NON-CRITICAL THINKING – simply accept the things 3.

Applying – demonstrate, solve, or use

without examining. information; refers to the use and
implementation of knowledge in various
- Leads people to jump to conclusions w/o proof
situation.
or evidence.
HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS:
CRITICAL THINKING – involves series of complex
thought processes which allow to make a reasons and 1. Analyzing - compare, integrate, or structure
judgements. information; focuses on breaking down ideas
into parts and relating these parts to one
- Can have a critical thinking if the person is
another.
actively listening to the speaker.
2. Evaluating – judge and test an idea based on
LEVELS OF THINKING certain rules or standards; refers to making
judgements on the value and validity of ideas
BENJAMIN BLOOM – American educational and events.
psychologist. 3. Creating – aims to produce, design, or
1956 – he published Bloom’s Taxonomy of the construct new information or ideas.
Cognitive Domain, is a system that classifies the level of QUALITIES OF A CRITICAL THINKER:
thinking important for learning.
1. Does not pretend to know more than what
6 Levels of Thinking According to Bloom: actually knows.
1. Knowledge 2. Investigates and dig deeper.
2. Comprehension 3. Open-minded to different ideas to arrive at a
3. Application better judgment.
4. Analysis 4. Examines and evaluates information.
5. Synthesis 5. Does not accept information until it is verified.
6. Evaluation 6. Actions are guided by the application of
different levels of thinking.
LORIN ANDERSON – Bloom’s former student.
IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL THINKING:
2001 - he published the revision to the original
taxonomy, to make it more relevant to 21st century 1. Makes you recognize different texts and react to
students and teachers. them intelligently.
2. Enables you to analyze written works,
- He changed the names of the levels and used comprehend the message they convey, and
verb instead of noun. apply the message in real life.
1. Remembering 3. Maximize the learning experience that reading
2. Understanding provides.
3. Applying 4. Leads to better understanding and enjoyment of
4. Analyzing the text you read.
5. Evaluating 5. Can write a clear purpose and position.
6. Creating 6. Can distinguish good and bad sources and know
FIRST THREE LEVELS OF THINKING: what information to use.
7. Leads to the production of good texts w/
1. Remembering – aims to define, memorize, or reliable and insightful content.
state information; involves the retrieval,
recognition, and recalling of information. READING – is a complex cognitive process.
2. Understanding – discuss, describe, paraphrase, - Is an act of decoding symbol (letters) who
or explain information; refers to the derived reading from the text.
construction of meaning from verbal and non-
verbal messages.
READING PROCESS:

1. Pre-reading Stage – aims to induce the readers’

motivation to read and to activate their schema
or background knowledge.
Examples of Activities: previewing, freewriting,
surveying, questioning, making assumptions
about the author, identifying the purpose, and
selecting a reading system (such as SQ3R –
survey, question, read, recite, review)
2. While-reading Stage
Examples: getting the meaning of words
through context clues, predicting, inferencing,
monitoring comprehension, annotating the text,
and reflecting.
3. Post-reading Stage
Examples: reflecting, summarizing,
paraphrasing, drawing conclusions, making
graphic organizers, and journal writing.

OUTLINE – tool for organizing ideas.

 Used in pre-writing and post-writing activity.

2 Ways of Writing an Outline:
a. Decimal Outline – uses numbers as labels
b. Alphanumeric Outline – uses both letters and
numbers as labels
4 Principles of Effective Outline
1. Coordination – requires ideas of the same
relevance to be labeled in the same way.
2. Subordination – shows that minor details
have to be placed under their respective
major details.
3. Division – requires that no cluster should
contain only one item.
4. Parallel Construction – all entries in each
cluster to use the same structure and
format.

2 KINDS OF OUTLINE ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE

1. Topic Outline – uses words and phrases.

 Used if the ideas being discussed can be
arranged in a number of ways.
2. Sentence Outline – uses complete sentences.
 The topic being discussed is complicated
and required details.

TYPES OF CLAIMS