TÓM TẮT NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH

1. CẤU TRÚC CHUNG CỦA MỘT CÂY TRONG TIẾNG ANH :

Một câu trong Tiếng Anh bao gồm các thành phần sau

S + V + O (+ADV)
Ví dụ
S (SUBJECT) V (VERB) O (OBJECT) ADV (ADVERB)
John and I ate a pizza last night
We has studied english since last week
He runs very fast
I like walking
1.1 Subject (Chủ ngữ)
- Là chủ thể của hành động trong câu, thường đứng trước động từ (verb). Chủ ngữ
thường là 1 danh từ hoặc 1 cụm danh từ (1 nhóm từ kết thúc bằng 1 danh từ). Chủ ngữ
thường đứng ở đầu câu và quyết định việc chia động từ.
- Chú ý rằng mọi câu trong tiếng Anh đều có chủ ngữ ( Trong câu mệnh lệnh chủ ngữ
thường được ngầm hiểu là người nghe. Ví dụ: Don’t move = Đứng im)
- Ví dụ:
Milk is delicious.
That new red car is mine.
-Đôi khi câu không có chủ ngữ thật sự, trong trường hợp đó “It” hoặc “There” đóng vai
trò là chủ ngữ giả. Lúc này chủ ngữ không quyết định việc chia động từ, mà danh từ
đứng sau động từ quyết định việc chia động từ.
- Ví dụ:
It’s a nice day today.
There is a fire in that building.
There were many students in the room.
It is the fact that the earth goes round the sun.
1.2 Verb (Động từ)
- Là các từ chỉ hành động hoặc trạng thái cho chủ ngữ. Mọi câu đều phải có động từ. Nó
có thể là 1 động từ đơn hoặc 1 cụm động từ (là 1 nhóm từ gồm một hoặc nhiều trợ
động từ và một động từ chính)
- Ví dụ:
I love you. ( chỉ hành động)
Chilli is hot. ( chỉ trạng thái)
I have seen this movie three timres this year.
I am going to HCM city tomorrow.
1.3 Tân ngữ
- Tân ngữ là 1 cụm từ chỉ đối tượng tác động của chủ ngữ.
- Cũng giống như chủ ngữ, vị ngữ thường là danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ. Nhưng khác với
chủ ngữ thường đứng trước động từ thì tân ngữ thường đứng sau động từ.
- Không phải câu nào cũng cần có tân ngữ.
- Tân ngữ trả lời cho câu hỏi What và Whom.
- Ví dụ:
John bought a new car yesterday.
Jill wants to drink some milk.
She saw John at the movie theater last night.
1.4 ADV (Trạng từ)
- Trạng từ là từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm hoặc cách thức của hành động.
Không phải câu nào cũng có trạng từ.
- Thường là các cụm giới từ, phó từ hoặc 1 cụm phó từ.
- Chúng trả lời cho câu hỏi When? Where? How?
- Ví dụ:
John bought a new car in the morning.
Jill drove her car so fast.
She saw John at the movie theater.

LESSON 1: PARTS OF SPEECH

(VỊ TRÍ CỦA CÁC TỪ LOẠI TRONG TIẾNG ANH)
-------------------***-------------------
A. LÝ THUYẾT:
1. DANH TỪ (NOUN-N):
* Chức năng của danh từ
 Chức năng của danh từ Ví dụ
Chủ ngữ The seminar will end in few minutes.
Tân ngữ của động từ I enjoyed his presentation.
Tân ngữ của giới từ There are a lot of complaints from our customer.
Bổ ngữ He is the president.
* Danh từ có 2 loại: N-đếm được (N-đđ) và N-không đếm được (N-kđđ).
* Đặc điểm:
- N-đếm được (N-đđ) – không đứng 1 mình.
+ Bao gồm 2 loại: N-ít (k có “s”) và N-nhiều (có “s”).
+ Phải có A/AN/THE phía trước hoặc thêm “S” phía sau.
- N-không đếm được (N-kđđ): Không có A/AN/S – phải đứng 1 mình.
* Nhận biết (Hậu tố):
- Danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ion, -ment, -ism, -ity, -ness, -ance, -ence, -cy, -nse, -sis …
==> N chỉ vật.
- Danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: er, or, ee, st, ant,…
==> N-người ==> N-đđ ==> Có A/ AN/ THE phía trước hoặc thêm “S” phía sau.
* Lưu ý:
-1 số từ đuôi “al” là DANH TỪ: Potential: Tiềm năng, Removal: sự xóa bỏ, Renewal: sự đổi mới, làm
mới, Arrival: sự đến, Proposal: đề xuất, Approval: sự chấp thuận, Disposal: sự sắp xếp/sự bỏ đi,
Professional: chuyên gia, Individual: cá nhân…
- 1 số từ đuôi “ive” là DANH TỪ: (Sales) representatives: Người đại diện, Objective: Mục tiêu,
Initiative: bắt đầu/khởi đầu/sáng kiến, (Chief) Executive (Officer): người điều hành - CEO, Relatives: họ
hàng, liên hệ, Incentive: sự khuyến khích,…
- 1 số từ đuôi “ant” là DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƯỜI: Attendant: Người phục vụ, Participant: Người tham dự,
Accountant: Kế toán, Assistant: Trợ lý, Consultant: Nhà tư vấn, Applicant: Ứng viên,…
==> N-người ==> N-đđ ==> A/ AN/ THE/ “S”
-1 số danh từ không đếm được nên biết
Sand Money Information Physics
food news air Mathematics
meat Furniture economics Politics
Water Advice Advertising Equipment
-1 số cách thể hiện số từ trước danh từ đếm được và không đếm được

Trước danh từ đếm được Trước danh từ không đếm được

Every A few One of the Much A little Little
Each Few Both + Ns Less
Another Fewer A (the) number of + Ns
Some A range of + Ns
Many A veriety of + Ns
A lot of + Ns
*Vị trí của danh từ:
- Đứng đầu câu làm Chủ ngữ
- Đứng sau động từ làm tân ngữ
- Đứng sau giới từ làm tân ngữ’
- Đứng sau động từ tobe làm bổ ngữ
- Đứng sau mạo từ a, an , the
- Đứng sau các từ (cụm từ) chỉ số lượng
- Đứng sau tính từ
- Đứng sau tính từ sở hữu
- Đứng sau sở hữu cách
- Đứng sau danh từ khác tạo thành 1 cụm danh từ
- Đứng giữa từ hạn định và giới từ
- Đứng giữa giới từ và giới từ
B: BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH:
1. Despite several attempts to contact the ……… of the item, we have not received a single response so far.
A. manufacturer B. to manufacture C. manufacturing D. manufactured
2. While the engineering team’s _________ has improved, overall productivity has been in a noticeable decline for the
past three years
A. motivate B. motives C. motivational D. motivation
3. This year’s excellent _______ has earned our production plant renown in the company.
A. performed B. performable C. performance D. perform
4. Last week’s performance was judged to be a major ______ even though it received no local media coverage.
A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfulness
5. It is likely that ___ of the annual conference will reach an all-time high this year, with more than 1,000 people
planning to attend.
A. attendant B. attendance C. attended D. attendee
6. From looking at the __ on Hisaki Sugoiga’s résume, we assume that he will be an asset to our marketing team.
A. accomplished B. accomplishes C. accomplishments D. accomplishing
7. Customers must contact the ……… for all warranty and repair issues.
A. manufacturer B. manufacturing C. to manufacture D. manufactured
8. Spruce Theater’s latest play was produced in ……… with the director of the city’s summer arts program.
A. cooperated B. cooperatively C. cooperation D. cooperate
9. Ms. Morgan has made a ……… at the Minara Café for tomorrow’s lunch meeting.
A. reservations B. reservation C. reservable D. reserve
10. Mr. Williams’ application for ……… to the certification program was not submitted before the deadline.
A. admit B. admission C. admitted D. admitting
11. The ……… of the new supply requisiton process is to avoid duplicate orders.
A. intend B. intentional C. intention D. intentionlly
12. The builder send an ……… to the architectural firm for the costs of the materials needed for the building.
A. estimate B. estimates C. estimating D. estimated
13. Corsica is an undeniable paradise for ……… of sea and water sports, as well as for hiking.
A. enthusiasts B. enthusiastically C. enthusiastic D. enthused
14. Our monthly production capability is expected to grow, owing to the ……… of our own factories in China.
A. expand B. expands C. expansion D. expansive
15. The assembly line renovation project was completed ahead of time because of the dedication and the _______ of
team members.
A. reliant B. reliably C. rely D. reliability
16. The new photocopier purchased from Avis Supplies came with detailed _______.
A. instructor B. instructing C. instructions D. instructs
17. Da Vinci’s restaurant is famous for a wide __ of Italian dishes that are freshly made, but their prices are expensive.
A. variety B. various C. varied D. variously
18. The company also won a ……… for maintenance of the trains for the next seven years.
A. contract B. contracts C. contracted D. contracting
19. When the ……… for this new safety policy was under consideration by the managers, a number of experts
were asked for their comments.
A. proposing B. propose C. proposes D. proposal
20. Copies of this communication skills book are available for ……… to educators, students and employees all over
the country.
A. distributor B. distributing C. distributed D. distribution
21. Cable news program expect their _______ to travel to dangerous locations in order to capture the most
groundbreaking stories.
A. journal B. journals C. journalism D. journalists
22. The ……… has always been on ensuring a consistently high level of quality and outstanding service.
A. emphasized B. emphatic C. emphasis D. emphasize
23. Under the ……… of Dr. Veracini, Cascadia Chamicals Inc. has patented several formulas and signed some
lucrative contracts with other companies.
A. directs B. directed C. direction D. directly
24. The opening of the Prince Theater was considered a notable ………
A. success B. successes C. successive D. successively
25. The company requires all ______ for the job to have at least two years experience in computer programming.
A. applying B. applications C. applicants D. applies
26. Customer _______ is one of the most important factors in the hospitality industry.
A. satisfy B. satisfaction C. satisfactory D. satisfactorily
27. Executive is pleased to announce that internet access is now available in all ……… areas of the building.
A. publicize B. publicity C. publicly D. public
28. The directors of Montreal were pleased at the enthusiastic ……… to its call for voluntary community work.
A. responsive B. respond C. response D. responded
29. The hotel’s newly remodeled buffet has won mixed ……., mostly on the disappoited side.
A. Reviewer B. reviewed C. reviewing D. reviews
30. The effects of affordable housing ------- in rural areas will be discussed at the conference.
A. develops B.developing C. development D. develop
31. Dr. Braun will write _____ letters only for interns who master every task expected of a junior copy editor.
A. recommends B. recommendation C. recommended D. recommending
32. This letter serves as _____ that we have received and proceed your credit-card cancellation request.
A. confirm B. confirmed C. confirmable D. confirmation

2. TÍNH TỪ (ADJ):
*Chức năng
Chức năng Ví dụ
Bổ nghĩa cho danh từ She is a beautiful girl
Bổ nghĩa cho tân ngữ She make it more complicated
Bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ She is beautiful
* Vị trí:
Vị trí Ví dụ
Trước danh từ I have a new car
Sau link Verb: be/ become/ remain/ seem/ look/ This desk remains stable
feel/ ….
Sau tân ngữ (O) của các động từ: make, keep, find I found it really dificult to have a good job
Tính từ kết hợp với tính từ I bought a new red car yesterday
* Nhận biết (Hậu tố):
- Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, less, al, ble, ous, like, ic, ive, ent, ant…
==> ADJ gốc
- Ngoài ra còn có 2 loại ADJ: ADJ-Ving, V-ed (Khác ADJ gốc)
* Trong đáp án có ADJ-Ving, Ved, Gốc ==> Ưu tiên chọn ADJ-gốc (#Ving,V-ed)

3. TRẠNG TỪ (ADV):
* ADV = ADJ + LY
==> ADJ = ADV – LY (Trong đáp án không biết ADJ đâu thì lấy ADV bỏ đuôi “LY” đi)
* Chức năng
Chức năng Vị trí
Bổ nghĩa cho động từ
Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ She is extremely beautiful.
Bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ khác He can run extremely quickly
Bổ nghĩa cho cả câu Unfortunately, she failed the final exam
* Vị trí:
+ Trước ADJ: ADV + ADJ
+ Trước ADV: ADV + ADV
+ Trước hoặc sau V: (ADV) + V + (ADV)
+ Đứng đầu câu hoặc cuối câu ( bổ sung ý nghĩa cho cả câu):ADV, S+V
+ Sau tân ngữ của động từ thường: S+ V + O + ADV
+ Trước cụm danh từ bắt đầu bằng mạo từ a, an, the: ADV + A/AN/THE + N

DẠNG 2. Áp dụng CT công thức

+ BE + ADV + ADJ: Sau TO BE + ADJ và ADV bổ nghĩa cho ADJ
+ V + ADV1 + ADV2: ADV2 bổ nghĩa cho V và ADV1 bổ nghĩa cho ADV2
+ ADV + Ving/Ved/V3/Vnguyên thể/ADJ: Sau là Ving/Ved/V3/Vnguyên thể/ADJ ==> trc chọn ADV
1. Regulations have been enacted to ensure that labels on all medications are easily ………
A. understand B. understanding C. understandably D. understandable
2. The workers in this factory must examine extremely ……… before any repair work may begin on it
A. carefully B. careful C. care D. more carefully
3. The president of Inc. ……… announced that Davis, who has served the company for more than 30 years, would
retire at the end of next month.
A. regretting B. regretted C. regretfully D. regretful
4. ABC is ……… seeking a campany which has a consistently high level of quality and outstanding service.
A. urgently B. urgent C. urgented D. urgenting
5. Sign up to receive our free newsletter and you will ……… receive update notifications and other news
A. automatically B. automaticity C. automated D. automatic
6. The medications widely used for patients should be ……… evaluated for long-term use.
A. rigor B. rigors C. rigorous D. rigorously
7. The new management has ……… recognized the importance of this business decision
A. prompt B. promptness C. promptly D. prompter
8. After ……… interviewing more than fifty candidates for the position of Department manager
A. carefully B. to care C. most careful D. careful
9. Van is a leader in exploring agricultural innovations that are environmentally friendly and ……… beneficial.
A. economics B. economical C. economic D. economically
10. Road and street signs must be ……… visible even in the distance in order for drivers
A. clearness B. clear C. clearly D. clearest
11. Our experienced and skilled technicians can be of much help in the event that you ……… delete something
essential from the program.
A. accident B. accidental C. accidents D. accidentally
12. NDRC is the national authority that is in charge of setting guidance tariffs that are ……… implemented by the local
authorities.
A. subsequent B. subsequent to C. subsequently D. subsequence.
13. Our aim is to focus on customers’ needs and satisfaction by ……… introducing exceptional goods.
A. consist B. consistently C. consistent D. consisting
14. While smokers are highly ……… of the ban on smoking in workplaces, most non- smokers support the ban.
A. critic B. critically C. critical D. criticism
15. Mr. Garry Noxon in accounting was ……… warned about having to many numerical errors the budget report.
A. repeat B. repeatedly C. repeater D. repetition
16. Derek’s Sporting Goods now has over 400 stores ……… located in more than 40 states across the country.
A. convenience B. convenient C. conveniently D. conveniences
17. The application process is highly ……… with only 5% of applicants ultimately selected for positions.
A. competition B. competitive C. competitors D. competitively
18. The researchers conducted each survey to ……… verify the quality of their products
A. accurate B. accurately C. accuracy D. accuracies
19. The deparment head ……… approved the new layout for the company’s website.
A. enthusiasts B. enthusiastic C. enthusiasm D. enthusiastically
20. The design work of our new e-learning website was ……… aided by the talents of the two artists.
A. greater B. great C. greatly D. greatness
21. After ……… searching for assistance for the Marketing Department, we decided to choose ABC company.
A. carefully B. to care C. most careful D. careful
DẠNG 3: More/the most + ADJ/ADV. Chọn ADJ hay ADV phụ thuộc vào V đằng trước và gần MORE nhất. Chọn:
+ ADJ: Khi trc More/the most là be/become….
+ ADV: Khi trc More/the most là V-thường (là V# be/become)
1. Assessment can help you identify areas for improvement and ultimately help you realize your goals more ………
A. efficient B. efficiency C. efficiencies D. efficiently
2. You have to become more ……… with the rules and regulations before you start working here
A. familiarity B. familiar C. familiarize D. familiarly
3. It was unanimously agreed that Ms.Perkin’s proposal was the most ………
A. persuasive B. persuasively C. persuade D. persuasion
4. Because this years's prize money is larger than that of last year's, the contest has become more ………
A. competitions B. competitive C. compete D. competively
5. You have to begin more ……… with the rules and regulation before you start working hours
A. familiarity B. familiarly C. familiar D. familiarize
6. It is necessary for any factory to produce goods more ……… in order to turn a profit
A. eficiently B. eficient C. eficiencies D. eficiency
7. The Paintbrush lets artists spread paint more ……… on the canvas and helps prevent dripping
A. evens B. evenly C. evened D. evenness
DẠNG 4: (ADV) V + ADV: Trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho V
+ N: Làm tân ngữ của V
1. Mayton City Council is receiving ……… for Mayton Volunteer of the Year Award.
A. nominated B. nominate C. nominations D. nominating
2. Crawford Devices is guaranteed to ……… regulate the temperature of any commercial refrigerator.
A. precisely B. precise C. precision D. preciseness
3. The researchers conducted each survey to ……… verify the quality of their products
A. accurate B. acurately C. accuracy D. accuracies
4. ABC has left ……… on how to get in touch with her while she is on vacation
A. instruct B. instructions C. instructional D. instructing
5. ABC. Inc ……… publishes books written by leading academics in their field.
A. more frequent B. frequency C. frequent D. frequently
6. The cashiers have asked ……… not to cut in line and have requested that they wait patiently for their turn
A. shopper B. shopping C. to shop D. shoppers
7. Dr A and Dr. B will work ……… in an effort to discover a vaccine for the exotic disease
A. collaborating B. collaborates C. collaboratively D. collaborated
8. The recently renovated lounge should ……… improve morale among the employees at the company
A. great B. greatly C. greatness D. greatest
9. The championship match will start ……… at eight o’clock this Monday night
A. precisely B. precise C. presised D. preciseness
10. You can ……… rebuild your credit by taking steps to repair your credit rating as soon as possible.
A. easy B. easier C. easily D. easiness
11. Sign up to receive our free newsletter and you will ……… receive update notifications and other news via
A. automatically B. automaticity C. automated D. automatic
12. QIB will work ……… to maintain sustainable growth and expansion plans.
A. persisted B. persistent C. persistently D. persistented
13. The CEO will leave ……… for his employees to follow when he is out of town attend the convention.
A. instructed B. instructing C. instructions D. instructional
14. The company’s headquarters can ……… be reached by taking a taxi or a bus from the local train station.
A. easy B. easily C. ease D. easiness
15. Ms ABC’s proposal will be ……… implemented by the department.
A. subsequent B. subsequently C. subsequence D. subsequent to
LESSON 5: COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
(SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ)
------------*****------------
A. LÝ THUYẾT:
1. SO SÁNH BẰNG: AS ADJ/ADV AS:
- DÙNG ADJ: KHI TRC LÀ V-BE/BECOME…
- DÙNG ADV: KHI TRC LÀ V-#BE/BECOME
2. SO SÁNH HƠN VÀ SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT:
SS HƠN (er/more) SS HƠN NHẤT (est/most)
- THAN - THE
- 2 NG/2 VẬT - 2 NG/2 VẬT TRỞ LÊN
- ADJ/ADVNgắn: ADJ/ADV-er THAN - THE ADJ/ADV-est
- ADJ/ADVDài: More ADJ/ADV THAN - THE MOST ADJ/ADV
*** CHÚ Ý QUAN TRỌNG:
- Nhấn mạnh so sánh hơn: Much, still, even, far, a lot, lot… + SO SÁNH HƠN ==> NHẤN MẠNH
- Công thức: Make/ find/ deem/ call/ keep…+ O (N) + ADJ
3. SO SÁNH ĐB CỦA 1 SỐ TỪ:
GOOD – BETTER – THE BEST
BAD – WORSE – THE WORST
LITTE – LESS – THE LEAST
MANY/MUCH – MORE – THE MOST
4. CÁCH THÊM ĐUÔI “ER/ EST”:
1. Những tính từ ngắn tận cùng bằng “e” thì thêm đuôi “-r” – với SS hơn hoặc “–st” – với SS nhất.
Ex: nice ----- nicer ------- nicest; large -------- larger ----------- largest
Tương tự với những tính từ như: brave, fine, safe,...
2. Những tính từ có 2 âm tiết tận cùng bằng “y” mà trước nó là một phụ âm + y: đổi “y” thành “i”
và thêm “- er” – với SS hơn hoặc “–est” – với SS nhất
Ex: Happy -------- happier ----------- happiest
Tương tự công thức đó với các tính từ sau: busy, dirty, easy, funny, heavy, lovely, lucky, tidy,...
3. Những tính từ ngắn có một nguyên âm nằm giữa 2 phụ âm thì TRƯỚC khi thêm đuôi “-er” – với
SS hơn hoặc “– est” – với SS nhất, ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối. (TRỪ “w” là không đổi – VD: new
==> newer ==> newest)
Ex: Hot -------- hotter --------- hottest; Big --------- bigger ---------- biggest
Tương tự với những tính từ sau: fit, sad, thin, wet,...
4. Các tính từ có đuôi “y, er” ==> Đều là TÍNH TỪ NGẮN
5. Một số tính từ có thể thêm đuôi er, est hoặc đi với more, most khi so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất
Ex: narrow --------- narrower/more narrow ----------narrowest/ (the) most narrow
Tương tự với những tính từ sau: clever, common, crule, gentle, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple, stupid
B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG:
Bài 1: Chia các dạng SO SÁNH BẰNG/HƠN/HƠN NHẤT thích hợp
1. My house is (big) ………………………. than yours.
2. This flower is (beautiful) ………………………. than that one.
3. This is the (interesting) ………………………. book I have ever read.
4. Non-smokers usually live (long) ………………………. than smokers.
5. Which is the (dangerous) ………………………. animal in the world?
6. A holiday by the sea is (good) ………………………. than a holiday in the mountains.
7. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) ………………………. than a beer.
8. Who is the (rich) ………………………. woman on earth?
9. The weather this summer is even (bad) ………………………. than last summer.
10. He was the (clever) ………………………. thief of all.
11. My brother has a (tidy) ………………………. room than me.
12. Australia is (big) ………………………. than England.
13. I'm (good) ………………………. now than yesterday.
14. She's got (few) ………………………. friends than you, but she doesn't care.
15. He thinks Chinese is (difficult) ………………………. language in the world.
16. Valencia played (bad) ………………………. than Real Madrid yesterday.
17. Cats are not (intelligent) ………………………. as dogs.
18. Show me (good) ………………………. restaurant downtown.
19. (hot) ………………………. desert of all is the Sahara and it's in Africa.
20. Who is (talkative) ………………………. person in your family.
Bài 2:
1. As heath care become ……… than it was a decade ago, companies are forced to spend more on benefits.
A. as expensive B. more expensive C. so expensive D. most expensively
2. Many online retailers state that it is ……… than they expected to set price that attract more customers while
boosting their profit.
A. difficult B. difficulty C. more difficult D. much difficult
3. Sales of domestically built car dropped by 10.2 percent in December, reflecting a somewhat ……… demand than
expected
A. weaker B. weakly C. weakeness D. more weakly
4. Questions concerning whether international trade is ……… more beneficial to lower income economies have been
raised for years.
A. much B. such C. very D. too
5. We seemed eager to do all they could to make my stay as ……… as possible.
A. comfort B. comfortable C. comfortably D. comforted
6. If the company had been under better circumstances, it could have obtained an ……… more favorable outcome.
A. all B. even C. any D. almost
7. Of the 6 candidates, Ms. Sally Marson seemed the ……… for the position.
A. qualification B. qualified C. more qualified D. most qualified
8. The use of the ……… possible lighting in the laboratory has been beneficial to the research conducted by the
botanists employed
A. bright B. brightest C. brightens D. brightness
9. I’ve read a couple of different articles on Franklin Roosevelt, who was a much ……… president than Barack Obama
has been
A. boldness B. bolder C. boldest D. boldly
10. Improving our customer outreach program is ……… important than recognizing our office system right now
A. better B. more C. well D. greater
11. A meeting sometime after the project deadline fits ……… for my schedule than trying to have one this week
A. better B. good C. any better D. any good
12. Custom House is the largest independent foreign exchange (FX) company in North America and one of the most
……… companies in the world.
A. rely B. reliant C. relying D. reliable
13. The company is currently much ……… than it was five 5 years ago
A. weaker B. weakest C. weak D. weakness
14. The staff members were all friendly and courteous and seemed eager to do all they could to make my stay as ………
as possible.
A. comfort B. comfortable C. comfortably D. comforted
15. Bringing all of the brochure and website information up to date is the ……… task the office team has ever faced
A. challenged B. challenging C. more challenged D. most challenging
16. Installing a new blower for an air ventilation (thông gió) system may seems expensive but actually costs ……… in
the long run than repairing an existing one
A. less B. lesser C. lessen D. least
17. She sings ……… among the singers I have known.
A. the most beautiful B. the more beautiful
C. the most beautifully D. the more beautifully
18. In determining whether to close a bank branch, the impact on the majority of community members is the ………
important factor
A. very B. most C. much D. mostly
19. Your complaint will almost certainly be ……… more effective if you are aware of your rights.
A. much B. very C. so D. such
20. In order to help factory workers to work much ………, the new Samson machines will be installed next week.
A. more efficiently B. efficiently C. efficient D. most efficiently
21. Because of free trade and open door policies, it’s becoming a lot … for a country to recover from an economic
recession because one country’s economic situation affects the other’s.
A. harder B. harden C. hard D. hardly
22. The ABC Building is the ……… to locate because it is so much higher than any other skyscraper in the downtown
area.
A. more easily B. easiest C. most easily D. easy
23. Unfortunately, with the rise of the popularity of soft drinks, tea is not ……… popular as it used to be.
A. as B. of C. either D. like
24. The survey indicated that people responded even ……… to the taste of the new Factor X Energy Bar
A. favorably B. most favorable C. more favorably D. favorable
25. Of the two sisters, Linda ………
A. is beautiful B. the most beautiful C. is more beautiful D. is so beautiful as.
26. The ……… accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway.
A. badest B. most bad C. worse D. worst.
27. Of all the candidates, Peter is probably ………
A. the less qualified B. the qualified less C. the most little qualified D. the least qualified.
28. This year’s Employee of The Year Award will be given to Sarah Morrison for having worked the ……… of all the staff
at the company.
A. hardly B. harder C. hardest D. hard
LESSON 4: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND INVERSION IN CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
------------------------*****-------------------
A. LÝ THUYẾT
IF MAIN CLAUSE
ĐK Loại 0 HTĐ HTĐ
HTĐ TLĐ
ĐK Loại 1 CHỦ ĐỘNG: S + V(s/es); S + am/is/are CHỦ ĐỘNG: S + will + V-ng
BỊ ĐỘNG: S + am/is/are + V3/Ved BỊ ĐỘNG: S + will + be + V3
QKĐ (Were)
Would + V (nguyên thể)
ĐK Loại 2 CHỦ ĐỘNG: S + V2/Ved; S + were
BỊ ĐỘNG: S + would + be +
BỊ ĐỘNG: S + were + V3/Ved
QKHT (Had + V3/Ved)
Would + have + V3/Ved
ĐK Loại 3 CHỦ ĐỘNG: S + had + V3/ed
BỊ ĐỘNG: S + would have +
BỊ ĐỘNG: S + had + been + V3/Ved
*NOTE:
- Please + V là ĐK 1 ==> Công thức: If + TLĐ/HTĐ, Please + V
- Nếu là tobe thì V2 là WERE với mọi ngôi (đối với ngữ pháp Mỹ hiện đại, đặc biệt trong văn nói thì ko nhất thiết;
nhưng ta vẫn nên tuân theo vì nó đúng cho cả ngữ pháp Anh và Mỹ)
Ex: If I were you, I would not behave like that (Nếu tao là mày, tao sẽ không cư xử như vậy)
B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
1. If we meet at 9:30, we ………..……… (have) plenty of time.
2. Lisa would find the milk if she ……………..…… (look) in the fridge.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ……………….…… (feed) the animals.
4. If you spoke louder, your classmates ………………………… (understand) you.
5. Dan ………………….… (arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6. You ……………………… (have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7. If you ………………..…… (swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
8. The door will unlock if you ……………..…… (press) the green button.
9. If Mel …………….…… (ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
10. I ……………….…… (call) the office if I were you.
11. If measures had not been taken to reduce company expenses, the added costs would ………….…… by the customer.
A. assume B. have been assumed C. had been assumed D. be assuming
12. If customers were unhappy with the quality of a product, the store ……… it or provide a refund.
A. would exchange B. exchange C. have exchanged D. will exchange
13. If personal income taxes had been lowered, the national economy ……… much more quickly.
A. recovered B. has recovered C. would have recovered D. has been recovered
14. If laws do not change and continue to favor creditors, many small-scale companies ……… bankrupt.
A. have gone B. will go C. went D. goes
15. The recurring problem of unheated rooms would ……if the owner had responded to the tenants’initial complaints.
A. have been elimination B. had been eliminated C. have been eliminated D. have been eliminating
16. If the error had not been reported, the customer ……… his order until after the Christmas season had ended.
A. would not have received B. would not receive C. did not receive D. would not be receive
17. If had not been for a trip from my stock-broker, I ……… thousands of dollars in doomed stocks.
A. was lost B. have lost C. would lost D. would have lost
18. ------ anyone wish to access the information on the status of his or her order, the password should be entered.
(A) It (B) Should (C) Whether (D) As though
19. John would be taking a great risk if he ……………………….. his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
20. It ……………………….. if nobody had reminded them.
A. would have be forgot B. would have been forgot C. would have forget D. would have been forget
21. Without the life-jackets, most passengers _____ drowned in that accident
A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. were
22. The train bound for Crawford will be suspended for these days to complete minor............on its rails.
A.constructs B.constructive C.constructed D.construction
23. Stationery..............yesterday that it is anticipating at least a twenty percent growth in revenue with the launch of
a new product line related to printing.
A.announcing B.announces C.announced D.have announced
24. Denver is a famous tourist destination and renowned for its cuisine and...........scenery.
A.attracts B.attracting C.attractive D.attraction
25. Employees at Alembis Broadcasting.............donate to local charities by hosting fundraising parties
A.regularity B.regularize C.regularities D.regularly
26. The organizing committee decided to allocate specific tasks to members to achieve its goals more..................
A.effective B.effect C.effectiveness D.effectively
27. The new medicine developed by Crawson is the ...............of accumulated experience and hard work.
A.producer B.producing C.product D.producted
 LESSON 7: RELATIVE CLAUSES
(MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
---------*****---------
A. LÝ THUYẾT
* Định nghĩa: Mệnh đề quan hệ hay còn gọi là Mệnh đề tính ngữ, là mệnh đề PHỤ, là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các ĐẠI
TỪ QUAN HỆ (who, which, that, whom, whose,…) có chức năng như là 1 TÍNH TỪ và để GIẢI THÍCH RÕ HƠN hoặc BỔ
NGHĨA cho DANH TỪ đứng TRƯỚC nó.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ được bắt đầu bằng một ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ (Relative pronouns: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE,
THAT) hoặc TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ (Relative adverb: WHEN, WHERE, WHY)

Subject + V Object + MĐ Possession + N

(Thay thế cho (thay thế cho (Thay thế cho
Chủ ngữ) Tân ngữ) Tính Từ Sở hữu)

People (1) Who Whom Whose + N

Things/animals (2) Which Which Whose + N

People and things/animals (3) That That

==> THAT– KHÔNG ĐỪNG SAU “GIỜI TỪ” và “DẤU PHẨY”: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người hoặc vật, đứng
trước các danh từ chỉ người, vật, hoặc cả người cả vật để làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ.“THAT” - Có thể
thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong MĐQH xác định
* Các trường hợp thường dùng “THAT”
- Khi đi sau các hình thức SO SÁNH NHẤT. Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
- Khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last. Ex: It was the first time that I heard of it.
- Khi danh từ đi trước bao gôm CẢ NGƯỜI VÀ VẬT. Ex: She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
- Khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything,
anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
Ex: These books are allthat my sister left me.
(4). Các trạng từ quan hệ: When, Where, Why + MĐ (S + V)
+ When = in/on/at which: Thay thế từ chỉ THỜI GIAN
==> CT:….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …
Ex: I don’t know the time. She will come back then.
→ I don’t know the ¨me when = on which she will come back.
+ Where = in/at which: Thường thay cho các DANH TỪ chỉ NƠI CHỐN
==> CT:….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
Ex: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed at that hotel.
→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
+ Why = for which: Mở đầu cho MĐQH chỉ lý do, thường thay cho các DANH TỪ: Purpose, Reason, Cause
==> CT:…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ex: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.
B. TÓM TẮT:
- MĐQH BẮT ĐẦU ĐTQH (WHO, WHOM, WHICH, … ): PHỤ ==> CẢNH
- TRONG 1 CÂU KBH CÓ 2 V-12 THÌ (S V).
==> NẾU CÂU CÓ 2 V-12 THÌ
==> 1 V PHẢI NẰM TRONG MĐQH, MĐQHRG (VING/V3/VED)
WHO + V-12 THÌ
* N-NG WHOM + S-NG + V-12 THÌ
WHOSE +N
* N-VẬT WHICH + S V (MĐ)/ V-12 THÌ
WHOSE + N
* N-NG/VẬT + THAT S V/ V-12 THÌ
==> K ĐỨNG SAU “,” VÀ GIỚI TỪ
* TRẠNG TỪ QH (TTQH) + SV
N-THỜI GIAN + WHEN SV (IN/ON/AT WHICH)
N- ĐỊA ĐIỂM + WHERE SV (IN/AT WHICH)
N-CAUSE, REASON + WHY SV (FOR WHICH)
==> WHAT: KHÔNG PHẢI TTQH
* GIỚI TỪ + WHICH (VẬT) /WHOM (NGƯỜI)
* (Only/For) THOSE (Who)
C. BÀI TẬP VỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
1. Customers ………wish to return merchandise within 7 days of purchase must present the valid receipt to the store
A. who B. when C. what D. whom
2. Many branch offices were established in the suburbs 10 years ago, ……… which time the volume of traffic was also
steadily increasing.
A. at B. over C. across D. during
3. The Victoria Hotel, ……… we stayed during our summer vacation, will be torn down for extensive renovations.
A. when B. where C. in that D. in it
4. Most of the products and goods ……… are traded online are sold directly by the owner
A. they B. those C. that D. these
5. Recently the director released a list of engineers ……… have been nominated to lead the bridge project
A. which B. who C. what D. they
6. Dietary supplements ……… come from plants are generally known to be safe, but some may interfere with a
wound’s capacity to heal
A. whatever B. whichever C. what D. which
7. Job candidates ……… are presently unemployed or are studying to obtain a degree must furnish this information on
their application forms
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
8. Any contract ……… is not signed by the members of the Board of directors would have no legal power even
though its terms may have already been executed
A. whom B. who C. which D. what
9. The director develop a list of criterias for development, ……… he feels will boost the company’s prestige
A. that B. who C. which D. what
10. XXX employed eight certified employees, all of ……… were trained at the same institute in ABC
A. which B. whom C. this D. what
11. Conference attendees ……… confirm their attendence early will be eligible for preassigned seating
A. whose B. what C. who D. whom
12. At a meeting yesterday, we studied the most recent budget proposal, ……… the board thinks will help pull the
corporation out of debt
A. whether B. where C. which D. that
13. Changes in our organizational structure have created ways for employees to explore opportunities ……… were
previously not available
A. those B. there C. what D. that
14. Mr.A collected a list of employees ……… were unable to attend the official company picnic
A. whose B. what C. who D. whom
15. The package ……… was sent to Mr.J was returned to us when the mail carrier could not locate the address on
the shipping label
A. when B. who C. that D. what
16. GasCo sell more than 8 milion gallons of oil a year, half of ……… is consumed in the United States alone
A. many B. which C. each D. whose
17. A dinner will take place next Friday to honor Richard, … has been a great asset to this bank for over thirty years
A. who B. which C. of which D. whose
18. Nearly half of the customers ……… responded to the survey said that Austraclear delivered services that were
above their expectations.
A. who B. whose C. they D. what
19. Mr.McKen ……… has been working on the campaign longer than anyone else will take charge of the project
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
20. The Garden Show, ……… annually demonstrates the newest technology in horticulture, draws over 5000 attendees
during its week-long run
A. when B. which C. where D. whose
21. An employee ……… performance during a specified period is satisfactory is entitled to a wage increase based on
current pay standards
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
22. An investment ……… gradually increases in value over the years can be more profitable than more short-term
A. that B. they C. what D. when
23. Customers ……… purchase their orders from the website of Westminster Books receive an automatic discount
of at least 10%.
A. who B. whom C. whomever D. whose
24. Karen Solden will replace Harold Walker, ……… is being promoted to a higher position in the company.
A. he B. who C. his D. whose
25. The main artists ……… paintings are being sold at the Garrett Gallery are Elaine Crick, Jason Chambers
A. who B. whose C. their D. whom
26. Those ……… wish to get the best deal from their shopping are advised to compare product features
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
27. Customers ……… products are provided through an existing arrangement should contact us immediately.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
28. Unauthorized entry into the building is not permitted, except to guests ……… have obtained a special security
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
29. Emma Jean, ……… was nominated for an Employee of the Month Award for her exceptional work
A. who B. anyone C. whom D. which
30. You will need to take the time to evaluate your own needs in order to determine the purposes for ……… you will
use the software.
A. what B. which C. whom D. where
31. The names of upper management to ……… you must report will be provided in order to get budgets approved
for projects.
A. whom B. whoever C. what D. where
32. A password ……… is provided to you will enable you to access some important student information.
A. when B. who C. which D. whom
33. ……… those applicants who have graduated after four years will be considered for the position.
A. Who B. Only C. Which D. Whom
34. ……… those who are determined to attend the seminar, tickets are available at the HR Department.
A. For B. Whose C. What D. Their
35. If coming from Salt Lake City, take the Bonneville Speedway (Exit #4), ……… is the first exit west
A. what B. which C. where D. who
36. Employees ……… are experiencing technology-related problems may ask for help by placing a call to the IT team
between 9 a.m. and 6 p.m.
A. who B. whose C. which D. what
37. The ISC has a conference room, ……… can accomodate up to 10 people for small group meetings or classes
A.where B. which C. that D. who
38. The receptionist, ……… answered the phone, told me that the director was out.
A. who B. whose C. that D. whom
39. The woman ……… Ann must take care of is very poor and old.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
40. Venice, ……… was built on water, is a city in Italy
A. where B. that C. who D. which
41. The northeast is one of the best regions in ……… to start a new business, according to business and enteprise
north east statictics.
A. what B. which C. where D. whose
42. Eli Clare, ……… latest book was published by Local Home Press, is nominated for the 2010 Lambda Literary Award.
A. whatever B. whom C. what D. whose
43. Ms. Kennedy was given the responsibility for managing the downtown building project, which ……… by the board
of directors.
A. is overseeing B. was overseen C. has been overseeing D. be overseen