abusive.
A. expelled B. ejected C. released D. discharged
15. After he won the presidency in 1990, the opposition joined with the Army overthrow him and
______ him from the country.
A. release B. dismiss C. evict D. expel
16. His memory was impaired, and he was ______ from the Royal Air Force.
A. released B. evicted C. discharged D. dismissed

68. ĐÁNH GIÁ, KIỂM TRA

hình thành một quan điểm về ai You shouldn't judge her too harshly.
judge
đó/điều gì đó dựa trên thông tin mà
/dʒʌdʒ/(v)
bạn có: xét, xét đoán, đánh giá
đưa ra một nhận định về bản We are trying to assess/evaluate how
assess chất/phẩm chất/chất lượng của ai well the system works.
/ə'ses/ (v) đó/cái gì đó: đánh giá
~ evaluate /ɪ'væljueɪt/ (v)

examine xem xét ai đó/cái gì đó một cách kỹ Investigators examined the room
lưỡng để xem có vấn đề gì không minutely for clues.
/ɪg'zæmin/
hoặc để tìm ra nguyên nhân của một
(v) vấn đề: khám xét, xem xét, thẩm tra
review đưa ra nhận xét/quan điểm về một Please rate and review your purchase
/rɪ'vju:/ (v) cuốn sách/vở kịch/bộ phim/sản phẩm on our website.
...
kiểm tra hoặc xem xét lại cái gì đó After reviewing the evidence, the judge
 một cách cẩn thận (đặc biệt là để dismissed the case.
quyết định xem có cần thiết phải thay
đổi điều gì không)
~ reassess /,ri:ə'ses/ (v)
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. Before buying an antique, examine/judge it closely to avoid buying a fake.
2. Safety procedures are being urgently reviewed/judged after a chemical leak at the factory.
3. Interviews allow you to review/assess the suitability of candidates.
4. It’s not for me to judge/examine whether he made the right decision or not.
5. Researchers evaluated/examined teaching performance by comparing students' exam results.
6. After judging/reassessing the situation, she decided to do nothing.
7. As well as being an author, Jane examines/reviews books for the Sunday papers.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
8. I only go to see movies that are ______ favourably.
A. assessed B. evaluated C. examined D. reviewed
9. The video shows women how to ______ their breasts for cancer.
A. evaluate B. examine C. review D. judge
10. You should never ______ a person solely on their looks.
A. judge B. review C. examine D. evaluate
11. The doctor ______ her body carefully but could find nothing wrong.
A. examined B. judge C. reviewed D. assessed
12. The tests are used to ______ individual students' ability and knowledge.
A. review B. reassess C. assess D. lack
13. Candidates are ______ on their ability to think independently.
A. reviewed B. examined C. reassessed D. evaluated

69. ĐẶC ĐIỂM

đặc điểm quan trọng, hấp dẫn, - An interesting feature of the city is the
feature
thú vị của một nơi, một thứ gì old market.
/'fi:.tʃə/
đó - Which features do you look for when
(n)
choosing a car?
một đặc điểm, phẩm chất cụ - His sense of humour is one of his better
trait
thể trong tính cách của bạn, cái traits.
/treɪt/
mà tạo ra một hành vi cụ thể - Arrogance is a very unattractive
(n)
personality/character trait.
đặc điểm nổi bật, đặc trưng mà - Patience is not a characteristic we
characteristic
ai, cái gì đó sở hữu phân biệt associate with Bryan.
/,ker.ək.tə'rɪ s.tɪk/
họ, chúng với những loại khác - Being tall is a typical characteristic of
(n)
Montenegrans.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. We do not know which behavioural features/traits are inherited and which acquired.
2. Teamwork is a key feature/trait of the training programme.
3. Mobility is the defining trait/characteristic of modern life.
4. The town's main features/characteristics are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.
5. She shares several character features/traits with her father.
6. His melodies have distinguishing features/characteristics which make them instantly identifiable.
7. Our latest model of phone has several new traits/features.

70. EM BÉ
baby một đứa trẻ còn rất nhỏ chưa biết nói - Sandra had a baby (=gave birth to it)
/'beɪ.bi/ hoặc chưa biết đi, từ 0 đến 18 tháng on 29 May.
(n) tuổi - a six-week-old baby
một đứa trẻ nhỏ, đặc biệt là một đứa - Marian 's two-year-old toddler was
toddler trẻ đang học hoặc mới tập đi, khoảng clawing at her skirt.
/'tɑ:d.lə/ từ 1 đến 3 tuổi - Think of the toddler learning to walk
(n) and how often he falls down only to pick
himself up and try again.
child một đứa trẻ từ khi chúng được sinh - Jan is married with three young
/ʧaɪld/ ra cho đến khi chúng khoảng 14 tuổi children.
(n) (vẫn chưa trưởng thành) - an eight-year-old child
trẻ em, người chưa trưởng thành, có - I remember reading with my
kid
nghĩa tương tự với "child" nhưng grandmother as a young kid of 6.
/kɪd/
được sử dụng nhiều hơn trong văn - He took the kids to the park while I
(n) nói không trang trọng was working.
một đứa trẻ ở trường trong độ tuổi - The majority of infant teachers are
infant
từ bốn đến bảy (ở Anh và xứ Wales), women.
/'in.fənt/
em bé còn rất nhỏ (Bắc Mĩ) (khoảng - I've known her since we were in the
(n) 3-12 tháng) infants.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. She was left at home with a toddler/baby and a four-month-old toddler/baby to care for.
2. All children/infants under the age of 11 were given free admission.
3. Mary used to be a teacher at a(n) baby/infant school where students are from four to seven years
old.
4. He's only a kid/baby. You can't expect him to understand what's going on.
5. You have to walk as slowly and carefully as a(n) infant/toddler.
6. Their first baby/toddler arrived exactly nine months after the wedding.
7. Child/Infant soldiers were used by all sides during the 14-year civil war.

71. GẦN
near gần về khoảng cách - His house is very near.
/nɪə(r)/ (adj) - Wales may be a near neighbour
but its history is quite distinct.
một thời gian ngắn nữa trong tương The conflict is unlikely to be resolved
lai: gần/cận in the near future (= very soon).
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] Only the nearest relatives were
near relative/relation mối quan hệ present at the funeral.
trong gia đình gần (như bố hoặc mẹ):
 gần, (người) thân
[thường đứng trước danh từ] gần về - We walked to a nearby park.
nearby
vị trí; không xa - At a nearby table a man was
/,nɪə'baɪ/ (adj)
complaining in a loud voice.
liền, gần kề, sát ngay cạnh - We stayed in adjacent rooms.
adjacent
- Our farmland was adjacent to the
/ə'dʒeɪsnt/ (adj)
river.
[không thường đứng trước danh từ] - Our new house is close to the
gần về không gian và thời gian school.
~ near - We all have to work in close
proximity (= near each other).
- The children are close to each
close
other in age.
/kɪəʊs/ (adj)
biết rất rõ về ai đó và rất quý họ: gần - Jo is a very close friend.
gũi, thân thiết; gần trong mối quan hệ - She is very close to her father.
gia đình: họ hàng gần - close relatives, such as your
>< distant /'distənt/ (adj) mother and father, and brothers and
sisters
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] sống/nằm ở - a neighbouring house
vị trí gần hoặc bên cạnh một ai đó/nơi - neighbouring towns
neighbouring nào đó - a neighbouring farmer
/'neɪbərɪŋ/ (adj) - The fair attracted hundreds of
people from the neighbouring
towns and villages.
gần một nơi cụ thể nào đó; dễ - The office is just five minutes
dàng đi đến (nếu bạn dùng from the station, so it’s very
convenient để miêu tả một nơi convenient.
nào đó, điều đó có nghĩa là bạn - Our new house is very
hài lòng vì nơi đó gần chỗ bạn convenient for/to (= near to)
convenient hoặc có thể là vì bạn có thể đi the kids’s chool.
/kən'vi:niənt/ (adj) đến một nơi khác từ chỗ đó - Martin drove along until he
một cách nhanh chóng và dễ found a convenient parking
dàng) place.
convenient for something
(British English) convenient to
something (American English)
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. He sat in a(n) close/adjacent room and waited.
2. Rwanda is to hold talks with leaders of neighbouring/convenient countries next week.
3. We can meet at the pub or in the restaurant, whichever is more adjacent/nearer for you.
4. The tables were too close/neighbouring together.
5. Working memory refers to the brain's ability to remember things in the short or close/near term.
6. The groom and his close/nearby family took their places.
7. Only adjacent/near relatives were invited to the wedding.
8. The town is well placed for easy access to London and adjacent/convenient for Heathrow Airport.
9. There were complaints from convenient/nearby residents.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
10. The schools were ______ but there were separate doors.
A. neighbouring B. adjacent C. nearby D. close
11. If you need to buy bread and milk, the ______ shop is about a mile away.
A. most adjacent B. most neighbouring C. closest D. most distant
12. The hotel is very ______ for the station - it’s only a two-minute walk.
A. nearby B. adjacent C. neighbouring D. convenient
13. He and his sister were ______ and her death affected him so strongly that friends initially feared
for his own mental health.
A. close B. near C. convenient D. adjacent
14. Frustrated, she kicked a ______ trashcan until its contents spilled to the linoleum floor.
A. convenient B. distant C. nearby D. close
15. Now children who have lost a parent or a(n) ______ family member are being offered the chance
to meet up with others who understand their suffering.
A. nearby B. close C. neighbouring D. adjacent
16. We are pleased to offer to the market this terraced house, ______ for access to all local amenities
and transport links.
A. convenient B. neighbouring C. adjacent D. nearby
17. Gardens and trees could be seen along the railway and highway, in contrast to the vast desert in
the ______ distance.
A. nearby B. adjacent C. near D. neighbouring
18. A few people, almost invariably working in ______ proximity to birds, have been infected and
become seriously ill.
A. nearby B. close C. neighbouring D. adjacent
19. At a meeting of this committee recently, some proposals were made and are expected to be
carried out in the ______ future.
A. nearby B. adjacent C. close D. near
20. Their birthdays are very ______ together.
A. close B. neighbouring C. adjacent D. near
21. So what if the ______ and dear relatives are not able to attend the wedding ceremony?
A. nearby B. near C. neighbouring D. adjacent

72. GẦY, MẢNH MAI

[mang tính khen ngợi] (miêu tả một con - dieters who get slim using these
người hoặc cơ thể của họ) mảnh dẻ, methods
slim mảnh khảnh, thon nhưng mà hấp dẫn - long, slender fingers
/slɪm/ (adj) ~ slender /'slendə(r)/ (adj) gầy và yếu
một cách hấp dẫn hoặc duyên dáng
(thường dùng trong văn học)
slight nhỏ, thấp, gầy, yếu, mảnh khảnh She looked very slight, almost
/slaɪt/ (adj) fragile.
[thỉnh thoảng mang nghĩa tiêu cực hoặc The old horse was painfully thin.
thin xúc phạm] (miêu tả người/một bộ phận
/θɪn/ (adj) của cơ thể/động vật) không có nhiều mỡ
hoặc cơ bắp: gầy
lean [mang nghĩa khen ngợi] (miêu tả người, He has a lean, muscular body.
 đặc biệt là đàn ông hoặc động vật) không
/li:n/ (adj)
có mỡ thừa; gầy và cân đối, khỏe mạnh
[thường mang nghĩa chê/tiêu cực] rất Some supermodels are far too
skinny
gầy, đặc biệt là bạn thấy xấu/không hấp skinny.
/'skɪni/ (adj)
dẫn/gây khó chịu
frail gầy và yếu về mặt thể chất (đặc biệt là His frail hands were shaking.
/freɪl/ (adj) người già)
delicate không khoẻ mạnh và dễ bị ốm She was physically delicate and
/'delɪkət/ psychologically unstable.
(adj)
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. You obviously know the value of being fit and thin/slim, so you should be delighted your wife is
aiming for that.
2. He appeared to find his slight/lean build a disadvantage and failed to become a professional
basketball player.
3. You should eat more - you're too skinny/slim.
4. Like most athletes, she was lean/thin and muscular.
5. Jane has been ill for months. She looks pale and lean/thin now.
6. You look great in those jeans. They make you look very skinny/slender.
7. His health has always been lean/delicate.
8. His grandmother is becoming too slim/frail to live alone.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
9. I am often complimented on my ______, healthy body.
A. slight B. slim C. skinny D. thin
10. He has a ______ constitution and has to be careful with what he eats.
A. slim B. delicate C. slender D. lean
11. Emma looked very ill the last time we met. Did you notice how ______ her wrists were?
A. thin B. lean C. slim D. slender
12. We are bombarded with images of elderly people being ______ and sickly.
A. lean B. slim C. slender D. frail
13. Why had he not noticed before her long ______ legs and strong arms? They were very attractive.
A. slight B. thin C. slim D. skinny
14. At seventy-two my grandfather was ______ and strong and I expected him to live forever.
A. thin B. slight C. skinny D. lean
15. She was beautiful and attractive: tall and ______, effortlessly and unselfconsciously elegant, even
in her muddy farm clothes.
A. skinny B. thin C. slight D. slender
16. In his old age, his health became increasingly ______.
A. lean B. slim C. frail D. skinny
17. By the time Sophia recovered, she had been ______ than ever, having been rationed to only an
apple a day.
A. skinner B. leaner C. slimmer D. slenderer

73. GIẢ VỜ
pretend [nội động từ] cư xử một cách đặc biệt để - The children pretended (that) they
khiến ai đó tin vào một điều không đúng were dinosaurs.
 sự thực: giả vờ; tuyên bố rằng điều gì đó - I can't pretend I understand these
là đúng nhưng thực ra lại không phải technical terms. (= I admit I do not
/prɪ'tend/ như vậy understand them.)
(v) [ngoại động từ] giả vờ một điều gì đó She pretended an interest she did not
(cảm giác/cảm xúc/phẩm chất...) feel.
~ simulate
[nội động từ, mang nghĩa chê/xúc phạm] Rob doesn't really know a thing
ăn mặc hoặc hành xử như thể là một ai about the theatre - he's just posing!
đó hoặc có những phẩm chất nào đó để
pose
khiến người khác chú ý hoặc ngưỡng mộ
/pəuz/ (v)
[nội động từ] giả vờ là ai đó để nhằm The gang entered the building posing
mục đích lừa ai (có thể là có ý tốt hoặc ý as workmen.
đồ xấu) *pose as somebody
simulate giả vờ là bạn có một cảm xúc nào đó I tried to simulate surprise at the
/'sɪmjuleɪt/ news.
(v)
bắt chước/phỏng theo ai đó/thứ gì đó Art imitates Nature.
imitate
/'ɪmɪteɪt/ bắt chước cách ai đó nói hoặc hành xử She knew that the girls used to
để nhằm mục đích gây cười imitate her and laugh at her behind
(v)
her back.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. Will tried to simulate/pose emotions so that Ann would not become too suspicious.
2. He isn't really angry - He’s just imitating/pretending to be.
3. Jane likes to appear as if she knows all about the latest films and art exhibitions, but she’s just
simulating/posing.
4. They produce artificial chemicals which exactly imitate/pose particular natural ones.
5. He tried to simulate/imitate my Scots accent and we both laughed.
6. The shop assistant watched in shock as a thief posing/pretending as a customer grabbed money
from the till before running off.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
7. Some of the younger pop bands try to ______ their musical heroes from the past.
A. pose B. simulate C. imitate D. pretend
8. The good thing about a BlackBerry is you can read a message and ______ that you haven’t seen it.
A. pretend B. imitate C. pose D. simulate
9. It’s not easy to ______ inner confidence while on national television, but it won’t hurt to try.
A. imitate B. pose C. simulate D. falsify
10. Police are appealing for witnesses after two people ______ as social workers tried to get into a
house in Leigh.
A. simulating B. pretending C. imitating D. posing
11. I also became renowned in school for ______ famous singers, using an imaginary microphone,
flinging my hair around and dancing and singing and pursing my lips.
A. imitating B. simulating C. posing D. pretending
12. Some people like to drive kit cars, but most just like to ______ in them.
A. pretend B. pose C. simulate D. imitate
13. Undercover cops set up a stall and ______ as market traders to catch a gang of mobile phone
thieves.
A. pretended B. simulated C. imitated D. posed
14. Her father stands, moves over to the curtains, opens them slightly and ______ some interest
outside as a distraction to her question.
A. falsifies B. pretends C. poses D. imitates
15. The spaces are designed to make the visitor feel disoriented, to ______ the feeling of those who
were exiled.
A. simulate B. pose C. imitate D. pretend
16. I’m starting to think she's just plain dumb and not the conservative intellectual she ______ to be.
A. poses B. imitates C. pretends D. simulates

74. GIÁ, GIÁ TRỊ

- giá bán, số tiền bạn phải trả để mua - House prices have been falling.
price một thứ gì đó - We thought they were asking a very
/praɪs/ - cái giá (cái phải làm, cái phải trải high/low price.
(n) qua để giữ được, có được cái gì) - His success came at a high price.
(nghĩa bóng)
- chi phí để làm ra sản phẩm, dịch vụ - A new computer system has been
hoặc giá phải trả cho sản phẩm dịch installed at a cost of £80 000.
vụ - The total cost to you is £3 000.
cost
- nỗ lực, mất mát hoặc thiệt hại liên - We did not even make enough money
/kɑ:st/ quan để làm hoặc đạt được điều gì to cover the cost of the food.
(n) đó, sự phung phí (thời giờ, sức lực...,) - She saved him from the fire at the cost
(nghĩa bóng) of her own life (= she died).
- at (a) cost to something
- giá trị, số tiền có thể nhận được cho - What is the value of the prize?
value một thứ gì đó - The value of the shares has continued
/'vælju:/ - giá trị về mặt tinh thần, tầm quan to fall.
(n) trọng của cái gì (nghĩa bóng) - They are known to place/put/set a
high value on good presentation.
- giá trị định giá của sản phẩm, dịch - £20, $100, etc. worth of something
vụ (thường là sẽ nêu luôn giá cụ thể - The winner will receive fifty pounds'
worth
hoặc chung chung của nó) worth of books.
/wɜ:rθ/
- giá trị tài chính, thực tiễn hoặc - The activities help children to develop a
(n)
phẩm chất của ai đó/cái gì đó (nghĩa sense of their own worth.
bóng)

Circle the word which best fits the sentence.

1. These figures show the total cost/price of the project including staff salaries.
2. The restaurant charges shockingly high prices/values for its food.
3. $4 million value/worth of souvenirs and gift items have been produced for the event.
4. The cost/value of the painting has been put at £1 million.
5. He worked non-stop for three months, at considerable cost/price to his health.
6. For them, the house's main price/value lay in its quiet country location.

Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.

7. There are a couple of shops in town which sell nice clothes at affordable ______.
A. worth B. costs C. prices D. values
8. In most families, two salaries are essential to cover the ______ of raising a family.
A. value B. price C. worth D. cost
9. The fire destroyed millions of pounds’ ______ of equipment.
A. worth B. price C. cost D. value
10. Property ______ have fallen since the plans for the airport were published.
A. costs B. worth C. values D. prices
11. He proved his ______ to the team by scoring two goals in the final.
A. value B. worth C. price D. cost

75. GIAI ĐOẠN

duration một khoảng thời gian mà một điều gì đó The school was used as a hospital for
/dju'reɪʃn/ kéo dài hoặc tồn tại the duration of the war.
(n) [U]
một khoảng thời gian mà bạn làm việc ở He has just finished a stint of
stint
một nơi hoặc thực hiện một hoạt động compulsory military service.
/stɪnt/ (n)
đặc biệt nào đó
phase một giai đoạn trong một quá trình thay We’re entering a new phase in
/feɪz/ (n) đổi hoặc phát triển international relations.
span một khoảng thời gian giữa hai ngày/sự - The batteries had a life span of six
/spæn/ kiện ... mà lúc đó một việc gì đó tồn tại, hours.
(n) kéo dài, hoặc xảy ra - James has a short attention span.
một khoảng thời gian cụ thể The study will be carried out over a six-
period month period.
/'pɪəriəd/ một khoảng thời gian trong cuộc đời của a dark period in the country’s history
(n) một ai đó hoặc trong lịch sử của một
quốc gia
stretch một khoảng thời gian liên tục/không dứt a stretch of three weeks without
/stretʃ/ sunshine
(n) [C]
stage [C] một giai đoạn hoặc một trạng thái mà This technology is still in its early
/steɪdʒ/ điều gì/ai đó trải qua trong khi đang phát stages.
(n) triển hoặc đang tiến triển
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. There will be a reduced bus service over the Christmas period/span.
2. I worked with Patrick several times over a phase/span of six years.
3. The old lady rarely sleeps for eight hours at a stint/stretch.
4. He was given the task of protecting her for the duration/stint of the trial.
5. Ms. Rose’s career has included a 17-year stint/span working for M&S as a manager.
6. A new version is in the final stints/stages of testing.
7. The wedding marked the beginning of a new phase/duration in Emma’s life.
8. Jane doesn't leave the house for long phases/stretches of time when she's stressed and depressed.
9. Most teenagers go through a stint/period of rebelling.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
10. Over a ______ of just three years, the new government has transformed the country's economic
prospects.
A. phase B. span C. stint D. stretch
11. She’s reached a crucial ______ in her career.
A. stint B. stretch C. span D. stage
12. She used to read for hours at a ______.
A. period B. phase C. stretch D. duration
13. Public spending was cut during his ______ of office.
A. stint B. stretch C. phase D. period
14. As Maria discovered, all butterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis, which means
they move through four very different ______: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
A. phases B. periods C. durations D. stints
15. His early career included floor managing ______ with the BBC and Granada, and he worked on
the first series of Till Death Us Do Part in the mid-1960s.
A. phases B. stints C. stretches D. durations
16. Economists and historians regard a reduction in real wages as one of the distinguishing features
of the modern ______.
A. span B. duration C. period D. phase
17. Consumers will buy tickets on bankrupt airlines because their relationship with the carrier lasts
only for the short ______ of the flight.
A. stint B. phase C. duration D. stretch
18. Their youngest child is at the ______ where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. span B. stage C. stretch D. stint
19. He left abruptly for Switzerland, where he spent the ______ of the war.
A. duration B. phase C. stint D. period
20. The building project marks a new ______ in the town’s development.
A. stint B. span C. stretch D. phase
21. Her most productive period was her five-year ______ as a foreign correspondent in New York.
A. stint B. stage C. phase D. duration

76. GIẢI TRÍ

thời gian mà bạn không làm việc hoặc học tập; Make the most of your
thời gian rỗi leisure time!
các hoạt động mà bạn thích làm trong thời - leisure activities
gian rỗi - leisure pursuits
leisure
/'leʒə(r)/ (n) [U] - public parks and
leisure facilities
- the leisure industry (=
the business of providing
leisure activities)
recreation [U] việc mà mọi người làm gì đó để giải - the increasing use of
/,rekri'eɪʃn/ (n) trí/tiêu khiển khi họ không làm việc: sự giải land for recreation
trí, sự tiêu khiển - the need to improve
facilities for leisure and
recreation
[C] một hoạt động cụ thể nào đó mà ai đó làm His recreations
 khi họ không làm việc: trò tiêu khiển, trò giải include golf, football,
trí and shooting.
~ hobby /'hɒbi/ (n)
~ pastime /'pɑ:staɪm/ (n)
[U, C] phim/âm nhạc/kịch/chương trình ti - the entertainment
vi/các hoạt động biểu diễn ... được dùng để industry/business
entertainment /,entə't cho con người giải trí; một ví dụ của loại này - This film is good family
eɪnmənt/ entertainment.
(n) [U] hành động cung cấp cái gì cho ai để làm họ Ladies and gentlemen,
hứng thú hoặc làm họ cười for your entertainment,
we present Magic Man.
[C, U] trò chơi/hoạt động/... mang lại sự giải - traditional seaside
trí/tiêu khiển và niềm vui: trò giải trí, trò tiêu amusements including
khiển boats, go- karts and a
funfair
amusement
- She disapproved of
/ə'mju:zmənt/
popular amusements
(n) such as fairs.
[U] việc được giải trí/tiêu khiển bởi điều gì/cái What do you do for
gì: sự giải trí amusement around
here?
[U, C] (rather formal) một cách để nghỉ ngơi - a chance for relaxation
hoặc tận hưởng; thời gian để dành cho việc from work
nghỉ ngơi và tận hưởng - I listen to music for
relaxation *cả recreation và relaxation đều dùng cho các relaxation.
/,rɪ:læk'seɪʃn/ (n) hoạt động tiêu khiển/giải trí, cả thể chất và
tinh thần. Nhưng relaxation thỉnh thoảng
được sử dụng cho các hoạt động nhẹ nhàng
hơn recreation.
[C] (rather formal) một hoạt động được thực - The city is full of
hiện để giải trí, đặc biệt là bởi vì nó khiến bạn diversions.
diversion
chuyển sự tập trung chú ý từ một thứ khác - The party will make a
/daɪ'vɜ:ʃn/ (n) đến nó pleasant diversion.
~ distraction /dɪ'strækʃn/ (n)
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. In the summer, the most popular forms of relaxation/composure are trips to the beach and picnics
in the countryside, where they roast meat and vegetables over open fires.
2. TV provided a welcome leisure/diversion from our routine.
3. There was a range of fairground hobbies/amusements, including rides, stalls, and competitions.
4. Throughout the year, the park transforms with themed food and drink kiosks, festive décor,
limited-edition merchandise, and plenty of live pastime/entertainment.
5. Many people in the UK now enjoy shorter working hours and more diversion/leisure time.
6. Several games were provided for the education and amusement/hobby of the children.
7. Folk dances are for recreation/inactivity and enjoyment and are often at the centre of seasonal
celebrations and social events.
8. The weekend will be a real family outing with lots of entertainment/occupation and amusements
for children.
9. Educated at Oxford and Cambridge, he lists his games/recreations in Who’s Who as photography,
gardening, and horseracing.
10. The hotel offers various leisure/diversion facilities such as a swimming pool and sauna.
Circle the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in
each of the following questions.
11. Hiking is one of my favourite diversions.
A. recreations B. limitations C. preferences D. alternatives
12. They spend much of their leisure time with their grandchildren.
A. travelling time B. waiting time C. spare time D. lead time
13. Her favourite forms of relaxation were reading detective novels and listening to classical music.
A. attention B. recreation C. ease D. composure
14. His favourite recreations are watching movies and playing board games.
A. hobbies B. restorations C. refreshments D. plays
15. These days we have increased opportunities for leisure.
A. vacation B. holiday C. break D. recreation
16. The fields next to the school are used for recreation.
A. joy B. delight C. amusement D. privilege
17. For beauty lovers, being able to identify a product based on its colour, shape, and size alone is a
form of entertainment in its own right.
A. amusement B. performance C. staging D. presentation
18. I’m reading this novel for amusement.
A. enlightenment B. preparation C. entertainment D. experience
19. The festival will be augmented by plenty of entertainments: dragon racing, an exhibition of cars,
and a French market.
A. hobbies B. amusements C. pastimes D. recreations

77. GIẢM XUỐNG

[nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn về kích - Fertility decreases with age.
decrease
cỡ, số lượng,...; - People should decrease the amount of
/dɪ'kri:s/
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì đó trở fat they eat.
(v)
nên nhỏ hơn về kích cỡ, sổ lượng,...

decline [nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn, ít Support for the party continues to
hơn, yếu hơn,... (dùng với lượng decline.
/dɪ'klaɪn/
hoặc các con số hoặc nói về mức độ
(v) hoặc tiêu chuẩn của cái gì)
reduce [nội động từ, ngoại động từ] làm cho The number of employees was reduced
/rɪ'dju:s/ cái gì/trở nên ít đi hoặc nhỏ hơn về from 40 to 25.
(v) kích cỡ, số lượng, giá cả,...
[nội động từ] trở nên nhỏ hơn, yếu - His influence has diminished with time.
hơn,...: giảm, giảm bớt - A single-payer system would diminish
diminish
[ngoại động từ] làm cho cái gì đó trở the bureaucratic cost of health care.
/dɪ'mɪnɪʃ/ (v)
nên nhỏ hơn, yếu hơn,...
~ decrease
lower [ngoại động từ] giảm cái gì/điều gì; - Please lower your voice.
/'ləʊə(r)/ [nội động từ] trở nên thấp hơn về giá - Interest rates have been lowered
(v) trị, chất lượng,... again.
 [nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên - The noise began to lessen.
lessen hoặc làm cho cái gì đó/điều gì đó nhỏ - A healthy diet can lessen the risk of
/'lesn/ (v) hơn, yếu hơn, kém quan trọng hơn,... heart disease.
~ diminish
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] trở nên - The temperature has dropped
drop hoặc làm cho cái gì/điều gì yếu hơn, considerably.
/drop/ (v) thấp hơn (giá cả/nhiệt độ ...), ít đi,...: - You must drop your speed in built-up
sụt, giảm, hạ areas.
[ngoại động từ, ngoại động từ, Food supplies were severely depleted.
thường dùng ở dạng bị động] giảm
deplete cái gì đó với số lượng lớn nên không
/dɪ'pli:t/ (v) còn nhiều; bị giảm với số lượng lớn
(thường nói về nguồn cung cấp năng
lượng, tiền bạc, thực phẩm,...)
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. This drug is used to decrease/lower blood pressure.
2. Intensive fishing is depleting/lessening fish stocks in the North Sea.
3. The practice actually saved the school money by decreasing/declining the garbage-disposal
expenses.
4. When blood pressure drops/depletes or declines, less blood flows to the brain, leading to fainting.
5. Her popularity as a singer has depleted/diminished since the glory days of the 2000s.
6. Too many background details tend to drop/lessen the impact of the central image.
7. The rate of car exhaust suicides in the United States has lessened/declined since the mid-sixties,
when emission controls were introduced.
8. They will require car makers to reduce/decline emissions of carbon dioxide by 30%.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
9. The strength of the army was greatly ______ by outbreaks of disease.
A. dropped B. declined C. diminished D. depleted
10. If we continue to ______ the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the
environment.
A. lower B. deplete C. decline D. drop
11. She ______ her voice, turned back to Alex, and put a hand on his shoulder.
A. lowered B. decreased C. depleted D. lessened
12. Symptoms include a dry mouth, ______ appetite, headache, and tiredness.
A. depleted B. lessened C. dropped D. decreased
13. The temperature rarely ______ below 30°C here during summer.
A. diminishes B. lessens C. drops D. depletes
14. The drug ______ cholesterol levels by binding fats in the intestine.
A. declines B. lowers C. depletes D. softens

78. GIẾT NGƯỜI

[U, C] tội giết người một cách có chủ - murders committed by terrorists
murder đích - to commit a murder
/'mɜ:də(r)/ (n) ~ homicide /'hɒmɪsaɪd/(n) [U,C]
~ killing /'kɪlɪŋ/ (n) [U, C]
manslaughter [U, C] tội giết người không cố ý (ngộ The charge has been reduced to
 /'mænslɔɪtə(r)/ sát) manslaughter.
(n)
việc giết rất nhiều người cùng một the slaughter of innocent people
lúc một cách rất tàn bạo và bất công
slaughter
(đặc biệt là trong chiến tranh): sự
/'slɔ:tə(r)/ (n) tàn sát
~ massacre /'mæsəkə(r)/ (n) [U, C]
execution [U, C] sự hành hình, sự thi hành án If caught, the men could face
/,eksɪ'kju:ʃn/ tử hình execution.
(n)
assassination [U, C] việc giết một nhân vật nổi the assassination of John F.
/ə,sæsɪ'neɪʃn/ tiếng hoặc quan trọng (đặc biệt là vì Kennedy
(n) lý do chính trị): ám sát
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. The president survived several assassination/execution attempts.
2. Hardly anyone in the town escaped the manslaughter/slaughter when the rebels were defeated.
3. Now James is dead. They had wished him dead, but that did not make them guilty of
slaughter/murder.
4. A judge accepted his plea that he was guilty of manslaughter/homicide, not murder.
5. He faced execution/assassination by hanging for murder.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
6. In medieval days, ______ by poisoning was common enough to alarm many a king, and protection
was sought in the form of prayers, food tasters, and science.
A. assassination B. manslaughter C. slaughter D. execution
7. He was convicted of ______ for driving while drunk and killing three people.
A. slaughter B. assassination C. manslaughter D. execution
8. More than 24 hours after the bombing, which was claimed by Islamic State’s affiliate in
Afghanistan, the full measure of the ______ was still unclear.
A. slaughter B. execution C. manslaughter D. assassination
9. He didn’t kill his wife in a moment of anger - it was cold-blooded ______.
A. manslaughter B. slaughter C. assassination D. murder
10. He has been convicted of murder and is waiting ______ on death row.
A. assassination B. manslaughter C. execution D. homicide
11. He’ll be charged with ______ if he did not hurt her deliberately. But if they can prove otherwise -
that he hurt her on purpose - he’ll be charged with murder.
A. killing B. manslaughter C. homicide D. slaughter
12. It was the scene of a failed ______ attempt on the royal couple at a charity concert 9 years ago.
A. execution B. assassination C. homicide D. manslaughter
13. Flowers were laid to commemorate the anniversary of the ______ of John Lennon.
A. manslaughter B. slaughter C. assassination D. execution
14. I think he should get a life sentence because ______ will be too merciful for him.
A. assassination B. slaughter C. murder D. execution
15. A(n) ______ investigation is underway after a woman’s body was found in a tunnel.
A. murder B. assassination C. slaughter D. execution
 79. GIỚI HẠN
[ngoại động từ] ngăn không cho cái gì It's really important to limit the
tăng vượt quá một mức độ/hạn mức amount of fat in your diet.
limit /'lɪmɪt/ (v) nhất định
~ restrict limit somebody/yourself limit - I've limited myself to 1000 calories
/rɪ'strɪkt/ somebody/yourself to something a day to try and lose weight.
(v) ngăn không cho bản thân bạn/ai đó - You can use any material available
có/sử dụng/làm việc gì mà vượt quá một - why limit yourself?
số lượng/mức độ cụ thể
[thường dùng ở dạng bị động] giữ cho - Let's confine our attention to the
confine bản thân/điều gì ở trong một giới hạn problem of illegal drugs.
/kən'faɪn/ nhất định về hoạt động/chủ đề/khu - The work will be confined to the
[v] vực/... Glasgow area.
~ restrict
[ngoại động từ] ngăn không cho điều gì The government is taking steps to
restrain tăng trưởng/tăng quá nhiều; hạn chế sự restrain inflation.
/rɪ'streɪn/ tăng trưởng/phát triển của điều gì
[v] ~ bring/get/keep something under
control
hạn chế/giới hạn điều gì hoặc làm cho nó - Expenditure within the company is
control
xảy ra theo một cách cụ thể nào đó tightly controlled.
/kən'trəʊl/
- Parents should control what their
(v)
kids watch on television.

Circle the word which best fits the sentence.

1. Higher interest rates appear to be confining/restraining consumer spending.
2. In many countries, the production of the drug is illegal or tightly controlled/confined.
3. She was told to restrict/restrain the amount of salt she uses.
4. The new law confines/limits the number of foreign cars that can be imported.
5. In the 1970s, the government tried to restrain/confine corruption.
6. Let’s restrain/confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
7. Place numbers are restrained/limited to 50 on both tours, so please book early.
8. Speed is restricted/restrained to 30 mph in towns.
9. The government has announced new measures to confine/control immigration.
10. By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine/restrain the disease to the north of the
region (= stop it from spreading to other areas).
11. A lack of formal education will limit/restrain your job opportunities.
12. The economy has rebounded a bit, but it is still being confined/restrained by high oil prices.
13. They tried to improve traffic congestion by restraining/restricting entry to the city.
14. Some shops were limiting/controlling customers to two loaves of bread each.
15. A weak labour market means less money to spend on goods and services and thus
confine/restrain economic growth.
16. Time out is an effective way of controlling/restraining aggressive behaviour.
17. These small mammals are generally restrained/confined to the south of the island. We've never
found any in the other parts of the island.
 80. GIỐNG NHAU
giống nhau hoàn toàn, không khác - Our children go to the same school as
same một tí nào (khi so sánh người hay theirs.
/seɪm/ (adj) vật với nhau ta dùng "the same") - My twin sister and I have the same
nose.
like giống như (dùng để so sánh), có thể - She's wearing a dress like mine.
/laɪk/ xem giới từ "like" đồng nghĩa với - She looks nothing like (= not at all
(pre) "similar to" like) her mother.
(không đứng trước danh từ) theo - They tried to treat all their children
alike
một cách rất giống nhau, rất giống alike.
/ə'laɪk/ (adv/adj) nhau - Airports are all alike to me
giống ai đó / cái gì đó nhưng không - The two houses are similar in size.
similar
hoàn toàn giống nhau, tương tự - My teaching style is similar to that of
/'sɪmələr/ (adj)
most other teachers.
giống nhau đến từng chi tiết, giống - The two pictures are similar, although
identical nhau hoàn toàn not identical.
/aɪ'dentɪkl/ (adj) - This house is almost identical to/with
the one where I lived as a child.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. I went and bought myself a new pen just same/like yours.
2. I noticed that Richard and I were both wearing the same/like jacket.
3. Frank had a problem connecting his printer. We had a same/similar problem, so it must be the
software.
4. She first showed us a beautiful 16th-century vase. Then she showed us an identical/alike one, but
the second one was a copy.
5. All the shops are alike/like, and it’s hard to find something different.
6. The disease attacks the immune system in a(n) identical/similar way to AIDS.
7. Like/Alike most people, I'd prefer to have enough money not to work.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
8. My father and I have ______ views on politics.
A. alike B. like C. identical D. similar
9. Everyone is a unique species because not everyone acts or thinks ______.
A. same B. alike C. similar D. identical
10. The name on the ticket should be ______ with the one in the passport.
A. similar B. like C. same D. identical
11. These two colours are not the ______. This one is slightly lighter than that one.
A. alike B. identical C. same D. similar
12. The blackbird, ______ most birds, breeds in the spring.
A. identical B. similar C. alike D. like