LESSON 3: Genotype and Phenotype

Intended Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, you must have:

➢ Determine the genotype and phenotype as well as the genotypic and

phenotypic ratio;
➢ Explain the effects of the genotype of an organism and environment to its
phenotype;

Application and Assessment:

A. Use the Punnet square to determine the genotype and phenotype of an organism and its
genotypic and phenotypic ratio. (2 pts each)

1. A male and female bird have 4 un-hatched eggs. The female

is on the left heterozygous; the male on the right is
homozygous recessive. Use B or b for your genotypes.

a. What are the genotypes of the 4 un-hatched

eggs?

F: Bb

M: bb

b. What are the phenotypes of the 4 un-hatched eggs?

F: BB
M: Bb
c. What is the genetic ratio and phenotypic ratio?

GR: BB

PR: Bb

2. A human male having a homozygous dominant allele for a blue eye is genetically crossed to a
female with homozygous recessive brown eyes. Use A or a for your genotypes.
 a. What are the genotypes of their offspring or the F2 generation?

M- aa

F- Aa

b. What are the phenotypes?

M- aa

F- Aa

c. What is the genotypic ratio?

Aa

d. What is the phenotypic ratio?

aa

B.

1. How the genotype of an organism and the environment does affect its phenotype? Explain
your answer. (5pts)
An organism's genotype is the set of genes that it carries. An organism's phenotype is all
of its observable characteristics — which are influenced both by its genotype and by
the environment.

2. Cite an example situation that shows the environment influences the phenotype or the trait
of an organism. (5pts)
Environmental factors such as diet, temperature, oxygen levels, humidity, light cycles, and
the presence of mutagens can all impact which of an animal's genes are expressed, which
ultimately affects the animal's phenotype.

3. What do you think is the reason why all hereditary possibilities in the genotype are not
expressed in the phenotype? (5pts)
All inherited possibilities in the genotype are not expressed in the phenotype, because some
are the result of latent, recessive, or inhibited genes.

C. Write a reflection on what you have learned in this lesson. (5 points)

 In this lesson I learned that, Genotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a
particular trait. Hence, it is the information stored within a gene. Also, the number of times a
genotype would appear in the offspring after a cross between both parents will be the genotypic
ratio. The value depends upon the genotype of parents. It can be calculated by Punnett square.
Also I learned a lot about genotype and phenotype.