BOÄ GIAÙO DUÏC VAØ ÑAØO TAÏO

TRÖÔØNG ÑAÏI HOÏC SÖ PHAÏM KYÕ THUAÄT THAØNH PHOÁ HOÀ CHÍ MINH

60 NAÊM XAÂY DÖÏNG VAØ PHAÙT TRIEÅN

ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
PHAN NGUYỄN QUÍ TÂM

TỪ ĐIỂN
CHUYÊN NGÀNH Ô TÔ
Anh-Việt – Việt-Anh – Từ viết tắt

NHAØ XUAÁT BAÛN

ÑAÏI HOÏC QUOÁC GIA TP. HOÀ CHÍ MINH
 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT
THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
*******************

PGS.TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG

ThS. PHAN NGUYỄN QUÍ TÂM

TỪ ĐIỂN
CHUYÊN NGÀNH Ô TÔ
Anh Việt – Việt Anh – Từ Viết Tắt

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA

THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH – NĂM 2021
 LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Hiện nay chúng ta đang trong quá trình thực hiện công
nghiệp hóa – hiện đại hóa đất nước. Cơ khí ô tô là một trong
những ngành phát triển mạnh mẽ trong thời gian qua. Để phát
triển ngành cơ khí ô tô, ngoài tiềm lực kinh tế mạnh, đòi hỏi phải
có một nguồn nhân lực dồi dào với năng lực chuyên môn cao và
trình độ ngoại ngữ giỏi. Cuốn “Từ điển chuyên ngành ô tô” ra
đời nhằm giúp những người hoạt động trong ngành cơ khí ô tô tra
cứu các thuật ngữ của ngành.

Từ điển bao gồm hơn 9.000 thuật ngữ thông dụng (kể cả
tiếng lóng) ở tất cả các lĩnh vực liên quan đến công nghệ ô tô từ
cấu tạo các chi tiết kỹ thuật lắp ráp, sửa chữa vận hành,… Các
từ đều được giải thích bằng tiếng Anh và dịch nghĩa sang tiếng
Việt. Nhờ vậy, từ điển cũng có thể được dùng thảm khảo cho môn
Anh văn chuyên ngành Công nghệ ô tô hệ Đại học và Cao đẳng.

Mặc dù, đã cố gắng tham khảo ý kiến của các chuyên gia
trong ngành cơ khí ô tô nhưng do thuật ngữ kỹ thuật ở nước ta
hiện nay chưa thống nhất, đặc biệt là cách dùng từ khác nhau
giữa hai miền nên từ điển chắc chắn không tránh khỏi những sai
sót nhất định. Rất mong nhận được nhiều ý kiến của độc giả để
quyển từ điển sẽ hoàn chỉnh hơn trong lần tái bản sau.

PGS. TS Đỗ Văn Dũng

Email: dodzung@hcmute.edu.vn
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/dodzung

3
 MỤC LỤC

Phần I: TỪ ĐIỂN ANH - VIỆT........................................................7

Phần II: TỪ ĐIỂN VIỆT - ANH...................................................453

Phần III: TỪ VIẾT TẮT........................................................... 1107

5
 Phần I:
TỪ ĐIỂN ANH - VIỆT

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 7

A abut
Aa
A = ampere: Đơn vị đo cường độ
dòng điện
AA = Automotive Association: Hiệp
hội Ô tô
AAA = American Automobile
Association: Hiệp hội Ô tô Hoa Kỳ
A-arm n. US = wishbone: Cánh tay
đòn hình chữ A
abrasion n. removal of surface
material from any solid, through
friction action: Sự mài bề mặt vật
cứng nhờ ma sát
l abrasive n. substance used for
the removal of matter: Vật liệu
mài mòn
l abrasive cleaner = cleaner which
removes a certain amount of the
surface: Máy mài
l abrasive disc = rotating disc of
sanding or grinding tool: Đĩa đá mài
l abrasive paper = paper with a
rough surface for the removal of
matter: Giấy nhám
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ABS = anti-lock braking system: Hệ
thống phanh chống hãm cứng
l ABS override button = button
which cuts out the anti-lock
braking system, for drivers who
want to take threshold braking
into their own hands: Nút ngắt hệ
thống ABS
l ABS relay valve = electrically
operated valve controlling the air
pressure in an ABS system: Van
rơle ABS được điều khiển bằng
điện.
abut v. to make contact, especially
of gear teeth: Tiếp xúc
l abutment n. (a) a part with
another part comes up against
so that its motion is stopped;
a more formal word for ‘stop’:
Điểm dừng
(b) making of contact, especially by
gear teeth: Vết tiếp xúc
9
A/C
l abutting edge n. edge of a panel
where it joins another: Góc nối
l AC = alternating current: Dòng
điện xoay chiều
A/C = air-conditioning: Điều hòa
không khí
ACC = accelerate (mostly used on
cruise control): Tăng tốc (nút
bấm tăng tốc trong hệ thống ga
tự động)
l accelerate v. to go faster or
make faster: Tăng tốc
l accelerated test procedure = test
which has been made quicker, by
leaving out or shortening certain
items: Qui trình kiểm tra nhanh,
bớt một số công đoạn
l accelerating agent = accelerator:
Chân ga, bàn đạp ga
l acceleration n. increase of speed:
Sự tăng tốc
l sluggish acceleration = increase
speed slowly: Sự tăng tốc chậm
chạp (lì máy)
l acceleration enrichment = assembly for acceptable quality:
providing a richer fuel/air mixture
is needed to provide extra power
and smooth response: Sự làm
giàu hỗn hợp hoà khí để tăng tốc
l accelerator n. (a) chemical agent
which makes a reaction happen
10
access hole
more quickly, for instance in
plastics production an additive
which promotes the hardening
process of resins: Tác nhân làm
tăng nhanh phản ứng hóa học
(b) pedal which controls the opening
of the throttle: Bàn đạp ga
l depress the accelerator or step on
the accelerator = cause the throttle
to open to make the vehicle go
faster: Nhấn ga, đạp ga
l ease up on the accelerator =
reduce the throttle opening to go
less fast: Giảm ga
l take one’s foot off the accelerator
= close the throttle in order to
slow down: Buông chân ga
(NOTE: also called accelerator pedal
or throttle pedal)
l accelerator pump = carburetor
device that improves acceleration
by injecting an additional amount
of fuel when the accelerator pedal
is depressed: Bơm tăng tốc
l acceptance test n. test of a part or
Kiểm tra chất lượng chi tiết
l access n. means of reaching
something: Sự tiến đến, cách đạt
được, tiếp cận
l access hole = hole through which
something can be reached, also
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
accessories
a hole through which sealant is
injected into cavities: Lỗ thông
accessories n. additional items of
equipment which can be fitted
to a vehicle or used with a basic
tool: Phụ kiện, phụ tùng
accident damage n. damage to the
body-work of a vehicle resulting
from an accident: Sự hư hỏng
thân xe do tai nạn.
accumulator n. (a) storage battery,
especially for an electrically
driven vehicle: Bình ắc quy
(b) pressure reservoir for a
suspension system with
automatic leveling: Bộ tích áp
suất cho hệ thống treo tự động
(c) part of a hydraulic system which
is charged by the fluid pump,
absorbs fluctuating fluid delivery,
stores fluid at pressure, and can
provide a rapid flow of fluid sure
pressure: Bộ tích áp suất thuỷ lực
accumulator battery n. = storage
battery: Bình ắc quy
l accumulator-drier n. device on
the low side of an air-conditioning
system, usually at the evaporator
outlet on the bulk-head which
store excess refrigerant; it
consists of a tank, a filter, a drying
agent and a vapour return tube:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Ackermann steering
Phin lọc, sấy khô gas của hệ
thống điều hòa
l accumulator system n. system in an
automatic transmission comprising
a hydraulic accumulator controlled
by a valve, and a running time
throttle: Hệ thống tích áp (trên
hộp số tự động)
l accumulator valve n. valve
controlling hydraulic accumulator:
Van tích áp
AC generator n. = Alternator: Máy
phát điện xoay chiều
acid rain n. rain containing pollutants
from industrial waste and vehicle
exhaust gases dissolved in the
atmosphere: Mưa axit
Ackermann steering n. from of
double-pivot steering in which
the front wheels turn on kingpins
and are connected by inclined
steering arms and a track rod, so
arranged angle than the outer:
Hệ thống lái kiểu Ackermann
l Ackermann angle = toe-out or
toe-in with the wheels in the
straight-ahead position: Góc đặt
bánh xe kiểu Ackermann
l Ackermann axle = fixed- position,
steerable front axle within two
pivot points, one on each end
of the axle, with vertical kingpin:
Trục Ackermann
11
across corners
across corners = A/C: Ngã tư
across flats = A/F: Mặt cắt ngang
acrylate n. polymer, such as
ethyl acrylate, used in rubber
toughening: Chất keo dán cao su
acrylic (paint) n. paint with pigments
mixed in a solution based on
acrylic resin: Sơn acrylic
l acrylic finish = finish using acrylic
paints, often a two-pack finish:
Sơn bóng bằng sơn acrylic
l acrylic resin = any thermoplastic
synthetic polymer made by
the polymerization of acrylic
derivatives such as acrylic acid,
ethyl acrylate and methacrylate,
used for adhesives, protective
coatings, and finishes: Nhựa
acrylic (dùng cho sơn lót và sơn
bóng)
ACT = air charge temperature: Nhiệt
độ khí nạp
activated carbon n. highly porous
carbon, usually in pellet
form, granular, or powdered,
characterized by fine pores
resulting in a very large surface
area per unit volume, hence able
to absorb gases, fluids, etc.: Than
hoạt tính
l activated carbon canister = filter
which absorbs fuel vapours from
12
activated charcoal
the tank and fuel system when
the engine is not running, and
when the engine running is
regenerated by purging the
charcoal bed with hot air, using
engine vacuum to draw the
released vapours into the intake
air stream: Bình hút hơi xăng
bằng than hoạt tính
activated charcoal n. = activated
carbon: Than hoạt tính
l activated charcoal trap =
activated carbon canister: Bầu
lọc than hoạt tính
l activator n. material or mixture
added to an accelerated curing
system to enhance the effect
of the vulcanization accelerator
in tyre production: Phụ gia đẩy
nhanh quá trình lưu hoá (sản
xuất vỏ xe)
l activated braking time n. time
required to come to a standstill
after the brakes have been
applied, i.e not including the
driver’s reaction time: Thời gian
kích hoạt phanh
l active noise control (system) n.
= anti-noise system: Hệ thống
chống tiếng ồn
l active safety n. active measures
taken to prevent accidents, such
as more powerful brakes and
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
actuate
safer handling characteristics: An
toàn chủ động
l active suspension n. suspension
system which uses micropro-
cessors to control electronical-
ly adjustable shock absorbers
which adapt automatically to the
road surface and load: Hệ thống
treo chủ động
actuate v. to bring a part into
operation: Khởi động, làm cho
hoạt động, vận hành
l an actuating lever or switch = a
lever or switch brings a part into
operation: Công tắc khởi động,
cần khởi động
l actuator n. controlling or
operating device, e.g. a vacuum
mechanism for opening flaps in
air conditioning systems: Cơ cấu
chấp hành
l actuator arm = arm connecting
the diaphragm to the contact
breaker platform in a vacuum
advance mechanism: Cần dẫn
động (đánh lửa sớm áp thấp)
adapter or adaptor n. device for
connecting two parts of different
sizes, especially an accessory
for joining a socket and a drive
handle with different sizes drives:
Ống nối
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
adhere
l adapter plate = A plate which
allows the mounting of a different
part from the original: Đĩa tiếp
hợp, đĩa nối
additive n. substance added to fuel
or
engine oil to enhance its performance
and to improve its properties,
such as upper cylinder lubricant:
Chất phụ gia
adhere v. to remain attached or stick
(to something): Bám chặt, dính
l adhesion n. ability to remain
attached (to something),
especially the ability of a tyre to
grip the road surface: Sự bám, độ
bám
l adhesive n. substance used to
join together two or more solids
so that they form a single piece,
such as resins, formaldehyde,
glue, cement, etc.: Chất kết dính,
keo
l adhesive bonding = joining
together of two or more solids by
the use of glue, cement, or other
adhesives: Sự bám dính
l adhesive tape = sticky tape usually
with one shiny side and one side
coated with adhesive: Băng keo
l adhesive weight = a small lead
weight used to balance a wheel:
13
adiabatic
Trọng lượng chì bấm vành bánh
xe để cân bằng động
adiabatic a. neither losing nor gaining
heat, therefore thermally efficient:
Đoạn nhiệt, không trao đổi nhiệt
với môi trường bên ngoài.
l adiabatic engine = engine which
makes the best use of combustion
heat by reducing heat loss due to
coolant: Động cơ đoạn nhiệt
adjust v. to put something into the
correct position: Điều chỉnh, hiệu
chỉnh
l adjust the ignition timing = cause
the spark to occur at the correct
moment: Điều chỉnh thời điểm
đánh lửa
l adjustable a. that can be changed
or made different: Có thể điều
chỉnh
l adjustable shock absorber =
shock absorber which can be
made harder or softer: Bộ giảm
chấn có thể điều chỉnh được
l adjustable spanner = An open–end
spanner with a single smooth jaw
that can be adjusted to fit nuts and
bolts of different sizes: Mỏ lếch
l adjuster n. device for moving
something into a different or the
correct position: Thiết bị điều
chỉnh vị trí
14
achieved
l seat adjuster = mechanism for
moving a seat backwards and
forwards: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh ghế
ngồi
l adjuster cam = cam in a drum
brake which acts on the shoes to
take up the adjustment, i.e. bring
the shoes closer to the drum:
Cam chỉnh phanh trống
l adjusting gauge n. tool such as
a feeler gauge used to check
distances and clearances between
parts for adjustment purposes:
Thiết bị đo khe hở, lá cỡ
l adjusting screw = screw for
altering e.g. the idling speed of the
engine or for brake adjustment:
Vít điều chỉnh cầm chừng
l adjusting shim = shim for reducing
clearances especially in adjusting
valve tappets: Shim, miếng chêm
để điều chỉnh khe hở (supap)
l adjusting sleeve = sleeve on the
end of the tie rod which shortens
or lengthens it to increase or
reduce toe-out: Thanh điều chỉnh
góc chụm bánh xe
l adjustment n. (a) altering
or correcting the position of
something or the position or valve
achieved: Sự điều chỉnh
(b) possibility of altering or correcting
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
a-drier
the position of something;
clearance or play: Khả năng thay
đổi hoặc hiệu chỉnh vị trí của
một vật
l there is no adjustment left = the
adjusting screw or nut is at the
end of its travel: Chỉnh hết cỡ
l to take up the adjustment =
to obtain the correct position,
usually by reducing a clearance:
Hiệu chỉnh đúng (khe hở)
a-drier n. paint drier with heating
elements below the stoving line:
Phòng sấy sơn
adsorption n. bonding of a solid with
a gas or vapour which touches its
surface: Sự hút bám
(NOTE: opposite is desorption)
l adsorption canister n. = activated
carbon canister: Bầu hút hơi xăng
advance 1 v. to cause something to
occur earlier: Trước, sớm
l to advance the spark or ignition
or timing = to cause the spark and
therefore combustion to occur
earlier: Đánh lửa sớm
2 n. extent to which the ignition spark
is made to occur earlier: Góc
đánh lửa sớm
l the ignition needs more advance
= the spark is occurring too late:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
aerodynamic
Cần đánh lửa sớm hơn
(NOTE: opposite is retard)
l advance capsule n. = vacuum
advance (unit): Bộ đánh lửa sớm
chân không
l advance curve n. curve showing
how the amount of ignition
advance increase with the speed
of the engine and/or the vacuum
in the inlet manifold: Đường đặc
tính góc đánh lửa sớm theo tốc
độ và tải
l the ignition is over-advanced =
the spark is occurring too early:
Đánh lửa quá sớm
(NOTE: opposite is retard)
l advance weight n. either of
the two weights in a centrifugal
advance mechanism: Quả văng
của cơ cấu đánh lửa sớm ly tâm
aeration n. foaming due to the
introduction of air into hydraulic
fluid or the oil as the shock
absorber works: Sự tạo bọt
aerial n. long metal tube for receiving
radio signals: Ăng-ten
(NOTE: US English is antenna)
aerodynamic a. 1 relating to the flow
of air round a moving body: Khí
động lực học (thân xe)
body aerodynamic a. 1 relating to
15
aerofoil
the flow of air round a moving
body: Khí động lực học thân xe
2 (of a car, bodywork, etc.) streamlined,
offering low wind resistance: Hình
dáng khí động lực
l aerodynamics n. (a) branch of
dynamics dealing with the motion
of air and with the forces acting
on bodies moving through the air:
Khí động lực học
(b) aerodynamic properties: Đặc
điểm khí động lực học
l The poor aerodynamic of early
cars resulted in wastage of power
= early cars had too much wind
resistance which wasted power:
Những chiếc xe hơi có hình dáng
khí động học kém làm lãng phí
công suất
(NOTE: sense (a) is singular, sense
(b) is plural)
aerofoil n. wing-like structure,
used on racing cars to achieve
negative lift or down-force: Cánh
giảm lực nâng xe đua
A/F = air/fuel: Tỉ số giữa không khí
và nhiên liệu, tỉ lệ hòa khí
l Three-way catalytic converters
demand close A/F control = the
air/fuel mixture has to be carefully
controlled when using three-way
catalytic converters: Bộ xúc tác
16
afterburning
TWC phải hoạt động trong chế độ
điều khiển kín hỗn hợp hòa khí
A/F (dimension) n. width across the
flats (of a hexagon, square drive,
etc.): Mặt cắt ngang
A-frame n. A-shape chassis frame,
typically of a trailer or caravan:
Khung xe hình chữ A
afterburning n. completion of the
combustion of incompletely burnt
mixture in the exhaust system:
Sự cháy tiếp ở pô xe
l CO and HC levels can be reduced
by afterburning = emissions
of carbon monoxide and
hydrocarbons can be reduced
by burning incompletely burnt
mixture: Mức CO và HC có thể
giảm nhờ cháy tiếp
l aftercooler n. heat exchanger
in a diesel engine which cools the
intake of air before it enters the
cylinders: Bộ giải nhiệt khí nạp
l after-start enrichment n.
enrichment of the air/fuel
mixture on starting the engine,
especially in electronic fuel
injection systems, regulated
by the electronic control unit;
it is reduced either at a fixed
rate or as engine temperature
increases: Sự làm đậm hỗn hợp
sau khi khởi động
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
aggressive agent
l aged catalyst n. catalyst which
has been used: Xúc tác đã qua
sử dụng
(NOTE: opposite is fresh catalyst)
l age-hardening n. hardening of
aluminium or metal alloys as a result
of ageing: Sự cứng do lão hóa
l ageing n. change of characteristics
in some metal after heat treatment
or cold working: Sự thay đổi tính
chất sau khi xử lí nhiệt
aggressive agent or medium n.
corrosive material which attacks
metals: Tác nhân từ môi trường
ăn mòn kim loại
agitation cup n. type of paint pot for
spray guns fitted with an integral
agitator: Cốc trộn sơn
l agitator n. device for mixing
paint by shaking: Bình trộn sơn
bằng cách lắc
A.h. = Ampere-hour: Ampe giờ
AH rim n. rim design able to run
with a flat tyre and with increased
safety in case of sudden air loss:
Niềng xe kiểu AH (có thể chạy khi
xì vỏ)
aimer n. tool for aiming headlights:
Dụng cụ cân chỉnh đèn đầu
aiming n. adjusting the direction of
headlight beams: Sự cân đèn đầu
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
air bellows
air n. mixture of gases forming the
atmosphere: Không khí
l put some air in the tyres = inflate
the tyres: Bơm bánh xe.
l Here is too much air in the mixture
= the mixture is too weak: Hỗn
hợp quá yếu.
air bag n. bag in the fascia region
which inflates on impact and
thus saves the occupants of the
vehicle from injury caused by
being thrown against the interior
structure in a collision: Túi khí,
gối hơi
l air bag module or unit = the air
bag plus inflator and cover: Cụm
túi khí
l air bag restraint system = system
using an air bag to restrain
occupants in a collision: Hệ thống
bảo vệ khi va chạm bằng túi khí
(NOTE: this is also called a passive
restraint system)
air bellows n. rubber vessel or
sleeve filled with compressed gas
or to act as a compression spring
in air suspensions: Ống giảm
chấn khí
l air brake n. brake mechanism in
which compressed air acting on
a piston or diaphragm is used to
apply the brakes; mainly found in
17
air-cooled
commercial vehicles: Phanh hơi
l air charge temperature (ACT) n.
temperature of the air sucked into
the carburettor or fuel injection
system: Nhiệt độ không khí nạp
l air cleaner n. = air filter: Lọc gió
l air compressor n. device for
supplying compressed air, e.g.
for paint spraying or in an air
brake system: Máy nén khí
l air-conditioning n. system of
filtering air and keeping it at
a desirable temperature and
humidity level: điều hoà không
khí
air-cooled a. cooled by a current
of air as opposed to water, etc.:
Làm mát bằng khí
(NOTE: opposite is liquid-cooled)
l air correction jet n. jet admitting
air into the emulsion tube of a
carburettor: Giclơ không khí,
giclơ gió
l air cushion n. = air bag: Túi khí
l air dam n. spoiler under the
front bumper to reduce wind
resistance: Tấm giảm lực cản gió
phía trước
l air deflector n. US = AIR SHIELD:
Tấm chắn gió
l air duct n. any passage conducting
18
air/fuel
air, particularly for heating and
ventilation: Ống dẫn không khí
trên hệ thống điều hòa
l air filter n. device for filtering dust
and dirt out of the air drawn into
the carburettor or fuel injection
system through the air intake:
Lọc gió
l air filter element = element of
absorbent paper or felt inserted
into the air filter, which catches
dirt and dust in the air drawn into
the engine: Màng lọc gió
l airflow n. flow of air past a moving
object, especially a vehicle, or
through a duct: Lưu lượng dòng
chảy không khí
l airflow sensor = sensor in an
electronically controlled fuel
injection system which has a flat
that is deflected by the intake air
and thus governs the amount of
fuel delivered; it also incorporates
a temperature sensor: Cảm biến
lưu lượng không khí
air/fuel (A/F) a. relating to the
combination of air and fuel in the
charge for combustion: Tỉ số gió
và nhiên liệu, tỉ lệ hòa khí
l a lean or rich air/ fuel mixture =
a mixture containing little or a lot
of fuel in relation to air: Hỗn hợp
hòa khí giàu hoặc nghèo
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
air gulp system
l variations in the air/ fuel ratio =
variations in the amount of fuel in
relation to air, more air resulting
in a lean or weak mixture, less air
in a rich mixture: Sự thay đổi của
tỉ lệ hòa khí
air gulp system n. system in vehicles
with secondary air injection or
induction, which prevents an
over-rich mixture being supplied
to the inlet manifold during
deceleration, resulting in unburnt
fuel being carried over to the hot
exhaust system where it cause
uncontrolled detonations: Hệ
thống thêm gió khi giảm tốc
air hold fitting n. special tool for
work on OHV-engine used to
keep valves closed by means of
air pressure: Dụng cụ ép sú-páp
bằng khí nén
air horn n. motor horn in which a
blast of compressed air through a
reed: Còi hơi.
l air induction or injection system n.
secondary air system without air
pump, using aspirator valves and
the pulse air principle to introduce
fresh air into the exhaust system
to promote afterburning of
unburnt hydrocarbons and
carbon monoxide: Hệ thống luân
hồi không khí vào ống thải
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
air line
l air injection manifold = duct inside
or a tube outside the cylinder
head feeling secondary air into
the exhaust ports: Đường ống
dẫn không khí vào ống thải.
l air intake n. opening through
which air enters, especially for
the carburetor or fuel injection
system, for the radiator or the
heating and ventilating system:
Đường dẫn không khí
l airless spraying n. spraying
process in which the coating
material is not atomized by a
stream of air, but is subjected to
high pressure, which causes it
to pass through a jet or nozzle
allowing it to be atomized and
projected: Phun sơn bằng áp lực
l air-less spray gun = spray gun
used for air–less spraying: Súng
sơn nén
air line n. (a) pipe hose or duct which
conveys air or vacuum: Ống dẫn
khí hoặc chân không.
(b) compressed air supply for inflating
tyres, driving compressed air
tools, etc.: Bơm bánh xe
l air micrometer n. precision
control for adjusting the air
quantity delivered by a spray gun:
Bộ chỉnh gió trong súng phun
19
 air ratio
l air outlet n. opening from which
air exits, especially for ventilation
and demisting: Cửa thông gió
l air pressure n. pressure exerted
by air, e.g. on the diaphragm of a
brake servo: Áp lực không khí
air ratio n. air/air ratio, i.e. the ratio of
the actual intake air volume to the
air volume theoretically needed
for complete combustion of the
fuel content of air/ fuel mixture:
Hệ số dư lượng không khí
air receiver n. = AIR TANK: Bầu
chứa không khí, bình khí nén
l air select valve n. valve in a
two-stage catalytic converter
with secondary air injection,
which is solenoid-operated and
is triggered by the electronic
control module to direct air to
the exhaust valve ports or the
catalytic converter, depending
on operating conditions: Van
điều khiển bơm không khí vào
ống thải
l air sensor n. sensor which
monitors the air quantity inside
the car, checks it for the presence
of pollutants, and operates flaps
to cut off the external air to the
air conditioning system if the
pollutant concentration is too
high: Cảm biến không khí trong xe
20
air volume
l air shield n. sloping panel on
the roof of a vehicle, especially
a commercial vehicle or trailer,
intended to improve air-flow:
Cánh dẫn hướng gió trên mui
(NOTE: US English is air defector)
l air shock absorber n. shock
absorber incorporating a rubber
boot filled with compressed air
serving as an auxiliary pneumatic
spring; mainly used for lever
control purposes on the rear axle
of a vehicle, e.g. when towing
heavy trailers: Bộ giảm chấn khí
l air silencer n. device usually
incorporated in the air filter to cut
out induction hiss: Bộ phận giảm
thanh trong lọc gió
l air spring n. = AIR BELLOWS:
Giảm chấn bằng khí
l air suspension n. vehicle
suspension in which air or gas
in compression is the principal
or only spring medium: Hệ thống
treo khí
(NOTE: also called pneumatic
suspension)
l air tank n. container for
compressed air, especially for a
compressor: Bầu chứa khí nén
l air volume n. quantity of air: Thể
tích không khí
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Al
Al = Aluminium: Nhôm
alarm (system) n. theft protection
system, which typically provides
the following function: exterior
and interior protection; locking
the boot and bonnet; making the
ignition system inoperative: Hệ
thống chống trộm
alarmed a. protected by an alarm:
Được (gắn) chống trộm
align v. to bring into line or be in line
(with something): Canh thẳng
hàng
l aligning punch n. tool used to
align holes, e.g. for inserting a
screw or bolt or to centre round
components with other parts:
Chốt định vị
l alignment n. state of being in line
or act of bringing into line: Sự
canh thẳng hàng
l alignment mark = mark, e.g. on
a timing gear or camshaft pulley,
which must be brought into line
with another mark too give the
correct position: Dấu chỉ thị, dấu
cân chỉnh
alkaline battery n. secondary battery
using an alkaline electrolyte
(dilute potassium hydroxide) and
used for driving electric cars: Ắc-
quy kiềm
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
all-out braking
l alkaline degreasing n. removal
of any greasy substances with an
alkaline solution: Dung dịch kiềm
để tẩy.
all-alloy engine n. engine in which the
cylinder head, block, crankcase
and sump are all of light alloy:
Động cơ hợp kim
l all-aluminium body n. body
shell made almost entirely of
aluminium: Khung nhôm
allen key n. key (in effect a spanner)
for recessed hexagon screws
and bolts, consisting of a bar with
a right angle bend and six flats in
the end: Chìa khóa lục giác
l allen screw = type of recessed
hexagon screw: Vít lục giác chìm
alligator clip n. US = crocodile clip:
Kẹp cá sấu
all-out braking n. using the maximum
braking effort available: Sử dụng
hết khả năng phanh
l the car loses directional stability
under all-out braking = the car
tends to swerve when the brakes
are applied as hard as possible:
Xe bị mất hướng chuyển động
khi đạp phanh hết cỡ
l alloy n. (a) any metallic substance
of various elements: Hợp kim
21
alloy wheel
(b) any light metal, typically
aluminium: Kim loại màu sáng
l alloy piston = piston made
primarily of aluminium: Piston
hợp kim nhôm
alloy wheel or (informal) alloys n.
wheels made of light alloy, mainly
aluminium but also magnesium,
for sports and other high-speed
cars: Bánh xe hợp kim
all-steel body n. body shell made
almost entirely of steel, as
opposed to a body with a
wooden frame and panels made
of steel or
aluminium: Khung thép
l all-terrain a. for use on any kind
of surface: Cho mọi địa hình
l all-terrain tyre = tyre mainly for
off-road vehicles: Vỏ xe chạy mọi
địa hình
l all-terrain vehicle = off-road
vehicle: Xe địa hình
l all-wheather tyre n. tyre suitable
for use in rain and on snowy or
icy roads as well as in warm and
dry conditions: Vỏ xe chạy mọi
thời tiết
l all-wheel drive n. & a. = four-
wheel drive: Bốn bánh chủ động,
xe hai cầu
22
aluminium
l all-wheel steering = four-wheel
steering: Hệ thống lái bốn bánh
alternating current (AC) n. a
continuous electric current that
periodically reverses direction:
Dòng điện xoay chiều
(NOTE: opposite is direct current)
alternator (ALT) n. generator which
produces three-phase alternating
current inside its stator windings:
Máy phát điện xoay chiều
l alternator charging light = warning
light on the instrument panel
which comes on when the
alternator is not charging: Đèn
báo sạc
altimeter n. instrument showing
height above sea level: Dụng cụ
đo độ cao tuyệt đối
alumina n. form of aluminium oxide
used as substrate for ceramic
catalysts: Một dạng của nhôm
oxit được sử dụng như chất xúc
tác cho vật liệu gốm.
l alumina beads = tiny beads of
alumina used in some catalytic
converters: Bột nhôm cho bộ
xúc tác
aluminium n. silvery lightweight
metallic element resistant to
corrosion (AL): Nhôm
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ambient air
l aluminium alloy = metal
containing aluminium mixed with
another metal or metals: Hợp kim
nhôm
l aluminium wheel = alloy wheel:
Bánh xe hợp kim nhôm
l aluminized a. coated with
aluminium or aluminium paint:
Phủ nhôm
ambient air n. air outside and
surrounding the vehicle: Không
khí bên ngoài
l ambient temperature n. outside
temperature: Nhiệt độ môi trường
l ambient temperature switch =
switch which delays compressor
action in an air-conditioning
system when the outside
temperature is low: Cảm biến
nhiệt độ môi trường
l ambulance n. vehicle designed
for carrying sick or injured people:
Xe cấp cứu
l ammeter n. instrument for
measuring (in amperes) the
electrical current flow in a circuit:
Ampe kế
l amp = Ampere
l amperage (rating) n. strength
of an electric current in amperes,
used e.g. for making fuses: Cường
độ dòng điện (qua cầu chì)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
amplifier
l ampere n. the basic unit for
measuring electric current,
usually abbreviated to amp: Đơn
vị đo cường độ dòng điện, viết tắt
là amp.
l Ampere-hour (A.h.) n. unit of
the quantity of electricity flowing
in one hour through a conductor
carrying a current of 1 ampere:
Điện lượng của một dòng điện 1
ampere chạy qua vật dẫn trong
1 giờ
l a 36 A.h. battery = a battery with
a capacity of 36 ampere-hours:
Dung lượng của ắc quy là 36 A.h
l Ampere-hour capacity = quantity
of electricity which a battery can
deliver under given conditions
such as temperature, rate of
discharge, and final voltage,
depending on the number of
plates used: Dung lượng của một
ắc quy (tính bằng ampere-giờ).
amplifier n. device used to produce
a larger electrical signal, as to
amplify sound signals in radios,
etc.: Thiết bị khuếch đại
l ignition amplifier = device used
to increase the electrical signal in
an electronic ignition system: Bộ
khuếch đại tín hiệu đánh lửa (IC
đánh lửa)
23
amplitude modulation
amplitude modulation (AM) n. form
of radio transmission in which
the frequency of the carrier wave
is uncharged, but its amplitude
varies in accordance with the
input signal: Sóng AM trong radio
analogue cluster n. instrument
panel display using dials and
numbers: Bảng đồng hồ, tableau
kim
(NOTE: opposite is electronic
cluster)
anchorage n. fixing point for a
seat belt, seat or other stress-
bearing item which is not part of
the structure: Chỗ neo đậu, nơi
giữ cố định
anchor bolt n. = through bolt: Bu-
lông định vị, bu-lông chốt
ancillaries n. components placed
close to or fitted on the engine,
such as alternator, power steering
pump, supercharger, fuel pump
and water pump, and driven by
the engine: Các phụ tải gắn trên
động cơ (qua puli trục khuỷu)
aneroid-type thermostat n.
thermostat consist of a metallic
bellows partially filled with
acetone, alcohol or similar volatile
liquid: Van hằng nhiệt dùng ống
chứa chất dễ bay hơi
24
anneal
angle grinder n. power tool (either
electric or driven by compressed
air) with abrasive discs, especially
for removing old paintwork and
smoothing the surface prior to
spraying: Máy mài góc
l angle-nose pliers n. pliers with
jaws having a right-angle bend,
for gripping e.g. items in a recess,
etc.: Kìm mũi vuông
l angle of lock n. angle between the
line through the centre of a wheel
seen from above when taking a
corner and the same line when
going straight: Góc lái giới hạn
l angle parking n. parking at an
angle to the pavement or parking
line: Đậu xe xiên góc với lề
đường.
(NOTE: also called echelon parking)
l angle screwdriver n. screwdriver
usually having two blades at
either end, both at right angles to
the shank: Tuốc nơ vít chữ Z
l angular motion n. = rotation: Sự
xoay vòng, quay
anneal v. to treat (a metal, alloy, or
glass) with heat and then cool it
to remove internal stress and to
make the material less brittle: Tôi,
tôi thép
l annealing furnace n. oven
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
annular
or furnace with controllable
atmosphere in which metal, an
alloy, or glass is annealed: Lò tôi
annular a. in the form of a ring:
Hình vòng, hình khuyên
l annular gap = circular gap: Khe
hở vòng.
l annulus (gear) n. hollow gear-
wheel in the form of a ring with
either internal teeth, as in epicyclic
or planetary transmissions, or
external teeth: Vòng răng trong.
anode n. positive electrode in an
electrolytic cell: Cực dương.
l anodic coating or film or oxide
layer n. protective, decorative,
or functional coating, formed in
an anodizing process: Màng (lớp)
ôxít ở cực dương
l anodize v. to deposit a hard,
non-corroding oxide layer on
(aluminium or light alloy): Cực
anốt.
l anodizing n. process by which
a hard, non-corroding oxide layer
is deposit on aluminium or light
alloys: Ôxít hóa anốt.
l anodizing bath or tank = tank in
which the anodising process is
performed: Bồn ôxít hóa anốt
ANS = anti-noise system: Hệ thống
chống ồn
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ANSI
ANSI (stand for) American National
Standard Institute: Viện Tiêu
chuẩn Quốc gia Hoa Kỳ
l anti-chipping primer or filler =
a resilient primer protecting
paintwork from chipping cause
by gravle or stones: Lớp sơn lót
chống trầy
l anti-corrosion a. combating and
protecting against corrosion,
especially rust: Chống ăn mòn
l anti-corrosion warranty = a
warranty, usually limited to
corrosion damage, valid for an
average of 6 years: Giấy bảo
hành không bị ăn mòn
l anti-corrosive a. inhibiting
corrosion: Chống ăn mòn.
l anti-dazzle mirror n. = dipping
mirror: Gương chống chói
l anti-dive (system) n. front
suspension arrangement that
converts the down-ward force
in the suspension links caused
by braking into a vertical force
that tends to lift the body, thus
reducing dive under braking: Hệ
thống chống chúi đầu xe
l anti-drum compound n. sticky
material, usually based on
bitumen or rubber, applied to the
inside of panels to reduce noise
25
antifreeze
due to vibration or ‘druming’: Vật
liệu chống rung
antifreeze n. chemical, such as
ethylene glycol, added to the
cooling water of an engine
to lower its freezing point: Chất
chống đông
antifriction bearing n. any bearing
supporting its load on rolling
surfaces, such as balls, rollers
or needles, to minimize friction:
Vòng bi, bạc đạn
anti-knock additive or agent n. petrol
additive preventing premature
ignition (i.e. knocking or pinking )
of the mixture in the combustion
chamber, e.g. tetraethyl lead or
tetramethyl lead: Chất chống
kích nổ
l anti-knock index n. measure
of the antiknock properties of
the petrol, particularly in North
American, where it is defined
as half the sum of the research
octane number and motor octane
number: Chỉ số chống kích nổ.
anti-rattle spring n. = spreader
spring: Lò xo chống rung
l anti-roll bar n. steel torsion bar
running across the car as part
of the front and, less frequently,
rear suspension layout and
used to reduce body roll during
26
anti-sway bar
cornering: Thanh ngang chống
lật khi quay vòng.
l anti-rust treatment n. treatment of
iron and steel, i.e. using sealant,
for the purpose of corrosion
protection: Xử lý chống rỉ sét
(NOTE: also called rust proofing)
l anti-skid braking system (AS-BS)
n. = anti-lock braking system: Hệ
thống phanh chống trượt
l anti-spin regulation (ASR) n.
control or prevention of wheel
spin under power, normally by
means of electronic sensing
and in conjunction with anti-lock
braking: Sự điều khiển chống
trượt
l anti-squat system n. rear
suspension arrangement that
converts the downward force
cause by acceleration into a
vertical force that tends to lift the
rear body, thus reducing ‘squat’
under acceleration: Hệ thống
nâng đuôi xe khi tăng tốc
l anti-squeal shim n. shim places
behind the brake piston (or behind
the brake pad in disc brakes) to
reduce squeal: Miếng đệm chống
ồn khi phanh
l anti-sway bar n. US = anti-roll
bar: Thanh chống lắc (đảo) xe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
anvil
l anti-thief system n. either an
alarm system, or an additional
locking device (especially for the
steering wheel), or an electric
circuit immobilizing the car by
disconnecting the start and/or
ignition: Hệ thống chống trộm
l anti-vibration mounting n. flexible
(typically rubber) mounting for
an engine, gearbox or another
mechanical item that reduces the
amount of noise and vibration
passed from the item in question
to the chassis: Giá chống rung
anvil n. heavy iron block on which
something is placed for forging:
Cái đe
A-pillar or A-post n. upright member
in front of the front door, a major
structural part of the body frame:
Trụ đỡ khung cửa phía cửa
trước
application n. a state which
something is put : Sự đặt vào, sự
tra vào
l applicator n. tool for putting
something onto a surface, such
as spreader for filler: Dụng cụ
rắc, trét
l apply v. to put (something) on
(to something): Đặt lên
apron n. panel extending downwards,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
arcing
typically forming a skirt along the
side of the car or an air dam at
the front: Tấm chắn
AQL (stand for) acceptable quality
level: Mức chất lượng có thể
chấp nhận.
aquaplaning n. loss of contact
between the tyre and a wet
road when it rides upon a layer
of surface water: Sự trượt trên
đường ướt
aqueous solution n. water-based
solution: Dung dịch chứa nước
arbor n. rotating shaft or spindle
in a machine tool on which, for
example, a grinding wheel or
piece for machining is fitted: Trục
chính, đầu lắp
arc v. to jump across a gap, especially
of an electric current forming a
discharge: Hồ quang điện
arcing n. (a) sparking and discharge at
the contact breaker points in the
distributor, a cause of premature
wear of the points: Sự phóng tia
lửa trên vít lửa
(b) faulty spraying technique where
the spray gun is not moved along
the panel surface at a uniform
distance, but is moved towards
the panel when starting and is
moved away again towards the
27
arc welding
end of the panel; this results in
uneven thickness of paint being
applied: Sơn không đều
arc welding n. welding process
widely used for do it yourself
repairs (as the required equipment
is fairly cheap) in which the
welding current is generated by
a transformer, and the circuit is
closed when the electrode held
in the welding rod holder touches
the metal surface; the electrode
burns off as the rod holder is
moved along: Hàn hồ quang điện
armature n. coil or coils of wire
around a metal core in which
electric current is induced in a
generator, or in which the input
current interacts with a magnetic
field to produce torque in a motor:
Phần ứng (máy điện)
l armature brake n. mechanical or
electrical component in a starter
used to stop armature movement
after the starter motor has been
switched off: Cơ cấu hãm trục
phần ứng khi ngắt điện
l armature shaft n. shaft on which
the armature is mounted in a starter
or generator: Trục phần ứng
armour-plated a. made bullet-proof,
e.g. with extra-thick body panels
and glass: Bọc thép chống đạn
28
aspirator valve
articulated a. made in two separate
sections, with a joint or coupling
between them; especially of
commercial vehicles consisting
of a tractor or towing unit and a
trailer, having a swivelling coupling
giving better manoeuvrability:
Được nối bằng khớp nối
l articulated bus = bus in two
sections, usually a single-decker,
with passenger accommodation
in both sections: Xe buýt hai
khoang
asbestos-free a. Không có amiăng
ASBS= anti-skid braking system: Hệ
thống phanh chống trượt
ASC see anti-spin regulation
ascending stroke n. = up-stroke:
Kỳ đi lên.
ASD = automatic slip-control
differential: Vi sai tự động kiểm
soát trượt.
aspect ratio n. ratio between the
height and the width (e.g. of a
tyre): Tỉ số giữa chiều cao và
chiều rộng lốp xe
aspiration n. sucking in of the air/
fuel mixture or breathing process
of an internal combustion engine:
Sự hút
aspirator valve n. check valve in air
induction systems: Van hút.
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ASR
ASR = anti-spin regulation: Quy định
chống quay
assemble v. to put together or build
up (something) from a number of
parts: Lắp ráp
l assembled crankshaft = build up
crankshaft: Trục khuỷu được ráp
từ nhiều đoạn
l assembly n. the process or result
of putting together a number of
components: Sự lắp ráp, quy
trình lắp ráp.
l assembly line = production line
where a vehicle is progressively
built up from its individual
components: Dây chuyền lắp ráp
asymmetric (al) a. not having parts
that correspond, not uniform
(especially in distribution): Không
đối xứng
l asymmetric power distribution or
split = transmitting more power to
the front or rear wheels in a four
wheel drive: Sự phân phối công
suất không đối xứng
l asymmetric beam = a headlight
beam which has greater
intensity on one side than the
other: Chùm ánh sáng đèn đầu
không đối xứng
l asymmetric rim = wheel rim
where the well is located outside
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
atomize
the centreline of the wheel: Niềng
xe không đối xứng
(NOTE: opposite is symmetric rim)
ATC = automatic temperature
control: Điều khiển nhiệt độ tự
động
ATDC (stand for) after top dead
center: Sau điểm chết trên
ATE = automatic test equipment:
Thiết bị kiểm tra tự động
ATF = automatic transmission fluid:
Dầu hộp số tự động.
atmospheric corrosion n. gradual
destruction or alteration of metals
or alloys by contact with substance
present in the atmosphere, such
as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water
vapour, and sulphur and chlorine
compounds: Sự ăn mòn hóa học
trong không khí
l atmospheric pressure n. pressure
exerted by the atmosphere at
the earth’s surface: Áp suất khí
quyển
atomize n. to produce a fine spray,
e.g. of paint: Sự tán nhuyễn, làm tơi
l atomizer n. device for producing
a fine spray e.g. on a spray gun:
Cơ cấu làm mịn tia sơn phun
l atomizing pressure n. pressure
needed to atomize a liquid such
29
atramentizing
as a paint: Áp suất tán nhuyễn
sơn.
atramentizing n. corrosion protection
process in which steel is coated
with phosphate using a zinc
phosphate solution at 900C: Phủ
kẽm lên thép để chống ăn mòn
attachment n. a fitting or accessory
to be used in conjunction with a
tool such as a grinding disc for
use with an electric drill: Đồ gá
attack n. example of corrosion or
another damaging, especially
chemical, action: Sự tác động
attenuation n. reduction, especially
of noise or emissions: Sự cắt
giảm ô nhiễm hoặc tiếng ồn
ATV = all-terrain vehicle: Xe địa hình
authorized dealer n. firm selling and
servicing a particular make of
vehicle, appointed by the
manufacturer: Đại lý ủy quyền
auto 1 n. & a. = automatic n.: Tự
động
2 US = automobile: Ô tô, xe hơi
l auto bonnet = car cap: Ca-pô ô tô
l autochoke n. = AUTOMATIC
CHOKE: Cánh bướm gió tự động.
autoclave n. sealable high-pressure
container used for polymerisation
and in tyre production: Nồi hấp
30
automatic
trong công nghiệp nhựa và sản
xuất lốp xe
automatic n. colloquial short form
for automatic transmission, or a
car with automatic transmission:
Từ viết tắt để chỉ hộp số tự động
hoặc xe có hộp số tự động
l automatic air conditioning (system)
= air-conditioning system which
automatically maintains a preset
temperature: Hệ thống điều hòa
không khí tự động
l automatic air recirculation
(control) system = heating and
ventilation subsystem which
automatically switches to the
recirculation mode when the
pollutant levels of the air inside
the vehicle exceed certain levels
(e.g. in rush-hour nose-to-tail
traffic), but after a certain period
of recirculation (typically after 3
minutes), opens the intake air doors
again to let some fresh air in, even
if its quality is still questionable:
Hệ thống tuần hoàn không khí
tự động
l automatic choke = device in the
carburetor intake which positions
the choke valve automatically
in accordance with engine
temperature or time: Bướm gió
tự động
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
automatic closing system
l automatic closing system = (ASD) = electronically controlled,
system which automatically closes
doors, windows and sunroof: Hệ
thống đóng cửa tự động
l automatic frequency control =
automatic retuning of stations on
the FM waveband when subject
to drift: Dò đài FM tự động
l automatic gearbox = gearbox
in an automatic transmission
system which changes gear
automatically: Hộp số tự động
l automatic level control or
levelling system = suspension
system that automatically adjust
front and rear ride heights to
compensate for changes in axle
loads; this can either be achieved
by adding air absorbers to a
conventional suspension system,
or by incorporating the system
in a sophisticated pneumatic or
hydro-pneumatic suspension
system: Tự động điều khiển độ
cứng hệ thống treo
l automatic muting = car radio
circuit which automatically
cancels noise output during
tuning: Mạch trong radio tự động
loại bỏ nhiễu khi dò đài
l automatic seat belt = inertia reel
seat belt
l automatic slip-control differential
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
automatic volume control
automatic locking differential
developed by Mercedes-Benz:
Cơ cấu khóa vi sai tự động
l automatic speed control = cruise
control: Điều khiển ga tự động
l automatic temperature control
(ATC) = device for maintaining
a constant temperature in the
vehicle interior: Thiết bị điều
khiển nhiệt độ tự động
l automatic test equipment (ATE)
= usually electronic equipment
for testing ignition, wiring, fuel
injection systems, etc: Thiết bị
kiểm tra tự động
automatic transmission n.
transmission which changes the
gear ratio without assistance from
the driver and without interruption
of power flows, the changes
being governed by factors such
as engine load and vehicle road
speed (although the driver
usually has a manual override):
Hộp số tự động
l automatic transmission fluid
(ATF) = special oil used in
automatic transmissions: Dầu
hộp số tự động
automatic volume control (AVC)
n. car ratio circuit which
automatically adjusts the volume
31
automobile
to the noise level in the car: Sự
điều chỉnh âm lượng tự động
l automic wear adjuster n. device
that compensates automatically
for wear, e.g. in the brakes or
clutch: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh tự động
độ êm dịu (phanh, ly hợp)
l automatic wire stripper n. wire
striper that automatically adjusts to
the size of the wire to be stripped
and removes the insulation without
damaging the wires inside: Kìm
tuốt dây điện tự động
automobile n. dated or formal word
for motor car in British English,
but still widely used in American
English: Xe hơi, ô tô
l automobile association = major
motoring organization, specially
the automobile association (AA)
in great British and American
automobile association (AAA):
Hiệp hội ô tô
l automobile engineering = l automotive engineering = the
automotive engineering: Kỹ thuật
ô tô, công nghệ ô tô
l automobile industry = motor
industry: Công nghiệp ô tô
l automobile manufacture = motor
manufacture: Nhà sản xuất ô tô
l automobile mechanic = motor
mechanic: Thợ sửa chữa ô tô
32
AUX
l automobile polish = car polish:
Sự đánh bóng ô tô
automotive a. relating to or occurring
in motor vehicles: Thuộc về ô tô,
trong ô tô
l automotive adhesive = adhesive
used in the manufacture of motor
vehicles: Keo sử dụng trong sản
xuất ô tô
l automotive electronics =
applications of modern electronics
to the motor vehicles: Điện tử ô tô
l automotive electrician =
electrician working on and
designing systems for motor
vehicles: Thợ điện ô tô
l automotive emissions = all types
of release into the atmosphere
from motor vehicles, including
exhaust gas, fuel and crankcase
fumes, and noise: Chất thải từ
động cơ ô tô
design and construction of motor
vehicles: Kỹ thuật (cơng nghệ)
ơtơ
l automotive tool = tool for use in
the construction or repair of motor
vehicles: Dụng cụ sửa chữa ô tô
AUX = auxiliary: Thiết bị phụ, phụ
tùng.
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
auxiliary
(NOTE: an abbreviation often used
to label fused)
auxiliary a. additional, supplementary:
Thiết bị phụ.
l auxiliary brake lights = additional
brake lights mounted at eye level
in the rear window to reduce the
risk of being run into from behind:
Đèn phanh phụ
l auxiliary drive shaft = secondary
drive shaft driving for example,
the fuel or water pumps or
distributor: Bán trục phụ
l auxiliary driving lamp = lamp
supplementing the light from the
headlamps, such as a fog lamp
or spot lamp: Đèn lái phụ.
l auxiliary gearbox = extra gearbox
used in conjunction with the main
(manual) gearbox to provide an
additional range of speeds: Hộp
số phụ
l auxiliary leaf = helper leaf (in a
leaf spring): Nhíp phụ
AVC = automatic volume control
average 1 n. mean value or rate:
Giá trị trung bình
2 v. to achieve a certain mean value
or rate: Đạt giá trị trung bình.
3 a. found by calculating the mean
value or rate: Giá trị trung bình
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
axle
l average fuel consumption = the
distance covered divided by the
time taken or the fuel used: Tốc
độ tiêu thụ nhiên liệu trung bình
aviation fuel n. fuel suitable for
aircraft: Nhiên liệu cho máy bay
awl n. tool with a sharp point and a
fluted blade for piercing holes:
Cái dùi
awning n. roof of canvas or similar
material stretched out from e.g.
a caravan for protection from the
sun and rain: Mái che, mui xe
axis n. centreline about which a
body can or could rotate, or
which divides a figure into two
symmetrical parts: Trục
axle n. transverse bar, tube, shaft
or beam which carries wheels at
their end: Vi sai cầu xe
l axle casing = external, basically
tubular housing containing the
differential and half-shafts and
with bearings at either end for the
hubs: Vỏ vi sai
l axle housing = axle casing: Vỏ
cầu xe (vi sai)
l axle load = axle weight: Tải trọng
cầu xe
l axle stand = tripod which is
adjustable for height and used for
33
axle tramp
supporting the vehicle for longer
jobs: Con đội ba chân
l axle tramp = rocking or oscillation
of an axle under heavy acceleration
or braking due to inadequate
damping: Sự rung động của cầu
khi tăng tốc hoặc phanh
l axle tube = that part of the axle
casing enclosing the half-shaft,
or the tube forming a tubular rigid
axle: Vỏ cầu phần bán trục
34
axle shaft
l axle weight = that part of the
weight of a vehicle resting on
the wheels of an axle: Tải trọng
cầu xe.
l axle drive n. final drive: Truyền
động cuối cùng
l axle shaft n. short shaft
connecting the differential and
the drive shaft on each side in an
independent suspension layout:
Bán trục cầu xe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Babbitt metal
Bb
Babbitt metal n. alloy of tin,
copper, antimony, and lead still
occasionally used for bearing
surfaces: Hợp kim chống mài
mòn trong bề mặt bạc lót
baby seat n. seat for babies weighing
up to about 20 lbs, normally
installed facing backwards on
the front seat and allowing a half
upright seating position: Ghế
dành cho trẻ em
BAC = Blood Alcohol Content: Nồng
độ cồn trong máu
back axle n. rear axle, usually on a
four-wheel vehicle: Cầu sau
l back axle ratio = Final drive ratio: Tỉ
số truyền động cuối cùng
backbone chassis n. chassis based
on a single central spine carrying
or containing the drive train, the
body shell being mounted on
outriggers: Khung chính
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
backing light
backfire 1 n. explosion either at the
wrong time in the cylinder or
of unburnt or only partly burnt
mixture in the exhaust system,
causing a loud bang: Tiếng nổ ở
ống thải do lửa trễ hoặc hoà khí
chưa cháy hết
2 v. to make a loud bang as a result
of unburnt or only partly burnt
mixture exploding in the exhaust
system or the cylinder: Gây ra
tiếng nổ lớn ở pô
backlash n. excessive play in a
mechanical system such as gears
or linkages, due to looseness or
flexing: Khoảng chết, khe hở
backing light n. US = rear window:
Kính sau
l (US) backing heater or defogging
system = heated rear window:
Hệ thống xông kính sau
l back panel n. = REAR PANEL
35
backplate
backplate n. fixed heavy-gauge metal
plate attached to the suspension
and carrying the brake shoes and
brake operating mechanism of a
drum brake, or the plate carrying
the brake pad in a disc brake:
Mâm phanh
(NOTE: US = backing plate)
back pressure n. any pressure
holding back the flow of the
gases in an exhaust system: Áp
suất ngược của khí thải
backrest n. back of a seat: Lưng ghế
back up v. US = REVERSING: De
xe, lùi xe
back up alarm n. US reverse warning
signal: Kèn báo lùi xe
l back-up light n. US = REVERSING
LIGHT: Đèn lùi xe
back-voltage n. voltage which
opposes the current when the
current in an inductive circuit
changes and the magnetic fields
cut the conductors: Điện áp
ngược
l self-induction back-voltage
= back-voltage produced by
self- induction; this induced
electromotive force opposes the
change in current and enhancing
it if the current is decreasing:
Điện áp ngược tự cảm
36
balance
badge n. typically, the maker’s logo
in coloured enamel on chrome
plate but can also be letters or
symbols indicating a particular
type or model, such as V-12, 16V,
fiesta, etc.: Biểu tượng, mác,
nhãn
baffle plate n. usually transverse
steel plate reducing the flow or
motion of gases or liquids, e.g.
in a silencer, in the sump of an
engine or in a fuel tank: Tấm chắn
giảm dòng chảy
bake v. to dry or cure a paint or other
finish using heat: Nung, sấy
bakelite n. proprietary, hard, brittle
plastic used in the early days
of plastic engineering, esp. for
electrical parts because of its
good insulating properties: Nhựa
cách điện, nhựa bakêlit
balance 1 n. state in which weight is
evenly distributed: Sự cân bằng
2 v. to fix weights, e.g. to the rim of
a wheel or a crankshaft in order
to correct weight distribution and
thus reduce vibration: Làm cân
bằng
l balance crankshaft = crankshaft
with extended webs to form
counterbalances or a vibration
damper: Trục khuỷu đã được cân
bằng động
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
balanced engine
l balanced engine = engine in
which all reciprocating parts such
as pistons and connecting rods
are adjusted to the same weight:
Động cơ đã cân bằng
l balance control n. knob or slide
control which adjusts the level of
the left and right speakers of a
stereo system: Nút cân bằng âm
thanh giữa loa trái và phải
l balance disc n. balance device
in centrifugal pumps, in the
front of a disc fitted to the pump
shaft, which lifts when a force is
generated on the underside of
the disc, leaking pressure until
the axial forces are balanced: Đĩa
cân bằng (bơm ly tâm)
l balance pipe n. in a twin
carburetor layout, a pipe joining
the inlet tracts or choke tubes
of the two carburetors to even
out differences in flow: Ống cân
bằng
l balance shaft n. additional rotating
shaft in the crankcase fitted with
counterweights, esp. in single
and twin cylinder engines, to
reduce vibration: Trục cân bằng
l balance weight n. small lead
weight fitted to the wheel rim to
restore wheel balance: Miếng chì
bấm niềng xe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ballast ignition system
l balancer n. wheel balancer: Thiết
bị cân bằng bánh xe
l balancing n. adjustment of
incorrect and uneven weight
distribution: Điều chỉnh để cân
bằng động
l balancing weight = balance
weight: Đối trọng
bald tyre n. tyre on which the tread
is completely worn away: Lốp xe
quá mòn
balk ring n. = baulk ring: Vòng cản
ball n. (a) spherical part, e.g. in a ball
bearing or a ball socket joint: Bi
(b) = towball: Khớp nối cầu
l ball and nut steering n. =
recirculating ball steering: Hệ
thống lái kiểu bi tuần hoàn
l ball and socket n. = ball joint:
Khớp cầu
ballast ignition system n. ignition
system incorporating a ballast
resistor connected in series with
the coil primary winding and
bypassed when the starter is
operated, ensuring improved cold
starting performance and spark
efficiency: Hệ thống đánh lửa có
điện trở phụ
l ballast resistor = resistor in
which the resistance increase
37
ball bearing
as the current passing through it
increases, used in motor vehicles
to control the output from the
coil at high engine speeds and
provide a better spark for starting:
Điện trở phụ
ball bearing n. most common type
of antifriction bearing, comprising
two rings or races between which
hardened steel balls run in tracks,
and able to absorb both axial and
radial loads: Bạc đạn bi, vòng bi,
ổ bi
l ball bearing puller = puller for
removing ball bearings that sit on
a shaft and in a housing: Cảo ổ bi
(bạc đạn)
l ball cage n. circular frame which
holds the balls in place in a ball
bearing: Vòng bi, rế bi
l ball end hexagon screwdriver
n. screwdriver with a ball type
hexagon tip allowing it to be used
at an angle of up to 300 from the
screw head: Tuốc nơ vít đầu lục
giác có vòng bi
l ball joint n. mechanical coupling in
which ball on the end of one part
moves freely within a recessed
spherical socket in the end of
another, often used in suspension
and steering linkages: Khớp cầu
38
bandwidth
l ball joint separator = tool for
forcing out ball or tapered joints,
either in the from of the simple
fork with wedge–shaped jaw
which is struck with a hammer
to separate the joint, or a tool
using direct pressure from a
screw–activated lever action to
split the joint: Thiết bị tháo khớp
cầu
ball peen hammer n. hammer with
a head having one flat and one
rounded end: Búa đầu tròn
l ball socket n. recessed spherical
socket for receiving the ball in a
ball joint: Hốc cầu
l ball valve n. non-return valve
comprising a recessed spherical
seating into which a ball fits to
cover a hole, closing if the flow of
liquid is reversed: Van bi, van một
chiều
bal res = ballast resistor: Điện trở
phụ
band brake n. brake consisting of
a steel band with a friction lining
passing round a drum, which
contracts and grips the drum,
when the brake is applied: Đai
phanh
bandwidth n. range of audio
frequencies an audio component
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
banger
such as a car stereo can handle:
Băng tần
banger n. (informal) old, cheap and
well-worn car, which may be still
serviceable: Ô tô cũ
l banger racing = racing beat-up old
saloons from which the glass and
trim have been removed on small
tracks, with aggressive driving
and frequent contact between the
car: Cuộc đua ô tô cũ
banjo n. (a) type of right-angled
union for a pipe or flexible hose,
comprising a ring–shaped piece
on the end of the pipe through
which a threaded hollow bolt is
passed: Đai siết ống, cổ dê
(b) drum-shaped central part of
an axle casing containing the
differential: Bán cầu vi sai
l banjo axle = rear axle with a
drum-shaped differential casing:
Vỏ cầu vi sai dạng bán cầu
bar n. unit of pressure; one bar
equals 100 kilopascals or 14.5
pound-force per square inch:
Đơn vị đo áp suất
bar clamp n. tool with a fixed head
and a sliding foot for clamping
purposes: Thanh kẹp
barometric pressure sensor n.
sensor in an engine management
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
base
system providing information on
ambient barometric pressure
for the adjustment of mixture
etc., which is important for the
maintenance of good engine
performance at different altitudes:
Cảm biến đo áp suất khí quyển
barrel n. main tubular section of a
carburetor including the air intake
and choke tube: Họng khuếch tán
bộ chế hòa khí
barrier cream n. special cream
recommended for use when
working on cars to reduce soiling
of the hands and prevent skin
infections or allergic reactions
when working with substances
such as oils, thinners, paints,
etc.: Kem bảo vệ da
l barrier effect n. the effect produced
by coatings shielding especially
metal surfaces from corrosive
agents: Tác dụng chống ăn mòn
l barrier paint n. primer which
isolates a top coat from a surface
or other finish with which it is
incompatible: Sơn lót
base n. lowest supporting part of
a usually upright member, or
bottom layer or coating in a paint
system: Nền, đế, bệ, căn bản
l base coat n. first coat in a paint
system, either an undercoat or
39
basic ignition setting
primer, or a coloured coat to be
coverd in a coat of clear lacquer:
Lớp sơn lót
l base material n. material under a
coating or which is to be coated:
Vật liệu nền
l base metal n. metal under a
coating or which is to be coated:
Kim loại nền
l base metal attack = corrosion of
the metal under a finish: Sự ăn
mòn kim loại nền
l baseplate n. strong metal
plate which forms the base of
something: Tấm đế kim loại
basic ignition setting or timing n.
position to which the ignition is
set, which is then varied by the
automatic advance system: Thời
điểm đánh lửa cơ bản
l basic price n. minimum list price
of a certain car model, to which
must be added any tax or extras,
the charge for delivery, number
plates, etc.: Giá chưa thuế, giá gốc
l basic timing n.=basic ignition
timing: Thời điểm đánh lửa cơ
bản
batch n. 1 number of things produced
as a group: Một lượt, một đợt
2 mixture of natural and/ or synthetic
rubbers, and vulcanizing agents,
40
battery acid
used in tyre production: Hỗn hợp
cao su và chất lưu hoá
bath n. process of immersion or the
container used: Bồn, bể, chậu
battery n. on most cars, a lead-acid
storage-battery, usually of 12
volts: Ắc-quy, bình điện
l the battery is flat or dead = there
is no current left in the battery:
Ắc-quy hết điện
l check the battery and top up if
necessary = check the level of
the battery acid in the battery
cells and add distilled water to
restore the level if needed: Kiểm
tra mực dung dịch và châm nước
battery acid n. fluid in the cells of a
car battery, in fact sulphuric acid:
Dung dịch điện phân
l battery capacity n. = ampere
hour capacity: Dung lượng ắc-
quy
l battery case n. housing made
of polypropylene used to
accommodate the cells of a
battery with their plates and
separators, and the battery acid:
Vỏ bình điện, vỏ ắc-quy
l battery charge n. condition of the
battery in relation to the amount
of currently stored unit: Sự sạc,
nạp bình
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
battery charge indicator
(NOTE: also called state of charge)
l battery charge indicator =
instrument showing the state of
charge of the battery: Đèn báo
sạc
l battery charger = device which
can be plugged into the mains and
connected to a storage battery to
restore its state of charge: Máy
sạc bình
l battery charging station = centre
with high capacity battery
chargers for recharging batteries,
esp. of electric cars: Trạm sạc
bình
l battery compartment n. separate
space provided for the battery,
usually under the bonnet but
sometimes below the rear seat or
in the boot: Ngăn đặt ắc-quy
l battery condition n.= battery
charge: Tình trạng ắc-quy
l battery connector n. plug on a
battery-powered vehicle to connect
the batteries to a charging station:
Dây nối ắc-quy
l battery cover n. one-piece cover
permanently sealed to the battery
case and with common batteries
provided with one opening for
each of the individual cells for
filling and topping-up purposes,
such openings are usually
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
battery fluid
closed by plugs but are absent
on modern maintenance-free
batteries: Nắp đậy ắc-quy
l battery discharge controller n.
device on a vehicle with electric
motor drive, which triggers a
warning indicator and/ or turns
off the power supply when the
battery voltage drop below a
certain minimum level: Thiết bị
bảo vệ ắc-quy khỏi sự phóng điện
l battery discharge indicator =
instrument on vehicles with
electric motor drive which
indicates battery charge condition
in percent of full charge: Đồng hồ
báo độ phóng điện ắc-quy
l battery earth n. earth provided
by a braided earth strap or
a heavy –duty cable leading
from the negative terminal (or
exceptionally, in positive earth
systems, from the positive
terminal) to a suitable point on
the body or chassis: Nối mass
ắc-quy
l battery filler n. device with a
suction ball which can suck up
liquid and discharge it into the
battery: Thiết bị châm dung dịch
ắc-quy
l battery fluid n. = battery acid:
Dung dịch điện phân
41
battery igniti
l battery ignition system n. general
term for any battery-powered
ignition system where battery
voltage by an ignition coil or
transistorized ignition unit: Hệ
thống đánh lửa bằng ắc-quy
l battery master switch n. switch
which disconnects the battery
completely and cuts off power to
all electrical components: Công
tắc ngắt mass ắc-quy
l battery post n. round terminal on a
battery to which cable is attached,
usually by a clamp: Cọc bình
To avoid confusion, the positive post
is usually of larger diameter than
the negative post: Để tránh nhầm
lẫn, cọc dương thường lớn hơn
cọc âm
l battery state indicator = battery
charge indicator: Đèn báo nạp
l battery terminal n. terminal on
the battery either on the front of
a post or a lug with a hole; also
used sometimes to mean the
clamp on the end of the cable:
Cực ắc-quy
l battery tester n. voltage meter or
hydrometer for checking the state
of charge of a battery: Thiết bị
kiểm tra ắc-quy
l battery tray n. metal ledge
supporting the battery, usually on
42
bead
the side of the engine bay: Khay
đựng ắc-quy
baulk ring n. part in a synchromesh
gearbox which prevents a gear
being engaged too soon: Vòng
đồng tốc
bayonet cap n. cylindrical base of
an electric light bulb, usually with
two pins projecting on either side,
which engages in J-shaped slots
to lock the bulb securely in its
socket: Đuôi đèn
l bayonet fitting = socket with either
twin contacts or a single contact
and j-shaped slots on either side
to receive the pins of the bulb:
Rãnh chụp đuôi đèn
BDC = bottom dead centre: Điểm
chết dưới
bead n. (a) the part of a tyre which is
shaped to fit the rim, made of steel
wires wrapped and reinforced by
the plies of the tyre: Đường gân
trên vỏ xe
(b) any small ball-like part, such as
the glass beads used in bead
blasting or the pellets used in
contains catalytic converters: Hạt
chứa chất xúc tác
l bead base n. the part of the tyre
bead in contact with the rim bead
seat: Tanh chính
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bead seat mat
l bead blasting n. cleaning process
using glass beads that is fairly
slow, but gives a high-quality finish
since paint and contamination
can be removed without affecting
the critical tolerances of parts
being blasted: Sự xử lí bề mặt
khi sơn
l bead core n. ring of steel wires in
the tyre bead: Lõi tanh vỏ
bead seat mat n. seat cover made of
a network of wood beads: Thảm
bọc ghế bằng các miếng gỗ nhỏ
beam axle n. now used for any rigid
axle, but the original sense was
a non-driven axle form of an
I-section beam: Dầm cầu bị động
dạng chữ I
beam indicator n. light on the
instrument panel which comes
on usually only when the main
headlight beam is in use: Đèn
báo pha
bearing n. device which supports
or positions a usually rotating
or reciprocating part such as a
shaft, esp. in such a way that
little or no friction results: Bạc
lót, ổ bi
bearing assembly n. assembly
of more than one bearing for
the same component, where
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bearing clearance
more than one load has to be
supported: Cụm ổ bi
l bearing cage n. circular frame
which holds the balls or rollers in
place in a ball or roller bearing:
Rế giữ bi trong ổ bi
l bearing cap n. rigid, semicircular
part which encloses and holds
the outer shell of a shell bearing,
as in the main bearings of an
engine: Nắp đầu to thanh truyền
bearing clearance n. space between
the bearing surface and its journal:
Khe hở giữa biên và bạc lót
l check the conrod for big-end
bearing clearance = check
the gap between big-end and
crankpin: Kiểm tra khe hở giữa
đầu to thanh truyền và cổ trục
khuỷu
l bearing cone n. = taper roller
bearing: Ổ bi côn
l bearing cup = bearing shell: Bạc
lót hai nửa
l bearing housing n. housing for
a bearing, such as the centre
section of a turbocharger which
supports compressor and turbine
housings and the shaft to which
the compressor and turbine
wheels are attached: Thân đỡ
bạc lót
43
bearing material
l bearing material n. metal layer
forming the surface of a plain
bearing, typical of white metal:
Lớp kim loại bề mặt bạc lót
l bearing puller n. tool used to
remove different types of bearings
by pulling action: Dụng cụ tháo
(cão) bạc đạn
l bearing race n. in balls or rollers
bearings, one of two steel rings
between which the balls or rollers
run in tracks: Vòng của bạc đạn
l bearing separator n. special tool
used to separate double bearings
or close fitting gear, esp. when
a conventional jaw-type puller
cannot be used, having bevelled
edges which allow insertion
behind the bearings and gears to
be separated: Dụng cụ tháo bạc
đạn đặc biệt
l bearing shell n. one of a pair of
thin semicircular steel cups lined
with an alloy such as copper-lead
or lead-indium, which together
enclose a shaft or other rotating
member, and are held in a circular
housing which can be divided into
two halves: Bạc lót hai nửa
l bearing spread n. diameter
slightly greater than that of the
housing with which almost all
main and big-end bearings are
44
bell housing
manufactured; this means that
the bearing shell has to be force
into place, and so can not rotate;
there is also total contact between
its back and the housing: Sự căng
lưng bạc lót
l bearing surface n. area of the
bearing actually in contact with
the shaft or other member being
supporting: Bề mặt tiếp xúc của
bạc lót
bed n. flat area used as a support:
Nền móng
l bed in v. to make parts fit together
accurately: Chạy rà
l it take a while for new brake pads
to bed themselves in = new brake
pads have to wear slightly to be a
perfect fit on the discs: Cần thời
gian để những bố phanh ăn khớp
hoàn toàn với đĩa phanh
l bedding-in oil n. engine oil for
use when run in new bearings:
Dầu chạy rà máy
beefed up a. made stronger, e.g. for
heavy loads: Làm cho mạnh
bell housing n. circular housing
between the crankcase and
gearbox containing the flywheel
and clutch, or the torque
converter in the case of automatic
transmission: Các-te bánh đà
(đầu trâu hộp số)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
belt
belt n. (a) loop of strong material
passed round two or more
pulleys and transmitting drive
from one to the other, such as
a fan belt or timing belt: Dây đai
(truyền động)
(b) = seat belt: Dây đai an toàn
(c) reinforcing layer or layers of steel
or nylon strands in the carcass of
a radial fly tyre: Lớp bố vỏ xe
l belt anchorage n. point where
the end of a seat belt is attached
to the body of a car: Mấu giữ đai
an toàn
belt drive n. system for transmitting
power by means of a belt
passing round pulleys: Truyền
động dây đai
belted bias tyre n. hydrid tyre which
is a mixture between cross-
ply and radial-ply designs, with
added belts (as in radial tyres)
on diagonal body plies (as in
cross-ply tyres), resulting in stiffer
sidewalls than with straight radial
tyres: Loại vỏ với lớp bố xiêng
(chéo)
l belt end n. part of the seat belt
carrying the buckle and attached
to the floor pan, increasing
replaced by buckle attached
directly to the car seat: Đầu giữ
dây đai an toàn
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bench
belt mounting n. = belt anchorage:
Mấu giữ đai an toàn
l belt retractor n. device which
automatically pulls the seat belt
back into its reel: Cơ cấu rút đai
an toàn
l belt sander n. power sanding
tool with a rotating belt lined with
abrasive: Máy đánh bóng bằng
băng vải nhám
l belt slacker n. looseness of a
drive belt: Sự giãn dây đai
l belt slip n. slipping of a drive belt
on its pulleys due to insufficient
tightness, so that no power is
transmitted: Sự trượt đai
l belt tensioner n. arrangement
for tightening a drive belt, often
comprising an idler pulley whose
position can be adjusted: Thiết bị
căng đai
l belt transmission n. : Đai dẫn
động trong hộp số tự động
l belt up v. to put on one’s seat
belt (to buckle up belt): Khoát dây
đai an toàn.
l belt webbing n. : Sự khoác dây
đai an toàn
l belt webbing n. strong webbing
material used for seat belts: Đai vải
bench n. workbench, also used to
45
bench seat
mean a test bed for engines: Bàn
thợ máy, băng thử động cơ
l bench grinder n. power grinder
for mounting on a workbench, with
two grinding wheels for grinding
and sharpening purposes: Bàn
máy mài
bench seat n. seat in one piece
stretching across the full width of
the car: Ghế dài trong xe
bench test n. stationary test, esp. of
an engine, in which it is mounted
in a test bed and run for a period
of time checks being made with
the aid of instruments on e.g.
power output, fuel consumption
and emission levels: Băng thử
kiểm tra động cơ
bench vice n. vice for mounting on a
workbench: Ê tô
bending pliers n. pliers with flat
smooth jaws used to hold sheet
metal in place,e.g. for welding:
Kìm mỏ cong (dùng trong kỹ
thuật hàn)
l bending strength n. ability of a
material to resist the bending
moment: khả năng chịu uốn
Bendix drive n. form of drive mainly
used for starter motors, where a
pinion is mounted on a shaft with
a helical screw and rushes down
46
bit
the shaft into engagement with
the starter teeth in the flywheel
when the shaft is spun: Truyền
động bằng bánh răng Bendix
trong máy khởi động
n. also called inertia drive, due to the
heavy piston moving along the
shaft under the momentum of its
own weight or inertia when the
shaft turns inside it: Truyền động
quán tính
l Bendix screw = the form of helical
screw on the shaft of a starter
motor: Rãnh xoắn ốc
l Bendix starter = starter motor with
a bendix drive: Máy khởi động sử
dụng bánh răng Bendix
benzene n. fluid constituent of petrol
(C6H6): oại hydrocacbon thơm,
mạch vòng
binnacle n. cluster of instruments and/
or switches mounted in a usually
circular casing fixed on or near the
steering column: Dụng cụ đo hay
công tắc đặt trên vô lăng lái
bio-degradable a. cable of being
made to rot by bacteria: Có thể bị
hư do vi sinh
bit n. part of a tool for boring or
cutting, esp. the interchangeable
tip of a drill or the blade of a
screwdriver: Mũi khoan, đầu mỏ
hàn, lưỡi dao
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bevel differential
l bit adapter or holder = tool with
a female square drive at one
end to accept hexagon bits: Bộ
phận gá tuýp
bevel differential n. differential which
bevel gear for its main element,
which allows the input and output
shaft to be at right angles to one
another: Bộ vi sai bánh răng nón
bevel drive shaft n. shaft with a bevel
gear at one ends, used esp. for
driving an overhead camshaft:
Trục dẫn động bánh răng nón
bevel gear n. gear shaped in the
form of a frustum of a cone, used
to transmit motion through an
angle: Bánh răng nón (côn)
l bevel gear drive or transmission
= form of transmission used to
drive shafts which do not align
with the output shaft: Sự truyền
động vuông góc
beverage holder n. circular clip
for holding a beaker or glass,
typically on the centre console:
Vòng giữ
bezel n. circular metal surround or rim
of an instrument, headlamp: Đai
giữ BHP = brake horsepower:
công suất phát động (hãm).
bias belted tyre n. = cross–ply tyre:
Vỏ có lớp bố xiên
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Bi-hexagon
bicycle carrier n. device attached to
the rear of a car, often supported
on a towbar, for carrying a bicycle:
Giá treo xe đạp (trên xe hơi)
big-block engine n. US typical large
American V-8 engine of the 1960s
and 70s, with a simple and robust
design including cast-iron block
and heads and conventional
carburetors, and giving ample
power and enormous torque:
Động cơ lớn của Mỹ
big end n. end of the connecting rod
which fits round the crankpin:
Đầu to thanh truyền
l big-end bearing = bearing of the
connecting rod on the crankpin,
now nearly always in the form
of replaceble shell bearings, but
formerly of white metal deposited
on fixed shells: Bạc lót đầu to
thanh truyền
l big-end bolt = one of the bolts
fixing the big–end cap to the
connecting rod: Bulông đầu to
thanh truyền
l big-end cap = the detachable end
of the connecting rod which fits
on the crankpin: Nắp đầu dưới
thanh truyền
Bi-hexagon n. & a. (figure) having
twelve angles; the shaft of some
nuts, botls heads and their
47
bimetallic corrosion
corresponding sockets: Có mười
hai cạnh
l bi-hexagon socket = 12-point
socket: Tuýp mười hai cạnh
l bihexagonal a. (of a nut, bolt
head, etc.) having twelve angles
or points: Có mười hai cạnh
bimetallic corrosion n. corrosion of
two different metal exposed to
an electrolyte while in electrical
contact: Sự ăn mòn điện hóa của
lưỡng kim
binding n. (a) rubbing of brake shoes
against the drum or of brake pads
against the disc: Sự bó phanh
(b) strip material turned over along
the edge of a carpet or mat: Rìa
bao, viền
bituminuous paint n. black or dark
coloured tarry paint which contain
bitumen; used for the protection
of exposed metal parts: Sơn có
chứa nhựa
black box n. (informal) (a) = crash
recorder: Hộp đen
(b) = control unit: Cụm điều khiển
l black chromium plating n.
electrolytic deposition of a black
chronium layer for decorative
purpose: Mạ crôm đen
l blackening n. = bulb blackening:
48
bleed
Bóng đèn hỏng (đen tim)
blade n. straight, narrow flat part,
such as the end of a screwdriver,
the part of the windscreen wiper
in contact with the windscreen,
or one of the vanes of a rotor or
impeller: Lưỡi, cánh, mái, phiến
l blade connector = plain metal
tongue for forming electrical
connections: Phiến giắc nối (dây
điện)
l blade rubber = rubber strip fitted
into the arm of a windscreen
wiper: Miếng cao su trên cần gạt
nước (lá mía).
l bladed impeller n. rotating
member of a centrifugal pump
fitted with blades or vanes: Cánh
bơm
l blanking plug n. rubber plug for
filling holes in the floorpan: Nút bịt
bằng cao su
blast cleaning n. remove of
corrosion, dirt, scale, etc., by a
blast of abrasive particles: Sự
làm sạch bằng chất nhám
bleed v. to drain fluid from (a hydraulic
system) usually to remove any air
which may have found its way in:
Xả gió
l bleed(er) screw = screw which
when slacked off allows hydraulic
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
blind rivet
fluid to escape: Vít xả gió
l bleed(er) valve = valve which
when opened allows hydraulic
fluid to escape: Van xả gió
blind rivet n. = pop rivet: Đinh tán
đầu chìm
l blind spot n. area not visible from
the driver’s seat: Điểm mù
blister n. bubble in the paintwork
cause by trapped moisture or air
under the paint or by rust: Bong
tróc, rộp lên, phồng lên (sơn)
blistering n. formation of blisters due
to rust or air or moisture trapped
under the paint: Sự bong tróc
l blocking ring n. = baulk ring:
Vòng đồng tốc
block n. = cylinder block: Khối xi-
lanh
l block sanding n. sanding the
bodywork with a sanding block
which gives even sanding
pressure: Phun cát
blood alcohol (level or content) n.
amount of alcohol in the blood
due to drinking: (Nồng độ) cồn
trong máu
blooming n. formation of an undesired
thin surface film or a milky white
haze or mist on paintwork, which
can occur when paint is applied
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
blow
during humid, cold conditions
and is caused by moisture being
trapped in the wet film: Sự ngưng
tụ hơi nước trên lớp sơn khi sơn
xe trong thời tiết lạnh ẩm
blow 1 v. to become defective, either
by leaking or burning through: Bị
hư vì rò hoặc cháy
2 n. leak of air or gases,e.g. from the
exhaust: Sự rò khí
l the silence or exhaust gasket is
blowing = gases are leaking from
the silencer or exhaust gasket:
Khí thải đang rò rỉ từ ống giảm
thanh (pô)
l the short circuit causes the fuse
to blow = the fuse burnt through
because of the overload caused
by the short circuit: Ngắn mạch
gây ra đứt cầu chì
l blowback n. forcing back of some
of the air/fuel mixture through the
carburetor due to a sticking valve
or as a result of the inlet valve
closing late: Nổ dội
l blow-by n. leakage of compressed
air/ fuel mixture and gases (from
combustion) past the piston rings
into the crankcase: Sự lọt khí
l blowdown n. escape of gases
between the opening of the
exhaust valve and the piston
49
blowdown period
reaching bottom dead centre, or
in a two-stroke engine between
exhaust port opening and transfer
port opening: Sự quét khí
l blowdown period = in a two-
stroke engine, the period between
exhaust port opening and transfer
port opening which should be
sufficiently long to drop below
time for the cylinder pressure,
so that the exhaust gases can
be expelled more easily: Chu kỳ
quét khí
l blower n. (a) (informal) =
supercharger: Bộ tăng áp (nén
khí) dẫn động bằng puli cốt máy
(b) fan for an interior heating and
ventilation system, or more rarely
for an air-cooled engine: Quạt gió
(giàn lạnh)
l blower switch = switch for the
fan of a heating and ventilation
system: Công tắc quạt gió
l blow gun n. pressure–fed spray
gun with a wide nozzle used to
blow out crevices, dust off large
areas, etc.: Súng thổi sạch (để
sơn)
l blowlamp n. tool giving an intense
flame for burning off paint, brazing
and soldering, and heating lead
filter. In US English, which is blow
torch: Đèn đốt sơn
50
bodge
l blow-off valve n. spring-loaded
valve that prevents excessive
boots pressure in a turbocharger
or supercharger: Van xả khí
(tăng áp)
l blow out v. to clean (a blocked
pipe,etc.) by blowing or passing
air under high pressure through
it: Thổi khí áp suất cao (để
thông ống)
l blow-out n. puncture in which
the tyre bursts and often leaves
the rim: Nổ vỏ
blue smoke n. exhaust smoke
indicating too rich a mixture: Khói
xanh (hỗn hợp quá giàu)
BMC = British Motor Corporation
BMW n. the letters standing for
bayerishe motoren werke: Một
thương hiệu xe hơi của Đức (viết
tắt của chữ Bayerishe Motoren
Werke).
board n. = printed circuit board: Bo
mạch in
l board test = test of the printer
circuit board: Kiểm tra bo mạch in
bodge 1 n. (informal) a hasty
botched-up repair, not carried out
with the proper tools or materials:
Sự sửa chữa tạm thời, chắp vá
2 v. (informal) to do work badly,
not using the proper tools or
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
body
materials: Sửa chữa vội vã
body n. (a) main visible upper
structure of a vehicle, as opposed
to the chassis and running gear:
Thùng, thân xe
(b) main part or housing, e.g. of a
silencer: Vỏ bọc, thân
(c) shank of a bolt: Thân bu-lông
l body assembly n. building up of the
body from its various components
and panels: Sự lắp ráp thân xe
l body builder n. coach-builder:
Thợ làm đồng xe
l body-coloured a. (of bumpers,
etc.) painted in the same colour
as the body: Sơn cùng màu
thân xe
l body component n. structural part
of the body: Thành phần thân xe.
body construction n. manufacture
of a vehicle body: Sự chế tạo
thân xe.
l body fire n. hand tool for smoothing
body panels by removing material
from the surface, e.g. on filled
areas, consisting of a file blade
held in an adjustable holder that
may be adapted to convex or
concave surfaces: Dụng cụ làm
phẳng bề mặt
l body filler n. filler: Thợ trét ma tít
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
body shell
l body framing n. assembly of the
body components: Sự lắp ráp
khung xe
l body glass n. windows and
windscreen of a car: Kính xe
l body hammer n. hammer for
knocking out dents: Búa gò thân xe
l body-in-white n. bare body shell
after welding but before painting:
Thân xe trước khi sơn
l body jack n. hydraulic device for
proving the force to push or pull
damaged body part into shape,
either directly or via straightening
equipment, e.g. pulling beams:
Con đội dùng nắn khung
l body repair n. repair to the
bodywork of a car made
necessary by accident damage
or corrosion: Sửa chữa thân xe
(làm đồng)
l body repair shop = workshop
specializing in the body repairs:
Xưởng sửa chữa thân xe (xưởng
đồng sơn)
l body roll n. rolling a vehicle’s
body when cornering: Sự lật thân
xe khi quay vòng
l body shell n. the bare skeleton of
a vehicle, stripped of all running
gear, fittings, accessories and
detachable panels: Bộ khung xe
51
bogie
l body shop n. (a) body assembly
shop in a factory: Xưởng lắp ráp
thân xe
(b) = body repair shop: Xưởng làm
đồng sơn
l body stripe n. ornamental strip
along the bottom of the side of
the body usually on sports cars
and including the maker and /
or model name in large letters:
Đường viền thân xe
l body tub n. bare body shell
minus all removable panels such
as doors and wings on cars
featuring a separate chassis
which is lowered onto the chassis
during assembly: Bộ khung xe
(trừ các chi tiết có thể tháo được)
l bodywork n. complete body
structure mounted on the chassis
of vehicles with separate chassis,
and the complete assembly of
sheet metal panels for car of
unitary construction: Thân xe
bogie n. assembly of four wheels
on two axles with common
suspension, usually on heavy
commercial vehicles and trailers:
Rơ moóc
boil v. to bubble and change party
to vapour due to heat, said of
engine coolant and colloquially of
52
bonnet badge
a car or its engine, also of brake
fluid: Làm sôi
l boiling point n. temperature at
which a liquid boils: Điểm sôi
(nhiệt độ)
bolt n. piece of metal bar with a
screw thread and a usually
hexagon head, for use with a nut
or for screwing into a part with a
matching female
thread: Bu-lông
bond 1 n. state of adhesion: Trạng
thái gắn chặt.
2 v. to join by means of an adhesive:
Dán, liên kết, nối
l bonding agent n. material that
provides adhesive properties:
Chất kết dính
l bonding method n. method of
joining two parts together with an
adhesive: Phương pháp kết dính
bonnet n. Hinged cover over the
engine bay, usually of metal but
now often of fiberglass. In US
English, which is hood : Nắp ca-
pô, nắp đậy máy
bonnet badge n. badge usually
stating the maker in sometimes
the model of vehicle in the centre
of the front edge of the bonnet:
Biểu tượng hãng trên nắp ca-pô
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bonnet liner
bonnet bump rubber or bonnet
bump n. rubber buffer mounted
on the vertical panel onto which
the bonnet is lowered: Đệm nắp
ca-pô
bonnet liner n. sound-absorbing
material attached to the inside
of the bonnet to reduce engine
noise: Lớp cách âm trong ca-pô
bonnet lock n. locking mechanism
comprising a notched peg fixed
to front underside of the bonnet,
which fits into a hole with a sliding
latch in the panel above the grille:
Cơ cấu khóa nắp ca-pô
l bonnet release n. cable with a
handle inside the vehicle which
releases the bonnet lock: Chốt
mở ca-pô (bên trong xe)
l bonnet (support) stay n. rod
which engages in a hole in the
bonnet to hold it in the open
position: Thanh chống nắp ca-pô
l bonnet tape n. double piping
with fabric covering used to keep
bonnet of on older-style cars from
rubbing in the paintwork of the
panels beneath them: Đường
viền nắp ca-pô
booming n. low-pitched resonance,
esp. in the exhaust: Tiếng nổ
vang ở ống thải
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
boost
boost 1 n. addition power, pressure
or charge, esp. the pressure from
a supercharger: Sự tăng áp, tăng
công suất
(NOTE: also called boost pressure)
2 v. to increase (power, charge,
pressure, etc.), amplify (an audio
signal, etc.): Tăng, khuếch đại
l boost control valve = blow-off
valves: Van điều khiển tăng áp
l booster n. amplifier unit which
increase the audio signal level at
the loudspeakers, fitted between
the radio or stereo unit and the
speakers, often mounted in the
boot: Bộ khuếch đại (âm ly)
l booster battery n. additional
battery connected in series to
give added power for starting:
Ắc-quy được mắc nối tiếp để khởi
động
l booster cable = n. jump lead:
Dây nối ắc-quy
l booster coil n. addition coil which
increase the strength of the
spark: Cuộn dây bôbine phụ (để
tăng điện áp đánh lửa)
l boost gauge n. instrument
indicated boost pressure: Thiết bị
đo áp suất tăng áp
l boost pressure n. pressure
53
boot
in the intake system of the
superchargered engines when
the superchargered operates: Áp
suất tăng áp
l boost sensor n. sensor located
in the choke tube which sends a
signal to the ignition control unit
according to pressure conditions,
and the control unit then adjusts
the ignition timing for optimum
performance: Cảm biến đo áp
suất tại bướm ga
l boost valve n. valve in a hydraulic
system which amplifies pressure:
Van tăng áp (trong hệ thống thủy
lực)
boot n. (a) separate area for lugguage
behind the rear seats and mostly
behind the rear window, or below
the rear window in the case of
fastback designs, with a hinged
cover: Ngăn hành lý (ca-pô sau)
(b) = dust boot: Vỏ chắn bụi, vỏ chụp
(c) = wheel clamp: Cái kẹp bánh xe.
l booted version n. subsequent
saloon version with boot of a
model originally launch as a
hatchback: Ngăn hành lý riêng
biệt
l boot handle n. handle for opening
the bootlid: Tay cầm mở ngăn
hành lý (ca-pô sau)
54
botch
l bootlid n. hinged cover for the
boot: Nắp ngăn hành lí phía sau
bore 1 n. (a) diameter of a cylinder,
especially of a cylinder in an
internal combustion engine:
Đường kính xi-lanh động cơ
(b) internal wall of a cylinder: Vách
xi-lanh
2 v. to bore and stroke an engine =
to increase the bore and stroke of
an engine: Làm tăng đường kính
và khoảng chạy của pít-tông
l to bore out an engine = to
increase the bore of an engine:
Tăng đường kính xi-lanh, xoáy
xi-lanh, lên cốt
l bore per stroke ratio n. relation of
the piston stroke to the diameter
of the cylinder of an engine,
which provides information as
to whether the engine is a short
stroke or a long stroke unit: Tỉ số
giữa khoảng chạy và đường kính
xi-lanh
bossing mallet n. mallet with a pear-
shaped wooden head commonly
used for shaping and stretching
metal over a sandbag or wooden
block: Cái vồ đầu lồi
botch 1 n. very badly executed
piece of work: Sự làm hỏng, sự
làm vụng về
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bottle jack
2 v. to do (a piece of work) very
badly: Làm hỏng, làm vụng về.
l botched-up job = (informal) very
badly executed repair which is
unlikely to last very long: Sửa
chữa quá tồi
bottle jack n. small hydraulic jack
in the shape of a bottle: Con đội
hình chai
l bottleneck n. narrow stretch of
road, or point on a road where
traffic is held up: Chỗ đường hẹp
dễ bị tắc nghẽn
bottom 1 a. lower or lowest: Thấp
nhất 2 n. lowest point: Phần đáy,
dưới cùng
3 v. (a) (of suspension) to reach the
bottom end of its travel causing a
jolt: Đạt đến điểm cuối (hệ thống
treo)
(b) (of a low part of vehicle) to make
contact with the ground: Điểm
tiếp xúc với mặt đường
l bottom dead centre (BDC) (1) n.
lowest point of travel of the piston
in a (vertical) piston-operated
combustion engine, from which
the piston starts to move up-
wards again until it reaches the
upper point of travel (top dead
center): Điểm chết dưới
(2 example) the inlet valve closes
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bottom tank
600 after bottom dead centre =
the inlet valve closes 600 after
the piston’s lowest point: Van nạp
đóng sau điểm chết dưới 600
(3 example) opposite to the top
dead centre, the corresponding
point (to BDC) in a horizontally
opposed or ‘flat’ engine is that
furthest from the combustion
chamber, also called outer dead
centre: Đối diện với điểm chết
trên, tương ứng với BDC và cũng
gọi là outer dead centre
l bottom end n. (a) all moving
part in the crankcase and their
bearings, or more narrowly,
the end of the connecting rod
attached to the crankshaft (the
big end): Đầu to thanh truyền
(b) lower range of engine revolutions:
Vùng tốc độ thấp của động cơ
l bottom end torque = pulling
power at low engine speed: Mô-
men xoắn tại tốc độ thấp
l bottom gear n. first gear: Số một
l bottoming n. contact between a low
part of a vehicle and the ground:
Điểm tiếp xúc với mặt đường
bottom tank n. bottom radiator tank
in a thermosyphon water-cooling
system: Thùng chứa dưới (của
bộ tản nhiệt)
55
bounce
bounce v. (a) (of valves or contact
breaker points) to chatter or
bounce instead of closing
properly at high speeds: Nảy lên,
bật lên
(b) to put down and release a conner
of a vehicle : Sự hạ xuống và bật
lên của một góc xe
bowden cable n. control cable
consisting of a wire cable in
a sheath, especially used for
choke, clutch, and accelerator
cables: Cáp điều khiển
bowser n. tanker for refuelling
especially military vehicles and
aircraft: Thùng tiếp tế nhiên liệu
box n. = silencer: Hộp giảm thanh
l box spanner n. spanner in the
form of a tube with one or two
hexagonal socket ends for fitting
over nuts and bolt heads, and
with holes in the sides to accept
crossbar called a tommy bar:
Ống tuýp
l box van n. van with a large
square-sectioned enclosed area
for goods behind the driver’s cab:
Xe có thùng chứa hàng hóa
l box wrench n. Khóa vòng.
B-pillar or B-post n. upright member
behind the front door supporting
the roof and carrying the striker
56
brake
plate for the front door and, in
the case of four-door models, the
hinges for the rear door: Trụ giữa
ở khung cửa xe
brace n. part providing support or
reinforcement between two or
more components: Giá, khung,
trụ chống, thanh giằng
l bracing n. (a) stiffening by mean
of braces: Sự gia cố
(b) brace; part used to provide of
support: Thanh giằng
bracket n. support usually made from
metal strip for a part carried on or
suspended from a vehicle, such
as a fog lamp or exhaust system:
Giá đỡ, dầm công xôn
braided hose n. usually rubber
pipe covered in woven material
or braided wire, for fuel lines or
brake hoses: Ống được bọc bố
brake 1 n. (1) mechanism for slowing
or stopping a vehicle in motion, or
for holding it when standing still:
Cơ cấu phanh, phanh
(2) device for measuring the power
of an engine: Thiết bị đo công
suất động cơ
(3) = shooting brake: Phanh bị đâm
(d) to put on or apply the brakes = to
brake: Đạp phanh
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
brake adjuster
(4) to stand on the brakes = to brake
hard: Kẹt phanh
l to test an engine on the brake =
to find out how much power an
engine develops: Đo công suất
động cơ
l dynamometer = the device is
used to test an engine: Thiết bị
đo công suất động cơ
l brake adjuster n. device in a
drum brake system for moving
the shoes in relation to the drum:
Cơ cấu điều chỉnh phanh (phanh
trống)
l brake adjusting spanner = special
spanner with a square cutout to fit
over a square adjuster projecting
from the brake backplate. In US
English, which is brake wrench:
Khóa điều chỉnh phanh
l brake adjusting tool = lever-tyre
tool used on drum brakes with
star wheel adjustment, which fits
through a slot in the backplate to
turn the star wheel and adjust the
clearnce between the brake shoe
and the drum: Dụng cụ điều chỉnh
phanh
l brake band n. device used to hold
one of the three turning members
of the planetary gear set in an
automatic gearbox stationary in
order to change gear ratios, being
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
brake dive
replaced in more modern designs
and multiple-disc clutches: Đai
phanh
l brake bleeder n. workshop
equipment used to bleed air from
hydraulic brake, clutch or steering
system on vehicles: Dụng cụ xả
gió phanh
l brake cable n. wire cable used
to operate the brakes in some
mechanical brake systems,
still used for trailers and for the
handbrake on most cars: Dây cáp
phanh
l brake caliper n. assembly in a disc
brake system fitting over the disc
and containing the piston which
acts on the brake pads, which in
turn presses on the disc: Bộ kẹp
phanh
l brake cylinder n. = wheel cylinder:
Xi-lanh phanh
l brake disc = A flat metal disc in
a disc brake system, mounted on
a wheel hub and rotating with the
wheel until acted on by the brake
pads. In US English, it is known
as disc brake rotor: Đĩa phanh
l brake dive n. dipping of a car’s
front end or lifting of the rear
end, opposite is squat. When the
brakes are applies, due to a load
57
brake drum
transfer from the rear to the front
suspension: Sự chúi đầu xe khi
phanh
l brake drum n. metal drum
mounted on a car hub to from the
outer shell of the brake, against
which the brake shoes press to
slow or stop rotation of the drum
and wheel: Trống phanh
l brake fade n. loss of friction in the
brakes and thus stopping power
due to overheating: Sự trượt
phanh (do quá nhiệt)
l brake failure n. complete failure
of the brakes to function: Hư
hỏng phanh
brake fluid n. special thin oil used
in hydraulic brake systems to
transmit force through a closed
system of pipes (i.e. brake lines):
Dầu phanh
l brake fluid reservoir = usually a
translucent plastic tank located
either directly on top of the
master cylinder or on a higher
lever for easier access, which
contains two chambers in dual-
circuit braking systems, and may
include a lever sensor: Bình dầu
phanh
brake horsepower n. power developed
by an engine which is measured
by a brake or dynamometer; often
58
brake mean effective pressure
abbreviated as bhp: Công suất
động cơ
l brake hose n. flexible, reinforced
high-pressure hose, used to
connect the fixed brake pipes to
the brake assemblies that move
up and down with the wheels:
Ống dẫn dầu phanh
l brake light n. a red rear light,
which is also called stop light,
activated when the foot brake is
applied; usually integrated in a
tail light assembly: Đèn phanh
l brake lining n. (1) A couple of
plates is curved strip of friction
material usually containing
asbestos attached to a brake
shoe: Bố phanh
(2) Brake linings are attached to the
brake shoes with rivets or glued
on with adhesive: Bố phanh được
tán ri-vê hoặc dán
l brake mean effective pressure
(BMEP) n. average pressure in
the cylinders of an engine divided
by its mechanical efficiency, i.e.
the ratio of the power actually
delivered at an output shaft to
power developed in the cylinders;
used as an indication of torque:
Áp suất (tỉ lệ giữa công suất ở
trục ra bánh xe và công suất phát
ra từ xi-lanh) hiệu quả trung bình
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
brake pad brake warning light

l brake pad n. pad of friction l brake rotor n. US = brake disc:

material on a steel plate that is đĩa phanh.
brought into contact with the disc
l brake servo (unit ) n. apparatus
under heavy pressure in a disc
which supplement the driver’s
brake: Bố phanh
physical effort in providing most
l brake pad wear indicator = either of the force required for braking,
a mechanical system which usually using vacuum from the
produces screeching, squealing, inlet manifold: Bộ trợ lực phanh
or scraping noise when the pads
l brake shoe n. curved part
are worn, as the metal indicators
in drum brake systems with
contact the brake discs, or an
T-shaped cross section, made of
electrical system in which worn
sheet steel or an alloy casting, to
pads close an electric circuit that
which the brake lining is riveted
illuminates a warning light on the
or bonded with adhesive. The
instrument panel: Thiết bị báo
term brake shoe is often used
mòn phanh
for the complete shoe-and-lining
l brake pedal n. pedal on the floor assembly: Guốc phanh
of a vehicle in front of the driver
l brake shoe return spring = spring
which operates the brake: Bàn
whose ends are attached to two
đạp phanh
brake shoes, bringing them back
l spongy brake pedal = lack of into the off position after the
normal resistance when the pedal brake has been applied: Lò xo
is pressed often due to air in the guốc phanh
hydraulic system: Bàn đạp phanh
l brake test n. test of braking
bị trôi.
efficiency, typically as part of a
l brake panel travel = free roadworthiness test: Kiểm tra
movement of the brake pedal hiệu quả phanh
before resistance is felt: Độ rơ
l brake warning light n. light which
bàn đạp phanh
can serve several purposes, such
l brake pulling n. pulling to left or as indicating a low fluid lever
right as a result of uneven braking in the brake fluid reservoir, a
effort: Phanh bị đâm (sang trái malfunction in one of two separate
hoặc sang phải) braking circuits, executive wear

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 59

braking
of brake pads or linings, or when
the handbrake is applied with the
ignition switch on: Đèn báo phanh
l brake wrench n. US = brake
adjusting spanner: Khóa điều
chỉnh phanh
braking n. operation or functioning
of the brake: Sự phanh
l braking distance = distance
required for a vehicle to come
to rest from the point where the
brakes are first applied: Quãng
đường phanh
l braking effort or force = retarding
power of a brake or brakes: Lực
phanh
l braking performance = behaviour
of the brakes when operated or
amount of braking effort available:
Đặc tính phanh
l braking ratio = distribution of
braking effort between the front
and rear wheels: Phân bố lực
phanh giữa bánh trước và sau
l braking system = complete set
of braking equipment: Hệ thống
phanh
brass punch n. brass tool used to
drive bearing races, bushes, etc.
in and out: Ống lót
braze v. to join two metal surfaces
by fusing a layer of brass or high-
60
break down
melting solder between them:
Hàn bằng hợp kim đồng
break v. (a) to separate into several
parts: Rã (máy)
(b) to separate: Tách ra
l to break (up) a car for spare parts
= to dismantle a car into pieces
so that the part can be used to
repair
other cars: Rã chiếc xe ra thành
những bộ phận
l point break 50 before TDC = the
contact breaker points open (and
the spark occurs) 50 before top
dead centre: Vít lửa mở ra trước
điểm chết trên 50
break away v. (of a vehicle) to leave
the desired line of travel due to
loss of adhesion, especially when
cornering: Trượt ngang khi quay
vòng
break down v. (a) (of a mechanism
or vehicle) to cease to operate:
Hỏng, hư
(b) (of insulation) to lose its
effectiveness: Mất hiệu quả
l breakdown n. (a) failure of a
mechanism or a vehicle: Sự hỏng
hóc (máy móc hoặc xe cộ)
(b) loss of effectiveness (insulation):
Mất hiệu quả.
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
breaker
l breakdown across the sparking
plug insulator cause missing =
if the insulation of the sparking
plug becomes faulty, that
cylinder will stop firing or fire only
intermittently: Sứ cách điện của
bu-gi hỏng làm mất lửa.
l breakdown recovery (service) n.
towing or transporting broken-
down vehicles to a garage for
repair or the owner’s home: Kéo
xe hư về sửa chữa
l breakdown truck = vehicle
equipped for towing or sometime
transporting disabled vehicles:
Xe chuyên dụng để kéo các xe
hỏng hóc
breaker n. (a) person who breaks
up cars and sometimes other
vehicles which are worn out or
no longer roadworthy and will sell
any reusable parts: Thợ rã xe để
bán phụ tùng
(b) = contact breaker: Vít lửa, công
tắc tiếp điểm
l break-triggered transistorized
ignition (system) = transistorized
ignition system whose distributor is
the same as that of a coil ignition
system, but whose contact breaker
switch only the control current;
usually not fitted as original
equipment: Hệ thống đánh lửa bán
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
break time
dẫn có vít điều khiển
breaker cam n. cam that turns on
the distributor shaft and has as
many lobes as there are engine
cylinders: Cam vít lửa
l breakerless a. having no contact
breaker: Không có vít lửa
l breakerless distributor =
distributor in an electronic ignition
system with a pulse generator
instead of a contact breaker: Bộ
chia điện không có vít lửa
l breakerless transistorized ignition
(system) = electronic ignition
system with a pulse generator
such as a magnetic or Hall effect
pick-up instead of a contact
breaker, processing the signals
generator in an electronic control
unit: Hệ thống đánh lửa bán dẫn
không có vít lửa (tiếp điểm)
break in v. In US English, it is run in:
Chạy thử động cơ còn mới
breakover n. area of a dent in a
panel where the sheet metal is
actually buckled into the opposite
direction of the normal shape:
Chỗ mốp, thụng
break time n. period during which
the contact breaker points remain
open, opposite is dwell period:
Thời gian vít mở
61
break up
break up v. to dismantle a vehicle
and sell the parts. US English=
part out : Tháo rã (xe)
breathalyse or breathalyze v. to give
(a driver) a breathalyser test:
Kiểm tra lượng rượu đã uống qua
hơi thở
l breathalyser or breathalyzer n.
device into which a driver blows
to determine the amount of
alcohol in his breath (and thus in
his blood): Thiết bị kiểm tra lượng
rượu đã uống qua hơi thở
l breathalyser or breathalyzer test
= test given by the police to find
out how much alcohol a driver
has drunk: Kiểm tra lượng rượu
đã uống
breather n. passage to the open
air from an enclosed space,
especially the crankcase, to
provide ventilation: Ống thông
hơi (các-te)
bridge igniter n. device for detonation
the air bag: Kíp nổ túi khí
bright a. (of finish or plating) shiny
and reflecting much light, it is
opposite to matt. : Sáng chói
brinell harness n. hardness measured
in a test by hydraulically pressing
a hard ball under standard load
into the specimen: Độ cứng
Brinell
62
buckle
brush n. (a) paint brush: Cọ, chổi sơn
(b) rubbing electrical contact for use
with rotating members, especially
commutator in starters, alternators
or generators: Chổi than
l brush holder = in a starter motor,
generator or alternator the part
holding the carbon brushes and
providing guidance for the spring
loaded brushes to maintain their
contact with the commutator or
slip ring: Đế chổi than
l brush spring = spring holding a
carbon brush in contact with the
commutator or slip ring: Lò xo
chổi than
BSF = British Standard Fine
l BSI = British Standards institution
BTDC = Before Top Dead Centre:
Trước điểm chết trên
B thread n. = internal thread: Ren
trong
bubble n. small blister in the paintwork:
Chỗ rộp sơn (nhỏ)
bucket seat n. rigid seat with
slightly raised sides to give
the passenger or driver lateral
support; mainly used in sports
cars: Ghế cố định
buckle n. locking metal clasp of a
seat belt: Khóa gài dây đai an
toàn
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
buffeting
l buckle up v. belt up: Khóa đai an
toàn
buffeting n. sort of severe, pulsating
draught as experienced when
driving at high speeds with the
windows open, or in convertibles
with the top down: Sự rung lắc
buffing n. smoothing and polishing of
a surface by means of a rotating
flexible wheel to the surface of
which fine, abrasive particles are
applied in liquid or past form: Sự
đánh bóng
build quality n. quality of workmanship
and materials in the construction
of a vehicle: Chất lượng lắp ráp
l built-up crankshaft = crankshaft
made from separate parts rather
than cast or forged in one piece:
Trục khuỷu ghép
bulb n. gas-filled, glass envelope
(often pear-shaped if not actually
pear-sized) containing a thin
metal filament which lights up
when an electric current is passed
through: Bóng đèn
l bulb blackening = blackening
of the bulb glass due to metal
vapour deposition, often indicator
that the
bulb is about to fail: Bóng đèn bị cháy
l bulb holder = usually a bayonet
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bumper
socket for a lighter bulb. In
US English, it is lamp socket:
Chuôi đèn
bulkhead n. panel at the rear of
the engine compartment that
spans the full width of the body
and extends vertically from the
scuttle down to the front edge
of the floorpan or the toeboard;
also used for the panel behind
the rear seat separating the
passenger cabin from the boot.
In US English, it is dash panel:
Vách ngăn
bull bar n. upward extension of a
bumper to protect lights and (at
the front of the car) the grille:
Thanh cản
bump and rebound n. the two
stages of suspension movement
requiring damping: Hai trạng thái
chuyển động của hệ thống treo
chạm xuống và nảy lên
bumper n. previously a separate metal
bar or blade at the front or rear of
a vehicle, now a reinforced impact-
absorbing plastic moulding faired
in to the bodywork and absorbing
impacts, at least at low speeds: Cái
cản, cái chắn xe
l bumper bar = usually tubular or
curved section separate bumper:
Thanh chắn xe
63
bumping out
l bumper bracket = mounting
bracket for the bumper assembly,
fixed to the body or chassis, now
often designed to give way to a
certain extent on impact: Cái giá
thanh chắn
l bumper iron = bumper bracket:
Cái giá thanh chắn
bumping out n. first step in the
panel beating process, in which
the panel is roughly brought back
into shape with a straightening
hammer: Gò thô (làm đồng)
l bumping hammer = hammer for
coarse hammer work on bodies,
Used with dollies: Búa gò
bump start n. method of starting
a car with a flat battery, by
pushing it or letting it run down a
hill and then letting in the clutch
in second gear, only possible on
a car with a manual gearbox:
Khởi động bằng cách đẩy hoặc
cho xe xuống dốc rồi cài số 2 khi
ắc-quy bị hết điện
l bump steer n. effect observed
when the movement of the
suspension caused by hitting a
bump or hole in the road acts on
the steering to turn the wheels
slightly sideways, which makes
the car veer to one side ; this can
be felt by the steering wheel: Sự
64
bus
nghiêng tay lái khi gặp ổ gà
l bump stop n. rubber buffer
which limits the extent a vehicle
suspension can move on hitting a
bump: Cái giảm va đập bằng cao
su trên nhún
burning n. (a) erosion or eating away,
especially of contact breaker or
sparking plug points or exhaust
valves: Sự bào mòn
(b) = combustion: Sự cháy
burnishing n. polishing process for
metal, usually a fine abrasive on
a buffing wheel: Sự đánh bóng
(kim loại)
burnt a. (of points or valves) eroded
or eaten away: Bị bào mòn
burr n. rough edge or other small
projection on metal: Gờ, rìa
l burr walnut n. wood veneer
used for dashboards and door
cappings in luxury cars: Dầu
đánh bóng gỗ trang trí trên các
xe sang trọng
burst v. (of tyre) to explode and
lose all its air very suddenly: Sự
nổ vỏ xe
bus n. (clipped form of omnibus)
vehicle for carrying a fairly large
number of passengers, usually for
payment, over a set route and with
a fixed time schedule: Xe buýt
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
busbar
l single-decker bus = bus with one
story or deck: Xe buýt một tầng
l double-decker bus = bus with two
storeys or decks: Xe buýt hai tầng.
busbar n. rod or other electrical
conductor carrying a large
current at a constant voltage and
connecting several circuits: Dây
điện với dòng lớn và điện áp
không đổi (dây cáp điện)
bus or US busing n. thin metal sleeve
fitted into a circular hole and acting
as a bearing for a shaft or similar
inserted into it: Sơ mi, ống lót, bạc
butterfly nut n. = wing nut: Đai ốc có
cánh (ốc bướm)
l butterfly (valve) n. throttle valve in
a tube, especially a carburettor air
intake, comprising a disc pivoted
along its diameter: Bướm ga
butt joint or weld n. welded joint
where the panels or other parts
are joined and not overlapped:
Mối hàn
button head n. = round head (bolt):
Bu-lông đầu tròn
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
bypass
bypass 1 n. (a) road going round
and thus avoiding a town or other
congested area: Đường vòng
(b) means such as a passage
through which the flow of a liquid
or gas is redirected in place
of its original or main course:
Đường tắt
2 v. to go round (an object) so as to
avoid it: Đi vòng, lối rẽ
l bypass air screw n. screw on the
airflow sensor of a fuel injection
system, for adjusting the amount
of air in the mixture: Vít chỉnh hỗn
hợp (trên bộ đo gió)
l bypass filter n. type of oil filter
through which only part of the total
lubricant passes (approximately
10-20 %), while the rest is being
supplied directly to the lubricating
points: Bộ lọc rẽ
l bypass valve n. valve, when
openned, directs the flow of a
liquid or gas through a bypass;
such as the wastegate in the
exhaust of a turbocharger system:
Van rẽ, van xả
65
C cable
Cc
C (a) (short of) celsius or centigrade:
Độ bách phân
(b) = coulomb: cu-lông (đơn vị đo
điện tích)
(c) = comfort: Sự tiện nghi
l c-4 system n. = computer
controlled catalytic converter: Bộ
xúc tác (hoá khử khí thải) điều
khiển bằng máy tính
cab n. (a) = taxi (cab ): Xe taxi
(b) enclosed part at the front of a
commercial vehicle for the driver
and passenger(s): Khoan tài xế
và hành khách của xe tải
l cabin n. = passenger
compartment: Khoang hành khách
l cabin forward design = passenger
car design with a relatively short
front end, and footwells extending
up to the front axle, providing
added passenger space: Thiết kế
xe để cabin rộng
66
cable n. (a) assembly of insulated
electrical conductors, usually
wires, laid together, often around
a central core and surrounded
by a heavy insulation, for heavy
duty applications such as battery
cables: Dây cáp, dây điện to
(b) assembly of wire strands twisted
together used for a pulling or
sometimes a pushing or twisting
action, either without a sheath
( as in some brake cables), or
with a sheath as in control cables
and drives such as speedometer
cables: Cáp bện, dây cáp mềm
l cable clamp = device for connecting
cable to their terminals, especially
battery cables to the terminal
posts: Đầu kẹp cáp
l cable clamps should be tightened
on the terminal posts and free of
corrocable covering = outer layer,
now nearly always of plastic,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
CACIS
serving as electrical insulation
for cables: Đầu dây cáp phải
được siết chặt trên cọc ắc-quy và
không bị phủ bởi gỉ chì
l cable brake = mechanical
brake operated by levers and
a cable, either unsheathe or a
bowden type, now only used for
a handbrake or on a trailer: Dây
cáp phanh
l cable guide = tube section bolted
or spot-welded to a part of the
body such as the floor pan for
routing an operating cable, e.g.
for a bonnet release: Ống dẫn
hướng dây cáp
l cable-operated = brought into
operation by a cable: Hoạt động
nhờ cáp kéo
l cabriolet n. convertible with a soft
top and windows, usually a four-
seater: Xe mui trần
CACIS = Continuous AC Ignition
System: Hệ thống đánh lửa xoay
chiều liên tục
CAD = Computer-Aided Design:
Thiết kế nhờ máy tính
cadence braking n. emergency
braking method in which the
driver rapidly depresses and
release the brake pedal: Sự nhịp
phanh khi phanh khẩn cấp
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cam
cadmium-plated a. covered in a
coating of cadmium: Mạ cadimi
CAE = Computer-Aided Engineering:
Kỹ thuật với sự hỗ trợ của máy
tính
l CAL = Computer-Aided Lighting:
Hệ thống chiếu sáng với sự hỗ
trợ của máy tính
calibration n. marking the measuring
units on an instrument or checking
their accuracy: Sự định cỡ, hiệu
chỉnh, cân chỉnh
caliper or calliper n. (a) measuring
tool with two legs usually
mounted in a slide on a
measuring bar, for internal and
external measurement; some
designs allow depth and step
measurement as well; the
different types include vernier
calipers, dial calipers, or digital
calipers: Thước kẹp
(b) = brake caliper: Bộ kẹp phanh đĩa
caliper frame = casting that holds
the brake caliper, either directly
bolted to the suspension or to an
adapter: mâm phanh
l caliper gauge n. = caliper: Thước
kẹp
cam n. (a) rotating part with a
projection or projections (called
lobes) used to push another part at
67
cam angle
precisely defined intervals: Cam
(b) (informal for) camshaft: Trục cam
l twin cam engine = engine with
two camshafts: Động cơ có hai
cam
l cam angle n. = dwell: Góc ngậm
l cam belt n. = timing belt: Dây đai
(curoa) cam
l cam chain n. = timing chain:
Xích cam
l cam design n. = cam
profile: Bin dạng cam
l cam face n. surface of a cam: Bề
mặt cam
l measure the cam face from nose
to heel = measure the cam’s
surface from the highest point
to the lowest: Đo bề mặt cam
từ điểm cao nhất đến điểm thấp
nhất
l cam follower n. (a) part of the
valve stem-possibly equipped with
a roller mechanism-in a manner
to prevent lateral forces acting on
either the pushrod or valve stem:
bánh xe tiếp xúc với cam
(b) = tappet: Con đội
l cam heel n. lowest point of a
cam opposite the lobe. It is also
called base circle: Đế cam
68
camber
l cam lobe n. projecting part of a
cam which pushes an a pushrod,
valve stem, or follower, etc.: Vấu
cam
l cam lubricator n. device, often in
the from of a wick, for lubricating
the contact breaker cam in the
distributor: Bấc bôi trơn cam
(trong bộ chia điện)
l cam profile n. exact shape of the
cam face which determines the
rate and extent of valve lift, i.e.
how fast and how far the valve
opens, and all other aspects
of valve behaviour during the
opening and closing process: Bin
dạng cam
l cam roller n. rotating wheel
acting as a cam follower: Bánh xe
quay tiếp xúc với cam
camber n. (a) angle formed by
the plane of the wheel to the
perpendicular as viewed from
the front: Góc nghiêng của bánh
xe khi nhìn hướng vuông góc từ
phía trước, góc camber
(b) slightly arched contour of a road
or other surface: Sự vồng lên,
chỗ lồi lên
(c) curvature of a leaf spring: Độ
cong của nhíp xe
l positive camber = wheel leaning
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
camper
outwards at the top: Góc camber
dương (bánh xe có khuynh hướng
ngả ra ngoài) khi nhìn từ trên
l negative camber: Góc camber âm
camper n. motorized caravan, with
a body in appearance like a van,
built on a small to medium-sized
commercial vehicle chassis and
offering sleeping, cooking and
other facilities: Xe kiểu nhà lưu
động
l camping trailer n. (a) trailer
containing camping equipment
or fitted with a tent which can
erected on arrival at the desired
camping site: Toa moóc theo nhà
lưu động
(b) US = caravan: Xe lớn dùng làm
nhà lưu động
camshaft n. shaft carrying the cams
which operate the valves usually
of a four-stroke engine and rotate
at half engine speed: Trục cam,
cốt cam
l camshaft bearing = bearing
(usually a plain bearing) which
supports the camshaft: Bạc lót
trục cam
l camshaft drive = connection
between crankshaft and camshaft
– either via gears, chain, drive
belt, shaft or eccentric shaft – that
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
camshaft sprocket
ensures the require speed ratio
of 1:2: Sự truyền động cam (qua
trục khuỷu)
l camshaft drive belt = timing belt:
Đai (curoa) truyền động trục cam
l camshaft drive sprocket
= sprocket mounted on the
crankshaft to drive the camshaft
via the timing chain: Bánh xích
trên cốt máy trong truyền động
trục cam bằng xích
l camshaft end play = free lateral
movement of the camshaft: Khe
hở dọc của trục cam
l camshaft housing = housing
for one of the camshaft of a
twin overhead camshaft engine
mounted on top of the cylinder
head, and containing the
camshaft and usually also the
tappets: Nắp trục cam
l camshaft journal = part of the
camshaft running in one of its
bearings: Cổ trục cam
l camshaft pulley = pulley on
the end of the camshaft for the
camshaft drive belt: Puli cam
l camshaft sprocket = sprocket
mounted on the camshaft driven
by the timing chain which in turn
driven by the crankshaft: Bánh
xích (nhông) trên trục cam
69
can
can n. tube in a canned motor
pump which insulates the motor
winding: Bình nhỏ
candela n. basic unit of luminous
intensity: Đơn vị đo cường độ
ánh sáng
candy paint job n. (informal US)
custom paintwork using a
transparent colour medium
applied over the base coat, which
adds translucence and richness
to the paint, especially all shades
of red: Lớp sơn làm bóng
cannibalize v. to take parts from a
vehicle to fix or repair another
vehicle: Đổi phụ tùng (lấy từ xe này
gắn qua xe khác)
cantilever spring n. (a) leaf spring
mounted upside down and fixed
to the vehicle at its mid-point,
(now obsolete): Nhíp ngược
(xe cũ)
(b) quarter elliptic leaf spring: Nhíp
dạng một phần tư elip
cantrail n. = roof rail: Thanh đỡ mui
xe
canvas top n. us soft top for an
open car, especially one made of
a natural fabric: Mui bằng vải bạt
cap n. (a) protective cover, usually
round and can be screwed or
twisted on, e.g. radiator cap,
70
capacity
petrol cap: Cái nắp đậy (thùng
xăng, két nước)
(b) base of a light bulb which fits into
the socket: Đuôi đèn
capacitor n. assembly of one or more
pairs of conductors separated by
insulators, able to store an electric
change where there is a voltage
difference: Tụ điện
l Capacitor Discharge Ignition (CDI)
(system) = electronic ignition
system whose ignition energy
is store in the electrical field of
a capacitor, which discharge via
the ignition transformer when
a thyristor is triggered at the
ignition point: Hệ thống đánh lửa
điện dung (bằng tụ)
capacity n. (a) amount which can
be contained in a container such
as a fuel tank, sump, radiator,
etc. and by extension the swept
volume of an engine: Dung tích
(b) output of an electric motor or
other electrical apparatus: Công
suất đầu ra của thiết bị điện
(c) volume of fluid handle through
a pump, usually in gallons per
minute: Lưu lượng tính bằng thể
tích (của bơm)
l capacity rating n.= rated capacity:
Dung lượng định mức của ắc-quy
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
capillary
capillary (tube) n. tube with a very
small bore used for temperature
gauges: Ống mao dẫn
cap nut n. nut whose outer end is
closed, covering the thread: Đai
ốc một đầu bịt
capping n. see door capping:
Miếng roong cửa
capstan screw n. screw with a round
head with a hole or holes passing
through it, into which a tommy
bar is inserted for tightening or
loosening: Đinh ốc có lỗ nối cần
siết
capstat n. wax-type thermostat
at the base of the jet of a SU
carburetor, which expands and
reduces fuel flow when the under
bonnet temperature rises: Bộ
điều chỉnh nhiên liệu theo nhiệt
độ bằng sáp
captive a. permanently located in
the desired position: Cố định, bắt
chặt (vào vị trí mong muốn)
l bolt with captive plain washer =
bolt with a plain washer trapped
under its head: Bu-lông với vòng
đệm giữ chặt đầu
captive nut = nut insert in a sheet
metal cage spot-welded to the
body in an inaccessible position,
so that the item fixed to it can
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
car
easily be removed: Đai ốc cố định
(hàn vào khung)
car n. (a) us = tramcar: Xe ô tô
(b) = passenger car: Xe du lịch
l car accident = car crash: Tai nạn
xe hơi
l car alarm (system) = alarm
system: hệ thống báo động trên
xe hơi.
l car banger = (informal ) person
or organization that fakes car
accident and repair bills in order
to get the repair money from
insurance companies: Người
ngụy tạo tai nạn xe cộ (lấy bảo
hiểm)
l car banging = (informal) insurance
fraud involving fake car accidents
and repair bills: Sự giả mạo tai
nạn xe cộ để lấy tiền bảo hiểm
l car blind = blind for the rear
window to prevent dazzle from
following vehicles’ head–lights:
Màn che chống chói phía sau xe
l car burglar = person who steals
things from cars: Kẻ trộm đồ từ
xe hơi
l car cap = waterproof cover for the
roof, windscreen and windows:
Tấm che xe
l car care products = products for
71
car cover
cleaning, polishing and preserving
especially the bodywork and
interior: Các sản phẩm chăm sóc
xe (lau chùi, đánh bóng)
l car cover = cover shaped to
fit a car, usually waterproof for
outdoors use, or for protection
against dust and condensation
during storage: Tấm bọc xe
l car crash see crash: Tai nạn xe
hơi
l car insurance = motor insurance:
Bảo hiểm xe hơi
l car key = key for the ignition,
boot, doors or petrol cap, etc.:
Chìa khóa xe
l car park = area or building where
cars may be parked: Bãi đậu xe
l car phone = cellular telephone
installed in a car: Điện thoại trong
xe
l car polish = polish for the exterior
paintwork of a car: Sự đánh bóng
xe
l car sponge = large sponge for
washing a car: Xốp lau xe
l car stereo = combination of a
stereo radio with a cassette
player or sometimes with a cd
player, for use in a car: Hệ thống
âm thanh xe.
72
caravan
l car tax = tax add to the price of a
new car, or tax payable annually
or six-monthly for using a caron
the road: Thuế xe
l car test = road test: Kiểm tra
(thử) xe trên đường trường
l car theft n. stealing cars or
stealing items from cars: Sự ăn
cắp xe hoặc đồ vật trong xe
l car thief = person who steals
cars: Kẻ trộm xe
l car tyre = tyre suitable for a
passenger car: Vỏ xe
l car wash = (a) drive-in, automatic
facility for washing a car: Trạm
rửa xe tự động
(b) car cleaning agent for adding
to water, containing a detergent
and usually a wax: Chất phụ gia
để rửa xe
l car wax = non abrasive polish
containing wax for protecting a
car’s finish: Sáp đánh bóng xe
caravan n. mobile home especially
for recreational purpose, for
towing behind a car commercial
vehicle, usually with two wheels:
Nhà lưu động được kéo theo xe
(NOTE: US English = camping
trailer, mobile home)
l caravanning n. traveling with a
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
carb
caravan, usually as a holiday: Đi
du lịch với nhà lưu động
carb n. = carburettor: Bộ chế hòa
khí, bình xăng con
carbon n. (a) black material with
good electrical properties of
conductivity: Than chì
(b) deposit with forms in the
combustion chamber, on the
piston
crown and to a lesser extent in the
inlet and exhaust ports, resulting
form incomplete combustion
especially of oil: Muội than
l carbon black n. engineering
material, used as filler in plastic
mouldings and in tyres, where
it improves the mechanical
properties of tyre rubber and
produces, as a side effect, the
typical black colour: Mồ hóng
l carbon brush n. rubbing electrical
contact in the form of a carbon
block or rod which bears against
another member, such as a
commutator, collector ring or
slip ring, to provide passage for
an electric current, e.g. from an
external source to the armature
of a motor, as in a starter, or form
the rotor of an alternator via slip
rings to an external circuit: Chổi
than
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
complete failure
l carbon brush spring = brush
spring: Lò xo chổi than.
carbon build-up or deposits n.
residues of burnt oil deposited
in the combustion chamber, on
the piston top and elsewhere
in the course of the combustion
process: Muội than (bám trong
buồng đốt)
carbon-core leads n. ht or ignition
leads with a tiny diameter core
of carbon or graphite: Dây phin
than, dây cao áp với lõi cacbon
l carbon dioxide (CO­2) n.
colourless, odourless, non-toxic
gas, a natural constituent of the
atmosphere and a product of
breathing and some combustion
processes: Khí CO2
carbon fiber n. thin, light and very
strong fibre of pure carbon, used
as reinforcement with resins,
metal and other materials: Sợi
cacbon
carbon fouling n. blockings of the
points of a sparking plug by
carbon, often causing intermittent
firing or
complete failure: Sự đóng chấu bu-gi
l carbon knock n. type of engine
knock in internal combustion
engines, caused by uncontrolled
73
carburation
ignition as a result of carbon
deposits in the combustion
chamber, especially in old
engines: Sự rồ máy (kích nổ) vì
muội than
l carbon monoxide (CO) n.
poisonous but colourless
and odourless gas resulting
from incomplete oxidation or
combustion of carbon, which is
one of the three major pollutants
found in the exhaust of spark
ignition engines: Khí CO
l carbon pin n. spindle-shaped
carbon brush in the centre of the
distributor cap, bearing on the
centre of the contact breaker
arm: Chốt than trong nắp bộ
chia điện
l carbon tracking n. formatting of
a leakage path for current, e.g.
inside the distributor cap, where
there are carbon deposits: Rãnh
rò điện cao áp
carburation or US = carburetion n.
mixture of fuel which has been
vaporized with air in the correct
proportions for combustion in an
internal combustion engine: Chế
hòa khí
l carburetion n. us = carburation
carburetor = carburettor: Bộ chế
hòa khí
74
carburettor
carburettor or carburetter or US
carburetor n. conventional,
mechanical device in the engine
fuel system, mixing fuel with air
to produce a combustible mixture
which is supplied to inlet manifold:
Bộ chế hòa khí
l carburettor barrel n. the main air
passage through the carburetor:
Lỗ gió chính
l carburettor engine n. engine fitted
with a carburettor as opposed to
fuel injection: Động cơ sử dụng
chế hòa khí
(NOTE: opposite meaning is fuel
injection engine)
l carburetor icing n. formation of
ice deposits in the carburettor
intake during very damp and
cool, but not freezing weather:
Sự đóng băng trong bộ chế hòa
khí
l carburettor throat or carburettor
venturi see venturi: Họng khuếch
tán bộ chế hòa khí
carburization n. process of
increasing the carbon content of
steel to produce a desired degree
of hardness, yielding high carbon
steel: Tăng hàm lượng cacbon
trong sản xuất thép
carcass n. basic of a tyre consisting
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cardan joint
various plies of cord (made of
rayon, nylon, polyester or steel),
which are impregnanted with
rubber: Lớp bố (vỏ xe)
cardan joint n. most of common tyre
of a universal joint, in which two
yokes mounted on the two parts
to be coupled, usually a shaft
and a driving or driven member,
are connected with pivots to the
arm of a cross-shaped piece:
Khớp các-đăng
l cardan shaft n. shaft fitted with
universal joints at each end: Trục
các-đăng
cargo area n. us load area of an
estate car or pick-up truck: Vùng
chịu tải
carpeting n. carpet made to fit
the front and rear footwells, and
also the boot in better equipped
models: Thảm lót chân
carriage bolt n. mushroom-headed
bolt with a square neck which
holds it in position in a square
hole: Bu-lông thân xe (đầu hình
nấm, cổ vuông)
cart spring n. (informal) = leaf
spring: Nhíp xe, lò xo lá
carvac n. small, easily portable
vacuum cleaner that can be
plugged into the cigarette light of
a car: Máy hút bụi mini
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cast iron
casing n. (a) cover passing all the
way round a piece of equipment,
such as an electric motor: Vỏ bọc
(b) tyre, especially in its basic
form before the tread has been
moulded on: Cạnh vỏ
cassette compartment n. built-in
cassette storage space: Ngăn
chứa cát-xét
l cassette player = unit for playing
audio cassettes, usually
incorporated in a stereo unit: Máy
cát-xét
cast 1 v. to produce (metal part) by
pouring molten metal into a sand
or metal mould: Đúc
2 a. produced by pouring molten
metal into sand or metal mould:
Được đúc
l cast-alloy wheel = one-piece
wheel, as oppesed to two–piece
and three–piece forged wheels,
produced using the low-pressure
die casting process, which
offers a great degree of design
flexibility as to the styling of the
wheel disc: Bánh xe với mâm đúc
l cast aluminium = aluminium alloy
made by pouring the molten
metal into a sand or metal mould:
hợp kim nhôm đúc.
cast iron n. iron with a high carbon
75
castle nut
content and also containing much
cementite or graphite, so that it is
unsuitable as wrought iron: Gang
castle nut or castellated nut n.
hexagon nut with slots cut in the
top of each face, two of which
are lined up with a hole in the bolt
or stud and a split pin inserted to
prevent loosening: Đai ốc có lỗ
để gài chốt
l castle section n. panel with fairly
shallow strengthening humps
that are, however, deeper than
normal stiffening ribs, e.g. in floor
pans featuring beaded or offset
areas: Phần gầm (thân xe)
l castor or us caster n. (a)
inclination or angle from the
vertical of the kingpin or steering
axis on the ground between the
extended vertical axis through
the wheel centre and the point
where the extended steering axis
would meet the ground. It is also
called castor angle: Góc nghiêng
tay lái, góc caster
(b) distance on the ground when
viewed from the side, between
the point of contact of the tyre
(which is also the extended
vertical axis through the wheel
centre) and the point where a line
through the inclined kingpin (or
the extended steering axis) would
76
catalyst
meet the ground. It is also called
castor offset, trail: Khoảng cách
giữa điểm tiếp xúc của vỏ xe và
đường kéo dài của trụ quay lái
trên mặt đất
l castor action n. self-centering
action resulting from castor which
springs the steered wheels back
to the straight ahead position:
Tác dụng của góc caster (tay lái
thẳng trở lại)
l castor angle n. = castor
l castor offset n. = castor
cat n. (informal) = catalytic converter:
Bộ xúc tác
catalyst n. (a) substance that
changes the rate of a chemical
reaction without itself being used
up; in a
catalytic converter the element
which reduces the toxicity of
the exhaust gases: Chất xúc tác
trong bộ khử khí thải
(b) special agent added to a plastic
body filler or resin or two-pack
paint to speed up the setting
process of the basic material
applied: Chất xúc tác làm hình
thành nhanh lớp sơn lót
l catalyst bed n. layer of catalyst-
coated material such as pellets
or ceramic in a catalytic converter
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
catalyst charge
through which the gases pass:
Lớp xúc tác
l catalyst charge n. catalyst-coated
materials such as pellets or
ceramic in a catalytic converter:
Khung phủ chất xúc tác
l catalyst coating n. = catalytic
layer: Lớp xúc tác
l catalyst container n. = converter
housing: Vỏ bộ xúc tác
l catalyst contamination n. loss
of catalytic efficiency caused by
contaminating deposits: Sự làm
bẩn chất xúc tác
l catalyst degradation or
deterioration n. loss of catalytic
efficiency: Sự mất tác dụng xúc tác
l catalyst efficiency n. : Hiệu quả
xúc tác
l catalyst indicator n. indicator
light in the instrument panel
that illuminates after a certain
mileage, e.g. after 25,000 miles,
to remind the driver that the
catalytic converter should be
replaced; some older designs
used a mechanical signal: Đèn
báo thay bộ xúc tác
l catalyst substrate or support
n. base material carrying the
catalytic layer or coating: Sườn
đỡ chất xúc tác
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cathodic electro painting
catalytic converter n. device shaped
like a silence for exhaust emission
control installed in the exhaust
system as close to the engine
as possible, in which a catalyst-
coated substrate is enclosed in a
sheet metal canister of stainless
steel, protect against vibration by
wire mesh, its lower shell being
provided with a heat shield: Bộ
xúc tác
catalytic activity n. rate at which a
given catalytic converter purifies
the exhaust gas stream, usually
expressed as a conversion rate:
sự hoạt động của chất xúc tác
l catalytic efficiency n. effectiveness
of the catalyst in purifying the
exhaust gases: Hiệu quả của
chất xúc tác
catalytic layer n. very thin layer of
a catalyst, usually consisting of
platinum metals, supported by a
ceramic or metal carrier material:
Lớp chất xúc tác
cathode n. negative electrode in an
electrolytic cell: Cực âm, ca-tốt
cathodic electro painting or
cataphoretic painting n. process
used to apply the first coat of paint
to car bodies involving positively
charging paint particles, in which
the cleaned metal parts to be
77
cathodic protection
coated are immersed in a tank of
electrode position paint, and the
current is then turned on, so that
the positively charges particles
are attracted by the negative
metal parts: Sơn tĩnh điện
cathodic protection n. protecting
a metal from electrochemical
corrosion by using it as the
cathode of a cell with a sacrificial
anode: Sự bảo vệ (chống ăn
mòn) ca-tốt
caustic etching n. removal of metal
by dipping aluminium parts in
caustic soda: Làm sạch nhôm
bằng xút
cavitation n. formatting and
subsequent collapse of vapour-
filled cavities in a liquid, such as
bubbles, vapour-filled pockets or
a combination of both: Sự bo mịn
(do bọt khí)
cavity n. (a) empty space in a
body structure, either in a box
section or a double-skinned area:
Khoang, hốc
(b) holder and contact for fuses:
Rãnh gắn cầu chì
l cavity sealant n. sealant used for
protecting cavities against rust,
usually consisting of film-forming
oils, waxes, solvents and rust
inhibitors: Chất trám lỗ
78
cell
(a) = contact breaker: Vít lửa
(b) = citizens’ band: Băng tần phổ
biến
CBR process n. (1) controlled burnt
rate, a method of improving
fuel economy by controlling/
accelerating the fuel burn rate:
Phương pháp kiểm soát quá trình
cháy
(2) controlled combustion system:
Hệ thống điều khiển quá trình
cháy
C-clamp n. screw-activated clocking
clamp with long, C-shaped jaws:
Kẹp hình chữ C.
CD player n. device for playing
compact disc: Máy hát đĩa
compact
CD value n. coefficient of drag,
a characteristic indicating the
resistance of a given car body
to air flowing against its front, at
high speed, which is measured
in a wind tunnel, and unlike drag
as such, depend only on the
shape or outline of the body, not
on the cross-sectional area, and
being a coefficient has no unit of
measurement: Hệ số cản gió (khí
động)
cell n. (a) a system of negative
and positive plates for storage of
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cellular phone
electricity, either used singly or
in combination to form a battery:
Hộc bình điện, pin
(b) combustion chamber of a rotary
piston engine: Buồng cháy của
động cơ pít-tông quay (wankel)
cellular phone n. portable, wireless
telephone, introduce in 1983 in
the usa and mainly used as a
car phone: Điện thoại di động sử
dụng trên xe hơi
l cellulose putty = filler for minor
surface imperfections: Trét matit
chỗ móp nhẹ
cementite (fe3c) n. iron carbide, a
very hard substance found in cast
iron: Hạt cementit
central gear change n. usual
arrangement with the gear lever
in the centre of the floor: Cần số
đặt ở giữa sàn
l central chassis lubrication
n. lubrication of all chassis
component with oil or grease
from one central point: Bôi trơn
các chi tiết khung xe từ một chỗ
l central locking n. locking of all
doors by operating an electronic
device or by turning the key in
the lock of the driver’s door: Khóa
cửa trung tâm (chính)
l central-locking hub n. = splinted
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
centre differential
hub: Chốt khóa trung tâm
l central locking wheel = wheel
with splines in its centre which is
made with splines on the outside
of the hub, usually of the wire-
spoke type fixed with one central
nut: Bánh xe dạng nan hoa với
một ốc giữ
l central reserve or reservation n.
strip that separates the two sides of
a motor-way or dual carriageway:
Con lươn (trên xa lộ)
l centre v. to place (a part) in
a central position in relation to
another part: Trung tâm, tâm
l to centre the clutch = to align the
centre hole in the clutch plates
with the end of the crankshaft,
so that the gearbox shaft will fit
easily into the splines: Định tâm
bộ ly hợp
l centre console n. centre section of
the dashboard which is extended
downwards, with space for a
radio or stereo unit and storage
for cassettes: Khu vực trung tâm
của tableau.
l centre differential n. differential
located between two drive axles
to balance the speed differences
between the two axles, mainly
used in vehicles with permanent
four-wheel drive: Vi sai trung tâm
79
centre drive
l centre drive n. engine design
with power take off between the
cylinders rather than at the end of
the crankshaft: Động cơ với đầu
truyền tải giữa các xi-lanh
l centre drive plate = intermediate
(drive) plate: Đĩa truyền động
trung gian
l centre electrode n. (a) electrode
projecting out of the insulator
nose of a sparking plug typically
a compound electrode with a
copper core, or a silver platinum
electrode: Điện cực trung tâm
(b) = centre terminal: Cực trung tâm
l centre gear = sun gear: Bánh răng
trung tâm, bánh răng mặt trời
l centreline n. imaginary straight
line passing through the centre
of, e.g. a vehicle, from front to
rear: Đường tâm
l centre locking disc n. = hub cap:
Nắp đậy trục bánh xe
l centre lock nut = spinner: Đai ốc
khoá chính
l centre of gravity n. point about
with a weight of a body with act or
pivot: Trọng tâm
l centre pillar n. = b-pillar: Cột trụ
trung tâm
l centre punch n. tool with a sharp
conical steel tip for punching an
80
centrifugal force
indentation where a hole is tube
drilled: Mũi đột dấu
l centre section damage n. Type
of frame damage where the car
is hit from the side approximately
in the middle, causing the centre
part of the car around the b-pillar
to move inwards so that, seen
from the top, the frame is no
longer straight, but appears
curved like a banana: Sự hư
hỏng phần giữa xe
l centre terminal n. spring–
loaded carbon pin or carbon
brush contact in the centre of
the distributor cap acting and on
forming contact with the rotor:
Cực trung tâm (than nắp delco).
l centrifugal advance n. automatic
mechanical ignition advance by
mechanism inside the distributor,
controlled by centrifugal force
supplies by advance weights
which trunk the distributor cam
via yokes to advance the spark:
Cơ cấu đánh lửa sớm ly tâm
l centrifugal clutch n. clutch in
which the friction elements are
brought in contact with the clutch
face by centrifugal force again the
friction plate as the clutch turns
faster: Bộ ly hợp dạng ly tâm
l centrifugal force n. force with
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
 centrifugal pump
pushes a body outwards that is
rotating about a centre: Lực ly
tâm.
l centrifugal governor n. device
controlling speed by means of
centrifugal force in automatic
transmissions and other
applications: Bộ điều tốc ly tâm
l centrifugal oil filter n. filter in which
suspended solids are removed
from the oil by centrifugal force
created by spinning the oil at high
speed in the rotating element:
Lọc dầu kiểu ly tâm
centrifugal pump n. impeller pump
in which the liquid is forced, by
either atâmospheric or other
pressure, into a set off rotating
vanes constituting an impeller:
Bơm ly tâm
centrifugal weight n. weight in
governor or other controlling
device with is thrown outwards by
centrifugal force as speed increase
and thus causes a control rod to be
moved or pressure to be exerted:
Trọng lượng ly tâm, quả văng
ceramic honeycomb n. interior of
a monolithic converter which
supports the catalyst: Giá đỡ kiểu
tổ ong trong bộ hoá khử
cetane rating or number n. measure
of the ignition quality of diesel
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
chain
fuel, or how high a temperature
is required to ignite it (the lower
the cetane number, the higher
the temperature required): Chỉ
số xê-tan
chafer (strip) n. area between the
bead and sidewall of a tyre: Vùng
hông bánh xe (vè)
l chafing n. wearing away by
rubbing: Mịn vì cọ xát
chain n. series of flexibly connected
links formed into a loop so that
it can be passed over sprockets
whose teeth engage in the spaces
between the links, in order to
transmit motion: Xích
l chain case n. metal causing
completely enclosing a drive
chain and its sprockets: Hộp xích
l chain drive = form of transmission
using a chain passing over
sprockets. Chain drive is still the
most common form of transmission
on motorcycles): Truyền động xích
l chain filter wrench = chain wrench
whose chain passed round and
grips the body of an oil filter: Cái
mở lọc nhớt dùng xích
l chain guard = inverted l-section
metal guard placed usually over
the upper run of a chain: Vòm
bảo vệ xích
81
chamber
l chain pipe wrench = chain wrench
whose chain passes round and
grips a pipe: Cái mở ống bằng xích
l chain hoist = hoist for heavy
object such as engines consisting
of a chain and a block and tackle:
Cần trục xích
l chain run = section of a drive
chain that runs between the
sprockets: Bước xích
l chain tensioner = component
usually comprising a spring steel
strip pressing on the chain, used
mainly on four-stroke engines
with a chain-driven camshaft
and responsible for maintaining
the proper chain tension: Cái
căng xích
l chain wrench = tool for loosening
and tightening round or irregularly
shapes objects, having chain
which is passed around the
object, and lever or key which at
the same time tightens and the
chain and turns the object: Khóa
xích dùng để siết, nới các vật tròn
chamber n. combustion chamber of
a rotary piston engine, particularly
where non-cylindrical, as in a
wankel engine: Buồng cháy
chamfered a. with a symmetrically
beveled surface on an edge or
corner: Vạt cạnh, mặt vạt
82
change
chamois leather n. piece of soft
bleached leather from sheep,
goats, etc. used especially for
drying paintwork, chrome and
glass after washing. It is also
called informally shammy leather:
Miếng da thuộc dùng lau khô xe
sau khi rửa
change 1 v. (a) to select and
engage a gear. It is also more fully
to change gear. In US English,
which is to shift gear: Chuyển,
sang (số)
l to change up or down = to
engage a higher or lower gear:
Sang số cao hay số thấp
l to change into second or top =
to engage second or top gear:
Chuyển sang số hai hay số cao
nhất.
(b) to take away and put something
new or different in its place:
Thay thế
2 n. engage of another gear: Sự
sang số
l change-speed gearbox n.
gearbox containing sets of gears
which can be moved in and out
of different ratios between the
speeds of the input and output
shaft: Hộp số nhiều cấp
l change valve n. valve used
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
chapman strut charging efficiency

to change gear in an automatic mixture: Sự nạp không khí

gearbox, operated by rising oil
l charge air cooling = intercooling:
pressure at the vehicle speed up.
Làm mát không khí nạp (trong
In US English, it is shift valve: Van
động cơ tăng áp)
sang số
l charge air recycling (system)
chapman strut n. form of mcpherson
= device on some turbocharger
strut used in the rear suspension
systems which serves to maintain
of some car chapman: Hệ thống
the speed of the compressor
treo sau kiểu chapman
while no boost is being delivered,
characteristic map n. usually three- so that boost is more instantly
dimensional representation of available on demand: Hệ thống
several interdependent quantities, tuần hoàn khí nạp trong hệ thống
in most of which engine speed tăng áp
and load correspond to the x- and
l charge changing or exchange
y-axes, and the third quantity,
process n. removal of exhaust
which depends on the first two,
port an admission of a fresh
is measured against the z- axis:
charge through the transfer port
Bản đồ đặc tính động cơ (nạp
in a two-stroke engine: Quá trình
vào ROM của ECU)
nạp khí trong động cơ hai thì
charcoal canister n. = activated
l charger n. = battery charger:
carbon canister: Bầu lọc than
Máy nạp bình
hoạt tính
l charger characteristic n. charger
charge 1 n. (a) amount of air/ fuel
characteristic showing the
mixture supplied to the cylinder
dependence of the current on the
that is available for combustion:
voltage during charge: Đặc tính
Nạp
nạp
(b) definite quantity of electricity,
l charging current n. electric
such as that contained in a
current supplies to the battery
storage battery: Điện lượng
when the charging system is
2 v. to supply electrical charge to (a operative: Dòng điện sạc (nạp)
battery): Nạp điện vào bình điện
l charging efficiency n. figure
l charge air n. air in the air/fuel indicated the mass of charge

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 83

chassis
retained in the cylinder of a two-
stroke engine after the ports
close, divided by the actual swept
volume: Hiệu suất nạp
l charging piston n. additional
piston formerly fitted to some
two-stroke engines, design to
precompress the fresh charge
and to supply it at excess pressure
into the engine cylinders: Nạp
không khí bằng pít-tông (động cơ
hai kỳ)
l charging point n. = battery
charging station: Trạm sạc bình
l charging pressure n. = boost
pressure: Áp suất tăng áp
l charging rate n. amount of
current, usually in amperes,
delivered by the charging system:
Mức sạc điện (dòng tối đa của hệ
thống nạp)
l charging stroke n. = induction
stroke: Thì nạp
chassis n. Originally, and today
still in heavy goods vehicles, a
separate structure consisting
of a frame, springs and axles
forming the lower part of a
vehicle, to which the bodywork
is fitted, but with modern unitary
construction there is no separate
chassis and the term is used to
refer to the running gear, i.e.
84
chatter
suspension, including control
arms, spring, shock absorbers
steering component, etc.: Khung
gầm ô tô
l chassis bracket set = set of
brackets to be welded under sill
prior to straightening the accident
damage when the standard sill
panel does not have a jointing
flange: Giá đỡ để hàn khung
l chassis dynamometer = test
stand for a complete car to
determine, for example, its
emission characteristics under a
set of defined driving conditions:
Băng thử công suất ô tô
l chassis frame = frame usually
consisting of two longitudinal side
members joined by a member
of cross-members, to which
the suspension and axles are
attached, in goods vehicles and
formerly in cars: Khung sườn xe
l chassis number = formerly
the manufacturer’s number
identifying a vehicle. Today, we
use the term “vehicle identification
number”: Số khung xe
l chassis section = box or channel
section forming part of the
chassis: Bộ phận khung xe
chatter v. to move jerkily especially
at high speed, making only
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
check
irregular contact: Rung động ở
tốc độ cao
check 1 n. inspection to see
whether something is all right: Sự
kiểm tra
l an engine oil level check =
looking at the dipstick to see if
there is enough oil in the sump:
Kiểm tra mực dầu động cơ
2 v. to inspect (something) to see
whether it is all right: Kiểm tra
l check the plugs, and replace if
necessary = take the sparking
plugs out and see whether they
are in good condition, if not, fit
new ones: Kiểm tra bu-gi nếu hư
thì thay thế
l check ball n. ball in a ball-type
check valve: Bi trong van một
chiều
l check engine warning light n. light
which indicates a malfunction of
the engine system: Đèn báo kiểm
tra động cơ
l check point n. (a) particular point
on a piece of equipment where it
is possible to check if there is any
malfunction: Điểm kiểm tra
(b) place on a road where vehicles
are stopped, e.g. at a frontier or
on a rally: Trạm kiểm tra
l check routine n. series of checks
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
child seat
to be made when tracing a fault
or when inspecting a new vehicle
at the factory: Lộ trình kiểm tra xe
mới ráp
check valve n. (a) non-return valve
permitting flow in one direction
only, widely used in emission
control systems: Van một chiều
(b) residual pressure valve in a
brake master cylinder: Van áp
suất dư trong xi-lanh cái của hệ
thống phanh
chemical brightening or polishing
n. improvement of surface
smoothness of a metal by
immersion in a suitable solution:
Sự làm bóng bằng dung dịch hóa
học
l chemical toilet n. portable toilet
for use in caravans or when
camping: Nhà vệ sinh trong xe
nhà lưu động
childproof lock n. lock on rear doors
which when activated prevents
the door from being opened from
inside the car: Khóa chống mở
cửa sau
child restraint system n. general term
for child seats and accessories,
often used at a synonym for child
seat: Ghế trẻ em
child seat n. combination of a seat
85
chip
shell, a belt system and / or an
impact cushion, especially suited
for children of the age groups 1
and 2: Ghế dành cho trẻ em
chip v. (of stones) to cause damage
to (paintwork) in the form of small
pits: Làm bóng vùng sơn nhỏ
l chipping n. damage to paintwork
in the form of small pits cause by
stones being thrown against it:
Làm hư sơn do đá văng
chisel n. simple steel tool with a
sharpen end used with a hammer
to cut through metal and other
materials: Cái đục
chlorofluorocarbons n. gaseous
compounds used especially as
propellants for aerosol cans and
in refrigerants. It is usually called
CFCs: Khí CFC
chock n. = wheel chock: lót trục
bánh xe.
choke 1 n. device which restricts
the amount of air entering the
carburetor in order to enrich the
mixture when starting the engine
and running cold: Bướm gió
2 choke knob: Nút kéo bướm gió
l choke control = system for
actuating a non-automatic choke,
usually a cable with a knob on the
fascia: Sự điều khiển bướm gió
86
chromate
l choked = (a) (of engine) running
with the choke in operation: Động
cơ chạy với bướm gió hoạt động
(b) clogged: Kẹt bướm gió
l choke knob = knob on the fascia
for operating the choke: Núm kéo
bướm gió
l choke tube = carburetor venturi:
Họng khuếch tán
l choke valve = valve restricting the
amount of air or liquid admitted
especially on a carburettor: Van
gió
chop shop n. US = workshop or
factory specializes in replacing
the standard steel roof of cars or
pick-up trucks with a convertible
top: Xưởng làm mui xe
chromate 1 n. salt or ester of
chromic acid, often used as
pigment: Crômat
2 v. to treat with a solution of a
chromium compound to produce
a protective coating of metal
chromate: Mạ crôm
l chromate (conversion) coating =
conversion coating produced by
chromating: Phủ crôm
l chromate treatment = treatment
of metal with a solution of a
chromium compound to produce
a protective coating of metal
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
chrome CIH

chromate. NOTE: it is different deposition for protection against

from the meaning of the word corrosion, also with a thicker layer
“chroming”: Quy trình xử lí bằng for wear resistance: Được mạ
mạ crôm crôm

l chrome 1 n. = chromium l chromium-plating = process of

coating metal with a layer of
2. v to plate with chromium: Mạ
chromium and also the result:
crôm
Lớp mạ crôm
l chrome-hardened = Of steel,
l satin chromium plating =
hardened by the addition of
chromium plating with a soft matt
chromium: Làm cứng thép bằng
sheen: Lớp mạ crôm mịn
cách thêm crôm
l chromium steel = chrome steel
l chrome-plated or chromed =
chromium-plated: Mạ crôm chubby screwdriver n. screwdriver
with a very short handle and
l chrome steel = steel containing
blade for use in confined spaces:
chromium for extra hardness an
Tuốc nơ vít cực nhỏ
rust resistance: Inox (thép crôm)
chunking n. breaking away of
l chrome work = all the chromium-
pieces of the tread of a tyre: Sự
plated items on a car body: Các
mất gai vỏ (lốp xe)
chi tiết mạ crôm trên xe
CI (a) = Compression Ignition: Sự
l chromic acid n. electrolyte used
cháy bằng cách nén (diesel)
in anodising processed for
producing non-transparent, non- (b) = coil ignition (system): Cuộn dây
metallic oxide layers: Axit crômic đánh lửa, bôbin
(dung dịch mạ)
CIH = Camshaft In Head: Trục cam
l chromium n. hard grey metallic đặt trên nắp máy
element used in electroplating
l CIH engine = type of overhead
and in steel production for extra
valve (OHV) engine with the
hardness and rust resistance:
camshaft enclosed in, not on
Crôm (Cr)
top of, the cylinder head. Note,
l chromium-plated = coated with a it is not to be with an overhead
thin layer of chromium by electro camshaft (OHC) engine: Động cơ

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 87

CIM
với trục cam đặt trên nắp máy
CIM = computer-integrated
manufacturing: Hệ thống sản
xuất điều khiển bằng máy tính
circlip n. retaining ring in the form
of an incomplete circle and made
of spring steel, often with eyes
either side of the gap so that it
can be opened for removal. In
US English, it is snap ring: Vòng
chặn, cái phe
l circlip plies = special plies with
jaw tips coming to point so that
they can engage in the eyes of
the circlip in order to expand it for
removal: Kìm mở phe
l circuit n. (a) course forming a
complete loop over which races
are held: Chu vi vòng đua
(b) series of electrical connections
forming a complete path for the
current to flow through: Mạch
điện
l circuit breaker = protective device
which can be reset; it breaks
an electric circuit to prevent
damage when the circuit is
overloaded or overheated by
excess current flow: Bộ ngắt
điện dùng để bảo vệ
l circuit diagram = diagram showing
the complete wiring system of a
vehicle: Sơ đồ mạch điện
88
CL
l circuit tester = tool often similar
in appearance to a screwdriver,
with a light in the handle and
a crocodile clip which can be
attached to a suitable earth while
the point touches the part or the
wire which is to be tested; if the
light comes on, the circuit is live
at that point: Dụng cụ kiểm tra
mạch điện (bằng đèn)
circular headlamp n. tradition shape
of headlamp as opposed to the
modern rectangular headlamp: Đèn
pha kiểu hình tròn
circulating pump n. centrifugal pump
designed to generate forced
circulation of a liquid in a closed
system, e.g. a water pump in an
internal combustion engine: Bơm
tuần hoàn
CIS = Continuous Injection System:
Hệ thống phun xăng liên tục kiểu
k-jetronic
citizens’ band see CB radio
city car n. very compact car; usually
10-12 feet in length: Xe hơi loại
nhỏ
l city cycle n. = urban cycle
CL = Comfort Luxe, denoting a
model more luxurious than ‘l’ but
not as grand as ‘gl’: Kiểu xe sang
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
clamp
trọng nhưng không bằng kiểu GL
clamp n. fastening which holds an
item or items in its jaws by strong
pressure: Cái kẹp
l clamping load n. pressure on the
plates in a clutch or coupling: Tải
trọng
l class a-thread n. = external
thread: Ren ngoài
l class b-thread n. = internal
thread: Ren trong
classic car n. specially applies to
cars of the postwar era up to
about 1970 or even 1980, but
also used as a general term for
all old cars: Xe hơi cổ
l a classic car meeting = a meeting
to which enthusiasts bring their old
cars to look at them and discuss
them, often with a competition to
decide which is the smartest (a
concours): Ngày hội của người
chơi xe cổ
l restoration of classic cars = to
return old cars to as close as
possible its original condition: Sự
tân trang xe hơi cổ
classified (ad) n. small advertisement
in a newspaper or magazine,
usually put in by a private person,
e.g. with a car for sale: Mục rao
vặt (bán xe)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
clearance
claw hammer n. hammer with two
curved prongs at the back of the
head for extracting nails, etc.:
Búa nhổ đinh
clay model n. mock-up of a new
design made before an actual
prototype is built: Mô hình mẫu
xe mới bằng đất sét
clean oil n. fresh engine oil supplied
to engine from a container: Nhớt
sạch từ bình chứa
l clean oil lubrication = lubrication
system in which clean engine
oil is supplied directly to the
lubrication points of engine, as in
some two-stroke engines: Sự bôi
trơn bằng dầu sạch
clearance n. gap between two
parts: Khe hở
l piston clearance = gap between
the piston and the cylinder: Khe
hở giữa pít-tông và xi-lanh
l valve clearance = gap between
the top of the valve stem and the
tappet when the valve is closed
and the tappet is not pressing on
it: Khe hở xú-páp
l clearance height n. (a) = ground
clearance: Khoảng cách gầm xe
với mặt đất.
(b) maximum height of a vehicle such
89
clear coat
that it can pass under a bridge or
similar obstruction: Khoảng sáng
gầm xe
l clearance (market) lamp n.
lamp mounted on the roof of vans,
lorries and other large vehicles at
the left-hand and the right-hand
corners to show the maximum
height and width of the vehicle:
Đèn báo chiều cao và bề rộng xe
l clearance volume n. space
remaining above the piston of
an engine when it is at top dead
centre: Thể tích buồng đốt
clear coat or lacquer n. top coat of
base and clear systems: Làm
sạch lớp sơn ngoài
click-type torque wrench n.
torque wrench design to apply
predetermined torque, to which it
is preset, automatically releasing
once the setting is reached;
the release action is normally
accompanied by an audible click
and/or visible signal: Cần siết lực
tự động (báo hiệu khi siết đủ lực)
climate control n. lever or similar
that controls the heater and/or
air-conditioning system: Điều
khiển khí hậu (kiểm soát đồng
thời sưởi và điều hòa nhiệt độ)
l climate control system = C/locking = central locking: Khóa
90
C/locking
combined heating and air-
conditioning system: Hệ thống
điều hoà nhiệt độ tự động
l climatic chamber n. test chamber
which can reproduce extremes of
temperature and humidity, as well
as artificial ultraviolet rays: Buồng
khí hậu nhân tạo (để thử nghiệm)
climbing ability n. performance
when climbing steep gradient:
Khả năng leo dốc
clip-on weight n. small lead weight
used to balance a wheel by
clipping it onto the rim opposite
a heavy spot of the tyre/ wheel
assembly: Miếng chì bấm vào
bánh xe
clock 1 n. (a) instrument showing
time: Đồng hồ báo giờ
(b) odometer or speedometer: Đồng
hồ đo quãng đường tổng hoặc
tốc độ xe.
2 v. to record (a speed or time), or
to time (a car): Ghi lại tốc độ hay
thời gian
l clocking n. putting back the
mileage on a car’s odometer, so
that it shows a lower mileage
than the car has in fact done (an
illegal practice): Trả ngược chỉ số
kilomet
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
clockwise
cửa trung tâm
clockwise ad. in the same direction
as the hands of a clock: Cùng
chiều kim đồng hồ
clog v. to become obstructed with
debris, sludge or other matter:
Làm tắc nghẽn
close coils n. coils at the end of a
spring which are closer together:
Phần cuối lò xo
closed loop n. chain of control in
which feedback, usually from
a sensor or sensors, is used to
regulate mixture strength, dwell
angle and other engine functions
by electronic means: Chế độ điều
khiển vòng kín (hồi tiếp)
close–loop control = electronic
control system using feedback to
maintain correct mixture strength,
etc.: chế độ điều khiển kín trong
điều khiển phun xăng (dùng cảm
biến oxi) hoặc đánh lửa (dùng
cảm biến kích nổ)
close-ratio gearbox n. gearbox
in which there is relatively little
difference between the gear
ratios, so that fast changes can
be made: Hộp số có sự chênh
lệch tỉ số truyền nhỏ
l closing cam/rocker n. cam/rocker
which is used to close the valve
in desmodromic valve operation;
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
clutch aligning
unlike conventional valve control
systems, in which the valves are
closed by the valve spring: Cam/
cò dùng để đóng xú-páp
l closing force n. force necessary
for closing the valves, provide by
the valve spring: Lực đóng van (lực
lò xo)
l closing panel n. panel that covers
a gap in the body framework:
Tấm bít (thân xe)
cloth upholstery n. upholstery
covered in a fabric as opposed to
vinyl or leather: Nệm bằng vải
cluster gear n. lay shaft and/or the
set of gears mounted on it: Cụm
trục và bánh răng
clutch n. mechanism for connecting or
disconnecting the drive between
two shafts while they are rotating
or at rest, placed between the
engine and gearbox in vehicles
with manual transmission, and
usually mounted on the flywheel:
Bộ ly hợp
clutch aligning set n. selection of
different tools used to align the
clutch plate with the flywheel,
usually containing a shaft, pilot
bearing adapters, and tapered
universal sleeves: Bộ dụng cụ để
cân ly hợp
91
clutch brake
l clutch aligning tool = special tool,
either in the form of a bar or a disc,
with the aid of which clutch plate
and flywheel can be precisely
aligned on single disc clutches:
Dụng cụ cân chỉnh ly hợp
l clutch brake n. device for slowing
down the clutch plate and hence
the gears on the input shaft
in order to enable faster and
quieter engagement of gears:
Phanh ly hợp
l clutch cable n. operating cable
from the clutch pedal to the clutch
release lever: Cáp ly hợp
l clutch cover n. bowl-shaped
cover house the rotating elements
of a friction clutch, anchors the
clutch spring(s), and is normally
attached to the flywheel: Nắp
(bầu) ly hợp
l clutch disc n. us = clutch plate:
Đĩa ly hợp
l clutch drag n. failure of the clutch
to disengage completely when
the pedal is depressed, with the
result that gear changes become
difficult as the driven plate and
input shaft continue to rotate: Sự
trượt ly hợp
l clutch facing n. = clutch lining
l clutch fork n. clutch release lever
92
clutch release
with a forked end which presses
on the release bearing to
disengage the clutch: Cần nhả
ly hợp
l clutch housing n. = belt housing:
Vỏ bộ ly hợp và bánh đà
l clutch judder n. faulty condition
in which the clutch does not take
up smoothly but judders during
engagement: Sự rung lắc ly hợp
l clutch lining n. ring of friction
material on the clutch plate: Vòng
đĩa ma sát ly hợp
l clutch pedal n. pedal which
operates the clutch usually either
mechanically via a cable, or
hydraulically: Bàn đạp ly hợp
l clutch plate n. part of the clutch
assembly which carries the clutch
lining and is squeezed between
the flywheel and pressure plate
when the pedal is released, thus
transmitting power to the gearbox
input shaft. In US English, it is
clutch disc: Đĩa ly hợp
l clutch release or thrust bearing n.
bearing (usually a roller bearing)
that can be moved by the release
lever through clutch pedal action
to disengage the drive from the
engine to the transmission. In
US English, which is throw out
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
C-matic transmission
bearing: Bạc đạn đẩy ly hợp
l clutch release lever = lever one
end of which presses on the
clutch release bearing, the other
being actuated mechanically or
hydraulically by the clutch pedal.
In US English, it is throw out fork,
lever: Cần đẩy ly hợp
l clutch shaft n. short gearbox input
shaft, rotating at engine speed
and coaxial with but not connected
to the main shaft, which transmits
power from the clutch to the
gearbox: Trục bộ ly hợp
l clutch slip n. incomplete
engagement of a clutch, so
that not all the drive torque is
transmitted even when the clutch
pedal is fully released and the
driven plate does not rotate
as fast as the flywheel, engine
speed increase but road speed
open does not: Sự trượt ly hợp
l clutch spring n. one of the coil
springs (generally mounted in
the clutch cover) which press the
pressure plate against the driven
clutch plate to transmit the drive:
Lò xo ly hợp
l clutch stop n. = clutch brake
C-matic transmission n. trade name
for a semi-automatic transmission
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
coach lining
developed by citroen: Hộp số bán
tự động
coach n. a single-deck bus, usually
with a luxurious specification,
for carrying passenger over
long distances, either from city
to city with regular schedules
or in groups on tours: Xe khách
đường dài
coach bolt n. bolt with a mushroom
head underneath which it has a
square neck which holds it in a
matching square recess, e.g. in
wood, so that a spanner is only
needed for the nut: Bu-lông chìm
coach builder n. firm specializing in
the production of special bodies
for motor vehicles: Nhà chuyên
sản xuất thân xe
l coach construction = vehicle
layout incorporating a separate
chassis frame which serves as
a carrier of all drive train and
suspension parts, the vehicle
body itself not forming an integral
structural part of the vehicle: Cấu
trúc tổng thành
coach lining n. thin, precisely
contoured lines, especially along
the whole side of the vehicle,
also an motorcycle tanks, the
most common colours being gold
and black: Đường viền chính
93
coarse (-cut) file
l coachwork n. = bodywork: Thân xe
coarse (-cut) file = file for the rapid
removal of large amounts of
material in a first rough shaping
stage. It is pposite to smooth file:
Giũa thô
l coarse pitch n. construction
of a gear or screw thread with
relatively wide gaps between the
teeth or threads: Răng hoặc ren
thô
l coarse-thread = screw thread
with relatively wide gaps between
the threads, and hence fewer
threads for a given length of
screw: Bước ren thô
coast v. to run without any drive
being transmitted to the wheels,
either in neutral or with the clutch
out: Chạy bằng quán tính (khi
đạp ly hợp)
coat 1 n. layer of material, usually
applied in liquid form, cover a
surface: Lớp, màng
2 v. to apply a layer of usually liquid
material: Phủ (sơn)
l coating n. (a) action of applying
a layer of material to a surface:
Sự tạo màng
cock n. tap or shut-off valve
controlling the flow of water: Vòi
nước
94
coil ignition
cockpit n. area comprising the
driver’s seat and all instruments
and controls especially in a racing
car: Buồng lái
l coefficient of friction n. ratio of
the force needed to slide one
surface over another to the
force preventing the motion: Hệ
số ma sát
cog n. (informal ) gear: Bánh răng
l cog-swapping = gear changing:
Sự sang số
l cogged belt n. toothed belt: Đai
răng
coil n. (a) device for generating
high tension voltage consisting of
primary and secondary windings
around a laminated iron core:
Cuộn dây (bôbin đánh lửa)
(note: also called ignition coil)
(b) field coil/ winding: Cuộn dây
kích từ
coil chimney n. = coil tower
l coil coating n. process of coating
continuous metal strips with
an organic finishing system for
decoration and protection: Dán
đường viền
coil ignition (ci) (system) n. inductive
ignition system with an ignition
coil which stores the primary
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
coil lead
current from the battery and
steps it up to ignition (high
tension) voltage, which is then
transferred to the sparking plugs
via the distributor and ht (high
tension) leads in the engine
firing order: Hệ thống đánh lửa
điện cảm
coil lead n. ht lead from the coil
tothe distributor. In US English,
which is coil wire: Dây phin
(cao áp)
l coil spring n. spiral of spring steel
wire, used in suspension systems
and clutches and as valve
springs: Lò xo cuộn (xoắn)
l coil spring clutch = clutch in
which a ring of coil springs hold
the pressure plate in position: Ly
hợp loại lò xo cuộn
l coil spring compressor = spring
compressor: Thiết bị nén lò xo
l coil tower n. top of the standard
type of ignition coil in which
the socket for the ht lead to the
distributor is found, projecting
upwards: Đầu thứ cấp của bôbin
l coil wire n. us = coil lead
coke n. carbon: Than cốc
l coked up a. covered with a thick
carbon deposit: đóng muội than
dày
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cold start enrichment
cold-condensate corrosion n.
corrosion of the inside of exhaust
systems by direct chemical attack
resulting from an acidic, aqueous
solution that condenses from the
exhaust gas at the cooler rear
portions of the exhaust systems:
Sự ăn mòn do ngưng tụ ở pô
cold cranking ability n. criterion for
assessing the performance of
a battery based on its ability to
supply the considerable amount
of current need to turn the engine
when cold: Khả năng khởi động
lạnh
l cold galvanizing n. galvanizing
with zinc-rich paint or similar, or
by electroplating with zinc: Sự mạ
kẽm nguội
l cold sparking plug n. sparking
plug with a short insulator nose,
which absorbs less heat and
dissipates heat quickly: Bu-gi
nguội (lạnh)
l cold spraying n. spraying method
in which the paint is diluted with
so much solvent evaporating after
painting: Phương pháp phun sơn
với nhiều dung môi
cold starting n. starting the engine
from cold: Khởi động lạnh
cold start enrichment n. increasing the
fuel content of the air /fuel mixture
95
cold start injector
to compensate for condensation
losses in the intake system when
the engine is cold: Sự làm giàu hỗn
hợp khi khởi động lạnh
cold start injector n. device in fuel
injection systems which injects
additional fuel during starter
operation when the engine is
cold, working in much the same
way as a choke on a carburettor:
Kim phun khởi động lạnh
collapsible spare tire n. US = space
saving spare wheel: Vỏ xe dự trữ
l collapsible steering column n.
steering column designed to fold
or telescope in a case of frontal
impact: Trục tay lái xếp
l collar n. (a) washer fitted under
the head of a bolt or screw: Vòng
đệm, long đền
(b) raised area on a shaft to hold
it in position, usually against a
bearing: Phần nhơ của trục phía
gắn ổ bi
collector’s car n. usually old cars
which is valuable to collectors: Xe
của người sưu tập
collet n. removable collar fitting in a
groove to hold, for example, the
valve spring on the stem: Vòng
giữ (lò xo xú-páp)
colour chart n. booklet containing
96
column
details of paint name; codes and
samples of exact colours, for
the customer to choose from:
Cataloge màu
l colour coat n. coat of paint which
has desired final colour, often but
not always the top coat (in the
case of two-pack finishes a clear
lacquer is applied on top of it):
Lớp sơn cuối
l colour–coded a. (a) finished in
the same colour as the main part
of the bodywork. It is also called
colour-keyed or colour-matched.
: Trùng màu với thân xe
(b) (of wiring, etc.) finished in different
colours to aid recognition: Ký hiệu
màu dây
l colour scheme n. combination of
colours, on the outside or inside
of the vehicle: Tổ hợp màu trong
và ngoài thân xe
column (gear) change n. gear
change mechanism in which
the gear lever is on the steering
column, just below the steering
wheel. In US English, it is also
called column shift: Cơ cấu sang
số trên vô lăng
l combination pliers n. typical
general purpose pliers with
serrated jaws, an oval recess
and a wire cutter, in the usa they
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
combustion
also have a slip joint so that the
jaws can be opened wider: Kìm
đa năng
l combination spanner n. spanner
with a ring spanner at one end
and an open end of the same
size at the other: Chìa khóa vòng
miệng
l combination valve n. pressure
regulating valve in braking
systems incorporating a failure
warning switch and comprising
two or more of the fowling valves;
pressure differential valve,
metering valve, proportioning
valve: Van tổ hợp (hệ thống
phanh)
combustion n. extremely rapid (but
not explosive) burning of the air/
fuel mixture timed to occur when
the piston is at the top of its
stroke, so that it is forced down to
turn the crankshaft: Sự cháy
l combustion chamber = space
between the top of the piston and
the cylinder head, in which the
air/ fuel mixture is burned: Buồng
cháy
l combustion chamber recess =
area when combustion occurs in
a rotary piston engine: Vùng cháy
trong động cơ Wankel
l combustion pressure = pressure
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
compact car
created during the combustion of
the air/ fuel mixture in the cylinder,
measure in pounds per square
inch: Áp suất của quá trình cháy
l combustion residue(s) = carbon
and other deposits resulting from
combustion: Sản phẩm bám lại
khi cháy
CO meter n. device for checking
exhaust gas for carbon monoxide,
a high lever of which indicates an
over-rich mixture as well as causing
pollution: Thiết bị đo khí CO
comet head n. head with a swirl
chamber for indirect injection
diesel engines: Nắp máy với
buồng xoáy lốc
comfort (c) n. fairly basic car model
specification: Xe loại tiện nghi
l Comfort Luxe (CL) = slightly
more luxurious specification than
comfort: Tiện nghi và sang trọng
commercial vehicle = vehicle for
carrying goods or large number
of passenger for money: Xe kinh
doanh (chở hàng hoặc hành
khách)
commutator n. series of copper
bars at one end of the dynamo
or starter motor armature,
electrically insulated from one
another by mica: Cổ góp điện
compact car n. american car category
97
company car
with a length of 14 ft 5 ins -17 ft
and taking five passengers: Xe
hơi loại nhỏ năm chỗ
company car n. car provided by
an employer for an employee’s
business or private use: Xe
công ty
l company logo n. emblem
forming the whole or part of
a company’s trademark: biểu
tượng của công ty.
compass (display) n. instrument
with a magnetized needle which
always point to the magnetic
north: La bàn
compensating bar n. = compensator
l compensating jet n. jet in a fixed
jet carburetor which supplies
other extra air or extra fuel to
maintain the correct mixture
strength: Gíclơ phụ
compensation port n. A small hole
in the wall of the tandem master
cylinder with connect the brake
fluid reservoir to the pressure
chamber: Lỗ bù (phanh)
compensator n. horizontal bar
which is pulled forward when the
handbrake is applies at its central
point, which is pivoted, while it
is connected, at each end to the
handbrake cable, enabling equal
98
compound carburettor
force to be exerted on each rear
brake: Thanh cân bằng trong
phanh tay
competition car n. car specially
construct for taking part in
competitions, such as races, hill
climbs and rallies: Xe hơi đua
component n. part which may be
either a single piece, such as a
brush, or an assembly such as
a starter or a fuel pump: Thành
phần, chi tiết
component sharing = the use of the
same components (including
major components such as
engines) in different models
and even in models from
different manufacturers: Sự lắp
lẫn chi tiết
composite propeller shaft n.
innovative, single-piece propeller
shaft made of fibre-reinforced
epoxy in which the fibres are
usually glass and/or carbon:
Trục cánh quay (bằng vật liệu
composite)
compound carburettor n. carburettor
with more than one choke
(normally two-a small throttle
openings and a larger one for
large throttle openings), but for
fitting to a single port: Bộ chế hòa
khí kép (hai họng)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
comprehension insurance
l compound (centre) electrode
n. electrode for a sparking plug
with a copper core and a jacket
of a nickel-based alloy: Điện cực
trung tâm bằng hợp kim (bougie)
l compound glass n. = laminated
glass: Kính kép
l compound motor n. DC electric
motor with two separate fields
windings, one in parallel and the
other in series with the armature
circuit; used as a starter motor:
Mô tơ đấu hỗn hợp
comprehension insurance
insurance against most ricks,
including third-party liability, fire,
theft, and damage: Bảo hiểm
trọn gói
compress v. to place under pressure
or to squeeze into a small space:
Đè, nén, ép
l compressed air = air at a higher
than atmospheric pressure, used
to drive tools and machinery: Khí
nén
l compressed-air spray gun =
spray gun which atomizes the
coating material and projects it
against a surface by mean of the
negative pressure occurring when
a stream of air enters a pipe of
smaller diameter: Súng phun sơn
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
compression ignition
l compressed natural gas (CNG)
see natural gas: Khí thiên nhiên
nén
l compression n. (a) compressing
of the air/ fuel mixture drawn into
the combustion champer before
ignition takes place, either by the
piston during its upward travel, or
in the case of rotating engines by
the reduction of the volume in the
area between the rotor and the
epitrochoid housing: Sức nén
l check the engine’s compression
= turn the engine and check
n.
that its adequate resistance is
felt when its piston reaches the
top of its compression stroke;
alternatively use a compression
tester: Kiểm tra sức nén động cơ
l the shock absorber is adjustable
in both compression and rebound
= it is possible to adjust the
resistance of the shock absorber
to both pressure and rebound: Bộ
giảm chấn có thể điều chỉnh sự
nén và sự bật lại
l compression gauge n. =
compression tester: Máy đo sức
nén
l compression ignition n. system
on which the diesel engine
works, where ignition is caused
by the heat of compression and
99
compression leakage
not by a spark: Sự cháy nhờ
nén (diesel)
l compression leakage n. loss of
compression due to the escape
of gases usually part the piston
and due to wear of the bores
and piston rings: Sự giảm sức
nén do hở bạc
l compression moulding n. shaping
of moulding by softening it under
pressure and the action of heat,
and forcing it through a hole into a
hollow space which it completely
fills: Sự đúc bằng áp suất
l compression ratio (cr) n. ratio of
the volume between the piston
and cylinder head when the
piston is at the top of its stroke
(top dead centre): Tỉ số nén
l compression ring n. upper piston
ring of an internal combustion
engine: Bạc lửa, xéc-măng khí
l compression stroke n. upward
stroke of the piston with both
valves closed; as the piston
ascends, the air/ fuel mixture
(in diesel engines air only) is
temperature of the charge before
ignition: Thì nén
l compression tester n. instrument
100
computer aided
for measuring engine compression
when the running or cranking the
engine, usually inserted in the
plughole on petrol engines: thiết
bị đo sức nén.
l compressor n. (a) pump for
increase pressure used e.g. in
air–conditioning or in forced
induction (supercharging or turbo
charging): Máy nén (tăng áp)
l compressor impeller = impeller
of a turbocharger driven by the
turbine at speed to 160.000
rpm, which accelerates by
centrifugal force the charge air
which enters axially and leaves
radially at very high velocity: cánh
tua bin tăng áp
(b) tool for compressing a coil spring,
such as a valve spring: Thiết bị
nén lò xo
compress (pressure wave)
supercharger n. supercharger
using the pressure waves
reacted by the expanding
exhaust gases to compress the
inlet charge: Hệ thống tăng áp
bằng sóng áp suất
computer aided a. (of process) in
which computers are used for
calculations, etc.: Hỗ trợ bằng
máy tính
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
concept car
l computer controlled a. regulated
by a computer: Điều khiển bằng
máy tính
l computer controlled catalytic
converter = system in which
exhaust emissions are controlled
by close regulation of the a/ f
ratio and by the use of a three-
way catalytic converter. It is
opposite to open-loop catalytic
converter: Bộ xúc tác điều khiển
bằng máy tính
l computer controlled ignition
timing = electronic ignition system
with an integral microprocessor
determining the correct timing
using information from crankshaft
and camshaft sensors: Thời điểm
đánh lửa được điều khiển bằng
máy tính
l concealed headlight n. headlight
hidden under covers until
required, when they are raised
into position. It is also called pop-
up headlight: Đèn pha xếp
concept car n. car incorporating
new ideas, of which only one
example is usually made primarily
as a design exercise, but also
to impress the public: Xe thử
nghiệm (thường là model mới để
trưng bày)
concourse n. a meeting to which
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cone clutch
enthusiasts bring their classic cars
to show, including a competition
to decide which is the smartest:
Ngày hội xe hơi cổ điển
condensation n. liquid, especially
water, formed due to cooling
of moist air or vapour, also the
process of its formation: Sự
ngưng tụ
l condense v. to increase in density
and (of a vapour) to become a
liquid: Ngưng tụ
l condensed water = water
resulting from condensation:
Nước ngưng tụ
l condenser n. device in an air-
conditioning system mounted
in front of the car’s radiator with
coils and turns to liquid, which is
opposite to evaporator: Bộ ngưng
tụ (giàn nóng)
conductive a. capable of conducting
or carrying electricity, which is
opposite to resistivity: Dẫn điện
l conductor n. material which
conducts electricity due to the fact
that it has many free electrons,
which is opposite to insulator: Vật
(chất) dẫn điện
cone clutch n. early type of clutch
in which the driving and driven
elements have conical surfaces,
101
configuration
still used in the synchronizing
mechanisms of synchromesh
transmissions: Ly hợp côn.
configuration n. arrangement of part
in relation to one another: Cấu
hình
conical a. in the shape of a cone;
tapered: Hình nón
l conical seat or seating = circular
seating, e.g. for a valve or
sparking plug, with slopping
sides: Bệ hình côn
connecting rod n. bar forming the link
between piston and crankshaft,
and transmitting the force exerted
by the piston to the crankshaft:
Thanh
truyền (tay đòn)
l connecting rod bearing = big-
end bearing: Bạc lót đầu to thanh
truyền
l connecting rod shank =
longitudinal, usually i-section,
part of the connecting rod: Thân
thanh truyền
connection n. joining of two parts,
especially parts connecting
electricity: sự kết nối (nối dây
điện)
l connector n. part which joins two
or more parts together: Giắc nối,
102
constant velocity joint
giắc cắm
con rod n. = connecting rod
console n. small fascia and/ or
storage space between the
front seats in a car, which may
serve as a support for additional
instruments: Khung để gắn
tableau
constantan n. nickel and copper
alloy, used as resistance wire or
in thermocouples: Hợp kim của
đồng và nikel
constant-mesh gearbox n. most
commonly used transmission
type in which forward gear pairs
remain in mesh all the time, the
driving pair being engaged by a
clutch mechanism incorporating
a hub and sleeve, today almost
invariably laid
out as a synchromesh mechanism:
Hộp số kiểu luôn ăn khớp
l constant power distribution or
split n. system which ensures
that the same amount of the
power is always transmitted to
the front and rear wheels in a four
wheel drive vehicle: Sự phân bố
đều công suất trên xe hai cầu
constant velocity joint (cv joint) n.
universal joint in which the driven
shaft rotates at a constant speed
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
consumption
regardless of the angle adopted,
given a constant input shaft
speed: Khớp nối đồng tốc
consumption n. process of using up
or amount used, especially of fuel
or oil: Sự tiêu thụ (nhiên liệu, dầu
nhớt)
contact n. (a) touching of two parts:
Sự tiếp xúc
(b) part carrying electricity made
to touch another such part for
passing current, e.g. in a switch
or a contact breaker: Cái công
tắc, tiếp điểm
contact area n. = contact patch:
Vùng tiếp xúc
l contact arm n. arm in the
distributor or which the moving
contact is mounted: Cần vít ba
(vít lửa)
l contact bounce n. rapid opening
and closing of electrical contacts
causing intermittent functioning
of the circuit: Hiện tượng rung
tiếp điểm (vít)
l contact breaker (cb) n. mechanical
switch as the part of the distributor
of breaker-triggered ignition
systems which breaks the primary
current at the ignition point to
provide a spark, consisting of a
fixed contact or point and an arm
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
contact set
with a moving contact or point:
Tiếp điểm (vít lửa)
l contact breaker gap = points
gap: Khe hở vít lửa
l contact breaker plate = plate on
which the the contact breaker
assembly is mounted, and which
can be rotated slightly by the
vacuum or centrifugal advance
mechanism: Mâm xoay vít lửa
l contact breaker point = individual
contact of a contact breaker:
Điểm tiếp xúc của vít lửa
l contact chatter n. = contact
bounce
l contactless electronic ignition
(system) n. = breakerless
transistorized ignition (system):
Hệ thống đánh lửa bán dẫn
không tiếp điểm
l contact patch n. parts of a tyre
in contact with the road surface,
also called foot print: Phần tiếp
xúc của vỏ xe với mặt đường
l contact pattern n. wear pattern
visible at point where two parts
touch: Vết mòn
l contact point n. = contact breaker
point
l contact set n. replacement contact
breaker assembly for fitting when
new points are required: Nguyên
103
contaminant
bộ vít lửa để thay thế
l contact spring n. spring
pressing on a contact to hold it
in engagement, in a switch, bulb
holder, etc.: Lò xo tiếp xúc (đuôi
đèn, công tắc)
contaminant n. dirt or other
undesirable substances
pollutants: Chất gây ô nhiễm,
chất bẩn
continental-type fuse n. ceramic fuse
with conical and caps, colour-
coded for different values: Cầu
chì sứ
continuous AC ignition system
(CACIS) n. fundamentally new
ignition system, where a high-
energy AC arc burns for the entire
power stroke: Hệ thống đánh lửa
xoay chiều liên tục
continuous injection system (CIS) n.
mechanical fuel injection system
giving a constant supply of fuel:
Hệ thống phun xăng liên tục
l continuously variable transmission
(CVT) n. transmission system in
which the speed ratio of driving
and driven elements is infinitely
variable over the required
working range, or is varied over a
very large number of fixed ratios,
104
controlled combustion system
either automatically or by manual
control: Hộp số vô cấp
control 1 n. (a) device used to regulate
the functioning of system, either
operated by the driver by mean
of a lever, knob or switch, or
operating automatically: Thiết bị
điều khiển, kiểm soát
or
(b) ability of the driver to make the
vehicle perform as required: Sự
điều khiển (xe)
2 v. to do what is required: Điều khiển
l control arm n. suspension
arm controlling wheel camber,
especially the upper or lower
wish born: Thanh giằng
l control box n. (a) box containing
voltage regulators and cut-out:
Hộp điện bao gồm tiết chế và rơ-
le dòng điện ngược dùng trong
máy phát một chiều
(b) = control unit: Cụm điều khiển
l control cable n. cable usually in
an outer sheath, running from a
knob or lever to the device which
it operates or regulates. In US
English, it is control wire: Cáp
điều khiển
controlled burn rate see CBR
process: Tốc độ cháy được kiểm
soát
controlled combustion system (CCS)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
controlled vehicle
n. general motors term covering a
set of emission control measures,
including: modified combustion
champer design, high-
temperature coolant systems,
thermostatically controlled air
cleaners, very lean a/f mixtures,
high idle speed, severely retarded
ignition timing, TCS and TVS: ệ
thống kiểm soát quá trình cháy
controlled vehicle n. vehicle fitted
with a system for reducing
exhaust emissions, such as a
catalytic converter, air injection or
fuel evaporative emission control:
Xe được kiểm soát khí thải
l control plunger n. device in a fuel
injection system whose up-and-
down movement in the metering
unit of the fuel distributor controls
the open cross sectional area of
the metering ports and thus the
quantity of fuel supplies to the
individual cylinders: Van điều
khiển nhiên liệu
l control pressure n. pressure in
fuel injection systems; pressure
in an automatic transmission
which acts on the commands
valves and is derived from line
pressure or from throttle pressure:
Áp suất điều khiển
l control stalk n. spindle projecting
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
conventional spare wheel
from the steering column just
below the steering wheel, on
which are grouped controls for
some or all the following; light,
windscreen wipers and washers,
direction indicators and horns:
Công tắc tổ hợp trong tay lái
l control unit n. = electronic control
unit: Cụm điều khiển điện tử
l control valve n. valve regulating
or operating a system, especially
a hydraulic or vacuum control
system: Van điều khiển
l control valve assembly = casting
located in the sump of an
automatic
gearbox, which contains most of the
valves for the hydraulic control
system: Cụm van điều khiển
l control wire n. US = control cable
conv n. = convertible
conventional ignition system n.
ignition system consisting of
battery, ignition switch, ballast
resistor, ignition coil, distributor
and capacitor, contact breaker,
centrifugal or vacuum advance
unit, sparking plug and ignition
cables: Hệ thống đánh lửa
thường (vít lửa)
conventional spare wheel n. spare
wheel identical with the standard
105
conversion
wheels on a car: Bánh xe dự phòng
conversion n. (a) changing from on
state into another, e.g. of toxious
gases into harmless gases: Sự
chuyển đổi trạng thái
(b) altered state of a particular
system, or set of parts needed to
achieve it: Trạng thái đã thay đổi
của một hệ thống
l manual choke conversion (kit)
= parts needed to change an
automatic choke into a manually
operated choke: Phụ tùng để
chuyển bướm gió tự động sang
bướm gió tay
l conversion coating n. metal
surface coating consisting of a
compound of the base metal: Lớp
nền (sơn)
l conversion rate n. rate at which
a given catalytic converter
purifies the exhaust gas stream,
governed by various parameters
such as operating conditions and
converter design: Tốc độ hoá khử
converter n. (a) = torque converter:
bộ biến mơ.
(b) = catalytic converter: Bộ xúc tác
(c) = adapter: Đầu chuyển tiếp, đầu
nối
l converter case n. assembly in
106
coolant
an automatic gearbox comprising
the impeller with the converter
cover welded to it, containing
the converter fluid and vane
wheel s and connected to the
crankshaft via the drive plate
and revolving at engine speed:
Vỏ bộ biến mô
l converter cover n. part in an
automatic gearbox welded to the
pump, with which it constitutes
the converter case: Vỏ bơm bộ
biến mô
l converter housing n. (a)
stationary outer part of the
automatic gearbox casing which
houses the converter case: Vỏ
hộp số tự động
(b) housing of a catalytic converter,
also called converter shell: Vỏ bộ
xúc tác
convertible n. car with a hood that
can be folded down or a hard
top which can be removed, also
called open car: Xe mui xếp (mui
trần)
l US converter top = soft foldable
top of an open car, top of an open
car, made of canvas or vinyl and
usually including a PVC rear
window: Mui xếp
coolant n. mixture of water and anti-
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cooling fan
freeze (usually now with corrosion
inhibitors) in the cooling system:
Nước làm mát động cơ
l coolant level warning light n.
light on the instrument panel with
comes on when there is too little
coolant in the cooling system:
Đèn báo mực nước làm mát
l coolant pump n. = water pump:
Bơm nước làm mát
l coolant temperature sensor n.
sensor usually on the bottom of
the radiator connected to the
temperature gauge: Cảm biến
nhiệt độ nước làm mát
cooling fan n. large and powerful fan
on an air cooled engine, usually
of the axial flow type, driven via a
v-belt from the engine crankshaft,
with supplies a large volume of
cooling air to the cooling fins of
the engine, and adds significantly
to engine noise: Quạt làm mát két
nước
l cooling fins n. protruding strips
of flat metal cast on the cylinder
of air cooled engines (and
sometimes other component) to
increase the available cooling
surface, and to improve heat
dissipation: Cánh tản nhiệt
l cooling jacket n. = water jacket:
Áo nước
cooling system n. system for keeping
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
core
the temperature of an engine
down to a desirable level, usually
by the circulation of water with
additives: Hệ thống làm mát
copolymer n. polymer produce from
two different monomers: Hợp
chất cao phân tử được sản xuất
từ hai đơn thể
copper core n. central electrode of
a sparking plug or the wires of an
ht lead made of copper, which is
an excellent conductor electricity:
Lõi đồng của điện cực bu-gi hoặc
dây cao áp
l copper-core lead =
(unsuppressed) ht lead with a
copper core: Dây phin lõi đồng
l copper-faced hammer n.
hammer with a round head made
of copper, used on items which
would be damaged by the use of
a harder steel hammer, such as
knock-off hubcaps or spinners:
Búa đầu đồng
l copper plating n. applying a thin
layer of copper by electrolytic
deposition, especially on parts
in the electrical system such as
terminals and contacts: Mạ đồng
cord n. strong thread usually of
nylon used in the carcass of a
tyre: Lõi vỏ xe
core n. (a) central part which is
107
cornering
entirely enclosed, as in an ignition
coil, a sparking plug, an electrical
lead or a tyre valve: lõi, cực
(b) main part of a radiator below
the header tank, consisting
of numerous small tubes with
cooling fins and gaps between
for the air to pass through: Vỉ làm
mát trong két nước
l core plug n. sheet metal disc
inserted in a hole in the water
jacket of the cylinder block to
prevent it from cracking if the
coolant should freeze due to
insufficient anti-freeze, the
core plug being forced out by
the pressure created by the
expansion of the water when
frozen. In US English, it is freeze-
plug: Nút chống nứt lốc máy
(bằng kim loại, đặt bên ngoài áo
nước)
cornering n. negotiation of a corner
or bend: Sự quay vòng
l good/ poor cornering (ability)
= ability / inability of a car to
go round corners safely at a
reasonable speed, without body
roll and breakaway: Khả năng
quay vòng tốt/xấu
l cornering forces = forces exerted
on a tyre by the slip angle when
taking a corner: Lực tác dụng lên
bánh xe khi quay vòng
108
cost-effective
l corner speed = speed at which a
corner is taken: Tốc độ khi quay
vòng xe (cua, quẹo)
corrode v. (a) to suffer corrosion,
especially rust: Ăn mòn
(b) to cause corrosion in: Làm ăn
mòn
l corrosion n. chemical process
in which a metal is eaten away,
such as the oxidation of iron and
steel, otherwise known a rusting:
Sự ăn mòn (hóa học)
l corrosion control or prevention or
protection = minimizing corrosion
by coating with a protective metal,
an oxide, or similar substance,
or with a protective paint, or by
rendering the metal passive:
Kiểm soát (chống) sự ăn mòn
l corrosion inhibitor = substance
formed at a result of corrosion:
Chất được hình thành trong quá
trình ăn mòn
l corrosion resistance = ability of
metals to withstand corrosion:
Khả năng chống ăn mòn
l corrosion warranty = anti–
corrosion warranty
l corrosive a. causing corrosion:
Làm ăn mòn
cost-effective a. worthwhile in terms
of tangible benefits produced by
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cost option
money spent: Đầu tư có hiệu
quả, có lợi nhuận
cost option n. option extra for a new
car available on payment of an
additional sum: Chi phí gắn thêm
cotter n. tapered pin or wedge
inserted through holes in two
parts such as a or wheel or other
part on a shaft, so us to hold the
two parts firmly in position relative
to one another: Chốt giữ
l cotter pin = (a) split pin
(b) cotter
coulomb (c) n. unit of electric charge
being the amount of electricity
conveyed in one second by a
current of one ampere: Cu-lông
countershaft n. US = lay shaft: Trục
trung gian
countersink v. to enlarge the part of a
hole on the surface of the material
so that a conical recess is formed
to take the correspondingly
shaped heat of a screw, which
will then be flush with the surface:
Mặt vít lỗ ren
l countersunk bolt or screw = bolt
or screw the back of whose head
is angled to conform with the
angle (countersink angle) of the
sides of the hole into which it is
fitted: Đinh vít hoặc bu-lông chìm
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
courtesy light
l countersunk hole = enlarged
hole with slopping sides: Lỗ vít
l counterweight n. (a) weight
added to the crankshaft of an
engine to improve smoothness of
running at low engine speeds as
well as even increase or decrease
of speed, usually in the form of an
extension of the crank web on the
opposite side from the crankpin:
Đối trọng (trục khuỷu)
(b) = balance weight: Trọng lượng
cân bằng
coupe n. car with closed two-door
bodywork usually having a boot
(i.e. not a hatch back) and sleek
and sporty lines, the rear seat
often being rather cramped: Xe
hai cửa
coupling n. part for joining two
parts, especially shafts: Khớp nối
l coupling sleeve = sleeve or collar
moved along the main shaft of
a gearbox by a selector fork
engaging in a groove of its centre
and having dog clutches at either
end: Ống trục dịch chuyển theo
trục chính của hộp số có cơ cấu
định vị
courtesy light n. interior light which
comes on when the door is
opened: Đèn trần
109
cowl
cowl n. (a) part of the bodywork
with protects and/ or provides
streamlining for a usually
projecting component: Tấm cản
trước đầu xe
(b) US = scuttle
cowling n. = cowl
c-pillar or c-post n. third vertical
pillar of a typical saloon body
shell behind the rear door and
to either side of the rear window,
connecting the rear of the roof to
the side of the body: Trụ đỡ phía
sau khung cửa sau
CR or CR = compression ratio: Tỷ
số nén
cracking n. forming of cracks, e.g.
in the sidewalls of a tyre due to
hardening of the rubber, or in
paintwork due to weathering of
an excessively deep coat: Sự nứt
(vỏ xe hoặc sơn)
crank 1 n.(a) arm incorporating a
right
angle, often mounted on a shaft: Tay
quay
(b) = crankshaft: Trục khuỷu
2 v. to turn (the engine) by means of
the starter or with a handle: Khởi
động, đề
110
compression
l cranking enrichment = posision
of a richer mixture for starting the
engine: Làm giàu hoà khí khi khởi
động
l cranking speed = speed at which
the starter turns the engine: Tốc
độ khởi động
l crankcase n. part of the engine
that house the crankshaft (and
usually the oil pump) and carries
the sump, typically made of cast
iron and in one piece with the
engine block: Các-te
l crankcase breather = vent
which allows fumes and blowby
gases to escape, and reduces
condensation, usually connected
to the air intake of the carburettor
so that the fumes can be burnt
in the combustion champer: Lỗ
thông hơi các-te
l crankcase compression or pre-
compression = initial compression
of the fuel, air and oil mixture in
a two-stroke engine in the area
below the pistons to enable more
fresh charge to be fed into the
cylinder: Nén trước trong động
cơ hai thì
l crankcase emissions = pollutants
allowed to escape into the
atâmosphere from the crankcase:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
crankcase half
Sự ô nhiễm do hơi các-te
l crankcase half = one side of the
crankcase where it is split down
the middle, especially in single-
cylinder motorcycle engines: Nửa
nắp các-te (trong xe gắn máy).
l crankcase scavenging = system
in a two–stroke engine where
the fresh charge is induced into
the cylinder via the crankcase
and the transfer ports: Hệ thống
nạp khí qua các-te (trong động
cơ hai thì)
l crankcase ventilation = circulation
of air through the crankcase of
a running engine to removed
water, blow–by and other gases
and thus prevent oil dilution and
contamination, sludge formation
and pressure build-up: Thông hơi
các-te
l cranked a. having an elbow
or right angle shape in it, e.g. a
starting handle or wheel brace:
Tay quay
l crankpin n. journal on which the
connecting rod of a piston engine
is mounted: Cổ trục gá lắp đầu
thanh truyền
l crankshaft n. part of the engine
connected to the pistons by
connecting rods which converts
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
crankshaft sprocket
the reciprocating or up and down
motion of the pistons into rotary
motion used to provide the drive
to the wheels via the clutch and
transmission: Trục khuỷu, cốt
máy
l crankshaft journal = term usually
applied to the journals running in
the main bearings as opposed to
those for the big-end bearings:
Cổ trục chính trục khuỷu
l crankshaft position sensor =
sensor which transmits data on the
exact position of the crankshaft to
the engine management system
for accurate ignition timing: Cảm
biến vị trí pít-tông (vị trí trục
khuỷu)
l crankshaft pully = pully on the
nose of the crankshaft which
may be toothed for use with
a cogged belt for driving the
crankshaft, or recessed to
accept a v-belt, or slotted to
take a ribbed belt for driving
the alternator or dynamo plus
sometimes the fans and water
pump, it may also carry timing
marks: Puli trục khuỷu
l crankshaft sprocket = sprocket
mounted on the nose of the
crankshaft driving the camshaft
111
crash
via a timing chain: Bánh răng trục
khuỷu (truyền động xích)
l crank throw n. distance between
the crankpin and the axis of
rotation or centreline of the
crankshaft, which is equal to half
the stroke: Bán kính khuỷu
l crank web n. one of the pair of
arms which carries the big-end
journal: Má trục khuỷu
crash n. collision either with another
car or usually into some stationary
objects: Sự đụng xe
l crash barrier = barrier with
longitudinal members designed
to prevent a vehicle which is out
of control from leaving a road or
race track, or on a motorway from
crossing the central reserve: Con
lươn, hàng rào phân ranh giới
l crash gearbox n. gearbox
without any synchromesh, thus
requiring double declutching,
also informally called crash box:
Hộp số không có bộ đồng tốc
crash recorder n. electric device
that measures the speed and
direction of a motor vehicle,
as well as brake and indicator
activity: Hộp ghi dữ liệu xe khi
xảy ra tai nạn
l crash sensor = sensor which
112
creep
triggers the air bag when a
certain degree of deceleration is
exceeded, i.e. in a severe frontal
crash: Cảm biến va chạm (điều
khiển gối hơi)
l crash test = controlled test in
which a vehicle is propelled into a
wall or another vehicle at a given
speed, in order to study the effect
on its structure, the effectiveness
of safety belts, etc.: Thử nghiệm
va chạm.
crawler n. (informal) slow-moving
vehicle: Xe chạy chậm
l crawler gear = extremely low
gear mainly for off-road use: Số
cực thấp
l crawler lane = separate lane
for heavy lorries and other slow-
moving vehicles on a hill: Làn
đường dành cho xe chạy chậm
crazing n. development of a network
of fine cracks on or just under
the surface of paintwork: Sự phát
triển của những vết nứt sơn
crease n. ridge produced by folding
of the metal either as part of the
design or as a result of accident
damage: Vết móp
creep n. tendency of a vehicle
with automatic transmission to
edge forwards when idling with
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
crescent crossbar

drive engaged unless held on the connections: Kìm bấm dây

brake: Sự trườn xe ở tốc độ cầm
chừng khi không phanh (xe có
hộp số tự động)
l creepage n. spreading of
corrosion, especially rust, under
paintwork causing blistering
and flaking: Sự lan gỉ dưới lớp
sơn
l creeper n. low flat trolley made
of wooden slats with castors,
used by mechanics to lie on
when working under a vehicle:
Xe gỗ dùng để chui gầm (sửa
chữa)
critical speed n. engine or shaft
speed at which some unwanted
phenomenon such as vibration
sets in: Tốc độ tới hạn
crocodile clip n. spring clip with
serrated jaws for making
temporary electrical connections,
as on jump leads. In US English, it
is alligator clip: Kẹp cá sấu (điện)
crossbar n. (a) any transverse bar,
especially a tie rod across the
chassis, also specifically the top
tube of a cycle or motorcycle

crescent n. (in internal gear pumps) frame: Thanh ngang

part between the inner and outer (b) US = tommy bar
gears: Hình lưỡi liềm (phần nằm
l cross coat n. paint spraying
giữa bánh răng trong và ngoài
technique in which consecutive
của bơm bánh răng)
coats are sprayed at right
crest n. highest point of a screw angles to one another: Kỹ thuật
thread, opposite is root: Đỉnh ren sơn chữ thập
crimping n. creation of corrugations
l cross-country vehicle n. = off-
in two thin metal parts as they are
road vehicle: Xe địa hình
pressed tightly together in order
to join them, a method often used l cross-draught carburettor n.=
in place of soldering for electrical side draught carburettor: Bộ chế
connections: Nếp gấp chỗ nối hòa khí chéo.
dây với đầu giắc cấm l cross flow cylinder head n.
crimping pliers or tool = tool in the cylinder head design (especially
form of pliers with serrated jaws in an OHC–engine) with the inlet
especially for creating electrical manifold on one side and the

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 113

cross flow radiator
exhaust manifold on the other
side of the head, so that inlet and
exhaust valves are arranged on
opposite sides of the combustion
champer, giving a wider engine
but better gas flow: Nắp máy (quy
lát) có ống góp hút và thải đối
xứng
l cross flow radiator n. radiator in
which the water flows sideways
instead of vertically, and which is
therefore wider than it’s height,
permitting a lower bonnet line:
Bộ tản nhiệt với dòng nước
chảy ngang
l cross-head screw n. screw
whose head has a double slot in
the shape of a cross, design to
accept a special screw-driver: Vít
đầu chữ thập
l cross-head screwdriver = design of alloy wheel which
screwdriver such as the phillips or
pozidriv type with cross-shaped
ridges in its point for cross-head
screws: tuốc nơ vít đầu chữ thập
(bake)
l cross member n. any structural
main body or chassis member
mounted transversely, i.e.
linking left- and right- hand side
members: Thanh ngang (khung)
l cross-ply tyre n. tyre in which
114
crown
the plies are laid diagonally,
running across the carcass and
crisscrossing one another at an
angle of about 300-400: Vỏ xe với
lớp bố lót
l cross point screwdriver n. =
cross head screwdriver: Tuốc nơ
vít đầu chữ thập (bake)
l cross scavenging n. scavenging
in a two-stroke engine with flow
across the cylinder assisted by a
wedge-shaped piston crown: Sự
quét khí thẳng
l cross section n. view of an object
when cut transversely at right
angles across its centre: Mặt cắt
l cross shaft n. any transverse
shaft: Trục ngang
l cross-spoke wheel n. modern
imitates the appearance of the
classical wire wheel: Mâm đúc
giả căm
l cross-threaded a. (of a bolt)
damaged by being inserted in a
threaded hole at an angle: Bị trèo
ren
l crosswind n. wind blowing at the
side of the car: Gió ngang (xe)
l crown n. (a) top part, especially of
a piston: Đỉnh, đầu (piston)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cruise
(b) outward curvature of an apparently
flat sheet metal panel: Đường
cong biên (thân xe)
l crown wheel n. large of two
gears in a bevel gear drive with
teeth round its periphery facing
sideways: Bánh răng nón chủ
động (cầu)
l crown wheel and pinion = pair of
gears the final drive of a vehicle,
always found in the back axle
of a rear-wheel drive layout
where the pinion is on the end
of the propeller shaft driving
the crown wheel mounted on
the differential at right angles
to it, and also in front wheel
drives where the engine is not
transversely mounted: Vòng răng
và bánh răng nón chủ động (cầu)
l cruciform frame n. frame with it
x-shaped bracing either a chassis
frame, or in a monocoque as
strengthening for the floor: Khung
hình chữ X
cruise v. to drive at a constant
speed, using a fairly small throttle
opening: Chạy theo trớn
l cruise control n. computer
controlled system which
maintains a preset speed unit
the driver overrides the system
by braking or accelerating, or
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cup seal
by shutting it off: Hệ thống điều
khiển chạy tự động
l cruising speed n. constant
speed at which a car can be
driven without strain: Tốc độ
chạy theo trớn
crumple zone n. front end (and also
sometimes the rear end) of a car
which is so designed that it gives
way in a crash in order to absorb
as much as possible of the impact:
Cản xe
crusher n. machine which crushes
scrapped cars into small blocks:
Máy ép xe phế thải
cubby hole n. glove compartment
on older cars, often without a lid:
Ngăn chứa đồ ở xe đời cũ
cubes n. (informal) US = cubic
inches
l cubic capacity n. volume of any
enclosed space, including a
cylinder or an engine: Dung tích
(xi-lanh)
l cubic centimetre n. usual unit of
measure for the capacity of an
engine, almost always abbreviated
to cc: Phân khối (cm3)
l cubic inch n. unit of measure for
the capacity of an engine used in
north america, equal to 16.387
cc: Inch khối
cup seal n. synthetic rubber seal
115
curb
with a single lip used for sealing
hydraulic and pneumatic pistons:
Phốt (dùng cho pít-tông thủy lực
hoặc khí nén)
l cup-shape wire brush n. circular
wire brush on an arbor for use
with an electric drill: Bàn chải sắt
để đánh bóng
curb n. US = kerb: Lề đường
cure v. (of a plastic) to harden: Tơi,
làm cứng
l curing time n. time required for a
plastic such as a filler or coating
to harden: Thời gian làm cứng
current regulator n. device for
controlling the current output
of a dynamo (which increases
with engine speed) by opening
a switch when the current
exceeds a certain value, thus
protecting the dynamo from
damage due to excess current:
Bộ tiết chế dòng điện (cho máy
phát một chiều)
custom a. individually made to suit
the requirements and tastes of
the owner, especially as regards
appearance: Sự thay đổi theo ý
chủ xe
l custom wheel = special wheel
with attractive styling, usually
alloy, available as an aftermarket
accessory, fitted mainly to make
116
cutting compound
a car look more sporty: Bánh xe
kiểu thể thao
l customize v. to alter a car to suit
the requirements and tastes of
the owner, especially as regards
appearance: Làm thay đổi theo ý
chủ xe
cut and shut a. (of a car) shortened
by cutting out a section of the
chassis and/or bodywork: Cắt
ngắn thân xe
l cutaway a. (of a drawing or
model) with part of the external
cover or causing removed to
show the internal parts and how
they work: Mô hình cắt bổ (hình
vẽ hoặc vật thật)
l cut-in speed n. speed at which
the dynamo has to rotate to
produce a voltage which is
greater than that across the
battery terminals: Tốc độ phát
điện (máy phát)
l cut-out n. circuit-breaker,
especially one in the charging
circuit of a dynamo, whose points
open when the dynamo output is
less than the battery voltage, so
that the battery does not drain
into the dynamo: Rơ-le ngắt dòng
điện ngược
cutting compound n. relatively
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
CV joint
abrasive paste used to bring up
the shine of paint finishes which
dry dull or have gone dull due to
neglect: Bột nhám làm bóng sơn
l cutting disc n. abrasive wheel of
an angle grinder: Đĩa cắt
l cutting line n. line established
by the factory along which weld-
up assemblies must be cut when
replacing a sheet metal part,
in order to maintain structural
strength in the finished repair:
Vạch cắt
l cutting torch n. oxyacetylene torch
for cutting through metal, used by
emergency services and people
dismantling vehicles: Mỏ hàn cắt
CV joint n. = constant velocity joint
CVT = continuously variable
transmission
CWT = hundredweight
cycle n. sequence of changes of
state after which the system is in
its original state again: Chu kỳ,
chu trình
cylinder n. tubular chamber which
accommodates a reciprocating
piston, a in an engine or a
hydraulic system: xi-lanh
l cylinder bank n. one half of the v
in a v-engine; i.e. one of the two
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
cylinder block
rows of four cylinders in the case
of a v-8: Dãy xi-lanh.
l cylinder barrel n. external casing
of a cylinder forming a separate
unit, especially of an air-cooled
engine: Phần bọc xi-lanh trong
động cơ làm mát bằng gió
cylinder block n. cast-iron or, less
frequently, cast-alloy casing
containing the cylinders of an
internal combustion engine, with
a water jacket if water-cooled
or cooling fins if air-cooled, and
usually in one piece with the
crankcase: Khối xi-lanh
l cylinder block heater = electric
heater element in the water
jacket connected to the mains
which warms the coolant before
the car is used, ensuring better
starting and faster engine and
heater warm-up: Sự hâm nóng
nước làm mát bằng điện trở nhiệt
để dễ khởi động
l cylinder charge n. quantity of fresh
mixture fed into the combustion
chamber prior to combustion:
Lượng khí nạp
l cylinder head n. casting on earlier
engines of cast iron and on most
modern engines of cat aluminium,
bolted on top of the cylinder
117
cylinder head tester
block, usually containing part
of the combustion chamber(s)
with the valves and the sparking
plugs: Nắp quy lát (nắp máy)
l cylinder head bolt or nut = bolt
or nut holding the cylinder head
down: Bu-lông và đai ốc nắp
quy lát
l cylinder head gasket = gasket
located between the cylinder
block and cylinder head to seal
the combustion chamber and
to prevent compression and
coolant leaks, usually more than
one material: Roong nắp máy,
roong quy lát
cylinder head tester n. device used
to detect cylinder head leakages
which cause combustion gases
118
cylinder hone
to appear in the cooling system:
Dụng cụ kiểm tra hiện tượng thổi
roong
cylinder hone n. special tool for use
with an electric drill or air tools to
hone and polish engine, clutch or
brake cylinders, with a number
of hone stones that adjust to
different cylinder bore diameters
by spring tension: Dụng cụ xoáy
và đánh bóng xi-lanh
l cylinder liner n. hard metal insert
in the cylinder block forming the
cylinder wall, and in which the
pistons run, also called cylinder
sleeve: Sơ-mi, ống lót
l cylinder wall n. internal face of the
cylinder or bore: Thành xi-lanh
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
 D dash
Dd
D (a) = Diesel: Động cơ diesel
(b) = Drive: Số D trong hộp số tự
động
(c) = mark on the output (live)
terminal on a dynamo: Ký hiệu
cực ra (phát điện) của máy phát
damp v. to reduce the oscillations of
(a spring, carburetor piston, etc.)
or the vibration in (a crankshaft,
etc.): Làm giảm dao động, làm
giảm rung
l damper n. any device which
reduces oscillations (either
mechanical or electrical) or
vibration, such as a shock
absorber in the suspension,
or a vibration damper on the
crankshaft: Bộ giảm chấn, giảm
dao động (cả cơ và điện)
l damper piston = piston in a cylinder
whose movement is restricted by
a liquid or gas, which thus also
restricts the movement of another
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
member to which it is connected:
Pít-tông bộ giảm xóc
l damper springs = springs in a
clutch plate providing a cushion
against sudden loads due to
abrupt engagement: Lò xo giảm
chấn (ly hợp)
l damper strut = suspension strut
whose hub carries are attached
to the spring element rather than
to the damper tube: Thanh chống
bộ giảm chấn (hệ thống treo)
l damping force or rate n. amount
of damping applied by a shock
absorber: Lực tắt dần của bộ
giảm chấn
dash (board) n. = instrument panel:
Bảng đồng hồ (tableau) trước
mặt tài xế, bảng điều khiển
l dashboard gear change n. gear
change layout with the gear lever
mounted in and protruding from
119
dashpot
the dashboard: Cần điều khiển
sang số trước bảng đồng hồ
l dashboard plaque n. metal
plate, typically made of brass or
chromium-plated steel, awarded
for attendance or winning a prize
at a rally or other event, or with
the supplier’s name and address:
Bảng danh dự bằng đồng thau
mạ crôm (cho người thắng cuộc
đua xe)
l dash panel n. (a) structural panel
with bracings across the width
of the car on the inside of the
bulkhead below the windscreen
that provides the mounting
locations of the dashboard:
Khung trước vô lăng để gắn các
đồng hồ và các bộ phận điều
khiển
(b) bulkhead: Tấm ngăn bùn, tấm
chắn
dashpot n. small housing for a
damper piston moving in oil,
such as that of a carburetor: Bộ
giảm chấn nhỏ (gá lắp trên bộ
chế hòa khí, có tác dụng làm ga
giảm từ từ)
dazzle n. glare from the headlights
of on coming traffic which can
momentarily blind a driver: Sự
chói mắt (từ đèn pha của xe chạy
ngược chiều)
120
dead battery
dBA n. measurement of the level of
sound pressure with reference to
a particular circuit on a sound-
level meter which reacts in a
similar way to the ear: Đơn vị đo
cường độ âm thanh
DC = Direct Current: Dòng điện một
chiều
l DC generator n. US = dynamo:
Máy phát điện một chiều
DC rim n. = DROP-CENTRE RIM
dead battery n. (informal) = flat
battery: Ắc quy chết, ắc quy hết
điện
l dead axle n. axle that supports
weight and attached parts, but
does not deliver power to a wheel
or other rotating member: Trục,
cầu cố định
l dead centre n. position of the
piston either at the top or the
bottom of its stroke: Điểm chết
(piston)
l dead pedal n. footrest to the left
of the clutch on some vehicles:
Bàn để chân
l dead space n. space below
the piston available for pre-
compression of the incoming fresh
charge of the two-stroke engine:
Không gian dưới pít-tông để nén
khí nạp trong động cơ hai kỳ
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dealer
dealer n. person whose business
is buying and selling cars: Đại lý
mua bán xe
death rattle n. (informal) noise from
an engine which indicates that
it is likely to break down at any
moment: Tiếng khựng của động
cơ (sắp chết máy)
debugging n. eradicating faults in a
system: Sự sửa chữa lỗi chương
trình
deburr v. to remove burrs from a
metal surface: Mài nhẵn (bề mặt
kim loại)
l deburring n. removing burrs from
a metal surface: Sự mài nhẵn
decal n. type of transfer bearing
a model name or logo or other
wording: Nhãn, mác, tem (xe)
decarbonize v. to remove carbon
deposit from the piston top and
combustion chambers of an
engine: Khử carbon, làm sạch
muội than (pít-tông, buồng đốt)
decelerate v. to slow down by
taking one’s foot off the throttle
(opposite is accelerate). Giảm
tốc, giảm ga
l deceleration n. slowing down:
Sự giảm tốc
l deceleration fuel cut-off = in an
electrically controlled carburetion
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
De Dion axle
or fuel injection system, cutting
off the fuel supply when the
engine is at operation, the throttle
is closed, and engine speed is
above tick-over: Chế độ cắt nhiên
liệu khi giảm tốc
deck n. (a) floor of a commercial
vehicle, especially a bus: Sàn xe
(b) in an engine, top face of the
cylinder block on which the
cylinder head rests: Bề mặt khối
xy lanh (tiếp xúc với nắp máy)
l deck panel n. = rear deck panel:
Tấm ngăn phía sau
declutch v. to disengage the clutch:
Nhả ly hợp
decoke v. = decarbonize: Khử
carbon, làm sạch muội than
decompressor n. valve, often
manually operated and mostly
on old or diesel engines, which
releases compression in a
cylinder by allowing air to escape
in order to facilitate manual
starting (or kick-starting of a
motorcycle): Van xả khi khởi
động tay (động cơ cũ)
dedicated a. designed for a specific
use or for a specific vehicle:
Chuyên dụng
De Dion axle n. rear-wheel drive
layout with virtually semi-
121
defect
independent suspension, having
a solid tubular cross member
attached to both wheel carriers
and a single pivot point forward
of the axle, the differential being
attached to the chassis and thus
part of the sprung mass of the
vehicle: Cầu xe kiểu De Dion
defect n. fault in a system or flaw in
materials or a finish: Khuyết tật,
chỗ sai
l defective a. faulty or flawed: Có
thiếu sót, có khuyết tật
defensive driving n. taking into
account the likelihood of mistakes
that could be made by other
drivers and driving accordingly:
Cẩn trọng với lỗi của các tài xế
khác
deflated a. (of a tyre) having lost all
its air; containing no air: Xì hơi,
xẹp lốp
l deflation n. loss of air from a tyre:
Sự nổ lốp, sự xì lốp (vỏ)
deflection n. movement of a member,
especially part of the suspension,
when subjected to a load: Độ
võng, sự võng xuống (hệ thống
treo)
l deflector n. special piston profile
used to achieve cross scavenging
in earlier two-stroke engines: Kết
122
degrease
cấu đặc biệt của pít-tông động cơ
hai kỳ để quét khí
l deflector piston = now obsolete
piston design, featuring a
profiled crown intended to
help direct the incoming fresh
mixture upwards to expel the
burnt exhaust gas from the
cylinder: Pít-tông đầu có phần
dẫn hướng dòng khí quét
defogger n. US = demister: Bộ phận
làm tan băng, bộ xông kính
deformation n. alteration of shape
or dimensions of a body caused
by stresses, expansion or
contraction due to temperature
or moisture change, or chemical
or metallurgical change: Sự biến
dạng
l deformation zone = crumple
zone: Vùng biến dạng.
defroster n. US = demister: Bộ phận
làm tan băng, bộ xông kính
degradation n. deterioration in the
condition of a material: Sự thoái
hóa vật liệu
degrease v. to remove the oil and
grease from the surface (of a
part): Tẩy nhờn (dầu, nhớt)
l degreasing n. removal of grease
or oil from surfaces : Sự tẩy nhờn
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dehumidifier
l degreasing agent = usually a
solvent, but can also be an
alkaline solution or steam, used
for removing oil and grease: Chất
tẩy nhờn
dehumidifier n. device which absorbs
moisture from the air, e.g. in a
garage or in an air-conditioning
system: Máy hút hơi ẩm, làm khô
(không khí), giảm độ ẩm
de-ice v. to remove ice from the from
of an windscreen or rear window:
Làm tan băng
de-icer n. liquid usually in the form of
an aerosol spray for removing ice
from wind-screens and windows:
Dung dịch chống đóng băng,
dung dịch làm tan băng
deionized water n. water from which
impurities have been removed by
a special process, for topping up
batteries: Nước cất
delay valve n. valve used in vacuum
or hydraulic systems whose
closing or opening action is
delayed, e.g. delaying vacuum
signals by about 10-30 seconds
in the lines connected to the
distributor vacuum advance: Van
trì hoãn, van làm trễ
deliver v. (a) (of a pump, etc.) to
pump or discharge (a liquid):
Bơm hoặc đẩy chất lỏng
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
demist
(b) to drive (a new car) from the
factory to the distributor or dealer:
Giao xe cho đại lý
l delivery n. (a) discharging of a
liquid from a pump, etc.: Đẩy chất
lỏng bằng bơm
(b) driving a new car from the factory
to the distributor or dealer: Sự
phân phối xe đến người bán
l delivery pipe/ side = outlet pipe/
side: Ống phân phối
l delivery valve = valve on the outlet
side of a pump: Van ở đầu ra của
bơm
l delivery mileage only = has only
been driven from the factory to the
dealer who is selling the car: Chỉ
chạy từ nhà máy lắp ráp đến đại lý
delta configuration n. triangular
connection of the three stator
windings of an alternator: Đấu
dây kiểu tam giác (máy phát)
Deluxe (DL) a. better in its quality or
level of equipment than the basic
version: Hạng sang
demist v. to clear the windscreen
or rear window when they have
misted up (or when ice has formed
on the outside) (it takes longer to
clear fronts or ice on the outside
than internal condensation): Gạt
sương, làm tan sương
123
demonstrator
l demister n. device or system for
clearing a windscreen or rear
window which is misted up or
covered in ice. In English, which
is defogger or defroster: Hệ thống
xông kính, gạt sương
demonstrator n. car used by a dealer
for test drives and sold at a
reduced price after a year or less
of use: Xe để khách hàng chạy
thử và bán hạ giá sau đó
l ex-demonstrator for sale = car for
sale which has been used as a
demonstrator: Xe để khách hàng
chạy thử được đem bán
demountable rim = detachable rim:
Niềng xe rời
Denovo tyre n. special tyre (fitted to
a special rim) which used to be
made by Dunlop, and can be run
flat for up to 100 miles at up to 50
mph Denovo: Lốp xe Denovo
density n. compactness of a
substance, expressed as the
quotient of its mass and its
volume, or mass per unit volume:
Tỷ trọng
dent n. hollow or dip, e.g. in part of
the body, caused by a sharp blow
or impact: Vết lõm, vết thụn
l to hammer out a dent = to hammer
a panel from behind where it has
124
depth gauge
been dented so that the metal
surface regains its correct shape:
Gò cho bằng lại
2 v. to cause a dent in (a body
panel, etc.): Làm thụn vào, làm
lõm vào
l dent puller n. tool with a powerful
suction cup to pull dented doors,
wings, bonnets, etc. back into
shape: Máy kéo chỗ thụn (thân xe)
deposit 1 n. (a) coating of material,
especially unwanted, or layer or
sediment at the bottom of a tank:
Chất bám, muội than
(b) sum of money paid in advance as
part payment: Tiền đặt cọc
2 v. to apply (a coating of metal,
etc.): Phết vào, tác động vào, áp
dụng, ứng dụng
l zinc is deposited electrolytically
= a layer of zinc is applied by
electrolysis: Kẽm được phủ bằng
điện phân
depreciation n. loss of value due to
age or deterioration: Sự giảm giá,
sự sụt giá do cũ hoặc hư
depression n. restricted airflow
causing low pressure and a partial
vacuum: Dòng khí nạp vào ít
depth gauge n. measuring tool for
depth measurements: Thước đo
chiều sâu
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
derust
l depth micrometer n. micrometer
used for precise measuring of
hole depths, recesses, keyways,
and other depth measurements:
Vi kế (panme) đo chiều sâu
l depth of thread n. distance from
thread crest to root, measured
perpendicular to the axis of the
thread: Chiều sâu ren
derust v. to remove the rust from
metal parts: Cạo rỉ sét
derv n. Diesel oil, which used as a
fuel for road vehicles: Nhiên liệu
dùng cho động cơ diesel
descaling n. removal of scale or
metallic oxide from metallic
surfaces by pickling: Sự cạo sạch
lớp oxít bằng cách gõ, gõ gỉ
design 1 n. arrangement of parts;
form of construction: Cách sắp
xếp, cách trình bày, sự sáng tạo,
sự thiết kế
2 v. to arrange the parts or construction
of (a car, an engine, etc.): Thiết kế
l design engineer = designer
responsible for mechanical parts:
kỹ sư thiết kế
l design feature = particularly good
or unusual aspect of a vehicle,
etc.: Đặc điểm thiết kế
l designer n. person responsible
for the concept of a new car, etc.:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
detonation
Người thiết kế
desmodromic a. (of valves, valve
operation) closed as well as
opened by mechanical means:
Đóng mở bằng cơ khí
desorption n. removing adsorbed
material, which is opposite to
adsorption: Sự tách ra (bóc ra)
detachable rim n. rim which is
bolted to the wheel spider and
can be removed to facilitate tyre
changing, now mainly seen on
lorries: Vành bánh xe (niềng xe)
có thể tháo rời
detergent n. additive used in oil or petrol
which either removes deposits or
holds the contaminating materials
in suspension (which prevents
them coating sensitive surfaces
such as pistons): Chất phụ gia
được cho vào xăng dầu để tẩy
các lớp bám
detonation n. condition in the
combustion chambers that gives
rise to knocking or pinking, which
occurs when fuel is ignited too
early or spontaneously, due to
excessive ignition advance or
low octane fuel. This results in
colliding flame fronts and shock
waves which can in turn cause
over-heating and mechanical
stress: Sự kích nổ
125
detoxed vehicle
l detonation sensor = sensor
mounted near the cylinder bores in
the cylinder block, used to detect
engine knocking and to retard the
ignition correspondingly in order
to prevent engine damage: Cảm
biến kích nổ
detoxed vehicle n = controlled
vehicle: Xe được điều khiển
detuned a. to be adjusted
intentionally, so as to reduce
power, either for economy or for
greater flexibility: Cố ý chỉnh giảm
công suất để tiết kiệm xăng
l a detuned road-going version = a
version of a car used for racing
which has less power and is
suitable for road use: Xe đua
được chỉnh lại để chạy đường
trường
dewax v. to remove the wax from
bodywork: Đánh sạch lớp sơn
dew point n. temperature at which
vapour begins to condense: Điểm
ngưng tụ, nhiệt độ ngưng tụ
DFC = Digital Frequency Control
diagnostic centre n. part of a garage
or workshop where diagnostic testing
is under-taken: Phòng chẩn đoán
hư hỏng
l diagnostic computer = computer
used for diagnostic testing: Máy
126
diagonal belt
chẩn đoán hư hỏng
l diagnostic link = connection
between the diagnostic socket
on the vehicle and an engine
analyzer: Giắc chẩn đoán
l diagnostic socket = socket on the
vehicle connected to a diagnostic
system to which an engine
analyzer can be attached: Giắc
nối máy chẩn đoán
l diagnostic system = system of
electronic devices on the vehicle
which alerts the driver when a fault
occurs, and to which an engine
analyzer can be connected: Hệ
thống chẩn đoán
l diagnostic testing = testing of
a vehicle system such as the
electrical system or fuel injection to
detect faults, usually by means of a
computerized engine analyzer: Sự
kiểm tra bằng máy chẩn đoán
diagonal belt n. = shoulder belt: Đai
an toàn
l diagonal split braking system n.
Dual-circuit braking systems. In
which, each circuit brakes one
front wheel and the diagonally
opposite rear wheel, so that
in case of failure of one circuit
reasonably balanced braking can
be achieved: Hệ thống phanh
dạng mạch chéo
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dial
dial n. usually circuit face of a
measuring instrument such as a
gauge or speedometer: Mặt chia
vạch trên đồng hồ đo
l dial caliper n. slide-type caliper
with dial-type indicator: Thước
kẹp có đồng hồ
l dial gauge n. precision measuring
tool for taking measurements in
hundredths of a millimetre or
thousandths of an inch, having
a plunger or contact arm and a
dial face with needle to register
measurement, and used, for
example, to measure taper in
engine cylinders, run out of
gears, or the trueness of a shaft:
So kế
l dial torque wrench n. torque
wrench which measures torque
applied while the nut or bolt is
being tightened and indicates the
value on a calibrated dial: Cần
siết lực có đồng hồ hiển thị
diameter n. length of a straight
line through the centre of a
circular object connecting two
directly opposite points on its
circumference: Đường kính
diaphragm n. thin, flexible membrane
displaced under pressure, e.g. in
vacuum units, often connected
to a rod or other members to
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dickey seat
transmit movement: Màng (bơm,
bộ sớm chân không)
l diaphragm clutch n. = diaphragm
spring clutch: Bộ ly hợp có lò xo
màng
l diaphragm link n. An arm
connecting the diaphragm and
the distributor base plate in a
vacuum advance mechanism:
Thanh nối của màng (đánh lửa
sớm chân không)
l diaphragm pump n. glandless
reciprocating pump which a
flexible diaphragm is moved
backwards and forwards by a
solenoid or mechanically, used
typically as a fuel as a fuel pump
on an engine: Bơm màng
l diaphragm spring n. large metal
disc with spring fingers formed by
cutting internal radial slots, used in
clutches: Lò xo dạng lá của ly hợp
l diaphragm spring clutch =
most common type of clutch
used in modern vehicles with
manual transmission, in which
a diaphragm spring keeps the
pressure plate in contact with the
frictions plate: Bộ ly hợp có lò xo
lá (dạng mặt trời)
dickey seat n. extra folding seat in
the back of a two-seater, common
in the 1920s. In US English, it is
127
die
rumble seat: Ghế phụ phía sau
die n. (a) tool for cutting shapes in
metal, especially outside threads
on pieces of round bar or similar:
Dụng cụ cắt ren ngoài
(b) metal mould for casting: Khuôn
đúc
l die-cast = manufactured by
forcing molten metal (e.g.
aluminium) into a die: Đúc
dielectric n. material which is an
electrical insulator or in which
an electric field can be sustained
with a minimum loss of power:
Chất điện môi
diesel n. (a) = diesel engine
(b) diesel-engine car = vehicles,
which operate on diesel fuel: Xe
chạy dầu
l dieseling n. = running-on: Hiện
tượng động cơ vẫn nổ sau khi tắt
công tắc máy
diesel cycle n. Which is usually four-
stroke cycle, according to which a
diesel engine operates, in which
air is sucked into the cylinder and
compressed at a ratio of up to
24:1: Chu kỳ động cơ diesel
diesel engine n. compression
ignition engine named after its
German inventor Rudolf Diesel
(1858 – 1913), operating on the
128
differential
diesel cycle and burning diesel
fuel rather than petrol: Động cơ
diesel
diesel fuel n. light oil fuel with a
relatively low ignition temperature:
Nhiên liệu diesel
l diesel knock n. Noises are
caused by the rapid rise when the
pressure in a diesel engine rises,
especially at low speeds and
cold: Tiếng gõ của động cơ diesel
l diesel oil n. = diesel fuel: Dầu
cho động cơ diesel
l diesel particulate filter n. filter
removing particulates from a
diesel exhaust, which is similar to
appearance in a honeycomb-type
catalytic converter, but it is unlike
the catalytic converter without any
catalytic function. It acts simply
as a mechanical separator: Bộ
lọc muội than trong khí thải động
cơ diesel
l diesel rattle n. = diesel knock:
Tiếng gõ của động cơ Diesel.
die stock n. Tools are used to hold
and operated dies when cutting
outside threads: Bàn ren.
differential n. gears, which is
assembled between two drive
shafts that permits one shaft to
turn at a different speed from
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
diffusing lens
the other, while it is transmitting
power: Bộ vi sai
l differential cage = rotating
metal frame that encloses the
differential side gears and pinion
gears inside the axle casing: Hộp
vi sai
l differential casing = casing for a
differential, often forming part of
the axle casing of a live beam
axle: Vỏ ngoài bộ vi sai và bánh
răng chủ động
l differential lock = A mechanism
which eliminates the action of the
differential, so that both wheels
can be driven for better adhesion
on slippery surfaces: Khóa vi sai
l differential pinion = A bevel pinion
located inside the differential:
Bánh răng nhỏ bộ vi sai
l differential side gear = bevel
gear locates on either side of
the differential into the centre,
of which the axle shaft fits: Bánh
răng côn trục cầu xe
diffusing lens n. lens are in a
headlamp glass to help focus the
beam: Thấu kính hội tụ ánh sáng
(đèn đầu)
digital caliper n. slide-type caliper
with digital read out: Thước kẹp
có màn hình hiện số
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dip
l digital frequency control n. A
system, which automatically
stabilizes and tunes the frequency
of a selected radio station: Hệ
thống dò đài tự động (radio)
l digital speedometer n. A
speedometer, which only has
a digital display of the current
speed with no dial: Đồng hồ tốc
độ hiện số
dimmer controller n. devices give
gradual fading of brightness,
e.g. for the instrument panel
illumination: Cơ cấu chỉnh độ
sáng của đèn
l dimmer switch n. US = dip switch:
Công tắc pha - cốt
DIS: German Industrial Standard:
Tiêu chuẩn Công nghiệp Đức
dinging n. straightening a damaged
panel using hammer and dolly
to bring it back into shape, after
initial roughing out: Sự gò, nắn lại
diode n. solid-state electronic
devices that allow the passage of
an electric circuit in one direction
only. They are used in alternators
to change alternating current to
direct current for charging the
battery: Điốt
dip v. to switch headlights to the
lower beam: Bật sang đèn cốt
129
dipped beam
l dipped beam n. lower beam direct
at the road closer to the front of
the vehicle than the main beam
in order not to dazzle drivers of
oncoming vehicles, and also to
the near side to illuminate the
side of the road. It is achieved by
switching to a second filament in
the headlight bulb, which is closer
to the upper half of the reflector.
In US English, it is low beam:
Đèn cốt
l dipper switch n. = dip switch:
Công tắc chuyển đèn cốt
l dipping mirror n. mirrors, which
help to reduce annoying dazzle
from the headlights of following
vehicles which consists typically
of two glass panes, one a
mirror and one clear. The clear
glass is tilted by moving a small
control under the mirror which
then deflects the headlight glare
downwards: Gương giảm chói
(từ đèn xe chạy sau)
l dip switch n. a switch, which
is usually incorporated in the
control stalk but sometimes foot-
operated, which changes the
headlights from main to dipped
beam (and vice versa). In US
English, it is dimmer switch: Công
tắc chuyển đổi pha - cốt
130
dipstick
dipstick n. A metal rod which pushed
home on its seating enters the oil
with its bottom end, so that when
it is withdrawn, it indicates the
level of the oil: Cây đo mức dầu
bôi trơn, que thăm nhớt
l dipstick tube = A tube locates
on the engine block or gearbox,
which holds the dipstick: Ống giữ
que đo mực dầu
direct-acting shock absorber =
telescopic shock absorber: Bộ
giảm chấn kiểu ống lồng
l direct current n. electric current
flows in one direction only (DC),
which is opposite to alternating
current: Dòng điện một chiều
l direct damage n. damage is
caused directly by the impact of
an obstacle. Opposite is indirect
damage: Sự hư hỏng khi đụng
trực tiếp vào chướng ngại vật
l direct drive n. transmission mode
in which engine, gearbox and
propeller shaft rotate at the same
speed, bypassing the reducing
stages of the gearbox: Sự truyền
động trực tiếp (động cơ và trục
hộp số cùng tốc độ)
l direct ignition system n. =
distributorless ignition system
(DIS): Hệ thống đánh lửa trực
tiếp
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
directional stability
l direct injection n. fuel is directly
injected into the combustion
chamber, especially in diesel
engines, and required very high
injection system pressure to
overcome the pressure inside the
combustion chamber at the time
of injection: Sự phun nhiên liệu
trực tiếp
directional stability n. vehicle’s
ability, which helps to continue
moving in a straight line with
a minimum of steering control,
even under adverse conditions
such as crosswinds: Sự ổn định
hướng di chuyển
l directional tread pattern n. tyre
tread pattern is designed to rotate
in one direction only: Hoa gai trên
vỏ xe theo một hướng
direction indicator n. winking signal
lights on either side of the vehicle
at front and rear, which is used to
indicate the other drivers about
turning right or left: Đèn báo rẽ
l direction indicator warning
lights = lights are located on the
instrument panel, one of which
flashes when the indicators are
being operated; usually in the
shape of a green arrow: Đèn hiệu
báo rẽ trên bảng tableau
l direction of rotation n. direction,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
discharge
in which a wheel, shaft or similar
turns: Chiều quay
l direction of travel n. direction,
in which a vehicle is traveling:
Hướng đi của xe
disabled a. Being unable to be
driven due to a breakdown or
accident damage: Không hoạt
động được (vì hỏng)
l disassemble v. = to unbind an
item becoming separated parts:
Tháo rời
disc n. flat circular plates are used
for instance in disc brakes and
some clutches: Mâm, đĩa
l disc brake n. brake in which
brake pads, in a vice-like caliper
which is either mounted on the
hub in order to slow it down or to
stop it: Phanh đĩa
l four-wheel disc brakes = disc
brakes fitted to both front and
rear wheels: Phanh đĩa bốn bánh
l disc brake gauge = tools are used
for measuring thickness, wear,
and score depth on brake discs:
Dụng cụ độ mòn đĩa phanh.
l disc brake rotor = brake disc: Đĩa
phanh
discharge 1 v. (a) to lose or give out
electric current from a battery:
Phóng điện
131
discolour
(b) to pour out liquid from a pump:
Đẩy chất lỏng ra.
2 n. giving out of electric current or
pouring out of liquid: Sự phóng
điện, sự chảy ra
l discharged battery = flat battery:
Ắc quy bị phóng điện
l discharge indicator n. = battery
discharge indicator: Đèn báo sạc
l discharge pipe n. outlet pipe of a
pump: Đường ống ra
l discharge pressure n. pressure
exerted in a liquid pumped,
expressed in psi: Áp suất ra
(bơm)
l discharge rate n. amount of
current discharged, expressed in
amps: Độ phóng điện
l discharge side n. = outlet side:
Bên xả
l discharge valve n. valve on
the outlet side of a reciprocating
pump, which is opposite to
suction valve: Van xả, van ra
(bơm pít-tông)
l discharging current n. current
is supplied by a storage cell
or battery, whose direction is
opposite to that of the charging
current: Dòng điện phóng
discolour v. to alter the colour of
132
disengage
(a finish, metal, etc.) to a colour
which is not wanted: Làm lệch
màu (sơn).
disconnect v. to remove the
connection from a mechanical or
electrical device to another: Cắt
rời, ngắt ra, tháo
l disconnect the battery = remove
the battery terminals: Tháo cọc
ắc quy
disc sander n. round, rubber disc is
powered by an electric drill and it
is covered with abrasive paper for
rough sanding work: Đĩa mài
l disc valve n. type of rotary valve
that allows the passage of fluid
through an arc-shaped slot: Van
dạng đĩa
l disc wheel n. simple, most
common form of wheel on
passenger cars and light
commercial vehicles, consisting
of a pressed steel disc the centre
of which is bolted to the hub, and
which has fixed to its periphery,
the rim serving as a seat for the
tyre: Mâm bánh xe
disengage v. to move a gear, dog
clutch, etc. so that it is no longer
in mesh with another matching
part: Tách ra, tách ly hợp
l to disengage the clutch = to let
out the clutch by pressing on the
clutch pedal, so that there is no
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dished
connection between the engine
and the gearbox: Cắt ly hợp
dished a. offset so that the centre (of
a wheel or similar) is not in line
with the rim, but recessed: Lõm
lòng mâm bánh xe
dismantle v. to take (a car, engine,
etc.) to pieces: Tháo rời các bộ
phận (xe, động cơ)
displacement n. term particularly
used in America for cubic
capacity: Dung tích xi-lanh
l displacement volume = swept
volume: Thể tích xi-lanh
distance piece n. parts such as a
collar placed between two parts
to keep them the correct distance
apart: Ống kẹp định vị
distilled water n. especially pure
water that has been freed of
dissolved or suspended solids
and organisms by distillation. It is
used to top up batteries: Nước cất
distortion n. bending and twisting
out of shape: Sự méo mó (do
cong, xoắn)
distributor n. an assembly, which
distributes the ignition voltage
generated in the ignition coil to
the sparking plugs in the firing
order of the engine: Bộ chia điện
(delco)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
distributor clamp
l distributor baseplate = fixed plate
in the body of the distributor, on
which the contact breaker or
triggering device is mounted, and
through the centre of which, the
distributor shaft passes: Mâm vít
lửa
l distributor body = a bowl-like
part containing the distributor
shaft with the rotor arm at its
top end, and in the conventional
version, the centrifugal advance
mechanism and the contact
breaker: Thân bộ chia điện
l distributor cam = a cam at the
top of the distributor shaft with
as many lobes as there are
cylinders, acting on the heel of
the contact breaker arm: Cam đội
vít lửa
l distributor cap = removable cover
of the distributor, having a high-
voltage centre tower for the
lead from the coil, and as many
regularly spaced outer towers as
there are cylinders, each of these
corresponding to a contact on the
inside of the cap and receiving the
HT lead for one of the sparking
plugs on the outside: Nắp bộ chia
điện (nắp delco)
l distributor clamp = clamp which
holds the distributor in position,
and which can be loosened
in order to turn the distributor
133
dive
relative to its shaft to adjust the
ignition timing: Kẹp giữ (chân) bộ
chia điện
l distributor rotor (arm) = rotor arm:
Mỏ quẹt chia điện (con quay)
l distributor shaft = drive shaft to
the distributor that rotates at haft
engine speed and has at its top
end the distributor cam and rotor
arm: Trục bộ chia điện
l distributor tower = terminal tower:
Điện cực trung tâm trên nắp bộ
chia điện
l distributor weight = one of the
weights used in a centrifugal
advance mechanism: Quả ly tâm
(đánh lửa sớm)
l distributor wrench = wrench
designed for loosening and
tightening the distributor clamp
bolts and/ or lock nuts, when
adjusting, removing or installing
distributors: Cờ lê dùng chỉnh lửa
bộ chia điện
l distributorless ignition system n.
electronic ignition system without
a conventional rotating distributor,
using multi-spark ignition coils or
one ignition coil per sparking plug
(DIS or DLI): Hệ thống đánh lửa
không có bộ chia điện
dive n. = brake dive: Sự phanh bị
chúi
134
DLR = Dealer
diversification n. varying and
extending a firm’s range of
models and products: Sự đa
dạng hóa (xe)
divert v. to make air, a liquid, traffic,
etc. follow a different course: Làm
chuyển hướng không khí, chất
lỏng, xe cộ, v.v.
l diversion n. alternative route
which traffic has to follow due to
closure of a stretch of road for
repairs, etc.: Sự chuyển lộ trình
khác vì sửa đường
divided propeller shaft or propshaft
n. Propeller shaft, usually in
long chassis rear-wheel drive
vehicles, which is divided into two
section with a bearing and CV
joint mounted on a chassis cross
member at the central point: Trục
phân phối
divider n. measuring tool with
two straight pointed arms, it is
used to mark off and transfer
measurements, e.g. on sheet
metal or other metal components:
Com-pa
DIY: Do-It-Yourself: Tự làm, tự sửa
chữa
l DIY mechanic = unqualified person
who does his own repairs on his
car: Người tự sửa chữa xe mình
DLR = Dealer: Đại lý
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dog guard
dog guard n. grid made of tubular
bars or wire mesh to keep a dog
in the luggage compartment of
an estate or hatchback: Bộ giữ
ngàm (cốp xe)
l dogleg pillar n. = C-pillar: Trụ đỡ
khung cữa sau
l dogleg section = irregular shaped
part of the leading edge of the
rear quarter panel of a four-door
saloon along the wheel cutout
and up to the waistline: Phần uốn
khúc
DOHC = Double Overhead
Camshafts: Hai trục cam trên nắp
máy
dolly n. (a) metalworking tool,
available in a variety of shapes
and sizes, comprising a curved
polished block of cast iron or
forged steel, used to assist
in forming three-dimensional
shapes and in straightening
dented panels, usually by holding
the dolly behind the metal to
be shaped and hammering the
metal: Cái đe (để làm đồng xe)
(b) trolley that supports the front
wheels when a disabled vehicle
is being towed: Khung đỡ bánh
trước (khi kéo xe)
dome lamp n. dome-shaped interior
light (US): Đèn mui xe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
door
domestic a. (of product) made in
the country, which is opposite to
foreign: Nội địa (xe)
donor car n. cars from which parts
are used to repair another one of
the same type or to build a special
or kit car: Xe để tháo phụ tùng
door n. hinged panel or flap allowing
access or exit: Cửa xe
l five-door version = hatchback
version with two doors either side
and a rear tailgate: Kiểu xe năm
cửa
l door alignment n. accuracy
of fitting of the door in the door
aperture: Sự cân chỉnh cửa
l door aperture n. opening into
which the door fits: Khung cửa.
l door beam n. = side impact bar:
Thanh cản phía cửa
l door bottom n. lower door area,
both of the door skin and of the
door frame, also the narrow
horizontal lower panel of the door
frame that incorporates the drain
holes: Bệ cửa
l door capping n. moulding between
the door trim panel and the
window glass: Roong cửa
l door check arm or strap n. device
which controls the full open and
holding positions of a door and
135
door frame
prevents it from being opened too
far: Bảng giằng cửa không cho
mở lớn
l door frame n. (a) bare skeleton
of the door to which the door skin
and door trim are fitted
(b) door aperture: Khung cửa
l door gap n. gaps all round the
edge of the door: Khe hở mép
cửa
l door glass n. a glass pane filling
the top half of a door, which can
be lowered and raised: Kính cửa
l door handle n. interior or exterior
handle for opening a door: Tay
nắm mở cửa
l door hinge n. a part by which the
door is attached with a pivot to
the door pillar, and which allows it
to swing open or shut: Bản lề cửa
l door hold-open spring n. a spring
is fitted to door hinges to provide
spring load to keep the door in an
open position: Lò xo giữ cửa mở
l door latch n. A part of the door
lock which contacts the striker
plate as the door is closed, and
springs back when the door is
fully shut to hold it in the closed
position: Chốt cửa
l door lock n. a mechanism for
opening and closing the door, with
136
door protector
a lockable cylinder for holding the
door closed until opened by a
key: Cơ cấu khóa cửa
l door lock de-icer = fluid, usually
in an aerosol, for melting ice in a
door lock: Chất làm tan băng lỗ
khóa cửa
l door mirror n. exterior, door-
mounted, rear-view mirror;
nowadays adjustable from
inside the car: Gương chiếu hậu
trên cửa
l door pillar or post n. one of the
vertical members of the body
shell ahead of and behind the
doors, which also support the
roof structure and reinforce the
body as a whole : Trụ chống cửa.
l door pillar switch = small switch,
typically in the lower portion of the
A-pillar, whose main function is to
switch on the courtesy lighting
when the door is opened: Công
tắc cửa (đèn)
l door pocket n. container now
usually mounted on, rather
than in, the door trim, for maps,
dusters, cloths, etc.: Hộc nhỏ trên
cửa (đựng bản đồ,…)
l door protector n. strip of rubber or
plastic which fits over the edge of
the door to protect it from damage
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
door seal
when it is opened carelessly:
Đệm cao su bảo vệ cửa
l door seal n. weather-strip fitted
to the door surround to form
a seal when the door is closed:
Đệm làm kín cửa
l door shut (face) n. edges of a
door which are not visible from
the outside or inside when the
door is shut: Cái mép cửa
l door sill n. = SILL: Ngưỡng cửa
l door skin n. large sheet metal
panel of the door visible from the
outside: Tấm cửa (phần thép)
l door speaker n. loudspeaker for
a car stereo mounted in the door
trim: Loa được đặt ở cửa
l door stay n. device incorporated
in door hinges that keeps the
door in an open position and
prevents it from closing under its
own weight: Bảng giằng cửa giữ
cho cửa mở
l door step n. top part of the outer
sill, visible when the door is
opened: Bậc cửa
l door surround n. faces of the
door step, door pillars and roof
section forming the door aperture:
Đường viền bao quanh cửa
l door trim (panel) n. panel
covered in vinyl or other material
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
double-barrel carburetor
and fitted to the inside of the door:
Tấm bọc cửa (bên trong)
l door well n. cavity enclosed
by the door frame, door skin
and trim panel, containing the
window winding mechanism and
into which the window glass is
lowered: Khoang cửa xe (nơi
kính dịch chuyển)
DOT = (a) (UK) Department of
Transport : Bộ Giao thông
(b) (US) Department of Transportation
l DOT 4 (brake fluid) = brake
fluid made to a particularly high
specification: Dầu phanh tốt
l DOT code = code on tyre
sidewalls made up of the letters
and numbers giving information
on the production date of a tyre:
Mã ghi ngày sản xuất trên vỏ xe
double-acting n. (of a shock
absorber or pump) having a
piston with fluid on both sides
so that in a pump one piston
end performs the suction stroke
while the other discharges the
liquid, and in a shock absorber
both upward and downward
movements are damped: Tác
động kép (bơm hoặc giảm xóc)
l double-barrel carburetor n. =
twin-choke carburetor: Bộ chế
hòa khí hai họng khuếch tán
137
double-decker bus
l double-decker bus n. Buses with
two decks or storeys, they are
used mainly in large owns: Xe
buýt hai tầng
l double-declutch v. to change
gear using the following technique:
declutch, move the gear lever into
neutral, let in the clutch, press the
accelerator (when changing down)
to raise the engine and gearbox
RPM to the level needed in the
lower gear, let out the clutch again
quickly and move the gear lever
into the lower gear (before the
gearbox shaft rpm drop too far).
When changing up, there is no
need to depress the accelerator
when in neutral, but it is often
necessary to pause in order to let
the gearbox shaft speed drop to
the right level: Nhả số kép
l double-ended spanner n. open-
ended or ring spanner with jaws
or rings at both ends for two
different sizes of hexagon: Cờ lê
hai đầu
l double filament bulb n. light
bulb with two filaments, either a
headlamp bulb with one for the
main beam and another above
it for the dipped beam, or a stop
and tail light bulb with one for the
brake light and one for the rear
light: Bóng đèn hai tim
138
double reduction gearing
l double helical gear n. gear with
two rows of inclined teeth, each
forming an open V or chevron. It
is also called herringbone gear:
Bánh răng có răng hình chữ V
l double hexagon socket n. =
12-point socket: Đai ốc 12 cạnh
l double overhead camshafts
(DOC, DOHC) n. two camshafts
mounted on the cylinder head,
one operating the inlet valves
and one the exhaust valves. They
are also called twin overhead
camshafts. : Hai trục cam trên
nắp máy
l double overhead camshaft
engine = engine with two
overhead camshafts, a relatively
costly arrangement used on high
performance engines: Động cơ
hai trục cam trên nắp máy
l double-pivot steering n.
steering in which the steered
wheels are pivoted on kingpins,
which is the usual arrangement
on motor vehicles: Hệ thống lái
hai bánh
l double reduction gearing n.
gearing in which the ratio is reduced
in two stages, used especially in
heavy goods vehicles: Bộ bánh
răng giảm tốc kép
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
doughnut coupling
l double roller chain n. = duplex
chain: Xích con lăn kép
l double-tube shock absorber n.
older design of hydraulic shock
absorber using two concentric
tubes, one serving as the
working cylinder, the other as the
reservoir: Bộ giảm chấn kép
l double wishbone suspension n.
form of independent suspension
most frequently used at the front
of a vehicle, with upper and lower
wishbones of equal length: Hệ
thống treo cánh tay đòn kép
doughnut coupling or joint n. flexible
coupling made of rubber and
shaped like a ring doughnut,
used for instance between the
front of the propeller shaft and the
gearbox: Khớp nối mềm (có đệm
cao su)
dowel pin n. pin projecting from one
of two mating surfaces which fits
into a corresponding hole in the
other, to ensure correct location
during assembly: Chốt định vị,
then nhỏ để gài
down draught carburetor n.
carburetor with a vertical barrel,
at the top of which is the air
intake: Bộ chế hòa khí với họng
khuếch tán đứng
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
drag
downflow radiator n. traditional type
of vertical radiator, with header
tank and bottom tank and a
system of small tubes and cooling
fins in-between, the hot water
entering at the top and exiting at
the bottom: Bộ tản nhiệt với nước
làm mát từ trên xuống
downforce n. downward pressure
provided, for example, by a
spoiler: Lực hướng xuống
l down pipe n. front section of the
exhaust system connected to the
exhaust manifold: Cổ ống pô
l downshift n. US = downward
change: Sự xuống số
l down stroke n. downward
movement of the piston, either
the induction stroke or the power
stroke in the four-stroke cycle:
Hành trình pít-tông đi xuống
l downward change n. gear change
into a lower gear. In US English, it
is downshift: Sự xuống số
D-pillar = D-post n. rearmost vertical
pillar in the body of an estate car,
on either side of the tailgate: Trụ
đỡ khung cửa phía cửa hậu
drag 1 v. to fail to disengage
completely when clutch is
operating or to fail to come off
completely when the brake pedal
139
drag link
is released: Trượt (ly hợp), trôi
(phanh)
2 n. characteristic of a car body,
indicating the resistance which
the body offers to the air stream:
Sức cản gió
drag link n. A rod which connects the
drop arm or idler arm in a steering
system with the steering arm:
Đòn kéo dọc, thanh lái
drag racing n. form of acceleration
test in which two cars at a time
accelerate down a measured
quarter-mile strip: Cuộc kiểm tra
khả năng tăng tốc của xe
drain 1 v. to empty (the sump,
radiator, etc.) of a liquid: Xả, tháo
2 n. passage or piece of tube which
takes water away from places in
the bodywork where it
tends to accumulate, such as the
edge of the sunroof: Ống xả nước
l drain cock n. = DRAIN TAP: Vòi xả
bình chứa nhiên liệu, máng dầu,
bình hơi, dùng xả bớt chất bẩn
l drain hole n. a hole drilled in
the bottom of a box section or
a door, to allow water that has
accumulated to escape so as to
prevent or delay rusting: Lỗ
xả nước
140
drawbar
l draining tray n. A container,
which is used to catch oil when
draining the sump, gearbox,
etc.: Khay xả dầu
l drain plug n. (1) usually threaded
plug at the lowest point of the
sump, gearbox, cooling system,
etc., which is removed in order
to drain the oil or coolant, and
typically has a recessed hexagon
head: Nút xả
(2) drain plug key or spanner or
wrench = tool for removing and
tightening drain plugs, e.g. on
gearboxes and engine sumps,
either as a multi-purpose tool
with a number of different drives
in the form of hexagonal or
square projections at the either
end for different drain plugs, or
as a special tool for one specific
size of drain plug: Chìa khóa vặn
nút xả
l drain tap n. tap on the cylinder
block or, on older cars, at the
bottom of the radiator for draining
the cooling system: Vòi xả
draught n. unpleasant current of air
intruding into the interior of a car:
Sự thiếu gió gây ngột ngạt trong
xe
drawbar n. two converging bars
forming a V- or an A-frame at the
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dress
front of a trailer or caravan, which
carry the coupling for attachment
to the towing vehicle: Thanh kéo
dress v. to give (a rough surface,
flanges, etc.) the right shape by
grinding or a similar process: Mài
giũa, mài nhẵn
drier n. (a) = dehumidifier (b) =
drying oven: Máy sấy, máy làm
khô
drift n. (a) A piece of bar or a punch
is used with a hammer to drive
components in and out of place
for removal and installation: Cái
đục
l drift punch = tapered tool for use
with a hammer to remove and
install pins, shafts, rivets, etc.;
also used to align holes when
inserting screws and bolts: Cái
đục, cái đột
drill (1) n. (a) usually power-driven
tool for making holes in metal,
wood, plastic, etc., with a chuck
that will accept bits of different
sizes: Máy khoan
(b) drill bit: Mũi khoan
(2) v to make (a hole) with a drill:
Khoan lỗ
l drill bit n. piece of rod with spiral
recesses cut in it and a hardened
steel tip, made in different sizes
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
drivability
for drilling different-sized holes,
and inserted in the chuck of a
drill: Mũi khoan
drip moulding n. moulding running
along either side of the roof,
functioning as a gutter to take
water to the front or rear of the
car, and prevent it from dripping
into the car when the door is
opened. In US English, it is drip
rail: Rãnh thoát nước
drivability n. general operating
characteristics of a vehicle,
usually rated from good to poor,
and of concern to the average
driver, such as flexibility and
smoothness, acceleration, ease
of starting and quick warm-up,
as well as handling and comfort:
Tính năng vận hành của xe
l drivable a. (of a vehicle) in a
state in which it can be driven: Có
thể chạy
l drive v. (a) to travel in a car: Chạy
xe
(b) to control and guide (a vehicle):
Lái xe
(c) to make (a wheel, shaft, etc.) turn
or rotate; to propel (a vehicle):
Làm quay
l a petrol-driven generator = a
generator for which the motive
141
drive handle
force is a petrol engine: Máy phát
điện được dẫn động bằng động
cơ xăng
l drive belt n. belt passing round
two or more pulleys, transmitting
motion from one to the other(s):
Đai truyền động
l drive chain n. chain passing
round two or more sprockets,
transmitting motion from one to
the other(s): Xích truyền động
l drive end n. end of an alternator,
dynamo, etc., where the pulley
or gear accepting the drive is
situated: Đầu dẫn động.
l drive end bracket = cover housing
the bearing at the drive end of an
alternator, dynamo, etc.: Nắp che
phía dẫn động của máy phát
l drive gear n. gearwheel
transmitting the drive on a
component such as an oil pump:
Bánh răng dẫn động, bánh răng
chủ động
drive handle n. tool, typically in the
form of a bar, for turning sockets
to loosen and tighten nuts and
bolts, with a male square drive
to be inserted into the female
square drive of sockets for the
turning operation: Cần siết
drive layout n. configuration of
engine, gearbox and driven
142
driven plate
axle(s): Phần động lực của xe
bao gồm: động cơ, hộp số, láp
l driveline n. = drivetrain: Đường
truyền lực
l drive module n. interchangeable
unit providing motive power,
either in the form of an electric
motor and ancillaries, or an
internal combustion engine
with all necessary components,
for alternative use in the same
vehicle according to needs and
conditions: Mô-đun truyền động
l drive motor n. electric motor
providing motive power in an
electric vehicle: Động cơ điện
trong xe điện
l driven a. made to rotate by the
engine or some other source of
motive power: Bị dẫn, bị động
l driven axle or wheels = axle
or wheels to which power is
transmitted to drive the vehicle:
Cầu xe hay bánh xe bị động
l driven plate = central clutch plate
carrying clutch linings and held
under pressure between the
flywheel and the pressure plate
when the clutch pedal is released,
and transmitting power to the
gearbox input shaft via splines:
Đĩa bị động (ly hợp)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
driver
l drive pinion n. small bevel gear
on either side of the differential
in mesh with the two differential
pinions, and into the centre of
which one of the axle shafts fits:
Bánh răng nhỏ dẫn động (cầu)
l drive plate n. light plate bolted to
the crankshaft to which the torque
converter is attached in a vehicle
with automatic transmission: Đĩa
gắn biến mô
l drive pulley n. pulley round which
a belt passes for transmitting
power: Puli dẫn động
driver n. (a) person driving a vehicle:
Tài xế
(b) driver-type drive handle for use
with sockets: Cần siết
driver air bag n. original type of
air bag, designed to protect the
driver from being hurled into the
steering wheel and instrument
panel: Túi khí bảo vệ tài xế
Driver and Vehicle Licensing
Agency (DVLA) n. section of
the Department of Transport
responsible for keeping records
of all registered vehicles, and
issuing registrations and licenses
for vehicles as well as driving
licenses for drivers: Phòng cấp
bằng lái
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
driving
driver error n. mistake or mistakes
made by the driver, especially as
the cause of an accident: Lỗi do
tài xế
drive shaft n. (a) any shaft
transmitting power, especially
the jointed shaft between the
differential and the road wheel
in a de dion or fully independent
rear suspension layout (b) US =
propeller shaft: Trục chính, trục
chủ động
l drive sprocket n. sprocket
round which a chain passes for
transmitting power: Bánh xích
chủ động
l drive tool n. any accessory for use
with a socket spanner, including
the drive handle: Cần siết
l drive train n. combination of all
power-transmitting components
from the clutch via the gearbox
and propeller shaft, if any, to the
final drive and axle shafts. It is
also called power train: Tổ hợp
từ hộp số đến láp
l driveway n. short drive, often
leading to a garage: Chạy vào
nhà để xe
driving 1 a. providing motive power,
making a gear, shaft, etc. rotate:
Dẫn động, truyền động
143
driving axle
2 n. control of a moving vehicle: Sự
lái xe
l driving axle or wheels = axle or
wheels responsible for propelling
the vehicle (which are in fact the
same as the driven axle or wheels):
Trục hay bánh xe chủ động
l driving gear = drive gear: Bánh
răng dẫn động
l driving conditions n. situation
created by the amount of traffic,
the weather and state of the
roads: Điều kiện lái xe
l driving habits n. personal
behaviour at the wheel, including
typical speeds under certain
circumstances, frequency, timing
and smoothness of gear charges,
use of the brakes and so on: Thói
quen lái xe
l driving license n. document
which allows the holder to drive
a certain type or types of vehicle,
and is the only document required
to be carried by the driver in
Britain: Bằng lái xe
l driving lamp = spot lamp: Đèn lái
l driving mirror n. rear-view mirror
either in the interior of the car or
mounted on the outside of the
front doors: Kính chiếu hậu
144
drop-centre axle
l driving position n. position
in which the driver sits at the
steering wheel, influenced by
distance from the controls, angle
of the seat back, etc.: Vị trí ngồi
của tài xế
l driving style n. manner in which
one handles a car: Cách lái xe,
kiểu lái xe
l a sporty driving style = includes
taking corners fast, braking and
accelerating hard, using high
revs in every gear and changing
down before corners: Cách lái
kiểu thể thao
drop n. sudden reduction (of
pressure, voltage, etc.): Sự hạ,
tụt, giảm xuống đột ngột
l drop arm n. usually vertical
arm fitted to the outer end of the
rocker shaft of a steering box,
whose bottom end is connected
to the drag link which it pulls
back or pushes forward when
the steering wheel is turned. In
US English, it is pitman arm: Đòn
quay (lái)
l drop-centre axle n. beam axle in
which the main central portion
of the beam is lower than the
wheel centres, which was the
usual layout for front axles until
independent front suspension
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
drophead coupé
became almost universal: Trục
(cần) lõm
l drop-centre rim = well-base rim:
Rãnh lõm niềng xe
l drophead 1 n. = convertible: Xe
mui xếp
2 a. having a folding hood which can
be raised or lowered over the
passenger compartment: Mui xếp
drophead coupé (DHC) = elegant
style of body mainly seen on
classic cars, with two wide doors
and a large hood with no windows
in the side and only a small window
at the rear: Xe hơi hai cửa mui xếp
l droptop n. (informal) = convertible:
Mui xếp
drum n. circular container, especially
a brake drum: Cái trống (phanh)
l drum brake = brake in which
curved brake shoes press
against the inner circumference
of a metal drum to produce the
braking action: Phanh trống
dry 1 v. to lose or make lose its
wetness: Sấy, làm khô
2 a. not wet (of bearing, etc.) lacking
lubricant: Khô, thiếu dầu bôi trơn
l dry liner or sleeve = cylinder liner
or sleeve which is not contact with
the coolant: Ống lót khô (xi-lanh)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dry weight
l dry clutch n. = single-plate
clutch: Ly hợp khô, ly hợp
một đĩa
l dry galvanizing n. hot-dip
galvanizing method in which
the metal components are first
immersed in a solution of flux and
then dried, so that they become
precoated with a thin film of flux,
which melts in the zinc bath, to
which certain metals, such as tin
and aluminium, may be added
to give fluidity, and in the case of
tin, brightness. Opposite is wet
galvanizing: Phương pháp mạ khô
l drying oven n. enclosure where
car bodies are subjected to heat
in order to dry and/ or bake on the
paintwork: Lò sấy thân xe
l dry joint n. faulty electrical joint
which does not in contact with the
coolant. Opposite is wet liner: Mối
nối khô
dry sump lubrication n. main
lubrication of an engine supplied
from a separate oil tank, the
sump containing no oil while the
engine is operating; a common
feature of motorcycle and racing
car engines: Sự bôi trơn động cơ
bằng bình nhớt riêng
dry weight n. weight of a vehicle
without any fuel, oil, or coolant:
Trọng lượng khô (không có xăng
145
dual
dầu và nước làm mát)
dual 1 a. comprising two parts,
which are often identical: Kép, đôi
2 v. to convert (a single carriageway
road) into dual carriageway:
Chuyển đường một làn xe thành
hai làn xe
l dual-acting n. = double-acting:
Tác động kép
l dual-bed catalytic converter
n. catalytic converter which
combines two converters (with
different catalysts) in a single
housing: Bộ xúc tác hai ngăn.
l dual carriageway n. road with two
separate lanes for traffic traveling
in different directions, separated
by a central reserve: Hai làn xe
l dual-circuit braking system
n. hydraulic braking system
that provides two separate,
independent hydraulic circuits,
each of which acts on two wheels:
Hệ thống phanh hai mạch riêng
biệt
l dual controls n. second set of
controls for use by a driving
instructor when teaching
someone to drive: Hai người
cùng điều khiển xe khi dạy lái
l dual exhaust system n. = twin
146
dubonnet suspension
exhaust system: Hệ thống khí
thải kép
l dual ignition system n. = twin
ignition: Hệ thống đánh lửa kép
(bô-bin đôi)
l dual-line braking system n.
braking system in which towing
vehicle and trailer are connected
by two or more brake lines: Hệ
thống phanh với đường ống kép
(xe đầu kéo)
l dual-piston engine n. = twin-piston
engine: Động cơ pít-tông đôi
l dual-piston master cylinder =
tandem master cylinder: Xi-lanh
cái với pít-tông kép (phanh)
l dual-range gearbox n. gearbox
in a four-wheel drive vehicle with
two sets of ratios, usually a higher
set for road use and a lower set
for off-road use: Hộp số hai tốc độ
l dual-tone horn n. = two-tone
horn: Còi hai giọng
dubonnet suspension n. independent
front suspension and steering
arrangement used in the 1930s
and ’40s, in which the axle beam
is rigidly attached to the vehicle
frame, and suspension arms, from
which the wheels are mounted on
stub axles Dubonnet: Hệ thống
treo Dubonnet
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
duct
duct n. passage in square-section or
tubular form for ventilation, heating
or cables: Ống dẫn (khí, dây)
ductile a. (of a metal) which can
be bent, hammered, or drawn
out into wire or sheet without
fracturing: Mềm dễ uốn, dễ kéo
l ductility n. ability of a material to
undergo stretching or bending
without fracturing: Tính mềm, tính
dễ kéo, tính dễ uốn
dull a. (of a finish) not shiny: Đục,
mờ
dummy n. stuffed figure made to
look like a human being, used,
for instance, when testing cars
to destruction: Người nộm, hình
nhân (dùng khi thử nghiệm xe)
l dump valve n. valve for relieving
pressure, such as that between
the turbocharger and the
carburetor in some systems: Van
xả, van tháo
duo-servo brake n. servo brake with
one double-end wheel cylinder
and two linked self-energizing
brake shoes: Bộ trợ lực phanh
kép
duplex chain n. chain with two rows
of rollers, used especially for
timing chains: Xích đôi
durability n. ability to last a long time:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dwell
Sự bền, tính bền, độ bền
dust boot n. concertina-like rubber
cover for pushrods, e.g. on brake
master cylinders and shock
absorbers, also for constants
velocity joints: Chụp bụi (phanh,
giảm xóc,…)
l dust cap n. = VALVE CAP: Nắp,
nón chụp che bụi, ngăn bụi bám
vào bộ phận được che
l dust cover n. any cover for
excluding dust and dirt: Vỏ chắn
bụi
l dust sheet n. sheet for covering a
car when in a garage and not in
use: Tấm bọc xe
l dust shield n. = SPLASH SHIELD:
Chắn bụi
l DVLC = DRIVER AND
VEHICLE LICENSING CENTRE
dwell n. (a) in a contact breaker
ignition system, the angle in
degrees of distributor shaft
rotation during which the contact
breaker points remain closed;
the smaller the contact gap, the
larger the dwell (angle), which
determines the charging time of
the ignition coil. It is also called
dwell angle: Góc ngậm
(b) in a breakerless ignition
147
DWS
system, the time during which
the electronic control unit
allows current to flow through
the primary winding of the coil,
which in ignition systems with
a Hall generator is determined
by the width of the vanes: Thời
gian ngậm
l dwell-angle control n. system
ensuring that dwell is sufficient
for all engine conditions: Sự điều
khiển góc ngậm
l dwell-angle map = characteristic
map for electronic dwell-angle
control, ependent on engine
speed and battery voltage: Bản
đồ góc ngậm
l dwell meter n. instrument for
measuring the dwell angle: Thiết
bị đo góc ngậm
l dwell period n. period during which
the primary circuit is closed and
primary current flows through the
ignition coil, given in crankshaft
or distributor shaft degrees and
therefore also called dwell angle:
Thời gian ngậm
DWS (system) n. deflation warning
system developed by Dunlop for
on-line detection of tyre pressure
loss, which since tyre pressure
loss reduces tyre circumference
and increase wheel rpm, uses
148
dynamic imbalance
the wheel speed sensors of
an existing ABS system to
continuously monitor wheel
speed and tyre condition, any
defects triggering a warning
signal DWS: Hệ thống cảnh báo
xì vỏ của Dunlop
dynamic balancing n. method of
balancing wheels and other
rotating components such as
crankshafts, using a machine
which spins the component
and detects any running out of
true which indicates imbalance.
Opposite is static balancing: Sự
cân bằng động
l dynamic ignition timing n. modern
timing procedure using a timing
light which is controlled by the
ignition pulse for the first cylinder
and whose flashing beam is
directed onto the timing marks,
the rotating mark appearing fixed
due to the stroboscopic effect,
and indicating ignition advance or
retard by its position in front of or
behind the fixed timing mark. It is
also called stroboscopic ignition
timing; opposite is static ignition
timing: Phương pháp cân lửa động
l dynamic imbalance n. lack of
balance in a rotating part such
as a wheel, which can cause
vibration and judder: Sự mất cân
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dynamo
bằng động
l dynamic seal n. oil seal between
a moving and a stationary part.
Opposite is static seal: Đệm di
động
dynamo n. electrical generator driven
by the engine and producing direct
current, to charge the battery and
thus feed the electrical circuits. In
US English, it is DC generator:
Máy phát điện một chiều
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
dynastart
dynamometer n. machine for
measuring the power output of
an engine, either directly or at
the driven wheels: Băng thử công
suất động cơ thông qua bánh xe
dynastart (er) n. combined dynamo
and starter used on some cars
in the 1920s and ’30s, and
more recently on two-stroke
motorcycles: Máy phát kết hợp
máy khởi động
149
E earth strap
Ee
E = economy (gear): Tiết kiệm (số)
EAC valve n. electronic air control
valve: Van điều khiển tốc độ cầm
chừng bằng điện tử
ear n. projection in the shape an
ear, usually as a lug, but also as a
spoiler behind the rear windows
to improve stability in side winds:
Tấm chắn gió (kính sau)
early fuel evaporation (EEF)
system n. system that heats
the inlet manifold to provide a
warm air/fuel mixture, reducing
condensation and improving fuel
evaporation, thus improving cold
engine operation and reducing
exhaust emissions: Hệ thống làm
bốc hơi nhiên liệu
earth 1 n. return part of an electrical
system, which in a motor vehicle
is provided by the metal body and
chassis: Âm, mass
2 v. to connect a circuit or a
150
component to a chassis or body
part, either directly or by means
of a wire. In US English, it is
ground: Nối mass
l earth connection = wire or other
metal strip for connecting a
component to the vehicle chassis
or body: Vật (dây) nối mass
l earth electrode = side electrode of
a sparking plug, which is opposite
to centre electrode: Điện cực bìa
(bu-gi)
l earth return = return part of an
electrical circuit, provided by an
earth connection: Phần dây nối
mass của mạch điện
l earth strap = piece of braided wire
for earthing the battery, with a clip
for attachment to the appropriate
battery terminal at one and a
terminal for connecting to the
chassis or body at the other: Dây
nối mass cho ắc quy
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
easing fluid
easing fluid n. = penetrating oil: Dầu
thấm (tan gỉ)
east–west layout n. transverse
positioning of the engine across
the car, found in many front-
wheel drive designs, which is
also called transverse engine. It
is opposite to north-south layout:
Sự bố trí (động cơ) nằm ngang
ESA valve n. valve in an emission
control system governing the
air flow from the air pump in
connection with the eac valve:
Van dẫn khí đến van eac
eat (away) v. to corrode and remove
the metal from: Ăn mòn
ebonite n. hard black rubber
compound especially one
containing no filler: Nhựa ebonit
eccentric 1 a. amounted off-centre:
Lệch tâm, sai tâm
2 n. part transmitting an eccentric
drive, such as a disc with a
provision for a drive from its outer
part, or an eccentric shaft: Sự
lệch tâm
l eccentric drive = drive from a
point not on the axis of the driving
shaft, e.g. from the outer part of a
disc, so that a reciprocating or up
and down motion is transmitted;
used in pumps or for a camshaft
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ecological damage
drive: Sự truyền động lệch tâm
l eccentric rotor pump = rotor -type
pump: Bơm quay lệch tâm
l eccentric shaft = shaft transmitting
an eccentric motion: Trục truyền
lệch tâm
ECE test cycle n. 13-minute, three-
part test of automotive emission
for compliance with emission
standards, adopted by most
european countries, simulating
urban driving conditions, i.e.
involving relatively long idling
periods and speed below 35
mph, emission characteristics
at cruising speed not being
considered: Chu trình kiểm tra
khí thải châu Âu
echelon parking n. parking with the
nose of the car lose to the kern
and at an angle to it: Sự đậu xe
theo hình bậc thang
ECI = Electrically controlled
injection: Hệ thống phun nhiên
liệu điều khiển bằng điện
l ecm = electronic control module:
Bộ điều khiển điện tử
ecological damage n. damage to the
environment, usually in the form
of pollution, especially caused by
vehicle emissions: Sự phá hủy
môi trường sinh thái (khí thải)
151
economical
l ecological harmful a. damage to
the environment: Có hại đến môi
trường sinh thái
economical n. using only a small
amount of fuel: Tiết kiệm
nhiên liệu (most cars are more
economical on long runs = most
cars give better mileage per gallon
when driven long distances: Đa
số xe hơi ít hao xăng khi chạy
đường trường)
l economizer n. device for making
a vehicle use less fuel, either by
regulating the flow of fuel, or
by admitting extra air to the air/
fuel mixture (especially when
cruising): Bộ phận tiết kiệm xăng
l economy n. especially low
consumption of fuel, usually
measured in miles per gallon:
Tính kinh tế nhiên liệu (tính bằng
miles/gallon)
l tuned for economy = tuned to
use less fuel: Chỉnh để bớt hao
xăng
l good/ bad fuel economy = low/
high fuel consumption: Tính kinh
tế nhiên liệu cao (hay thấp)
l economy device = economizer
l economy jet = addition jet in a
carburetor admitting extra air to
152
effective deflection
the air/fuel mixture (especially
when cruising): Gíc-lơ phụ
ECS = electrically controlled
suspension: Hệ thống treo điều
khiển bằng điện
ECT = 1. engine coolant temperature:
Nhiệt độ nước làm mát động cơ
2. = electronic controlled
transmission: Hộp số tự động
điều khiển bằng điện tử
ECU = electronic control unit: Bộ
điều khiển điện tử
edge binding n. tape for binding the
edges of carpets: Ràng buộc viền
(thảm)
l edge protection n. protection of
edges against corrosion, e.g. by
weather strips: Chống ăn mòn
cho các gờ, mối nối
edwardian car n. (gb) car built
between 1905 and 1918: Loại xe
từ 1905 – 1918
EEC = electronic engine control: Điều
khiển động cơ bằng điện tử
EFE system n. = early fuel
evaporation system: Hệ thống
bốc hơi nhiên liệu sớm
effective a. (a) actual rather than
theoretical or potential: Có hiệu
quả, hiệu dụng
effective deflection = deflection of
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
effective stroke
a suspension system under a
particular load: Độ võng của hệ
thống treo khi có tải
effective stroke = working or power
stroke in a two- stroke engine:
Thì sinh công
efficiency n. performance of a
mechanical device or system,
especially with regard to the
amount of energy used: Hiệu suất
braking efficiency = braking effort as
a percentage of the weight of the
vehicle: Hiệu suất phanh
EFI = electronic fuel injection: Hệ
thống phun xăng điện tử
EGR = exhaust gas recirculation: Sự
luân hồi khí thải
EGR valve = part of an egr system
mounted on or near the inlet
manifold and controlled by inlet
manifold vacuum, which is usually
closed at idle and low speeds,
but opens during acceleration,
admitting exhaust gas to the inlet
manifold: Van hồi lưu khí thải
eight n. eighth-cylinder engine, or
a car fitted with one, the cylinder
may be in-line (a straight eight )
or in a v-layout (a v-8): Động cơ
8 xi-lanh
EIN = engine identification number:
Số sê-ri động cơ (số máy)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
electrical
eject v. to put or throw out: Ném ra,
đẩy ra, đưa ra
eject button = button on a cassette
player for taking out the cassette:
nút lấy băng cassette ra
elasticity n. ability to recover original
size and shape when deforming,
especially stretching, forces are
released: Tính đàn hồi, tính co giãn
elastomer n. elastic macromolecular
material that at room temperature
returns rapidly approximately its
initial dimensions and shape after
substantial deformation by awake
stress and release of the stress:
Chất đàn hồi
elbow n. bend in a pipe: Khuỷu, chỗ
gấp khúc trên ống
electric a. operated by or derived
from electricity: Bằng điện, có
điện
electric air control valve = EAC valve
electric air switching valve = EAS
valve
electrical a. relating to electricity:
Thuộc về điện
electrical conductivity = ability of a
material to conduct electricity,
which is opposite to resistivity:
Tính dẫn điện
electrical screwdriver = usually
153
electrical system
small screwdriver for use when
working on the electrical system,
with a thin blade and an insulated
handle, also sometimes an
insulated shank: Vít thử điện
electrical system = combination of
all wiring circuits and electrical
units and equipment on a vehicle,
with the exception of those in the
ignition system: Hệ thống điện
electric car n. car whose motive
power is provided by an electric
motor, with the advantages of
silence and lack of pollution, and
the disadvantages of the weight
of the batteries and the need for
recharging after a relatively short
distance: Xe điện
electric charge n. defined quantity of
electricity, which may be positive,
as with protons, or negative, as
with electrons: Điện tích
electric current n. flow of electricity
passing through a conductor:
Dòng điện
electric fuel pump n. electrically
power petrol or diesel pump,
drawing fuel from the bank and
delivering it to the carburetor or
fuel injection system: Bơm nhiên
liệu bằng điện
electric grid n. = electrical system:
Hệ thống điện
154
electrode adjusting tool
electric mirror = external, usually
door mirror which can be adjusted
from inside the car: Gương chiếu
hậu chỉnh điện
electric motor n. machine which
changes electrical energy into
usually rotational motion: mô tơ
điện
electric top n. US = power hood:
Mui (nắp ca-pô) điều khiển bằng
điện
electric windows n. windows which
are raised and lowered by
electric motors, and operated by
switches on the centre console
or on the door. In US English, it
is power windows: Hệ thống kính
cửa điều khiển bằng điện
electromechanical corrosion n.
corrosion involving at least one
electrode reaction: Sự ăn mòn
cơ điện
electro coating n. = electrophoretic
painting: Sơn điện
electrode n. conductor which
leads current into a gas, liquid
or vacuum, such as those in a
sparking plug between which
the spark passes to ignite the
mixture: Điện cực
electrode adjusting tool = tool used to
bend side electrodes on sparking
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
electrode gap
plugs for gap adjustment, usually
combined with gauges for checking
the gap: Dụng cụ điều chỉnh khe
hở bu-gi
electrode gap = sparking plug gap:
Khe hở bu-gi
electrode position n. generic term
for electrolytic processes which a
metal is deposited at the cathode
from a solution of its ions, such
as electroplating, or in which paint
is deposited in an immersion
process by mean of electric
current: Sự phủ lớp bằng điện
(sơn)
electrogalvanizing n. coating of
metal, especially iron or steel,
with zinc by electroplating: Mạ
điện
electrolysis n. method by which
chemical reactions are carried
out by passage of electric current
through a solution of an electrolyte
or through a molten salt, e.g. in
a starter battery: Phương pháp
điện phân
electrolyte n. substance which
can be dissolved to yield a
solution, or a solution itself
able to conduct electric current,
especially in an electric cell or
battery: Chất điện phân
electrolyte level = amount of
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
electromotive force
electrolyte in a car battery, which
must cover the top of the plates:
Mức chất điện phân (ắc quy)
electrolyte tester = device for
checking electrolyte density in
a battery, and hence its state of
charge: Phù kế
electrolytic a. relating to electrolysis
or an electrolyte: Điện phân
electrolytic cell = cell consisting
of electrodes immersed in an
electrolyte solution for carrying
out electrolysis: Hộc, ngăn bình
(điện phân)
electrolytic-corrosion = electro-
chemical corrosion causing the
electrolytic removal of metal: Sự
ăn mòn điện hóa
electrolytic deposition = electroplating:
Kỹ thuật mạ điện
electrolytic galvanizing = electrogal-
vanizing: Mạ điện
electrolytic protection = cathodic
protection: Sự bảo vệ ca-tốt
electromagnetic clutch n. any clutch
in with magnetic force is used to
hold the drive in engagement,
such as that in the compressor
drive of an air-conditioning
system: Ly hợp điện từ (điều hòa)
electromotive force (emf) n. source
155
electron
of electrical energy required
to produce an electric current,
produced by devices such as
batteries or generators and
measured in volts: Sức điện động
electron n. negatively charged
constituent of an atom: Điện tử
electron flow = current produced
by the motion of free electrons
towards a positive terminal,
whose direction is the opposite to
that of the current: Dòng hạt điện
tử
electronic a. featuring semiconduc-
tors (usually transistors) as an
operating medium: Điện tử
electronically controlled a. controlled
by electronic means: Được điều
khiển bằng điện tử
electronic cluster n. display showing
various functions, including
speedometer, tachometer,
gauges, etc. using leds or lcd
technology displaying symbols
and bar instead of numbers,
opposite is analogue cluster:
Tableau điện tử (hiện số)
electronic control unit (ecu) n.
microprocessor and memory
with electronic maps, forming
the central part of an engine
management system or of
156
electronic ride control
subsystems such as a fuel
injection or ignition system,
which is also called electronic
control module (ECM): Cụm điều
khiển điện tử, hộp ECU
electronic engine control (EEC) n.
engine management system
which control the ignition system
and various other systems,
including the exhaust gas
recirculation and air –injection
systems: Điều khiển động cơ
bằng điện tử
electronic fuel injection (EFI or EFI)
n. system that injects fuel into the
engine and includes an electronic
control unit to time and meter
the flow: Hệ thống phun nhiên
liệu bằng điện tử
electronic ignition system n. term
used to designate breakerless
transistorized ignitions,
transistorized ignitions with
electronic spark timing, and
sometimes mapped ignition
systems: Hệ thống đánh lửa điện
tử
electronic navigator n.= trip
computer: Máy tính hành trình
(báo tiêu hao nhiên liệu, lượng
xăng còn, số km đã đi…)
electronic ride control n. suspension
control system comprising
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
electronic spark advance
microprocessor controlled,
electronically adjustable air
shock absorbers for automatic
selection of the optimum damping
characteristics depending on and
road surface and load conditions:
Hệ thống giảm chấn tự động
electronic spark advance (ESA) n.
the part of an ecu that controls
ignition timing and dwell angle:
Điều khiển góc đánh lửa và góc
ngậm bằng điện tử
electronic spark control (ESC) or
electronic spark timing (EST) n.
ignition timing by means of an
ignition map, either integrated
into mapped ignition systems or
available as a separate module
to enhance transistorized ignition
systems: Điều khiển đánh lửa
sớm bằng điện tử
electronic traction control (ETC) n.
system for reducing wheel spin,
incorporating wheel sensors:
Điều khiển lực kéo (chống trượt)
bằng điện tử
electronic transmission control n.
system or module for controlling
automatic transmission: Hộp số
tự động điều khiển bằng điện tử
electropainting n. = electrophoretic
painting: Sơn điện
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
electrostatic painting
electrophoretic painting n. process
used to apply the first coat of
paint (primer) to car body: Sơn
điện (cho lớp sơn đầu tiên)
electrophoretic primer = paint
used to prime car body by the
electrophoretic process: Lớp sơn
đầu tiên trên thân xe
electro picker n. electrical door lock
picker (available to key services
and the police only): Đồ nạy khóa
cửa điện (khi mất khóa)
electroplate v. to plate (metal) by
electrodeposition: Mạ điện
electroplating n. electrodeposition
of metals or alloys from suitable
electrolyte solutions, the articles
to be plated being connected
to the cathode in an electrolyte
solution, and direct current
introduced through the anode
of the metal to be deposited: Kỹ
thuật mạ điện
electrostatic painting or spraying
n. painting method using the
particle attracting properly of
electrostatic charges, in which
a direct current of approx.
100,000 volts is applies to a grid
of wires through which the paint
is sprayed to charge each
particle, and the metals objects
157
electrostatic powder coating
to be sprayed are connected
to the opposite terminal of the
high-voltage circuit, so as to
attract the paint particles: Sơn
tĩnh điện
electrostatic powder coating (EPC)
= painting process in which the
outer parts of the body shell are
coated with a powder dispersion
by means of cathodic immersion,
and in which the cavities are
coated with cathodic electropaint:
Lớp sơn tĩnh điện
electrovalve n. = solenoid valve:
Van điện
element n. assembly of all positive
and negative plates of a
single battery cell including its
separators, arranged so as to
start and finish with a negative
plate (so that there are always
negative then positive plates ),
because the positive plates tend
to distort under discharge: Ắc quy
đơn
ellipsoidal headlight n. headlight
with a reflector which is wider than
it is high, and not circular, has
replaced the parabolic reflector:
Đèn đầu dạng ellipsoid
embrittlement n. reduced toughness
in plastic or metal caused by age,
158
emission
heat or rough use: Sự giòn của
nhựa hoặc kim loại trong vận hành
emergency n. sudden, unexpected
occurrence, such as a breakdown
or the failure of some part, which
may be dangerous and demands
immediate action: Tình trạng khẩn
cấp (do hư hỏng)
emergency brake = secondary
braking system which comes to
operation when the main braking
system fails: Phanh phụ
emergency inflator = aerosol can
which inflates a punctured tyre
and injects sealing compound to
provide a temporary repair: Bình
xịt vá vỏ tạm thời
emergency transmitter = transmitter
no larger than a car radio, fitted
inside the vehicle which enables
drivers to radio for help from the
security of their own cars: Máy
phát tín hiệu báo trộm
emergency windscreen = sheet of
clear plastic fitted in place of
broken windscreen: Tấm dán
kính vỡ
emery cloth n. cloth coated in emery
crystals for use as an abrasive on
metals: Vải nhám
EMF = electromotive force
emission n. passing toxic substances
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
emissions
into the atmosphere: Phát xạ ô
nhiễm từ khí xả
emissions = gases and other
pollutants coming from the vehicle
with an internal combustion
engine: Sự thải ra chất ô nhiễm
từ xe
emission control n. (a) reduction of
all types of emission from motor
vehicles: Kiểm soát khí thải
(b) emission control (system ) = any
system, device or modification
added onto or designed into a
motor vehicle for the purpose of
reducing air-polluting emissions,
such as catalytic converter: Hệ
thống kiểm soat khí xả
emission levels n. amount of toxic
substances passed into the
atmosphere by motor vehicles:
Lượng khí độc vào không khí
emission standards n. specified
maximum emission levels
permitted from different classes
of motor vehicle in different
countries: Tiêu chuẩn khí thải
the stringent US emission
standards = the low emission
levels permitted in the United
States, especially in California:
Tiêu chuẩn khí thải nghiêm
khắc của Mỹ
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
end cutters
EMS = emission management system:
Hệ thống kiểm soát khí thải
emulsion n. mixture of two liquids
which do not fully mix, such as oil
and water, or specifically petrol
and air in a carburetor: Nhũ
tương (nước vào nhớt, không khí
và xăng)
emulsion tube = part of a fixed
jet carburetor, in which air is
introduced into the mixture
through holes to help atomize it
and correct excessive richness at
higher engine speeds: Ống nhũ
hóa (chế hoà khí) (nơi không khí
đi qua lỗ trộn)
enamel n. high-gloss paint that
is slower drying and therefore
easier to apply than cellulose,
and will cause cellulose applied
over it to lift: Sơn bóng trên gỗ
end cap n. cap covering the end of
a piece of trim or of a fuse: Đầu
chụp (cầu chì loại cũ)
end cover (plate ) n. cover containing
a bearing at either end of a
dynamo or alternator: Tấm chắn
ổ bi trong máy phát
end cutters or end cutting pliers n.
small pincers with sharp jaws for
cutting and stripping wires, etc.:
Kìm cắt và tuốt dây
159
end float
end float n. = end play
endoscope n. instrument used to
see into the interior of hollow
cavities such as box sections:
Đèn nội soi
end play n. bearing clearance in an
axial direction: Khe hở dọc bạc lót
check the big end bearing for end
play = check if there is any
sideways movement in the big
end: Kiểm tra khe hở dọc bạc lót
đầu to thanh truyền
endurance test n. test of a material
or system over a long period: Thử
độ bền
energize v. to activate (a solenoid,
relay, etc.) by providing sufficient
energy: Bắt đầu làm việc nhờ cấp
năng lượng
energy n. capacity for doing work,
measured in joules or in the case
of electrical energy, in kilo-watt
hours: Năng lượng
energy absorbing a. able to absorb
force of impact: hấp thu năng
lượng
energy absorbing steering column =
safety design of steering column
which telescopes on impact: Trụ
tay lái hấp thu năng lượng khi
đụng xe (xếp lại)
160
engine
energy conversion n. changing of
one form of energy into another
or into work, such as that in the
combustion process, the heat of
which is used toturn the engine
and thus create motion: Sự
chuyển hóa năng lượng
engage v. (a) to come into contact
and be locked together (with
another part): Làm ăn khớp
the clutch engages smoothly =
the driving and driven plates of
the clutch come together and
take up the drive without judder:
Ly hợp ăn khớp một cách êm ái
(b) to bring (a part) into contact
with another so that it is locked to
it: Gài khớp
to engage a lower gear = to select
a lower ratio by moving the gear
lever: Gài số thấp hơn
engagement n. bringing into locking
contact (e.g. of the clutch ), or
selection of a gear: Sự ăn khớp
engine n. energy-converting
propelling unit of a motor vehicle,
usually internal combustion
engine of the reciprocating-piston
type, either with spark ignition
(petrol engines) or compression
ignition (diesel engines): Động cơ
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
engine analyzer
engine analyzer n. electronic
engine-test-device, formerly free-
standing in a cabinet, and now
often hand-held and connected to
the diagnostic socket of a vehicle
(as in the case of the diagnostic
read-out box ), which provides
data on all aspect of the engine’s
state of tune: Máy phân tích (chẩn
đoán) động cơ
engine bay n. = engine compartment:
Ngăn, khoang động cơ
engine block n. cylinder block with
integral crankcase: Khối động cơ,
khối xi-lanh
engine block heater = cylinder block
heater: Bộ phận nung khối xi-lanh
(khởi động lạnh)
engine brake or braking effect n.
retarding effect of an engine
when the vehicle is in gear with
the throttle closed, i.e. on the
overrun, which is increased by
changing to a lower gear: Hiện
tượng động cơ chạy chậm lại khi
còn số mà bướm ga đóng (phanh
động cơ)
engine capacity n. swept volume of
an engine: Dung tích động cơ
engine compartment n. area into
which the engine is fitted: Khoang
động cơ
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
engine diagnostic connected
engine coolant n. liquid used in the
engine’s cooling system: nước
làm mát động cơ
engine cover n. panel of metal or
plastic covering the engine of
a rear-engine car. The terms
bonnet in british usage and
hood in american usage are
only used for the cover a front-
mounted engine: Nắp chụp động
cơ (đặt sau)
engine damage n. breakage,
deformation or scoring of the
internal parts of an engine: Sự
hư hỏng các chi tiết bên trong
động cơ
overrevving may cause engine
damage = running the engine too
fast may result in, for example,
seizure, a burnt piston or a
dropped valve: Chạy vượt tốc có
thể gây hư động cơ
engine depression n. low pressure
on the engine side of the throttle
cause by piston suction in the
inlet manifold: Sức hút động cơ
(áp thấp)
engine diagnostic connected n.
electrical connecter for plugging
in the engine analyzer, forming
an interface between the engine
electronic controls and diagnostic
unit, and used to read the engine
161
engine hoist
data as well as any fault codes
store in the memory of the engine
controller: Giắc nối chẩn đoán
động cơ
engine hoist n. small crane for
lifting an engine out of a motor
vehicle, formerly incorporating a
block and tackle, but now usually
hydraulically operated: Cần trục
nhỏ nâng động cơ
engine (identification) number (ein)
n. number stamped on the engine
and usually also on the vehicle
identification plate, which should
be quoted when ordering parts:
Số máy
engine knock n. engine operating
condition, accompanied by
audible noise, that occurs when
fuel in the cylinders is ignition
too early and/or spontaneously,
resulting in colliding flame fronts
and shock waves which cause
high thermal and mechanical
stress, and can severely damage
the engine: Sự rốc máy (kích nổ)
engine layout n. (a) type of engine,
with reference to the arrangement
of its cylinders and their number
(as in a flat four, V-twin or straight
eight): Cách phân loại động cơ
(b) positioning of the engine in the
vehicle (as in front, mid-or rear
162
engine overhaul
engine, a transverse or in-line
engine): Vị trí đặt động cơ
engine management system (EMS)
n. electronic engine control
system which covers at least the
functioning of the fuel injection
and ignition, but may also include
emission controls and self-
diagnostics: Hệ thống điều khiển
động cơ
engine map n. = characteristic map:
Bản đồ đặc tuyến động cơ (lửa
và xăng) nạp trong EPROM
engine misfire n. misfire: Sự mất lửa
engine modifications n. alterations to
the specification of the engine to
increase power output, improve
economy, reduce emissions, etc.:
Sự cải tiến động cơ
engine mounting n. flexible support
for the engine in which an
elastic medium, usually rubber,
is interposed between lugs on
the engine and the frame of the
vehicle: Chân gá động cơ (cao su
chân máy)
engine oil level warning light = light
on the instrument panel which
comes on when the oil in the
sump falls below a certain level:
Đèn báo mực dầu (nhớt) động cơ
engine overhaul n. dismantling of
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
engine parameters
the engine and restoration of the
manufacturer’s original tolerance
by replacement of worn parts,
reboring the cylinders, regrinding
the crankshaft, etc.: Sự đại tu
động cơ (máy)
engine parameters n. used in the
context of emission controls for
those engine characteristics
sensitive to engine performance,
such as power/ bhp, general
engine performance and fuel
economy: Các thông số động cơ
engine performance tester n. =
engine analyzer
engine size n. = engine capacity:
Dung tích động cơ
engine speed n. number of
revolutions per minute (RPM) at
which the engine is turning: Tốc
độ động cơ
engine speed limiter = device acting
as a governor which cuts the
power when a certain number of
RPM is reached: Bộ giới hạn tốc
độ động cơ
engine speed sensor = in most cases,
a magnetic pick-up that scans
the flywheel teeth and produces
one output signal per scanned
tooth, or a hall generator in the
distributor, whose signals are
passed to the electronic control
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
environmentally friendly
unit: Cảm biến tốc độ động cơ
engine subframe n. separate frame
in which the engine is mounted:
Khung gá động cơ
engine temperature sensor n. sensor
used to a monitor the temperature
of the engine, not identical with
the coolant temperature sensor:
Cảm biến nhiệt độ động cơ
engine timing n. ignition and valve
timing: Sự điều chỉnh động cơ
(cân lửa và cam)
enrichment n. making the air/fuel
mixture richer, i.e. increase the
fuel content: Sự làm giàu hoà khí
enrichment device or unit = circuit in
a carburetor providing a richer
mixture, operated by engine
vacuum: Cơ cấu làm giàu hoà khí
envelope n. cover enclosing
something entirely, such as the
glass of a lamp bulb: Vỏ bọc
environment-conscious or
environmentally aware a .
aware of dangers and threats
to the environment and taking
appropriate action to avoid them:
Quan tâm đến môi trường
environmentally friendly = harmless
to the environment, or causing as
little harm as possible: Vô hại đến
môi trường
163
EPA
EPA n. (US) Environmental Protection
Agency, which is responsible for
recommending environmental
legislation and in the automotive
sphere produces test cycles and
estimates fuel economy: Cục Bảo
vệ Môi trường của Mỹ
EPC = electrostatic powder coating
EP gear oil n. extreme pressure
gear oil preventing metal-to-
metal contact, used mainly in
gearboxes and final drives units:
Dầu bôi trơn bánh răng
epicyclical gearbox n. constant-
mesh gearbox with several
planetary gear
sets made up of an internally toothed
outer ring gear, several small
intermediate pinions or planet
gears and a large externally
toothed central gear known as
a sun wheel. In US English, it is
planetary transmission: Hộp số
bánh răng hành tinh
epoxy resin n. thermosetting resin
based on ethylene oxide or
similar material or derivatives,
used in adhesives, fillers, and
primers and other finishes: Nhựa
epoxi
EPS (short for) electronically
controlled power steering: Trợ
lực lái điều khiển bằng điện tử
164
ESR
equalizer n. (a) = graphic equalizer:
Nút chỉnh tần số âm thanh
(cassette)
(b) compensator: Cơ cấu bù
equal power distribution or split
n. system in four wheel drive
vehicles which ensures that an
equal amount of power is passed
to the front and rear wheels: Sự
phân phối công suất cân bằng
giữa bánh trước và bánh sau
equipment n. devices and systems
fitted to a vehicle which are
either essential or optional, and
either fitted by the manufacturer
(original equipment ): Thiết bị
equipment package = particular
combination of equipment
provided by the manufacturer:
Nguyên gói thiết bị
erode v. to remove a surface layer
(by chemical action or by rubbing
): Ăn mòn, bào mòn
erosion n. removing a surface layer
(by chemical action or wear ): Sự
bào mòn
ESA = electronic spark advance
ESC = electronic spark control
ESR (short for) electric sunroof:
Cửa mui xe điều khiển bằng
điện (cửa trời)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
EST
EST = electronic spark timing: Điều
khiển thời điểm đánh lửa bằng
điện tử
estate car n. private car which is
essentially a saloon whose roof
is extended to the rear of the car,
which is more or less vertical and
incorporates a tailgate, giving the
increase by lowering the can be
further increased by lowering
the back of the rear seat. In US
English, it is station wagon: Xe
vừa chở khách vừa chở hàng
ESV = experimental safety vehicle:
Xe thử nghiệm an toàn
ETA (short for) estimated time of
arrival: thời gian đến dự kiến
(máy tính hành trình)
etching n. (a) roughening or
disintegration of the paint surface,
which can occur on small patches
or over a wide area, through
attack from bird droppings,
screen washer fluid, industrial fall
out, etc.: Bong sơn do tác động
môi trường
(b) removal of soil or the natural
oxide film from an aluminium
surface, giving a roughened
surface which improves adhesion
of the subsequent paint layer, or
removal the actual metal: Cạo bề
mặt kim loại để sơn bám tốt
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
evaporation control system
ethanol n. ethyl alcohol which is
added to petrol, typically in a
mixture of 10% ethanol and 90%
unleaded petrol: Ethanol (thêm
vào xăng)
ethyl acrylate n. polymer used in
toughening rubber: Hợp chất cao
phân tử để tăng độ cứng cho cao
su
ethylene –glycol n. thick hygroscopic
liquid which is used as the main
constituent of antifreeze: Thành
phần của chất chống đông (trong
nước làm mát động cơ)
euromix formular n. basis for a
standard test cycle covering both
town driving and driving on the
open road: Chu trình kiểm tra xe
evacuate v. to remove by pushing
out: tháo, cách ly
evaporate v. to turn into a vapour:
Làm bay hơi, làm bốc hơi
evaporation n. conversion of a
liquid into a vapour: Sự bốc hơi
evaporation control system or
evaporation emission control
(system) (evap) = system for
reducing evaporation emissions
by means of a sealed fuel tank,a
vapour-liquid separator, a three-
way valve, an active carbon filter,
and a network of interconnecting
165
evaporative emissions
hoses: Hệ thống kiểm soát
sự bốc hơi nhiên liệu (chống ô
nhiễm)
evaporative emissions or losses n.
vapour or fumes not emitted by
the exhaust system, but escaping
from the fuel tank, carburetor
and crankcase, and accounting
for about 40% of hydrocarbon
emissions released by a petrol
engine without emission controls:
Sự bốc hơi của nhiên liệu từ
thùng chứa
evaporator n. in automotive air-
conditioning systems, a heat
exchanger designed to absorb
heat by evaporation of a
refrigerant: Giàn lạnh, bộ bốc hơi
(note: opposite is condenser)
evap system n. = evaporative
emission control system
EVC = exhaust valve closes
EVO = exhaust valve opens
EW (short of ) electric windows: Cửa
sổ điện, kính điện
exchange engine n. overhauled
replacement engine provided in
change for a worn (but unchanged)
engine, plus a charge: Động cơ
được đổi khi đại tu
excitation winding n. = field winding:
cuộn dây kích từ
166
exhaust emission control system
ex-demonstrator n. car formerly used
by a dealer as a demonstrator:
Xe đã qua trưng bày
executive car n. large, powerful
luxury car considered suitable for
a business executive: Xe cao cấp
exhaust 1 n. (a) = exhaust gas: Khí
thải, khí xả
(b) = exhaust system: hệ thống thải.
2 v. to push out or discharge
(combustion gases ): Thải ra
exhaust back pressure n. any
pressure holding back the flow of
the gases in as exhaust system:
ap suất ngược của khí thải
exhaust cam (shaft) n. separate
camshaft controlling the opening
and closing of the exhaust valves
used in twin overhead camshaft
engines, opposite is inlet
camshaft: Trục cam thải
exhaust chamber n. part of the two-
stroke exhaust system designed
to maintain a specified back
pressure: Buồng thải (động cơ
hai kỳ)
exhaust emission control n. reduction
of harmful pollutants in the gases
emitted from the exhaust system:
Sự kiểm soát khí thải (ô nhiễm)
exhaust emission control system
= general term for any system
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
exhaust emissions
that reduces the harmful
exhaust emissions of a motor
vehicle, including one or all of
the following systems, catalytic
converter (with or without oxygen
sensor air/ fuel control), exhaust
gas recirculation, secondary air
injection or induction, and positive
crankcase ventilation: Hệ thống
kiểm soát khí thải
exhaust emissions n. gases emitted
into the atmosphere through the
exhaust system, or indeed any
opening down-stream of the
exhaust ports of an engine: Sự
phát xạ ô nhiễm do khí thải
exhaust gas n. gas which is the
product of the combustion process
and which is passed out of the
cylinder through the exhaust valve
or port into the exhaust system:
Khí cháy, khí thải
exhaust gas analyzer = device which
can establish the hydrocarbon,
carbon monoxide or carbon
dioxide content of the exhaust
gases, used fro tuning the
engine or testing to see whether
emissions control standards are
met: Thiết bị phân tích khí thải
exhaust gas purification (system) =
emission control system for diesel
engines, which may consist of
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
exhaust port
an exhaust scrubber, a diesel
exhaust filter, and/ or a catalytic
converter: Hệ thống làm sạch
khí thải
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) =
process in which a small portion
of the exhaust gas is mixed with
air in the induction tract, which
has the effect of reducing the
nitrogen oxides then emitted: Hệ
thống tuần hoàn khí thải (để giảm
NOx)
exhaust manifold n. first part of the
exhaust system, usually made of
cast iron, and fixed directly to the
cylinder head over the gases and
passes them to the down pipe(s)
connected to its outlet(s): Ống
góp thải
exhaust note n. sound coming from
the end of the exhaust pipe: Tiếng
nổ ở cuối pô
exhaust pipe n. any pipe forming part
of the exhaust system: Ống pô
exhaust pollutants n. = exhausts
emissions: Sự ô nhiễm của khí
thải
exhaust port n. (a) (in four –stroke
engines) short passage in the
cylinder head from the exhaust
valve opening to the exhaust
manifold (or exhaust pipe on a
typical motorcycle): Cửa thải
167
exhaust scrubber
(b) (in two-stroke engines) opening
in the cylinder wall used for
discharge of the spent gases into
the exhaust system: Cửa thải trên
thành xi-lanh (động cơ hai kỳ)
exhaust scrubber n. diesel exhaust
gas purification system which
cools the exhaust and separates
nitrogen oxide and oil vapours
from the gas stream: Thiết bị lọc
khí thải (diesel)
exhaust side n. side of the engine
where the exhaust valves and
exhaust manifold are situated:
Phía bên thải
exhaust stroke n. in spark ignition
and diesel engines, the upward
stroke of the piston when the
energy of combustion is spent
and the piston moves upward
again, the exhaust valve opens
and burned gases are forced out
past the open exhaust valve: Thì
thải
exhaust system n. system in a
four-wheeled motor vehicle
that collects the exhaust gases
and discharges them into the
air, consisting of the exhaust
manifold, exhaust pipe, silencer,
tailpipe, and rear silencer or
resonator: Hệ thống thải
exhaust timing n. exhaust control
168
expander
system developed especially for
two-stroke motorcycle engines in
order to enhance low and mid-
range power: hệ thống điều khiển
thời điểm thải (hai kỳ)
exhaust treatment n. any measures
taken to reduce the pollutant
concentrations in the exhaust of
an internal combustion engine
release into the atmosphere: Sự
xử lý khí thải
exhaust turbocharging n. =
turbocharging: Tăng áp bằng khí
thải
exhaust valve n. valve usually of
the poppet type and smaller than
the inlet valve, in four-stroke ic
engines, operated directly or
indirectly by a camshaft to open
during the exhaust stroke to allow
the combustion gases to escape:
Xú-páp thải
exhaust valve closes (EVC) = mark
on a valve-timing diagram: Dấu
xú-páp thải đóng
exhaust valve opens (EVO) = mark
on a valve–timing diagram: Dấu
xú-páp thải mở
expander n. device in a drum
brake system (either hydraulic
or mechanical) which forces the
shoes apart into contact with the
drum: Cần đẩy trống phanh
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
expander ring
expander ring or spacer n. part used
in an oil-control ring consisting
of more than one part (e.g. one
upper and one lower rail) to exert
a constant pressure on the ring,
in order to ensure a tight seal
towards the cylinder wall: Vòng
ép trong xéc-măng dầu
expansion n. increase in volume of a
liquid or a gas: Sự giãn nở
expansion stroke = power stroke:
Thì giãn nở, kỳ sinh công
expansion tank = overflow container
for gases or liquids subject to
expansion, such as fuels or
more particularly coolant which
expanse when heated, and when
cools returns to the radiator: Bình
giãn nở, bình nước phụ
expansion valve = flow-control valve
located between the condenser
and evaporator in an air-
conditioner and which controls
the amount of refrigerant sprayed
into the evaporator: Van tiết lưu
(hệ thống điều hoà không khí)
experimental safety vehicle
(ESV) n. special vehicle built
for research into and testing of
safety features: Xe thí nghiệm độ
an toàn
expioded view n. drawing of a
mechanism or structure which
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
external mirror
shows the parts separately but
approximately in the position they
occupy when assembled: Sơ đồ
chi tiết (chi tiết vẽ rời)
expressway n. us multilane road
like a motorway, with full or partial
control of access: Siêu xa lộ
extension bar or piece n. part used
with socket spanners inserted
between a socket and drive
handle, which allow access to
nuts or bolt heads in deeply
recessed or otherwise confined
areas: Khớp nối (cần siết)
exterior mirror n. = external mirror:
Kính chiếu hậu ngoài
external combustion engine n.
engine (such as a steam engine)
in which fuel is burnt outside the
cylinder or cylinders, power being
generated by the expansion of
another liquid or gas heated by
combustion: động cơ đốt ngoài
external diameter n. the external
diameter of a cylinder or tube:
Đường kính ngoài
external micrometer n. micrometer
for measuring external diameters:
Pan me đo ngoài
external mirror n. mirror attached to
the outside of the vehicle, typically
on the driver’s or the passenger’s
169
external thread
door: Kính chiếu hậu bên ngoài xe
external thread n. thread consisting
of projecting ridges on the outside
of a part such as a bolt or screw
(which fits into the corresponding
internal thread of a nut or similar),
also called male thread: Ren
ngoài (ren đực).
external vane pump n. pump with
either an elliptic rotating piston or
an eccentrically mounted circular
rotor: Bơm có cánh bên ngoài
extractor n. special tool for extracting
bearings, bushes and sleeves
from housings and blind holes:
Cái cảo
extras n. optional additional items
either fitted by the manufacturer
at the buyer’s request, or fitted
later by the owner, comprising
either accessories such as seat
covers or additional lights or built-
170
eyelet pliers
in items such as a heated rear
window or sunroof: Đồ gắn thêm
trên xe
eye n. circular opening or hole, such
as that at then the end of a leaf
spring or that formed at the end
of a cable: Các khoen (nhíp hoặc
dây điện)
eyebolt n. bolt with an eye in place of
a head, through which a cable can
be passed, e.g. for lifting purposes:
Bu-lông có lỗ để móc cáp
eyelet connector n. connector for
electrical connections which is
attached to a wire and has its ring-
shaped end pushed on to a round
post or threaded terminal: Khoen
dây nối (để bắt vào thân xe)
eyelet pliers n. pliers for punching
small holes, with a round stud in
one jaw and a hole in the other:
Kìm bấm lỗ
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
F fade
Ff
F (a) (short for) Fahrenheit: Độ F
(b) = field (terminal): Đầu ra cuộn
dây kích từ (máy phát)
fabric n. material made from textile
or man-made fibres, used e.g. in
the structure of tyre casings, for
covering seats, etc.: Vải bố, vải gai
l fabric body = simple form of
lightweight bodywork in which a
waterproof, clothbacked material
is stretched over a wooden
frame-work, popular around 1930
and still used at a later date by
DKW and even postwar by Lloyd:
Kết cấu thân xe nhẹ
l fabric hood or top = soft-top made
from a textile (such as canvas) as
opposed to vinyl: Mui vải
fabricate v. to make, usually by a
relatively complex process or from
several parts: Chế tạo, sản xuất.
face n. front, visible or working
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
surface of a part (such as a valve)
or a tool (such as a hammer): Phần
phía trước, bề mặt, bề ngoài
l facelift n. minor styling
modifications made to a car
model which may be approaching
the end of its useful life, intended
to improve the appearance and
thus boost sales with minimum
cost, including such features
as restyled headlights, larger
taillights, added trim and
spoilers: Sự tạo dáng xe để bán,
đổi kiểu dáng
facia n. = fascia: Bảng đồng hồ
trong xe
factory adjusted a. set by the works
when the vehicle is built (and not
to be altered): Đã điều chỉnh ở
nơi lắp ráp
fade n. = brake fade: Sự mòn má phanh
l fader n. device which adjusts
the sound balance of front and
171
fail-safe system
rear speakers in a four-speaker
layout: Thiết bị điều chỉnh cân
bằng âm thanh giữa các loa
l fading n. (a) loss of brightness
or colour in a part finish: Sự mờ
dần, nhạt đi (sơn).
fail-safe system n. system which
remains safe even when part of it
fails, such as a dual-circuit brake
system: Hệ thống dự phòng
fair v. to add a fairing to a body:
Làm nhẵn, làm phẳng
l fairing (panel) n. additional
streamlined body panel placed
over a projecting part, or an
integral panel also designed to
give minimum drag: Sự làm nhẵn
và thon thân xe
family car n. car suitable for
transporting a family, usually a
four-door saloon or hatchback:
Loại xe ô tô gia đình
fan n. device with a number of blades
mounted in a central hub, which
can move air as it turns: Cái quạt
fan belt n. originally and logically,
the V-belt used to drive the
engine fan from a pulley on the
front of the crankshaft, which also
drives the dynamo or alternator
and in some cases the water
pump: Dây đai kéo quạt
172
fascia
fan blade n. part of the fan projecting
at an angle from the central hub,
which draws the air through the
radiator: Cánh quạt
l fan clutch n. clutch by means of
which the fan can be engaged and
disengaged according to engine
temperature, usually operated
automatically by a thermostat: Ly
hợp (nhiệt) quạt làm mát động cơ
l fan cooling n. type of air cooling
where a blower is responsible
for transporting the amount of
air required for the cooling of
the engine past the cooling fins,
which in turn dissipate the heat
stored in them to the current of air
flowing past them: Quạt làm mát
động cơ
l fan pulley n. pulley on the hub
of the radiator fan on which its
driving belt runs: Puly quạt làm
mát
fascia n. (a) = instrument panel:
Tableau, bảng đồng hồ
(b) panel forming part of the
external trim, such as that below
the bumper: Băng, dải
l fast charger n. battery charger,
which can charge a battery at a
rate of 40 amps or even more,
used by garages and battery
suppliers: Máy sạc nhanh
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
fatigue
l fast idle n. higher than normal
tickover speed of an engine when
cold with the choke in operation:
Sự cầm chừng nhanh
l fast idle cam = cam in a
carburettor, which opens the
throttle slightly when the choke
is brought into operation, either
automatically or mechanically:
Cơ cấu cam điều khiển cầm
chừng nhanh (chế hòa khí)
l fast idle screw = screw on a
carburettor for adjusting the fast
idle speed: Vít chỉnh tốc độ cầm
chừng nhanh
l fast idle solenoid = solenoid
operating in conjunction with
an automatic choke to open the
throttle slightly when the choke is
in operation: Van điện điều khiển
tốc độ cầm chừng nhanh
l fast lane n. outside lane on a
motorway used by fast-moving
traffic for over-taking: Làn xe
cao tốc
fatigue n. weaking of a material
subjected to high stresses, which
may crack or even break as a
result: Sự mỏi (giảm sức chịu
đựng của vật liệu)
l fatigue limit = maximum stress
that a material can endure for an
infinite number of stress cycles
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
FE analysis
without breaking: Giới hạn mỏi
l fatigue resistance or strength =
maximum stress that a material
can endure for a given time
without breaking: Độ bền mỏi
l fatigue test = test on a material
to determine the range of stress
it will stand without failing, by
subjecting it to rapidly varying
stresses to establish its fatigue
limit: Sự kiểm tra độ bền mỏi
fault n. defect which is either
inherent in the vehicle as built
(manufacturing fault) or which
occurs during: Sự cố, lỗi, hư hỏng
l fault diagnosis = tracing of faults,
greatly aided on many modern
vehicles by the use of an in-built
diagnostic system and an engine
analyzer: Sự chẩn đoán hư hỏng
l fault memory = part of the
electronic control unit and of the
diagnostic system that stores
faulty conditions to facilitate
vehicle diagnosis: Bộ nhớ lỗi
l fault reader = device to be used
in conjunction with the vehicle’s
diagnostic system, providing a
read-out of the values measured,
etc.: Thiết bị đọc mã lỗi (code hư
hỏng)
FE analysis n. = finite-element
173
feather edge
analysis: Giải tích phần tử hữu
hạn
feather edge n. border of a repair
area to which filler has been
applied, which has been sanded
to merge imperceptibly into the
undamaged area: Vùng sơn dặm
feathering n. very gently pressing
on the throttle or brake pedal:
Đạp nhẹ (vào bàn đạp ga, phanh)
feather key n. key with parallel
faces whose ends may be round
or square: Chìa khóa miệng
Federal engine n. engine meeting
Federal emission standards and
certified by the EPA for use in any
state except California: Động cơ
đủ tiêu chuẩn khí thải liên bang
l Federal Test Procedure (FTP) n.
method of testing automotive
emissions simulating typical
driving conditions: Quy trình kiểm
tra khí thải Mỹ
Fédération Internationale de I’
Automobile (FIA) n. international
umbrella motoring organization
to which national motoring
organizations are affiliated: Hiệp
hội Ô tô Quốc tế
Fédération Internationale du Sport
Automobile (FISA) n. the
international governing body of
174
feed
motor sport: Hiệp hội Ô tô Thể
thao Quốc tế
feed 1 v. to supply (fuel, oil, current,
etc. ): Cung cấp, nạp
n. supply of fuel, oil, current, etc.:
Sự cung cấp, nạp
l feed line or pipe = pipe supplying
a liquid or gas: Đường ống cung
cấp
l feed pump = pump supplying,
for example, fuel in regulated
quantities: Bơm nhiên liệu, bơm
cung cấp
l feedback n. information in the
from of a signal from a sensor,
which is then used in a closed
loop system to regulate the
mixture strength, for example:
Sự phản hồi, hồi tiếp (trong điều
khiển kín)
l feedback carburettor (FIB) =
carburettor regulated by a closed
loop system providing the air/ fuel
mixture quality needed to operate
a catalytic converter: Bộ chế hoà
khí có cơ cấu điều chỉnh hỗn hợp
theo chu trình kín bằng tín hiệu
phản hồi
l feedback control = closed-loop
control: Sự điều khiển theo chu
trình kín
l feeler gauge n. tool with
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
female
metal feeler blades or wire
feelers of various thicknesses
for measuring small distances
and gaps between components,
e.g. valve clearances or gaps
between sparking plug electrodes
or contact breaker points: Cỡ lá
(đo khe hở)
l feeler blade = thin blade of
spring steel of an exact thickness
for measuring small gaps or
clearances between parts,
usually made in sets of various
thicknesses pinned together at
one end to form a feeler gauge:
Miếng cỡ lá
l feeler strip = metal strip of a
specific thickness from which
single feeler blades can be
cut, appropriate when frequent
measuring is required, to avoid
using worn blades: Lá cỡ rời
female a. fitting inside another part,
usually where two parts form a
connection of some kind: Đầu cái
(giắc điện)
l female thread = internal thread:
Ren trong
fender n. (a) US = WING: Vè xe
(b) = BUMPER: Tấm chắn
Ferguson four-wheel drive
(transmission) n. transmission
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
fibreglass
system in which power is
distributed through a special
viscous coupling differential, 37%
to the front wheels and 63% to
the rear wheels: Sự truyền động
xe hai cầu kiểu Ferguson
ferrous a. containing iron: Có chứa
sắt
festoon bulb n. light bulb in the form
of a small glass tube with caps at
each end providing the contacts:
Bóng đèn hai đầu cắm
FF headlight n. free-form headlight
using a free-shape reflector: Đèn
đầu hình dáng thanh nhã
F-head engine n. engine design with
overhead inlet and side exhaust
valves: Động cơ có đường nạp
phía trên và đường thải nằm bên
hông động cơ, kiểu F
fibreglass n. material made from fine
glass strands matted or woven
and bonded with a synthetic
resin, also called glass reinforced
plastic or GRP: Sợi thủy tinh
l fibreglass body = body whose
shell is moulded in one piece
from fibreglass: Thân xe được
làm bằng sợi thủy tinh
l fibre optics n. transmission of
information in the form of light
carried along sheathed glass
175
field coil
fibres, used in some engine
management systems and
malfunction warning indicators:
truyền thông tin qua sợi quang
field coil n.= field winding: Cuộn dây
kích từ.
l field terminal (F) n. the input
terminal on a dynamo: Cực ra
của cuộn kích từ (máy phát)
l field testing or trial n. testing of a
vehicle or component in more or
less normal use: Sự thử nghiệm
xe
l field winding n. part which
produces a constant-strength
magnetic field in an electric
motor or generator, the field core
being on the stator or the rotor
depending on the type of motor
or generator: Cuộn kích từ
fierceness n. tendency of a clutch
to engage suddenly so that it is
difficult to start smoothly from
rest: Giật khi nhả ly hợp
fifth (gear) n. highest ratio in a five-
speed gearbox: Số 5
l fifth wheel n. (a) additional wheel
attached to the rear of a vehicle
being road-tested which drives a
highly accurate speed-measuring
instrument: Bánh xe kiểm tra,
bánh xe thứ năm
176
filler
(b) in an articulated vehicle, the
generally circular pad at the rear
of the tractor unit on which the
front end of the trailer is mounted
and which is able to turn when a
corner is being negotiated: Mâm
móc hậu
fifty-fifty power split n. arrangement
in a four-wheel drive transmission
where equal amounts of power
are delivered to the front and rear
wheels: Sự chia đều công suất
(truyền động bốn bánh )
filament n. thin, usually tungsten
wire in a light bulb which
becomes incandescent when
current is passed through it:
Dây tóc bóng đèn
file n. flat or rounded tool with a
rough surface of hardened steel
for removing metal with the aim of
smoothing or shaping it: Cái giũa
l file card brush = brush with angled
wire bristles for cleaning file
threads: Bàn chải sắt dùng làm
sạch giũa
l file handle = handle, now usually
of plastic, which may be attached
to the end of a file: Cán giũa
filler n. (a) paste usually with a
polyester base which, when
mixed with a hardener, forms a
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
fill plug
surface which can be sanded
smooth and is suitable for repairs
to dented or rusted bodywork,
also called filler paste: Bột matit
(b)= primer filler: Chất trám lót
(c) inert material added to paper,
resins, and other substances
to modify their properties and
improve quality; e.g. carbon black
used in tyre production: Chất phụ
gia, chất độn
orifice into which a liquid such as
oil or petrol can be poured: Cái
phễu, lỗ châm (xăng, dầu)
l filler cap = closure which covers a
filler orifice: Nắp bình xăng
l filler neck = funnel-shaped part
with the filler orifice at its top end:
Cổ phễu
l filling n. repairing of holes or
dents in bodywork with filler paste
or body lead: Trám kín
l filling station n. place where
petrol, diesel, oil and other
supplies for motorists are sold.
In US English, it is gas station. :
Trạm xăng dầu, cây xăng
fill plug n. small screw-in plug in
the steering box or similar, which
is removed for topping up with oil:
Nút châm dầu
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
final drive
fill up v. to refill the fuel tank: Sự
đổ đầy
film n. thin layer or coating: Lớp
màng mỏng (sơn)
filter n. device for removing dirt or
suspended particles in a liquid or
in the air: Bộ lọc
l filter cartridge or element =
replaceable porous part of some
oil and most air filters, made of
paper, felt or fine wire mesh: Ruột
bộ lọc, lõi lọc
l filter screen = piece of wire mesh
in a pipe used to collect dirt and
foreign matter: Tấm chắn bộ lọc
l filter wrench = oil filter wrench:
Khoá vặn lọc dầu
filtration n. removal of dirt or
suspended particles from a liquid
or the air with the aid of a filter:
Sự lọc, cách lọc
fin n. projecting thin flat part,
such as the cooling fins on an
air-cooled cylinder, or the large
vertical member at the rear
of some streamlined record-
breaking cars, intended to aid
directional stability: Cánh tản
nhiệt, cánh trao đổi nhiệt
final drive n. assembly of gears in
the back axle of rear-wheel drive
vehicles and in the front axle
177
fine
of front-wheel drive vehicles,
comprising essentially the
differential and crown wheel and
pinion, which reduce the speed
of rotation and also change its
direction: Truyền động cuối cùng
l final drive ratio = ratio between the
rotational speed of the propeller
shaft or drive shaft and that of
the driven road wheel, the gear
reduction being determined by
dividing the number of teeth on
the crown wheel or ring gear by
the number of teeth on the drive
pinion: Tỉ số truyền động cuối cùng
fine a. (a) made of very small
particles: Làm từ hạt nhỏ mịn
(b) (of a thread) having many
grooves and ridges close
together: Mịn, nhuyễn
finger n. narrow projecting part,
often acting as a lever and
pivoting at one end or in the
middle and pressing on another
part: Vấu ngàm
l finger-tight a. tightened only
with the fingers, without using a
spanner: Vặn tay
finish n. general appearance or
condition of a surface, either
painted or unpainted: Bề mặt sơn
l finish coat = top coat: Lớp sơn
cuối cùng
178
fire
l finish hammer = hammer used
for detail work in shaping a panel
after it has been brought roughly
into the right shape: Búa làm
đồng
l finish restorer = slightly abrasive
polish which cuts back and
restores the colour and lustre of
dull and oxidized finishes: Đánh
bóng
finishing enamel or paint = paint for
the top coat of a painting system:
Lớp sơn cuối cùng
finite-element analysis or FE
analysis n. reduction of a complex
structure to its basic component
parts so that these can be studied
in a computer, especially in a CAD
(computer-aided design) process:
Sự phân tích theo phương pháp
phần tử hữu hạn
finning n. arrangement of fins
on a surface to aid cooling by
improving the heat transfer
rate, typical found on air-cooled
engines: Bố trí cánh tản nhiệt
fire v. (a) to start to run: Khởi động
(b) to ignite (the mixture): Cháy, bốc
cháy
l fire applicance n. = fire engine:
Xe cứu hỏa
l fireball combustion chamber n.
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
firing
combustion chamber design
developed by the Swiss engineer
May and introduced on Jaguar’s
V-12 engine in 1981: Buồng cháy
dạng cầu
l fire engine n. vehicle equipped for
fire-fighting with ladders, pumps,
hoses, etc.: Xe cứu hỏa
l fire extinguisher n. cylinder
which can spray powder , foam or
a liquid onto a fire to put it out:
Máy chữa lửa, bình cứu hỏa
l firewall n. = bulkhead: Vách ngăn
firing n. process of igniting the mixture
in the combustion chamber: Sự
đánh lửa, sự đốt cháy
l firing end = part of the sparking
plug extending into the combustion
chamber: Đầu điện cực bu-gi
l firing order = sequence of igniting
the air/ fuel mixture in the cylinders
of a multi-cylinder engine: Thứ tự
đánh lửa
l firing stroke = power stroke: Thì
sinh công
First-aid kit n. box containing
bandages, antiseptic ointment
and other basic medical
requirements for treating injuries:
Hộp sơ cấp cứu
l first (gear) n. lowest gear
available in the gearbox, which
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
five-cylinder engine
in fact gives the highest ratio of
engine speed to road speed, and
consequently the highest torque
at the driven wheels, and so is
used for starting and climbing
very steep hills: Số 1, số chậm
nhất và mạnh nhất.
fit 1 n. way in which two parts come
together, with varying degrees
of tightness: Sự lắp ráp, sự gắn
vừa, sự thích hợp.
l clearance or sliding fit = parts
assembled so that there is
clearance between them or so
that one can slide in the other: Độ
hở phù hợp.
2 v. to fix or put into place: Lắp
vào, ăn khớp.
l fittings n. small ancillary parts for
a particular system such as fuel
lines: Các chi tiết nhỏ.
five-cylinder engine n. engine with
five cylinders, a rate configuration
because of the problems of
balance: Động cơ năm xi-lanh
l five-door a. body design typical of
estate cars and most hatchbacks,
with four side doors and a tailgate:
Xe năm cửa
l five-link rear suspension n.
independent rear suspension
layout also used on live rear
179
fixed-caliper disc brake
axles, in which each wheel is
guided by two trailing links, two
transverse links and a common
track rod: Hệ thống treo sau năm
thanh nối
l five-speed gearbox or
transmission n. gearbox with
five forward speeds, the highest
of which usually functions more
as an overdrive for high-speed
cruising: Hộp số năm tốc độ
l five-valve head n. cylinder
head with five valves per cylinder,
usually three inlet valves and two
exhaust valves: Nắp quy lát với
năm xú-páp
fixed-caliper disc brake n. disc
brake with a caliper which cannot
move, the caliper consisting
of two halves which are bolted
together and contain at least one
cylinder and piston each: Bộ kẹp
phanh đĩa cố định
l fixed-cam brake n. drum brake in
which the cam is rigidly mounted in
the backplate: Cam phanh cố định
l fixed-choke carburettor n.
carburettor in which the size of
the venturi or choke tube is fixed,
synonymous in practice with
fixed-jet carburettor: Bộ chế hòa
khí có họng khuếch tán không
thay đổi
180
flame front
l fixed contact n. stationary point
in a contact breaker: Vít đe
l fixed head n. non-removable
cylinder head, cast in one piece
with the cylinder block; found
in early internal combustion
engines: Nắp quy lát cố định
(dính liền với lốc máy)
l fixed-jet carburettor n. most
common type of carburettor, in
which the jets and the choke are
of a fixed size, which is opposite
to variable-jet carburettor: Bộ chế
hòa khí với lỗ tia không đổi
flag down v. to stop (a vehicle) with
a hand signal in an emergency:
Vẫy tay dừng xe
flagship model n. prestige model,
the top model of a manufacturer’s
range: Kiểu xe hàng đầu, kiểu xe
hạng nhất
flake (off) v. to come or peel off in
thin pieces (flakes): Bong tróc ra
từng lớp mỏng
l flaking n. tendency of a paint film
to lift away from the underlying
surface: Sự bong tróc (bề mặt
tiếp xúc)
flame front n. edge of the
combustion flame spreading from
the sparking plug, which should
move in a controlled pattern
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
flange
across the cylinder, rather than
simply exploding immediately:
Màng lửa
l flame glow plug n. glow plug that
preheats the intake air by burning
a small quantity of precisely
metered fuel: Bu-gi xông máy đốt
dầu để hâm nóng khí nạp
l flame trap n. device consisting
of a valve or similar, preventing
the escape of ignited blowback
gases, usually located in the
hose or pipe leading from the
crankcase to the inlet tract: Van
chống khí cháy
flange n. flat outside edge or rim
of a part, by which it is often
attached to another part: Mép
niềng, vành bánh xe
l flange bolt = bolt with a flanged
head: Bu-lông đầu có gờ
l flange joint = coupling between
two shafts formed of two disc-
shaped flanges on the ends of
the shafts which are bolted to one
another: Khớp nối vòng khuyết
l flange-type puller = puller with
legs that fit behind a flange on a
hub or similar: Cảo nhiều chân
flanged a. with flanges: Có gờ, có
bích, có mép
l flanged head = bolt head under
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
flashback
which is a flange: Đầu bu-lông có
mặt bích
l flanger n. tool for making a
flange: Máy gấp mép
l panel flanger see joggler: Thiết bị
tạo vấu
flank n. (a) side of a screw thread,
rising from the bottom of the
groove to the top of the ridge:
Phía bên hông ren vít
(b) one of the two flat parts of the
face of a cam: Mặt bên hông cam
flap n. flat piece of material attached
along one side, often by a hinge
and thus forming a small door for
shutting off an aperture: Cái nắp
vuông
l flaring tool n. tool used to spread
or form flares on pipe or tubing
ends, for example, when servicing
brake, fuel and cooling systems on
vehicles: Dụng cụ loe ống
flash v. (a) to use one’s direction
indicator: Làm nhấp nháy
(b) to switch one’s headlights on
and off quickly: Chớp pha
flashback n. = blowback: Nổ dội
l flasher n. flashing direction
indicator: Cục chớp
l flasher unit = electronic switch
181
flat
apparatus controlling the
operation of the direction
indicators, including their rate
of flash; self-cancelling when
the steering wheel is returned to
the straight-ahead position: Cục
chớp điện tử
l flashover n. HT current which
short-circuits over the exterior
portion of the sparking plug
insulator: Sự rò điện cao áp qua
lớp sứ cách điện (bu-gi)
l flash point n. lowest temperature
at which vapours from a volatile
fuel will ignite momentarily on the
application of a small flame under
specified conditions: Nhiệt độ
cháy thấp nhất
l flash time n. time required for
most of the solvent to escape
from a freshly applied paint coat:
Thời gian khô sơn
flat 1 a. (a) completely discharged,
so that it cannot turn the engine
and the lights are at best very
dim: Hết điện
(b) completely deflated, especially
as the result of a puncture or a
leaky valve: Lốp xì hơi, lốp xẹp
l flat file n. tapered file cut on all
faces and with rectangular cross
section, for shaping metal: Cái
182
for an instant
giũa bằng (dạng tiết diện chữ
nhật)
l flat hump n. raised and flattened
portion on the bead seat of some
wheel rims which retains the
beads of an insufficiently inflated
tyre on the bead seat, thereby
preventing the tyre beads from
jumping into the rim well: Gờ nổi
bằng trên niềng xe
l flat-nose(d) pliers n. most
common type of pliers in which
the ends of the jaws are cut off
short: Kìm mỏ bằng
flat pente n. raised portion on the
bead seat of some wheel rims
which retains the tyre beads of an
insufficiently inflated tyre on the
bead seat, thereby preventing the
beads from jumping into the rim
well: Gờ nổi bằng trên niềng xe
flat seat n. seat of a sparking plug
which is sealed by means of a
gasket: Bu-gi đế bằng (có lông
đền)
l flat spot n. (a) point during
acceleration at which the engine
hesitates and stops accelerating
for an instant: Điểm giật khi tăng tốc
(động cơ)
(b) flattened area on a tyre (especially
a racing tyre), usually caused by
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
flaw
a locking brake: Vết mòn phẳng
(vỏ xe)
l flat tappet n. tappet with a flat
contact surface towards the cam
lobe: Con đội thuỷ lực có mặt tiếp
xúc phẳng với cam
l flat-tip screwdriver n. = flatbladed
screwdriver: Tuốc nơ vít dẹp
l flat-top (ped) piston n. piston
with a crown which is flat and not
domed: Pít-tông đầu bằng
l flat washer n. plain washer (as
opposed to a locking or spring
washer): Long đền dẹp, vòng
đệm dẹp
flaw n. = defect: Vết nứt, vết rạn
fleet n. all the vehicles owned by
a company or other organization:
Đoàn xe, đội xe (của một cơ
quan)
l fleet car = car belonging to a
company fleet, typically one
driven by a sales representative
which has done a high mileage:
Xe cơ quan
flex arm suspension n. rear axle
design with torsionally flexible
axle beam in line with the rear
wheels and trailing links: Hệ
thống treo sau liên kết mềm
flexibility n. (a) elasticity of a
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
flexible
material: Tính dẻo của vật chất
(b) ability of an engine to go down to
low speeds in a high gear and pull
away smoothly without changing
down, which is governed mainly
by its torque characteristics: Khả
năng chạy tốc độ thấp ở tay số
cao
flexible a. (a) able to bend without
breaking: Mềm, dễ uốn
l flexible brake pipe = pipe
connecting the wheel cylinder
to the rest of the system, which
has to flex to allow for the up and
down movement of the wheel:
Ống dẫn mềm dầu phanh
(b) able to go down to low speeds
in a high gear and pull away
smoothly: Khả năng chạy tốc độ
thấp ở tay số cao
l flexible coupling n. simple
shaft coupling used where only
small angles of misalignment
between the two shafts occur,
as in a steering column, the
drive being transmitted either by
tension-stressed fabric discs or
pressurized rubber blocks: Khớp
nối mềm
l flexible drive n. drive consisting of
a cable in an outer sheath, used
for mainly light applications such
as speedometers, rev counters
183
flexural
and windscreen wipers: Sự
truyền động bằng dây cáp mềm
l flexible (drive) handle n. drive-
handle with pivoting head for use
with sockets, its length giving
good leverage and its ability to
bend giving access to difficult
locations: Cần siết mềm
flexural a. referring to bending:
Uốn khúc, cong
l flexural shock = sharp shock
when bending, which can break
plastics: Cú va chạm mạnh
flexure n. bending: Chỗ uốn cong
flip-top filler cap n. quick-release
filler cap, as fitted to some sports
and racing cars: Nắp bình xăng
loại bật lên
flitch plate n. reinforcing plate
for chassis members or wheel
arches: Tấm gia cố thân xe
float n. hollow metal or plastic
body that floats on a liquid and
operates a valve or a rheostat,
as in a carburettor, where it is
used to maintain the correct
fuel level, or in a fuel for the fuel
gauge: Cái phao
l float chamber or US float bowl
= circular reservoir for petrol
forming part of a carburettor,
in which a float maintains the
184
floor
desired level by rising as the level
of the fuel rises and closing the
needle valve in the float chamber
cover to shut off the supply: Bình
giữ mực, buồng phao
l float needle = needle in the needle
valve which rises with the float
and shuts off the fuel supply when
it reaches its seat: Kim phao
l floating a. free to move (within
prescribed limits): Di chuyển tự
do (trong giới hạn)
l floating-caliper disc brake = disc
brake with a single piston, in
which the caliper itself can move
to bring both pads into contact
with the disc: Bộ kẹp phanh đĩa
di động
l floating piston = secondary piston:
Pít-tông số hai (trong xi-lanh
phanh chính)
flood v. to allow too much fuel
to enter (the carburettor, the
engine): Ngộp xăng
flooded engine = engine in which
too much fuel has been drawn
into the cylinders during
attempted starting so that
ignition is no longer possible:
Động cơ bị ngộp xăng
floor n. flat base panel of a vehicle:
Sàn xe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
flow
l floor (gear) change = gear change
with the gear lever mounted on
the floor: Cần sang số đặt trên
sàn xe
l floor mat = additional loose
rubber or carpeting mat on the
car floor. In US English, it is floor
shift: Thảm lót sàn
l floorpan n. generally synonymous
with floor, but can mean the whole
platform on which the body is built
up: Sàn xe
flow n. passing of liquid or current
through something, also the
amount conveyed: Dòng, luồng,
lưu lượng
l flow control = regulation of the
amount of fluid passing through a
pump, especially important under
changing operating conditions: Sự
điều khiển lưu lượng
l flow detachment = deviation
of the gas flow into the cylinder
from its ideal path, thus losing its
stability, caused by swirl and/ or
improper combustion chamber
design etc.: Sự làm lệch hướng
dòng chảy
flow rate = amount of liquid conveyed
by a pump per unit of time: Tốc
độ dòng chảy, lưu lượng bơm
l flowmeter n. meter indicating
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
flush
the amount of liquid passing
through, used for instance to
supply information to a fuel
consumption indicator: Lưu
lượng kế, lưu tốc kế
fluid n. substance which flows, e.g.
a liquid or a gas: Chất lỏng.
l fluid capacities = amounts of oil,
water and fuel required to fill the
sump, gearbox, axle, radiator,
fuel tank, etc: Dung tích bình
chứa (xăng, dầu hộp số)
l fluid clutch or fluid coupling =
hydraulically acting coupling by
which power can be transmitted,
used as an automatic clutch
with a driving and a driven rotor
revolving in oil which acts as the
transmission medium: Ly hợp
thủy lực, khớp nối thủy lực
l fluid flywheel = kind of fluid
coupling in which the flywheel is
the driving rotor: Bánh đà dẫn
động bằng thủy lực
l fluid level warning indicator =
warning light on the instrument
panel which comes on when
the level of hydraulic fluid in the
braking system is too low: Đèn
chỉ báo mực dầu thắng
flush a. level with the surrounding
surface: Ngang bằng, bằng
phẳng
185
flux
l flush-mounted speaker = from the engine power strokes
speaker mounted in a cutout
in the interior trim so that it
does not project out, which is
opposite to surface-mounted
speaker: Loa được lắp chìm
2 v. to clean out (the engine, gearbox,
radiator, etc.) by running a special
liquid through it: Làm sạch bằng
cách phun chất lỏng
l flushing oil = thin oil for cleaning
out the sump, oil ways, etc: Dầu
làm sạch
flux n. chemical used in soldering
and welding to prevent oxidizing:
Chất cho vào khi hàn để chống
oxi hoá
flylead n. short lead with a terminal
at the end fitted to a component
as supplied: Đầu nối
l fly nut n. = wing nut: Đai ốc có
cánh (ốc bướm)
l flyweight n. weight such as
that in a centrifugal advance
mechanism which is thrown
outwards by centrifugal force
as speed increases: Quả văng,
trọng lượng ly tâm
l flywheel n. heavy metal wheel
that is attached to the crankshaft
and rotates with it, helping to
smooth out the power surges
186
Foettinger coupling
and serving as a mounting for the
clutch: Bánh đa
l flywheel generator = small
alternator of the rotating magnet
type attached to one end of the
crankshaft and spinning with it,
acting as an additional flywheel;
now only used in mopeds or
scooters: Vô lăng từ gắn trên xe
máy
l flywheel magneto = magneto
mounted in the flywheel of a
small engine, often a two-stroke:
Vô lăng từ
l flywheel ring gear = starter ring
gear: Vòng răng bánh đà
l flywheel turner = special tool
used for hand cranking of the
engine while working on clutches,
gearbox, etc. or doing jobs that
require the crankshaft to be in
a specific position; consists of a
handle and lever to hook into the
starter ring teeth: Dụng cụ quay
bánh đà
FM = Frequency Modulation: Sóng
FM ( radio)
foaming n. formation of bubbles in
the oil of a gearbox, back axle or
shock absorber, etc: Sự tạo bọt,
sự nổi bọt (của dầu)
Foettinger coupling n. torque-
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
 fog lamp
converting fluid coupling
Foettinger: Khớp nối kiểu Foetting
fog lamp n. (a) (mounted at the
front) lamp giving a wide low beam
which penetrates fog, rain, etc.
and illuminates the sides of the
road: Đèn sương mù phía trước.
(b) (mounted at the rear) red light
of the same intensity as a brake
light: Đèn sương mù sau.
folding rear seats n. rear seats in
a hatchback or estate car which
fold forwards into the footwells to
give a more or less flat loading
area: Ghế xếp phía sau
l folding top n. soft top of a
convertible which can be folded
away: Mui xếp
follow-up spark n. secondary
spark occurring when a spark
is extinguished and reignited in
the course of the spark duration,
especially if the mixture is turbulent:
Tia lửa phụ (tiếp theo tia lửa chính)
foot brake n. main braking system
operated by the foot pedal:
Phanh chân
l foot pedal = pedal on the floor in
front of the driver, especially the
brake pedal: Bàn đạp
l footprint n. = contact patch: Vết
tiếp xúc
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
forced circulation
l foot-pound (force) n. unit of
work or energy in the old fps
system equal to the force needle to
move one pound through one foot:
Đơn vị tính công của một lực để di
chuyển một pound suốt một foot.
l foot pump n. tyre pump operated
by the foot: Cái bơm bánh xe đạp
chân
l footwell n. recess in the floor
below the feet of the rear seat
occupants, but may also be used
for the space used by the feet of
people in the front of seats: Chỗ
để chân
force n. any push or pull exerted on
an object, measured in newtons
(N) in the SI (international system
of units), although usage of
the superseded units based on
feet, pounds and ounces is still
frequent: Lực, sức
forced circulation n. cooling system
in which a pump is used to
circulate the coolant: Sự tuần
hoàn cưỡng bức, chuyển động
cưỡng bức (làm mát)
l forced downshift n. kick-down
l forced-feed lubrication n.
lubrication system as used in
all modern four-stroke engines,
in which an engine-drive pump
forces the oil through external
187
forced-induction system
pipes, to the main areas of stress
in the engine: Sự bôi trơn cưỡng
bức (nhờ bơm nhớt)
forced-induction system n. system
in which either a conventional
supercharger or a turbocharger,
or even a combination of both, is
used to increase intake pressure
and force the mixture into the
cylinders: Hệ thống nạp cưỡng
bức (tăng áp)
force fit n. = press fit
Ford n. the second largest car
manufacturer in the world (after
GM): Hãng xe Ford
l Ford-type lug or terminal =
special type of battery connection
consisting of a flat lug with nut
and bolt between the battery
cables and terminal posts: Đầu
cực ắc quy kiểu Ford
fore and aft adjustment n. ability
to move, for example, a seat
forwards and backwards: Khả
năng điều chỉnh chạy tới hoặc lui
(ghế) điều chỉnh tới trước và sau
forge v. to shape (metal) when
hot by hammering or similar
mechanical action: Rèn kim loại
l forging n. piece of forged metal:
mẫu kim loại đã rèn
forked a. with one end in the shape
188
foul
of a Y: Cái nĩa, cái chĩa, hình chạc
l forked con rod = special split con
rod to take two pistons for uniflow-
scavenging two-stroke engines
with two pistons per cylinder:
Thanh truyền hình chữ Y
l forked rocker (arm) = rocker arm
operating two valves with its
forked end: Cò mổ xú-páp hình
chạc, hình chữ Y
l fork-lift truck n. smal vehicle used for
loading in factories, warehouses,
docks, etc., with two arms at the
front projecting forwards which
fit into pallets and can be raised
lowered: Xe nâng hàng
former n. shaped wooden block for
use in panel beating, on which a
desired shape is produced by
hammering: Cái đe gỗ (làm đồng
xe)
formula n. detailed specification,
e.g. for a particular class of motor
racing: Công thức, thể thức
l Formula 1 = formula according to
which racing cars are built for the
major Grand Prix races counting
for the World Championship: Xe
đua thể thức một
Fottinger coupling see foettinger
foul v. (a) to clog or cover (a
sparking plug) with deposits:
Đóng muội than (bu-gi)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
four-cycle
(b) to get in the way of obstruct
(another part): Bị tắc nghẽn, cản
four-cycle a. four-stroke: Bốn kỳ
l four-cylinder engine n. typical
engine type used in most
small to medium-size cars and
commercial vehicles, and in some
large and powerful motorcycles:
Động cơ bốn xi-lanh
l four-door a. having two doors on
each side, the typical layout for
family saloons and exective cars:
Loại xe hơi bốn cửa
l four-link rear suspension n.
independent rear suspension
layout, also used on live rear
axle, in which each wheel is
guided by two control arms, one
mounted longitudinally, the other
mounted transversely or almost
transversely, thus providing
lateral location for the axle: Hệ
thống treo sau với bốn thanh nối
l four-spark ignition coil n. ignition
coil with two primary windings
and one secondary winding: Bô-
bin với hai cuộn sơ và một cuộn
thứ với đi-ốt cao áp để đánh lửa
bốn bu-gi
l four-speed gearbox or
transmission n. gearbox with
four forward speeds: Hộp số bốn
tốc độ.
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
four-wheel drive
l four-stroke or (US) four-cycle
a. operating in accordance with
the four-stroke cycle: Bốn thì,
bốn kỳ
l four-stroke cycle = operating
principle of most spark ignition
and diesel engines, the four
strokes which complete the cycle
being: induction, compression,
power, and exhaust stroke: Chu
trình động cơ bốn kỳ
l fourth (gear) n. the highest gear
in a four-speed gearbox, and the
second highest one in a five-
speed gearbox: Số bốn
l four-valve a. (engine or cylinder
head) with two inlet and two
exhaust valves per cylinder and
any number of cylinders: Bốn
xú-páp
l four-wheel drift n. cornering
technique used in motor racing
in which the car takes the corner
in an intentionally induced
sideways slide: Trượt bốn bánh
khi quay vòng
l four-wheel drive (4WD or FWD)
n. layout in which all four wheels
are driven, giving better traction
on slippery surfaces such as
mud or grass, making it ideal for
off-road vehicles and also giving
better adhesion and handling for
189
FPS
road use: Xe bốn bánh chủ động,
xe hai cầu chủ động
l four-wheel drive with constant or
fixed power distribution = layout
in which the amount of power
delivered to the front and rear
wheels respectively cannot be
varied: Bốn bánh chủ động với
sự phân phối công suất không đổi
l four-wheel steering n. steering
system which steers the rear as
well as the front wheels: Hệ thống
lái bốn bánh
FPS or fps (short for) foot-pound-
second
frame n. structure which is open
in the centre, especially a general
term referring to the underbody
backbone of the car, both for
unitary or separate chassis
designs: Khung xe
l frame damage = type of damage
to the body that involves damage
to the structural members of
the car, usually resulting from
accident impact: Sự hư hỏng
khung xe (do đụng)
l frame gauge = measuring
instrument for determining car
body misalignment: Thiết bị đo độ
lệch khung xe
l frameless a. having no frame:
Không có khung
190
freewheel
l frameless construction = unitary
construction: Cấu trúc không
khung, không giàn, cấu trúc đơn
nhất
l frameless window = window in an
opening door which is not entirely
surrounded by a frame: Cửa kính
không khung
l frame member n. any box-
section member which forms part
of the structural components of
the vehicle chassis: Thanh nối
khung xe
l frame structure n. all structural
parts of the car which contribute
to the rigidity of the body, both
for unitary designs and for cars
with a separate chassis: Kết cấu
khung xe
franchised dealer n. = authorized
dealer: Đại lý ủy quyền mua bán
freeway n. American type of
multiple-lane motorway without
toll charges, with over-passes or
underpasses at all intersections
and with fully controlled access
for intersecting roads, and a
speed limit of typically 60 mph:
Đường cao tốc, xa lộ
l freewheel(ing) hub n. type of
hub fitted to the front axle of
some four-wheel drive vehicles,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
frenching
in which the drive to the front
wheels can be disconnected
when the front axle is not being
driven: Loại trục bánh xe trong
truyền động bốn bánh cho phép
không truyền động đến cầu trước
frenching n. shaping the surrounds
of headlights, tail lights, number
plate frames, etc. into a smooth
contour when customizing, so
that the actual lights, etc. recede
a little towards the interior of the
panel aperture and the chrome
bezel or other surround looks as
though it is part of the body panel:
Đường viền, đường bao
Freon-12 (R-12) n. refrigerant
used in air conditioners: Môi chất
làm lạnh R-12
frequency n. in relation to a radio
station, number of cycles per
second expressed in hertz at
which it broadcasts: Tần số
frequency modulation (FM) = system
of broad-casting using VHF: Sóng
FM (radio)
frequency range = bandwidth: Độ
rộng băng tần, dãi đài (radio)
frequency scan button = button
which, when pressed, causes the
tuner to scan the frequencies of
the preset waveband for stations
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
friction
with sufficient signal strength: Nút
rà, quét tần số để dò đài
l frequency valve n. valve fitted
in the fuel distributor of some
vehicles with a continuous
injection system and catalytic
converter, which continually
adjusts the air/fuel ratio to
varying engine operating
conditions, being controlled by
a voltage signal supplied by the
oxygen sensor and by an ECM:
Van điều chỉnh tỷ lệ hoà khí (phun
K)
fretting corrosion n. corrosion
occurring where two surfaces are
in contact and friction results, e.g.
at mechanical joints in vibrating
structures: Sự ăn mòn do tiếp xúc
friction n. force which opposes the
relative motion of two bodies: Sự
ma sát
l frictional a. caused by the friction
between moving parts: Do ma sát
l friction bearing n. = plain bearing
l friction clutch n. conventional
clutch transmitting drive by
mechanical friction, as opposed
to a fluid coupling: Ly hợp ma sát
l friction damper n. = friction
shock absorber: Bộ giảm xóc
kiểu ma sát
191
frogeye
l friction horsepower (FHP) n.
power consumed by frictional
losses: Công suất tiêu hao do
ma sát
l friction lining n. wear-resistant
friction material used for clutch
and brake linings: Lớp bố
l friction losses n. loss of power
due to friction between the
moving parts of the engine: Tổn
hao công suất do ma sát
l friction pad n. = brake pad: Bố
phanh
l friction plate n. driven plate of a
clutch to which the friction lining
is attached: Đĩa ma sát
l friction shock absorber n. shock
absorber in which friction discs
are inserted at the point where
the two arms are joined, now no
longer used in car suspensions:
Bộ giảm xóc kiểu ma sát
l friction welding n. welding
process in which two surfaces
are heated by means of friction;
when melting has occurred at the
interface, pressure is maintained
to consolidate the weld during
cooling of the material: Kỹ thuật
hàn ma sát
frogeye n. (informal) nickname for
the Series 1 Austin-Healey Sprite
192
front
produced from 1858-1962, which
had the headlamps projecting
above the bonnet line: Xe có đèn
đầu kiểu mắt ếch
front n. (a) front seats of a car:
Phía trước
(b) = front end
l frontal crash or impact n. = front-
end impact: Sự va chạm phần
đầu xe
l front apron n. panel behind and
below the front bumper, joining
the bottom ends of the front
wings: Tấm chắn phía trước
l front axle n. axle to which the
front wheels are attached: Cầu
trước
l front-axle/ rear-axle split = dual-
circuit braking system in which
one circuit brakes the front axle
only, the other circuit brakes the
rear axle only: Phanh được phân
chia hai mạch cho cầu trước và
cầu sau
l front-axle and rear-axle split =
dual-circuit braking system in
which each circuit brakes both
the front axle and the rear axle:
Sự phân chia mạch dầu cho cả
hai cầu (phanh)
l front bumper n. bumper
protecting the front of the vehicle,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
front differential
combined in modern cars with
a front spoiler or air dam: Thanh
cản phía trước
l front differential n. differential
in the front axle of a four-wheel
drive vehicle: Bộ vi sai phía trước
(4WD)
l front disc/ rear drum brakes n.
typical brake system layout in
less expensive cars: Loại phanh
trống bánh sau, phanh đĩa bánh
trước
l front end n. body area
incorporating the leading edge
of the wings, the head-lights,
radiator grille and bumper, i.e. the
full area that makes up the frontal
appearance of the car: Đầu xe
l front-end impact = impact as the
result of a head-on collision: Sự
va chạm phần đầu xe
l front engine n. engine located
at the front of a vehicle above
the front suspension, the most
common layout, which may be
combined with either rear-wheel
or front-wheel drive: Động cơ đặt
phía trước
l front nose section n. front section
of car bodies that use one single
structure to make up the front end,
i.e. including the radiator grille
surround, both wings, front apron,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
front spoiler
etc.: Phần phía trước đầu xe
l front panel n. panel joining
the front wings and forming a
mounting for the headlamps,
grille and air ducts into the engine
compartment, which is often
identical with the front apron
where no separate apron is fitted
below the front panel: Phần
khung trước đầu xe
l front pillar n. = A-pillar: Cột trụ
nghiêng phía trước của khung
cửa trước
l front pipe n. first section of the
exhaust system from the exhaust
manifold to the silencer Ống giảm
âm phía trước
l front seat n. seat in the front of
the passenger cabin for the front
seat passenger: Ghế trước
lthe front seats = the front
passenger’s and driver’s seats:
Ghế trước
l front silencer n. first and main
silencer in an exhaust system
where there are two: Bộ giảm âm
phía trước
l front spoiler n. air deflector on
the front of a car, aerodynamically
designed to cut the wind
resistance around the car, for
improving handling control,
stability, traction, and better fuel
193
front suspension fuel cut-off switch

economy: Tấm điều chỉnh độ tích năng (phun K)

ngẩng phía trước
fuel additive n. preparation added
l front suspension n. assembly of to fuel to improve its properties:
linkages and springs supporting Chất phụ gia thêm vào trong
the front wheels: Hệ thống treo nhiên liệu
phía trước
l fuel cap n. cap on the top of the
l front-wheel drive (FWD) n.
tube leading to the fuel tank: Nắp
configuration in which the drive is
bình nhiên liệu
taken from the engine to the front
wheels, which propel the vehicle: l fuel charge n. air/ fuel mixture
Xe cầu trước chủ động delivered to the combustion

FSH = full service history chamber: Sự nạp hòa khí

FTP = Federal Test Procedure: Quy l fuel computer n. = fuel

trình kiểm tra xe liên bang consumption indicator: Đồng hồ
báo mức tiêu hao nhiên liệu
FTP test cycle = method of testing
automotive emissions for l fuel consumption n. amount
compliance with emission of fuel used, expressed in miles
standards by simulating typical per gallon in Britain and the
driving conditions – which differs USA, whereas the international
from other test cycles such as the measure is litres per 100
European ECE test, so that the kilometres. In US English, it is
results cannot be compared: Chu
fuel mileage: Lượng nhiên liệu
kỳ kiểm tra xe cấp liên bang
tiêu hao
fuel n. substance burned as a
l fuel consumption indicator =
source of heat of power, that
instrument using a flowmeter
used in an engine being a liquid
to indicate mpg at any given
or a gas: Nhiên liệu
moment on a journey: Đồng hồ
fuel accumulator n. device in the
báo mức tiêu hao nhiên liệu
K-Jetronic fuel injection system
which serves to absorb the initial l fuel cut-off switch n. = fuel pump
pressure surge when a fuel pump (shut-off) switch: Công tắc cắt
starts: Bộ tích lũy nhiên liệu, bộ nhiên liệu

194 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

fuel-injected engine
l fuel distributor n. device
constituting the mixture control
unit together with the airflow
sensor: Bộ phân phối nhiên liệu,
bộ chia xăng (kiểu k)
l fuel economy n. = fuel consumption:
tính kinh tế nhiên liệu
l fuel filler flap n. usually locking
flap which has to be opened to
gain access to the fuel cap: Nắp
khóa chỗ đổ xăng
l fuel filler neck = upper end of the
fuel filler tube leading down to the
fuel tank, which accepts the fuel
hose nozzle at the filling station:
Cổ ống đổ nhiên liệu (từ cây
xăng)
l fuel filler tube = tube leading
down to the fuel tank: Ống dẫn
nhiên liệu xuống thùng
l fuel filter n. filter in the fuel line
intended to prevent any dirt from
passing into the carburettor or
injection system: Lọc nhiên liệu
l fuel gauge n. instrument which
shows the amount of fuel in the
fuel tank: Đồng hồ mực xăng
fuel-injected engine n. petrol engine
with a fuel injection system rather
than a carburettor or carburettors:
Động cơ phun xăng
l fuel injection (FI) n. system used
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
fuel line
in all diesel engines and most
modern petrol engines, in which
fuel is sprayed under pressure
into the engine, and not sucked
as with a carburettor: Sự phun
nhiên liệu
l fuel injection engine = petrol
engine with a fuel injection
system: Động cơ phun xăng
l fuel injection pump = pump which
receives fuel from the fuel tank
(often through the fuel-feed pump
in the case of diesel engines) and
delivers it under pressure to the
injectors: Bơm cao áp
l fuel injector n. injector in a fuel
injection system which sprays
petrol into the inlet ports, or diesel
either directly into the combustion
chamber or into a pre-chamber:
Kim phun
fuel line n. metal, plastic or
rubber pipe conveying fuel from
the fuel tank to the fuel pump
and carburettor or fuel injectors:
Đường ống dẫn nhiên liệu
l fuel mileage n. fuel consumption
l fuel pressure n. pressure
under which fuel is delivered to
the injectors by the fuel pump,
governed by the pressure
regulator: Áp suất nhiên liệu
195
fuel pump
l fuel pump n. electrical or
mechanical device in the fuel
system which draws fuel from
the fuel tank and delivers it to
the carburettor or fuel injection
system: Bơm nhiên liệu
fuel pump (shut-off) switch = switch
which shuts off the electric fuel
pump and fuel to the engine in
the even of a major collision:
Công tắc ngắt bơm nhiên liệu (khi
tai nạn)
l fuel rail n. manifold tube feeding
the injectors in a fuel injection
system: Đường ống dẫn nhiên
liệu đến kim phun
l fuel return line n. pipe returning
surplus fuel to the tank from the
carburettor (s) or an injector:
Đường ống hồi nhiên liệu về
thùng
l fuel starvation n. failure of the
fuel system to supply sufficient
fuel to allow the engine to run
properly, due to a blockage or
vapour lock or malfunction of the
fuel pump: Sự thiếu nhiên liệu
l fuel supply n. delivery of fuel
to the carburettor or injection
system: Sự cung cấp nhiên liệu,
sự tiếp vận nhiên liệu
l fuel system n. system that
delivers the fuel and air to the
196
full bore
engine cylinders, comprising the
fuel tank and lines, fuel pump,
carburettor or fuel injection
system, and inlet manifold: Hệ
thống nhiên liệu
l fuel tank n. reservoir from which
fuel is taken for the engine: Bình,
thùng nhiên liệu
fuel tank sender = level sensor in the
fuel tank, providing information
to the fuel gauge: Cảm biến mực
nhiên liệu
fuel vapour n. (a) atomized air/
fuel mixture heated in the engine,
ready for combustion: Hòa khí
với nhiên liệu đã bốc hơi
fumes given off by a fuel: Bốc hơi
nhiên liệu
l fuel vapour recirculation system
= evaporative emission control
system: Hệ thống kiểm soát ô
nhiễm do hơi xăng
fulcrum n. point on which a part
pivots, especially a lever: Điểm
tựa chốt quay, trục bản lề
l fulcrum pin = pin which acts as a
pivot, such as a kingpin: Trục quay
full bore n. = full throttle: Bướm ga
mở hoàn toàn
l full-flow filter n. filter through
which all the oil in the engine
passes: Bầu lọc dầu
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
full load
l full load n. engine operating
conditions where the accelerator
is fully depressed, i.e. the throttle
is fully open, which does not
necessarily mean high engine
speed: Đầy tải (đạp ga lớn)
l full load enrichment = provision of
a richer mixture when the throttle
is fully opened: Sự làm giàu hỗn
hợp khi đầy tải
l full lock: Góc quẹo (bánh xe) lớn
nhất
l full service history (FSH) n.
documents which show all the
work carried out on a vehicle,
especially the regular services
required by the manufacturer: Sổ
bảo dưỡng xe
l full-size car n. largest type of
car according to American car
categories: Loại xe cỡ lớn nhất
l full throttle n. fully open position
of the throttle. In US English, it is
wide open throttle: Cánh bướm
ga mở hoàn toàn
l at full throttle = with the throttle
fully open: Với bướm ga mở hoàn
toàn
l to be going full throttle or full bore
= to be going as fast as one
can, with the accelerator fully
depressed: Đạp hết ga
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
functional
l full throttle enrichment = full load
enrichment: Sự làm giàu hoà khí
khi đầy tải
l full-time four-wheel drive n. =
permanent four-wheel drive
FEI = Full Electronic Ignition n.
distributorless, mapped ignition
system with cylinder-selective
knock control, dwell-angle
control, and digital idling speed
stabilization: Sự điều khiển đánh
lửa hoàn toàn bằng điện tử
l fully floating axle n. live rear
axle assembly in which the
axle shafts, the total vehicle
weight and cornering loads
being transferred directly from
the wheel bearings to the axle
housing: Bán trục chịu tải hoàn
toàn, cầu xe treo hoàn toàn
l fully galvanized body n. body shell
which, apart from aluminium and
plastic parts, is produced entirely
of double-sided galvanized steel
and galvanizing fluid: Thân xe
được mạ kẽm hoàn toàn
fumes n. evil-smelling vapours given
off by a liquid or a gas, which may
be poisonous: Khí có mùi
functional a. (a) capable of working:
Có thể hoạt động
(b) practical, designed not for
decoration but solely with a
197
funnel
particular use in mind: Thiết thực,
hữu dụng
funnel n. cup-shaped object tapering
at the bottom to a small hole and
a spout, used for pouring oil,
fuel or water into relatively small
openings: Cái phễu
fuse 1 n. device containing a thin
piece of wire which melts when
the current is excessive and
thus opens the electrical circuit
in which it is placed, to protect
equipment in the circuit: Cầu chì
2 v. (a) to melt, and (sometimes)
198
FWD
become united in the process:
Tan ra, chảy ra
(b) (of electrical equipment) to fail
as the result of a fuse blowing:
Không hoạt động do đứt cầu chì
l fuse box n. unit with a removable
cover that holds the fuses for
the various electrical circuits,
which are all routed through it:
Hộp cầu chì
FWD = Front-Wheel Drive Or Four-
Wheel Drive: Xe cầu trước chủ
động hoặc xe hai cầu chủ động
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
g galvannealing
Gg
g (symbol for) acceleration of free
fall due to gravity: Gia tốc trọng
trường.
gage n. In US English, it is gauge:
Máy đo, sự đo đạc
gaiter n. boot (b): Vỏ chụp, vỏ chắn bụi
GAL = gallon
galfan: trademark for a special type
of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
with a coating consisting of a zinc
alloy containing 5% Aluminium
and rare earths: Tên thương mại
của một loại thép tráng hợp kim
kẽm nhôm
Gallon n. unit of capacity: gallon -
Đơn vị đo dung tích.
1 British gallon is equal to 4.546
litres. 1 US gallon is equal to
3.785 litres.
galvanic a. concerned with an
electrical current: Liên quan đến
dòng điện
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
l galvanic cell = cell which converts
chemical energy into electrical
energy by irreversible chemical
reactions: Pin điện
l galvanic corrosion = corrosion
due to the action of a galvanic:
Sự ăn mòn điện hóa
galvanize v. to plate with zinc by hot
dipping or electrodeposition (to
protect from rust): Mạ kẽm
l galvanized coating = zinc (based)
coating applied by galvanizing:
Lớp kẽm mạ
l galvanizing n. application of
zinc coatings on the surface
of a metal, by hot dipping or
electrodeposition: Sự mạ
l galvanizing bath = bath for
hot-dip galvanizing or electro-
galvanizing: Bồn mạ
galvannealing n. thermal process
which gives improved adhesion to
199
gamma layer
hot-dip galvanized steel sheets:
Quá trình nung trước khi mạ để
tăng độ bám
gamma layer n. part of the zinc-iron
alloy layer on hot-dip galvanized
iron and steel containing 21-28%
iron: Lớp mạ gamma (Zn-Fe)
gantry n. structure with an overhead
beam, used for lifting out an
engine: Cần trục nhấc động cơ
(ra khỏi xe)
gap n. space between two parts,
especially between electric
points: Khe hở, độ hở
l gap bridging = formation of carbon
or other deposits across the
sparking plug gap which shortens
the plug: Sự đóng chấu bu-gi
l gap style = the arrangement of
electrodes in a parking plug: Các
kiểu bố trí điện cực bu-gi
l gapper n. feeler gauge: Cỡ lá
garage 1 n. (a) building in which
to keep a motor vehicle (b)
premises on which motor vehicle
are repaired or serviced and/ or
where fuel is sold: Garage, nhà
để ô tô
2 v. to keep in a garage: Giữ ô tô
trong garage
l garaged a. kept in a garage.
200
gaseous
In advertisements, it is often
abbreviated to gar’d: Giữ trong
garage
l garage jack n. powerful hydraulic
jack used in garages: Cầu nâng
thủy lực dùng trong garage
garter spring n. long, thin coil spring
with ends joined to form a ring:
Lò xo tròn (trong bạc nhớt)
gas n. (a) state of matter, like air,
which has no definite shape or
volume: Trạng thái khí
(b) gasoline: khí đốt, xăng
l step on the gas = put your foot
down on the accelerator, i.e. go
faster: Tăng ga
l gas chamber n. pressure chamber
of a single-tube shock absorber:
Buồng áp suất của giảm xóc một
ống
l gas damper n. gas shock
absorber: Bộ giảm chấn khí
gas discharge headlight n. motor
vehicle headlight with a gas
discharge lamp: Đèn đầu loại nén
khí
l gas discharge lamp = discharge
lamp in which light is generated
by gas discharge: Bóng đèn sáng
nhờ phóng khí
gaseous a. referring to gas: Thể khí
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
gas guzzler
l gaseous discharge headlight or
lamp = gas discharge headlight or
lamp: Đèn đầu hoặc bóng đèn khí
l gas flow n. flow of the air /fuel
mixture or the exhaust gases in
an engine: Dòng khí (hòa khí
hoặc khí thải)
gas guzzler n. car that uses a lot of
petrol: Xe hao xăng
gasket n. seal: Đệm kín, roong
l gasket punch = tool used to cut
holes in gaskets and other soft
materials: Cái đột lỗ roong
l gasket scraper = scraper with a
chisel edge for scraping surfaces
clean before installing new
gaskets such as water-pump,
cylinder head, crankcase or
timing chain cover gaskets: Dụng
cụ cạo roong
gasohol n. a gasoline/ alcohol blend
containing 10% ethanol and 90%
unleaded petrol: Hỗn hợp xăng
và cồn
gasoline n. US = petrol: Xăng
gas pedal n. US = accelerator: Bàn
đạp ga
gas prop n. gas-assisted strut (e.g.
of hatch, tailgate): Trụ chống trợ
lực khí (cửa đuôi, ca-pô)
gas pump n. US = petrol pump
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
gauge
gas shock (absorber) n. gas-assisted
shock absorber: Bộ giảm chấn khí.
gas spring n. pressurized, nitrogen-
filled sphere, used in Hydragas
and hydropneumatic suspension
systems: Lò xo (đệm) khí (hệ
thống treo)
gassing n. the formation of explosive
gas in the form of small bubbles
in a battery when charging
continues after the battery has
been completely charge: Sự sủi
bọt khí trong accu báo nạp no
gas station n. US = FILLING
STATION, PETROL STATION:
Trạm (cây) xăng
gas-tight n. sealed to prevent the
passage of gas: Sự làm kín để
chống rò khí
gas welding n. welding process
widely used in body repair shops
(now being gradually replaced
by MIG welding), also called oxy-
acetylene welding. Kỹ thuật hàn
gió đá, hàn hơi
gate n. slotted plate in the shape of
an H, controlling the movements
of a gear lever in a sliding mesh
geaxbox (pre-1930s): Tấm dẫn
hướng cần sang số
gauge or US gage n. (a) tool for
checking whether clearances
201
GAWR
between parts, or the shape and
dimensions of pieces being
worked comply with specified
tolerance requirements: Dụng
cụ đo
(b) instrument for measuring a
quantity; typical gauge are fuel
level, coolant temperature,
and oil pressure gauges on an
instrument, and oil pressure
gauges on an instrument panel
and oil pressure gauges to
measure the pressure of air in a
tyre: Đồng hồ đo
(c) the thickness or diameter of
various materials such as wire
or sheet metal: Bề dày hoặc
đường kính
GAWR = Gross Axle Weight Rating:
Mức tổng tải trọng trục xe
G-clamp n. screw-activated clamping
device in the shape of a G: Cái
kẹp hình chữ G
gear n. (a) toothed wheel connecting
with another wheel of different
diameter to change the power
ratio of the engine: Bánh răng
l gears = arrangement of gear-
wheel working together: Bộ
bánh răng
(b) one of the combination of
gear; (a) in a gearbox that a driver
202
gear level
selects to impart motion to a car:
Hộp số
l gearbox n. metal casing for the
gear (a) assembly. In US English,
it is gearcase or transmission:
Hộp số
l gearbox input shaft = shaft which
transmits power from the clutch to
the gearbox: Đầu trục vào hộp số
l gearbox output shaft = shaft
which transmits the drive out of
the gearbox: Đầu trục ra hộp số
l gearcase n. gearbox: Hộp số
l gearchange n. process of changing
gears. In US English, it is shifting:
Sự sang số.
l gearchange cables = cables that in
rare cases operate the gearbox;
normally a system of rods and
joints (linkages) are used: Dây
cáp sang số
l gearchange linkage or mechanism
= systems of rods and joints used
to operate the gearbox: Cơ cấu
sang số
l gear knob n. knob at the end of a
gear lever: Nút bấm sang số (trên
cần số)
l gear level or gearstick = stick used
by the driver to change to gear in
a manual gearbox. In US English,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
gear pump
it is gearshift, shifter, shift lever:
Cần số
l gear oil n. motor oil used in gear
boxes and final drives; usually of
higher viscosity than engine oil:
Dầu hộp số
l gear puller n. puller with two or
more jaws and pressure screw for
pulling off gears, bearing, pulleys,
etc.: Cảo tháo bánh răng, puli
gear pump or gear-type oil pump n.
simplest oil pump with two-gear
wheels: Bơm bánh răng
gear range n. choice of gears in an
automatic gearbox; the typical gear
ranges are: P-Park, R-Reverse, N-
Neutral, D-Drive, L-Low: Dãy số,
tay số (hộp số tự động)
gear ratio n. the number of
revolutions of driving gear
required to turn a driven gear
through one complete revolution:
Tỉ số truyền bánh răng
gear selector n. lever that selects
the gear in an automatic gearbox:
Cần số trong hộp số tự động
gear selector indicator = indicator
positioned in the instrument
cluster or on the centre console
shift gate indicating which gear
has been selected in an automatic
gearbox: Đèn báo số
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
General Motor
l gearshift n. gearchange: Sự
sang số
l gearstick n = gear lever: Cần số
l gear tooth n. indentation on the
edge of a gearwheel: Răng bánh
răng
l gear train n. system of gears that
transmits drive from one shaft
to another: Sự truyền động bánh răng
l gear-type oil pump n. = gear pump:
Bơm bánh răng
l gearwheel n. =gear: Bánh răng
gel 1 n. substance like a jelly: Gel,
chất sệt
2 v. to become a gel: Trở nên sệt
l gelling drier n. drier for PVC
sealants: Máy làm khô nhựa trám
Gemmer steering n. = cam-and roller
steering: Hệ thống lái Gemmer
(cam và bi đũa)
general corrosion n. in contrast to
pitting, a type of corrosion which
affects the entire surface of a
metal: Sự ăn mòn toàn bộ bề mặt
General Motor (GM) n. American
vehicle manufacturer ; the largest
in the world. British subsidiary is
Vauxhall and the other European
subsidiary is Opel: Công ty sản
xuất ô tô GM của Mỹ
203
general purpose lacquer thinner
general purpose lacquer thinner n. a
type of thinner that may be used
for both lacquers and synthetic
enamels without causing lifting or
other paint faults: Chất pha sơn
đa năng
general purpose pliers n. any kind of
typical multi-purpose pliers: Kìm
đa năng
generate v. to produce: Phát ra, đưa
ra, sản sinh
l generator n. (a) any type of
automotive electric power
generator, such as an alternator
or dynamo: Máy phát
(b) dynamo
geometry n. design, layout or
arrangement of parts: Sơ đồ bố
trí girder spanner n. adjustable
spanner with jaws at right angles
to the handle: Mỏ lếch răng
GL (short for) Grand Luxe, meaning
more luxurious than a standard
model. Chữ viết tắt biểu thị kiểu
xe sang hơn xe tiêu chuẩn.
gland n. seal that stops fluid under
pressure leaking past a rotating
or reciprocating shaft or rod: Nắp
đệm, miếng đệm, vòng đệm kín,
phốt (đầu trục)
l glandless a. without a seal: Không
có đệm
204
Glass Reinforced Plastic
l glare 1 n. strong, bright light (e.g.
from oncoming traffic): Ánh sáng
chói từ xe đối diện
2 v. to shine too brightly; to dazzle:
Làm chói mắt
l glass n. window pane: Kính cửa
l glass area = the window surface
area of a vehicle body; may also
refer to the whole area of the
body above the waist line: Vùng
kính, diện tích kính
l glass channel = window channel:
Rãnh đặt kính
l glass fibre n. a very thin glass
thread, used loosely or in woven
form as an acoustic, electrical, or
thermal insulating in laminated
plastics: Sợi thủy tinh
l glass holder n. tool with suction
cup(s) to hold and carry glass:
Dụng cụ giữ kính bằng chén chân
không
l glasspaper n. abrasive paper
coated with particles of glass,
used for smoothing and polishing:
Giấy nhám mịn
l Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP)
n. the basic material for the
manufacture of fibreglass body
shells and panels; it is made up of
several layers of fibreglass mat or
cloth and various types of resins:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Glass’s Guide
Nhựa được gia cố thủy tinh
Glass’s Guide n. monthly publication
of second-hand car prices: Nguyệt
san quảng cáo in giá xe cũ
glass seal n. a conducting seal in
the middle of some sparking plug
insulators connecting the top
and bottom parts of the central
electrode: Đệm ở giữa điện cực
trung tâm bu-gi
l glass tampering detector n. part
of a vehicle alarm system that
detects glass being struck or
broken: Cảm biến báo vỡ kính
(hệ thống báo động)
glaze n. smooth, polished surface:
Sự nhẵn bóng
l glaze breaker = cylinder hone:
Đá mài xi-lanh
glazing n. glass fitted (or to be fitted)
in a window: Sự lắp kính (cửa)
l glazing strip = moulded rubber
strip for mounting windscreens
and other fixed glass: Roong kính
gloss n. shine on a surface; lustre:
Nước bóng , nước láng
glove compartment or (US) glovebox
n. small compartment in the
dashboard for sundry objects: Hộp
đựng đồ, ngăn chứa găng tay
glow v. to burn without flames: Xông,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
GM
hâm nóng (không có ngọn lửa)
l glow coil n. filament in a glow
plug: Dây tóc của bougie xông.
l glow pencil n. pencil-like heating
element of a sheathed-type glow
plug: Đầu bu-gi xông dạng bút chì
glow plug n. the most important
component in a preheating
system of a diesel engine, used
to preheat the intake air or the
combustion chamber when the
engine is cold, also called heater
plug: Bu-gi xông máy
l glow plug indicator = monitoring
element in a preheater system,
which changes the colour of its
filament in line with the plug and
indicating readiness for starting:
Đèn báo xông máy
l glow plug / starter switch =
key switch for turning on the
preheating system of a diesel
engine and starting the car: Công
tắc xông máy
glow time n. preheating time of a
diesel engine: Thời gian xông
trước
glow tube n. = glow plug: Bu-gi
xông máy
glycol see ethyleneglycol
GM = General Motors: Công ty ô tô
GM của Mỹ
205
go dull
go dull or flat v. to lose (the) shine:
Làm mờ, làm đục
goggles n.protective spectacles
against dust and glare: Kính bảo
hộ.
gold plating n. electrolytic deposition
of gold: Sự mạ vàng.
go off v. to begin to harden, the
initial phase of the hardening
process of plastic body fillers. In
US English, it is kick: Bắt đầu
cứng (bột matit)
goose neck map light n. flexible-
stemmed map lamp: Đèn đọc
sách xoay được (cổ ngỗng)
gouge n. a flat, relatively large dent
that has no hard contours so it can
be reshaped by shrinking using
heat or with a hammer and dolly:
Cái đục, cái đục khum (làm đồng)
governor n. (a) engine speed
regulator: Bộ điều tốc (động cơ)
(b) (automatic transmission control)
transmission regulator: Bộ điều
chỉnh hộp số
governor plate n. = contact breaker
plate: Mâm lửa
governor pressure n. (automatic
transmission control) pressure
that varies in accordance with
vehicle speed and acts on
206
gradient
the command valves, where it
opposes the control pressure: Áp
suất làm việc (hộp số)
governor valves n. automatic
transmission control, valve
which converts line pressure
into vehicle-speed dependent
governor pressure: Van ly tâm
governor weight n. centrifugal
advance mechanism, advance
weight: Trọng lượng ly tâm, quả
văng trong delco
grab v. (a) (brake) to come on
suddenly when the brake pedal is
pressed: Phanh đột ngột
(b) (clutch) to take up the drive
suddenly when the clutch pedal is
released, also callde snatch: Bắt
đột ngột (giật) khi nhả ly hợp
l grab handle n. (a) part of a car
door interior used to pull the door
shut: Tay kéo ca-pô bên trong
grade n. degree of sandpaper
coarseness: độ thô của giấy
nhám
gradient n.(i) the slope or inclination
of a road (ii) a measure of this,
expressed as the ratio of height
(or drop) to horizontal distance; a
steep hill might be 1 in 4, whilst
a gradual slope might be 1 in 10:
Dốc, độ dốc
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
graduated tint gravity-feed spray gun

graduated tint n. tinted stripe at the frequency ranges; individual

upper edge of the windscreen: frequencies can be emphasized
Vành roong kính to compensate for specific
acoustic conditions: Nút chỉnh
grain alcohol n. ethanol: Cồn thực vật
tần số âm thanh
grain coarsening or grain growth n.
graphite n. form of carbon used in
roughening of the surface of a
marking brushes for motors and
material: Trở nên xù xì
generators and as a lubricant:
Grand Luxe (GL) n. GL model = Than chì
more luxurious model than a
l graphite grease = heavy-duty
standard: Kiểu sang trọng hơn
grease containing graphite, used
loại tiêu chuẩn
for brake cables, etc.: Mỡ grafit
Grand Prix n. international car race
l graphitic corrosion = selective
from which points are scored
corrosion of grey cast iron,
towards the World Championship:
resulting in preferential removal
Giải đua xe vô địch thế giới
of metallic constituents, leaving
grand touring or gran turismo see gt graphite: Sự ăn mòn gan xám

grand touring –injection see GTI grass (heat) shield n. metal shield
fitted underneath a catalytic
graph n. diagram showing the
converter to reduce the risk of its
relationship between certain
heat starting an accidental grass
numbers or quantities in the form
fire: Tấm chắn nhiệt phía dưới bộ
of a line: Đồ thị, biểu đồ
xúc tác
l graphic display unit n. dash-
gravel gun n. equipment used to
board panel displaying a plan
hurl crushed stone at objects,
of the car with illuminated parts
such as test panels, to test them
representing doors left open,
for chipping resistance: Ống phun
lights switched on, etc.: Biểu
sỏi (để kiểm nghiệm lớp sơn)
tượng xe trên tableau để báo cửa
chưa đóng gravity feed n. a fuel supply layout
formerly used for two-stroke car
l graphic equalizer n. unit in a car engines: Sự cung cấp nhiên liệu
stereo system that adjusts the nhờ trọng lực (hai kỳ)
audio output signal strength
separately for individual gravity-feed spray gun n. type of

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 207

grease
spray gun, in which paint flows
downward from a container
situated on top of it, thereby
reducing the amount of
compressed air required: Súng
phun sơn nhờ trọng lực
grease 1 n. thick, viscous lubricant
for machinery made from oil and
metallic soaps: Dầu nhờn, mỡ
l grease gun = hand pump tool
used for lubricating with grease:
Bình bơm mỡ (bóp tay)
l grease nipple = small, one-way
valve used for injecting grease
into a bearing: Núm để bơm mỡ
vào ổ bi
2 v. to lubricate or coat with grease:
Bôi mỡ, bơm mỡ
greenhouse n. glass area: Nhà kính
green stage n. the initial hardening
phase during which the resin or
filler has hardened but has not yet
set solid; this occurs immediately
after the resin or filler has gone off:
giai đoạn đặc lại của matit (sơn)
grid n. in a battery, the metal plate
with holes, used as a conductor
and a support for the active
material: Tấm vỉ (lưới) bản cực
grid-controlled ignition (system)
n. microprocessor-controlled
ignition system with electronic
208
grip blasting
ignition timing by means of an
ignition map stored in the control
unit memory: Hệ thống đánh lửa
được điều khiển bằng vi xử lý
grille n. grating that admits cooling
air to the radiator: Vỉ bộ tản nhiệt
(két nước)
grind v. to smooth or polish by friction
or abrasion: Mài, giũa, rà
l grinding disc n. abrasive disc:
Đĩa mài
l grinding paste = abrasive paste
used for reseating valves: Cát
xoáy (xú-páp)
l grinding wheel = abrasive wheel
used for grinding (usually a
composite of hand particles in a
resin filler): Đá mài (tròn)
l grindstone n. rotating abrasive
disc for rubbing away metal and
for sharpening tools: Đá mài
grip n. adhesion of a tyre to the road
surface; important for roadholding
and safe braking: Độ bám (vỏ xe
với mặt đường)
l grip in the wet = a vehicle’s
roadholding ability in the rain or
on a wet surface: Độ bám trong
điều kiện ẩm ướt
grip wrench n. = locking pliers: Kìm
bấm
grip blasting n. (a) the most popular
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
grit number
sandblasting process; grit is used
to clean the metal surfaces and
is available in various grades for
coarse or finer blasting on thin
steel (b) cleaning the sparking
plug electrodes by bombarding
them with abrasive particles: Làm
sạch bằng phun cát
grit number n. classification of
sandpapers by fineness of the
grit particles: Ký hiệu phân loại
giấy nhám
grommet n. rubber or plastic ring
round a hole in metal (to protect
a cable or pipe): Roong buối dây
(để bảo vệ dây khi đi qua lỗ)
groove n. (a) any machined channel
or hollow (b) the space between
thread ridges: Đường rãnh dài,
rãnh ren
grooved compression ring n. scraper
type piston ring: Bạc, xéc-măng
có rãnh
grooving hammer n. wide-nose peen
hammer: Búa đầu có rãnh
gross axle weight rating (gawr) n.
(US) maximum specified load
capacity of an axle: Tải trọng cực
đại của cầu (trục)
l GVW = Gross Vehicle Weight
n. total weight of a vehicle in any
given circumstance (i.e. with or
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ground
without passengers, luggage etc.):
Trọng lượng tổng cộng của xe
l gross weight n. = gross vehicle
weight: Trọng lượng tổng cộng
(của xe)
ground n. return path of an electrical
systems, which in a motor vehicle
is provided by the metal body and
chassis. In US English, it is earth:
Dây nối đất, nối mass
l ground clearance n. vertical
distance between level ground
and the lowest fixed item on a
vehicle: Khoảng sáng gầm xe
l ground clearance control =
small level near the handbrake
of cars with hydropneumatic
suspension that allows ground
clearance to be increased for
crossing rough terrain or when
changing a wheel: Sự điểu khiển
khoảng sáng gầm xe
l ground clearance sensor =
instrument that senses the
distance between ground and car
(for self-levelling air suspension):
Cảm biến khoảng sáng gầm xe
l ground contact area n. = contact
patch: Vùng tiếp xúc
l grounding n. touching the ground
(as when a long vehicle goes
over a humpback bridge): Sự
209
growler
chạm đất (khi qua cầu)
growler n. electromagnetic device
used to find short circuits in coils:
Thiết bị kiểm tra sự chập mạch
trong cuộn dây
grown tyre n. tyre that, with use, has
slightly increased in size: Bánh
xe lớn
GRP n. = Glass Reinforced Plastic
grub screw n. fully threaded,
headless screw: Gu-rông
GT = Grand Touring or Gran Turismo,
indicating better performance than
a standard car model: Ký hiệu kiểu
xe tốt hơn loại tiêu chuẩn
l GTI = Grand Touring-injection: a
GT model with fuel injection: Kiểu
xe GT với hệ thống phun nhiên liệu
gudgeon pin n. pin in a piston which
links the piston to the small end
of the connecting rod. In US
English, it is piston pin, wrist pin:
Chốt, ắc pít-tông
l gudgeon pin boss = the material
below the piston crown (joined to
the skirt) which carries the gudgeon
pin: Vấu lồi tại chốt pít-tông
l gudgeon pin circlip = circlip used
to secure the piston ring laterally in
the piston: Vòng phe chốt pít-tông
Guibo coupling n. doughnut-shaped
210
GV
type of flexible coupling Guibo:
Khớp nối mềm
guillotine n. bench tool for cutting
sheet metal: Máy cắt tấm kim loại
gull-wing door n. roof-hinged door
that opens upwards; first used
on the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL in
the early 1950s: Cửa mở đứng
gulp valve n. vacuum-controlled
valve that admits fresh air
to the inlet manifold during
deceleration to prevent backfiring
in the exhaust system; its
vacuum signal is governed by a
themovalve and a solenoid valve
to ensure that the gulp valve
action does not interfere with cold
start enrichment: Van chân không
điều khiển nạp khí
gum deposit n. sticky deposit that
occurs if petrol remains unused in
the tank for a period of time; the
use of detergent in petrol helps
prevent it: Sự bám dính của cặn
trong thùng xăng khi để lâu
gun v. (informal) to press the
accelerator hard: Đạp ga khó
(cứng)
gutter n. channel at the edge of a
road to carry rain water: Rãnh
nước, máng nước.
GV= Governor Valve
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
H Hall element
Hh
H (a) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (210 km/h or
130 mph): Ký tự trên vỏ xe chỉ thị
tốc độ tối đa của xe là 210 km/h
(b) SI symbol for Henry: Đơn vị đo
độ tự cảm
hacksaw n. handsaw for cutting
metal, with a narrow blade
attached to a frame: Cái cưa sắt
(cưa bằng tay)
hairline crack n. tiny stress crack
which forms due to strains in the
material or extreme temperature
differences; as opposed to
crazing, a single crack of this type
will often occur alone: Vết rạn nứt
nhỏ (sơn)
half-round body file n. body file with
domed file surface for working
reversecrowned panels: Giũa
thân hình bán nguyệt
half-shaft n. shaft between the
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
differential and the drive wheel:
Bán trục
Hall effect n. in electrical conductors
where electric current flows
perpendicular to a magnetic
field, a so-called Hall voltage is
produced perpendicular to the
direction of current flow and to
the magnetic field: Hiệu ứng Hall
Hall-effect ignition system =
transistorized ignition with Hall
generator: Hệ thống đánh lửa
dùng cảm biến Hall
Hall-effect sensor = Hall generator:
Cảm biến Hall
Hall-effect switch = Hall vane switch:
Công tắc hiệu ứng Hall
Hall element or Hall generator n.
pulse generator that makes use
of the Hall effect and consists of
a rotor with vanes, a conductive
element with a permanent
magnet and the Hall IC: Phần tử
211
Hall IC
Hall, bộ phát xung kiểu Hall
Hall IC n. solid state device with
the actual Hall generator and
integrated circuits for voltage
amplification and potential
reversal, producing the pulses for
the control unit: Mạch tích hợp
với cảm biến Hall
l Hall module n. = Hall IC: Mạch
tích hợp hiệu ứng Hall
l Hall sensor n. = Hall generator:
Cảm biến Hall
Hall vane switch n. ‘switch’ that
makes use of the Hall effect:
Cảm biến Hall loại cánh chắn
Hall voltage: Hiệu điện thế Hall
halogen n. one of the chemical
elements fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, iodine, or astatine: Các
nguyên tố hóa học dãy halogen.
l halogen bulb = bulb containing
a trace of a halogen, such as
iodine: Bóng đèn halogen
l halogen headlight = high intensity
reflector with inner halogen bulb,
precision lens, and 3-prong
attachment: Đèn đầu dùng bóng
halogen
Hamlin switch n. a suspended mass
type sensor used in new air bag
systems; avoids the ecological
roblems associated with the
212
handbook
earlier mercury type switches:
Loại cảm biến gia tốc trong hệ
thống điều khiển gối hơi thay thế
loại cảm biến dùng thuỷ ngân
hammer 1 n. hand tool with a metal
head on a handle, used for
beating metal and driving in nail:
Cái búa
l hammer drill n. electric hand drill
that hammers as well as rotates.:
Máy khoan đá
l hammerform n. shaped wooden
block used in panel beating, on
which a desired form is produced
by hammering: Đe gỗ làm đồng
l hammer welding n. metalworking
technique that includes gas
welding, preferable without the
use of filler rod, followed by
hammer and dolly work on the
welded joint to smooth out any
remaining imperfections: Làm
đồng (xe)
handbook n. book which gives
instructions or information: Sổ
tay, tài liệu hướng dẫn
l handbrake n. brake operated by
a hand lever: Phanh tay
l handbrake turn = 180o turn
achieved by applying the
handbrake (acting on the rear
wheels) hard when the vehicle
is starting to turn: Quay xe 180o
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
handbrake warning light
bằng cách vừa tăng tốc vừa kéo
mạnh phanh tay
l handbrake warning light =
light that illuminates when the
handbrake is applied; on most
new cars it has been superseded
by a multifunction brake warning
light: Đèn báo phanh tay
l handcrafted n. (US) built by hand:
Thủ công, làm bằng tay
l hand drill n. power driven, hole-
boring tool: Máy khoan cầm tay
l handed a. made to fit on a
specific side: Làm cho vừa khít
l hand file n. flat file for shaping
metal, with a rectangular cross
section, constant blade width and
one smooth edge: Giũa tay
l handle v. (a) (of a vehicle) to react
under any given circumstances
but especially referring to
cornering, roadholding and
manoeuvring: Điều khiển (xe)
(b) to deal with or to cope with: Đối
phó, giải quyết.
l handling (properties) = the way
a vehicle reacts to the actions of
the driver (usually with regard to
steering): Cách phản ứng lại của
xe (ứng xử) với động tác của tài
xế (lái)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hard anodizing
l hands-free a. Không cần dùng tay
l hands-free car phone = voice
operated telephone using
microphone and loudspeaker,
leaving hands free to drive: Điện
thoại trên xe (dùng micro và loa)
l handshaker n. In informal US
English, it means passenger car
with a manual gearbox: Xe hộp
số thường (cơ).
hanger n. (a) flexible ring or strap to
hold a pipe, e.g. an exhaust pipe:
Vòng treo (ống xả)
(b) mounting bracket, e.g. a spring
hanger for a leaf spring: Giá treo
hangover n. a modification of custom
cars with separate chassis,
e.g. pickups, which raises the
floorpan and lowers the body, to
give the impression that the body
has been pulled down over the
chassis right down to street level:
Biến cải xe với khung độc lập
hard anodic coating n. hard, wear-
resistant, oxide layer produced in
an anodic oxidation process: Lớp
oxít cứng và chống mòn phủ ngoài
trong quá trình oxit hoá a-nốt
hard anodizing = special type
of anodizing adapted to the
production of thick, hard, abrasion
resistant films: Phương pháp làm
213
harden
cứng và chống mòn sản phẩm
bằng cách oxít hóa a-nốt
l hardboard n. boardlike building
material made of compressed
wood chip fibres and sawdust:
Ván gỗ ép.
l hard chromium plating n.
electrolytic deposition of a hard,
wear resistant, chromium layer:
Mạ crôm
harden v. to set or to cure: Tôi (thép)
l hardener n. substance added (as
to a paint or varnish) to harden
the film: Phụ gia cho vào sơn để
lớp sơn cứng
l hardening n. process of a paint
becoming hard: Quá trình cứng
sơn
hardness n. the quality or condition
of being hard: Độ cứng
hard rubber n. = ebonite: Nhựa
cứng cách điện ebonit
l hard-sided caravan n. caravan
with foldable, hard wall panels:
Xe lưu động có vách cố định
l hard stop n. hard braking,
but not necessarily with locked
wheels: Bó phanh
l hardtop n. (a) rigid, (sometimes
detachable) car roof: Mui cố định,
mui cứng
214
harness
l hard trim n. instrument panel
mouldings, centre consoles and
similar plastic trim: Viền tableau
Hardy disc n. a disc-style flexible
coupling: Đĩa nối mềm dạng đĩa
l Hardy-Spicer (universal) joint n.
type of universal joint commonly
used with prop shafts: Khớp nối
các-đăng Hardy-Spicer
harmonic balancer n. formerly, two
gearwheels carrying an unbalanced
weight, mounted in bearings
below the middle main crankshaft
bearing, driven at twice engine
speed and rotating in opposite
directions to counterbalance the
secondary vibrations in a four
cylinder reciprocating engine.: Bô
cân bằng (trong động cơ bốn xi-
lanh, gồm hai bánh răng gắn quả
văng, nằm dưới trục khuỷu và
quay ngược chiều trục khuỷu).
harness n. (a) belt system used with
child seats and in cars, consisting
of two shoulder belts and two lap
belt portions fastened by a central
buckle: Bộ đai an toàn gồm hai
dây đai
a 4-point racing harness = safety
hardness anchored at four points,
worn by some racing drivers: Bộ
đai an toàn dành cho xe đua có
bốn chốt gắn
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hatchback
(b) = wiring harness: Búi (bó) dây điện
hatch n. (a) = hatchback
(b) = tailgate
hatchback n. basically a saloon or
coupe with a tailgate: Xe ô tô bốn
chỗ, không có khoang hành lý, có
cửa hậu
hazard warning switch or hazard
flasher n. switch that makes all
the direction indicators flash
simultaneously, to indicate that the
car is a hazard (e.g. is stationary
because of breakdown): Công
tắc đèn báo nguy – ưu tiên (chớp
cả bốn đèn rẽ)
HC = hydrocarbons.
HC engine n. high camshaft engine;
the camshaft is located much
higher than the crankshaft, (though
not in the cylinder head), allowing
the use of shorter pushrods, thus
improving the engine’s revving
ability: Động cơ trục cam nằm cao
hơn trục khuỷu rất nhiều cho phép
dùng đũa đẩy ngắn
HDPE = High Density Polyethylene:
Nhựa PE có tỉ trọng cao
head n. (a) the top part of a tool;
the heads designed for use with
interchangeable head torque
wrenches, for example, come in a
variety of shapes, e.g. with open
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
headlamp body
jaw end or ratchet mechanism:
Đầu nối cần siết
(b) term used to express the increase
of energy content in a fluid
pumped, expressed in units of
energy per unit of mass, usually
simply ft (feet): Cột áp (bơm)
(c) = cylinder head: Nắp xi-lanh, nắp
máy, nắp quy lát
header n. (a) part at the top of
another part (b) US = headpipe:
Chụp, đầu ống cổ pô
l header bar or (US) header bow n.
front bar of a hood which attaches
to the top of the windscreen
frame; usually made of sheet steel
shaped to match the top front edge
to the curvature of the windscreen:
Thanh ngang trên kính trước
l header tank n. top radiator tank
in a thermosyphon water cooling
system: Bình nước phụ
head gasket n. = cylinder head
gasket
heading angle n. = yaw angle
headlamp n. main light on the
front of a vehicle: Đèn pha của xe
headlamp body = a sheet metal pot
welded or screwed to the front
wing that provides the housing for
the headlamp and its bulbs and
wiring: Vỏ thân đèn đầu
215
headlamp bucket
headlamp bucket = the headlamp
housing of cars having separate
headlamp not integrated into the
body line, e.g. the Citroen 2 CV
and most prewar cars: Bầu chứa
đèn đặt rời
headlamp cover = rigid or flexible
protection against dirt or stone
damage when lights are not being
used (may be flush with body):
Vỏ che đèn đầu
headlamp mounting panel = sheet
metal panel for rectangular
headlamps that is spotwelded to
the front section of modern cars
where the radiator grille and the
headlamps are mounted adjacent
to each other; provides the
mounting points for the headlamp:
Bảng gá đèn đầu dạng vuông
headlamp visor = attachment
between headlamp rim and lens,
used on some classic cars only:
Tấm kính che đèn (xe đời cũ)
headlamp wash/wipe = system that
cleans headlamps with a jet of
water and a small wiper (blade):
Hệ thống lau đèn (xịt và gạt)
head land n. uppermost piston land,
subject to the highest thermal
load: Đỉnh pít-tông
headlight n. main light on the front
216
headlight on/off delay system
of a vehicle: Đèn pha, đèn trước
đầu xe
headlight beam setting = alignment
of the beam of light from the
headlamps: Sự cân chỉnh đèn
đầu
headlight dipper (switch) = any type of
switch, both stalk or footoperated,
that changes the headlight from
main to dipped beam (and vice
versa), also called dipswitch:
Công tắc chuyển đổi pha - cốt
headlight flasher = by flicking the
direction indicator lever upwards
against a spring pressure, the
headlights flash on and off quickly
: Công tắc nháy đèn pha
headlight levelling = system that
allows the driver to maintain
proper headlight beam position
regardless of vehicle load: Hệ
thống điều chỉnh vị trí đèn pha
headlight levelling control = usually a
vertical thumbwheel that adjusts
the height of the headlight beam:
Sự điều chỉnh độ cao của ánh
sáng đèn pha
headlight on/off delay system =
system with two functions; when
activated, it can turn the headlights
automatically ON during darkness
and OFF during daylight; it can
also keep the headlights ON up to
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
headlight retractor indicator lamp
approximately three minutes after
leaving the parked vehicle; useful
in dark, highrisk area; the system
is controlled by a photovoltaic cell
on the dashboard: Hệ thống tự
động tắt bật đèn pha
headlight retractor indicator lamp =
lamp that illuminates when the
headlight covers are opening or
closing: Đèn chỉ thị sự đóng mở
chụp đèn đầu
headliner n. soft lining of the inside
of a car roof: Tấm cách nhiệt trên
mui
head-on collision or head-on crash
n. the result of two vehicles being
driven straight into one another:
Sự đâm xe chính diện
headpipe or header n. down pipe
connecting the exhaust manifold
to the front of the silencer or to
the connector pipe: Ống nối cổ pô
headrest or head restraint n. height
adjustable head support, fitted
nowadays to both front and rear
seats, to minimize the effects of
whiplash in a collision: Gối tựa
đầu.
headroom n. distance between
the top of a passenger’s head
and the inside of the car roof:
Khoảng cách từ đầu hành khách
đến trần xe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
heate
head trim n. roof lining: Đường viền
trang trí mui xe
HUD = Headup Display n. driver
information system which
displays key information by
projection into the driver’s visual
field in the windscreen area: Màn
hình phản chiếu trên kính trước
(báo thông tin)
heat cracking n. pattern of small,
irregular cracks (e.g. on brake
discs): Sự nứt do nhiệt
heated rear window n. rear window
fitted with a heating element
that demists inside and deices
outside.: Kính phía sau có xông
l heated tool welding n. welding
process in which the parts to be
welded are pressed against a
heated plate and subsequently
pressed together to produce a
fusion weld: Kỹ thuật hàn nóng
chảy.
l heated windscreen n. windscreen
fitted with a heating element to
facilitate deicing: Kính trước có
xông
heater n. system for heating the
interior of a vehicle: Hệ thống
sưởi
l heater air pipe n. channel
section incorporated into the
side member or other structural
217
heaterplug indicator
sections that is designed to
provide a flow of warm into the
interior of the vehicle, above all
into the footwells (e.g. as used on
the VW Beetle): Ống không khí
nóng để sưởi.
l heater core n. : Lõi giàn sưởi
l heater fan or blower n. electric fan
to boost heating and ventilation:
Quạt giàn sưởi
l heater flange n. heating element
for preheating the intake air in
small diesel engines: Vành nhiệt
xông khí nạp (trong Diesel cỡ nhỏ)
l heater plug n. = glow plug: Bu-gi
xông máy
heaterplug indicator = glow plug
indicator: Đèn báo xông máy.
heat path n. path along which heat
passes from the sparking plug tip
to the water jacket: Đường dẫn
nhiệt từ bougie đến áo nước
l heat range n. measure of ability
of a sparking plug to carry away
heat; dependent on the length
of the insulator nose, electrode
shape and material: Chỉ số nhiệt
của bu-gi
heat-range reserve = the heat range
reserve defines the distance
to the start of preignition under
further increasing thermal
218
heat sink
loading of the sparking plug. This
reserve is expressed in degrees
crankshaft, the amount by which
the factory set ignition timing
can be further advanced without
preignition occuring: Vùng góc
đánh lửa có thể tăng mà không
gây cháy sớm (đối với loại bu-gi
tương ứng)
l heat riser n. flapper in the
exhaust manifold that is closed
when the engine is cold, causing
hot exhaust gases to heat the
inlet manifold, thus providing
better cold engine operation; a
thermostatic spring opens the
flapper when the engine warms
up: Ống xông đường ống nạp
(lấy nhiệt từ đường thải)
l heat shield n. sheet metal
part, usually reflective, often
asbestoslined; protects heat-
sensitive components from heat
radiation of the exhaust system:
Tấm chắn nhiệt (pô)
l heat shrinking n. shrinking dents
in panels using a gas welder to
heat local areas of the dents: Sự
co thân xe khi làm đồng dùng
hàn hơi
l heat sink n. heat removing
component, such as the fins on
an aircooled cylinder: Phần tử
lấy nhiệt
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
heavy
l heat soak n. heat from the
engine warming the carburettor
and other parts of the fuel system
which can cause vapour lock and
may make restarting difficult:
Nhiệt làm bốc hơi xăng
l heat transfer n. transfer of
thermal energy from one material
to another by means of thermal
conduction, convection or radiation;
heat transfer is only possible from
a high to a low temperature level:
Sự truyền nhiệt
heavy a. (a) (cable, sheet metal)
heavy-duty: Nặng, lớn (dây, tấm
kim loại)
(b) (paint) thickly coated: Quá dày
(sơn)
(c) (steering, clutch) having a stiff
operation, e.g. requiring
considerable effort to turn the
steering wheel: Nặng, khó khăn
(lái)
(d) (traffic) of great quantity, which is
opposite to light: Đông, chật ních
(xe cộ)
l HD = Heavy-Duty a. designed
for heavy loads: Dùng cho xe có
tải lớn
l heavy duty diagonal cutting pliers
= diagonal cutting pliers with a
special joint and handle design
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
heel
for extra cutting power: Kìm cắt
cộng lực
heavy-duty end cutting pliers =
end cutting pliers with a special
joint and handle design for extra
cutting power: Kìm cắt cộng lực
l heavy film build n. excessive
thickness of paint coat: Tạo nên
một lớp sơn quá dày
l heavy foot n.: Thẳng chân, đạp
hết
l to drive with a heavy foot = driving
at full throttle, especially at high
speed: Chạy hết ga
l HGV = Heavy Goods Vehicle n.
vehicle capable of carrying heavy
loads and requiring a special
licence to drive: Xe tải nặng
l heavy phosphating n. application
of extremely heavy phosphate
coatings: Phủ lớp phốt phát dày
(sơn)
l heavy yellow boot n = wheel
clamp
heel n. (a) rubbing block on the
contact breaker lever: Gối cam
(đánh lửa vít)
(b) = bead heel: Cái đế
l heel dolly n. dolly in the form of
a heel (of a foot): Cái đe dạng gối
HEGOS = Heated Exhaust Gas
219
HEIS
Oxygen Sensor: Cảm biến oxi
(khí thải) có dây nung
HEIS = High Energy Ignition System:
Hệ thống đánh lửa năng lượng cao
height adjustable steering column n.
steering column whose length or
rake may be adjusted to suit the
individual driver: Trụ vô lăng có
thể điều chỉnh được độ cao
l height corrector or height regulator
n. automatic levelling control
in hydropneumatic suspension
systems: Bộ hiệu chỉnh chiều cao
hệ thống treo thủy khí
helical a. in the shape of a helix:
Xoắn ốc
helical gears = gears with helical
teeth: Bánh răng cong
helical spring lock washer = locking
device for threaded fasteners:
Lông đền cong
helical teeth = curved gear teeth on
the edge of a gear-wheel, cut at
an angle to its axis: Răng cong
helium leak test n. pressure test
using helium: Sự kiểm tra rò rỉ
bằng khí heli
helix n. a spiral, like the thread on
a screw or a coil spring in a
suspension system: Đường
xoắn ốc
helmet connector or helmet lug n.
220
hexagon bit
special type of lug for connecting
a battery with tapered terminal
posts: Đai ốc bắt cọc ắc quy
helper leaf or helper spring n.
auxiliary leaf spring: Nhíp phụ
hemispherical combustion chamber
n. combustion chamber with a
circular, rounded internal shape
to ensure a smooth propagation
of the flame front during the
combustion process: Buồng cháy
có hình bán cầu
Henry n. unit of inductance, equal
to the inductance of a circuit in
which the variation of current
at the rate of one ampere per
second induces an electromotive
force of one volt (H), named after
American physicist, J.Henry,
1797-1878. : Đơn vị đo độ tự cảm
herringbone gear n. = double helical
gear: Bánh răng có răng hình chữ
V
hexagonal a. having six sides: Sáu
cạnh
hexagon(al) bolster or hexagon(al)
collar = tool that allows a
screwdriver to be turned with a
wrench for extra torque to loosen
tight crews: Đầu lục giác nối tuốc
nơ vít với cần siết
hexagon bit or hex bit = bit with six
sides: Mỏ chìa khóa sáu cạnh
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hexagon bolt
hexagon bolt or hex bolt = bolt with
a six-sided head: Bu-lông lục giác
hexagon key or hex key = key for
hexagon recess screws, 90o
offset at one end: Chìa khóa đầu
lục giác (mở ốc chìm)
HFS (short for) heated front seat,
(often seen in advertisements):
Ghế trước có sưởi
HGV = Heavy Goods Vehicle
hidden or hide away wiper n. wipe
system with a parking position
below normal visibility range: Vị
trí dừng của cần gạt nước
HIF carburettor n. type of SU
carburettor with a horizontal
integral float chamber: Bộ chế
hòa khí với buồng phao nằm
ngang
high beam n. main beam: Đèn pha
l high-build galvanizing n.
galvanizing process in which
extremely heavy zinc coatings
are applied: Mạ với lớp kẽm dày
High-Camshaft Engine n. =: Động
cơ có trục cam nằm cao (HCE)
high carbon steel n. a very hard
steel, as opposed to plain carbon
steel: Thép cao cacbon (cứng)
HDPE = High-Density Polyethylene
n. a very tough, chemically
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
high energy ignition system
resistant thermoplastic, with a
‘soapy’ touch; e.g. used for blow-
moulded parts such as fuel tanks
or other mouldings, such as
bumpers.: Nhựa tổng hợp PE có
tỷ trọng cao
high energy battery n. innovative
battery type developed for
electric cars: Ắc quy năng lượng
cao dùng cho xe điện
l high energy coil n. coil which
generates higher ignition voltage
and/or offers increased spark
efficiency; ballasted: Bô-bin năng
lượng cao
l high energy ignition system n.
ignition systems which provides
more ignition power (higher
voltage at higher amperage)
than normal systems (HEI); a
typical HEI includes an electronic
control unit and magnetic pickup
in combination with mechanical
ignition timing: Hệ thống đánh lửa
năng lượng cao
high energy ignition system with
electronic spark timing = HEIEST,
the HEIEST system consists of
an electronic distributor, with
the ignition coil mounted on the
distributor cap on 6 and 8 cylinder
models or externally on 4 cylinder
models; the ignition timing is
221
high gear
performed electronically by the
electronic control module. (used
on several 1983-88 GM models):
Hệ thống đánh lửa năng lượng
cao với bộ điều chỉnh thời điểm
đánh lửa bằng điện tử
high gear n. fourth or fifth gear,
selectd for cruising, which is
opposite to low gear: Số cao
l high-geared a. (a) when a small
gear wheel is driven by a large
one: Khi răng nhỏ được dẫn động
bằng bánh răng lớn
(b) when car’s transmission system
has higher than usual gearing, to
improve fuel economy: Khi xe có
hộp số nhiều số (lớn hơn 4)
l high gloss n. very shiny, bright
appearance: Độ bóng cao
high leverage diagonal/ end cutting
pliers n. diagonal/end cutting
pliers with special joint and
handle design for extra cutting
power: Kìm cắt cộng lực
high/ low range gearbox n. = dual
range gearbox: Hộp số hai cấp
high-mounted brake light n. third
brake light mounted in the middle
of the rear window or on some
cars integrated in the trailing
edge of the rear deck spoiler:
Đèn phanh thứ ba đặt giữa kính
222
high revs
sau hoặc gắn trên nắp cốp sau
high-performance a. producing
better than average results: Hiệu
suất cao, tính năng tốt
high-performance manifold = a special
exhaust manifold, which is not
made of cast iron as usual, but of
specially designed, curved and
welded steel tubes, to produce a
smooth flow path for the exhaust
gases, avoiding any sharp bends;
less heavy, less sturdy and more
expensive than an ordinary
manifold; usually replaces the
down pipe: Ống góp thải loại tốt
high-pressure a. operating under
a lot of pressure, e.g. braking
systems or diesel fuel injection:
Áp suất cao
high-pressure foaming = process in
which plastics are foamed under
high pressure (> 50 bar), which is
opposite to low-pressure foaming:
Sự tạo bọt do áp suất cao
high-pressure relief valve = located
somewhere on the high side of
the air conditioning system, often
next to the receiver-drier, this
valve protects the system against
excessive pressure: Van giảm áp
high revs n. towards the top end of
the scale of engine revolutions:
Số vòng quay cao cho phép
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
high side
high side n. (of air conditioning
systems) located between the
compressor and expansion
valve or orifice tube; includes the
condenser, which is opposite to
low side: Phần áp suất cao (điều
hoà)
high speed direct injection n.
systems for rapid injection of fuel
into a diesel engine (HSDI): Hệ
thống phun trực tiếp tốc độ cao
HSDI = High Speed Direct Injection
n. systems create rapid injection
of fuel into a diesel engine: Hệ
thống phun trực tiếp tốc độ cao
high spot n. raised area on a panel
surface: Vị trí nhô lên trên thân xe
high tension a. capable of operating
at a relatively high voltage (HT):
Có thể hoạt động ở điện áp cao
HT = High Tension a. capable of
operating at a relatively high
voltage: Có thể hoạt động ở điện
áp cao
hightension circuit = secondary
circuit. It is also called HT circuit:
Mạch điện cao áp (thứ cấp)
HT circuit = the secondary circuit. It
is also called hightension circuit:
Mạch điện cao áp (thứ cấp)
hightension distributor = sometimes
used to designate the distributtor
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
highway code
in electronically controlled ignition
systems, which has no controlling
functions or advance mechanism.
It is also called HT distributor: Bộ
chia điện cao áp
HT distributor = sometimes used
to designate the distributtor in
electronically controlled ignition
systems, which has no controlling
functions or advance mechanism.
It is also called hightension
distributor: Bộ chia điện cao áp
high-tension lead = sparking plug
lead, also caled HT lead: Dây
phin (dây cao áp)
HT lead = sparking plug lead, also
caled hightension lead: Dây phin
(dây cao áp)
hightension winding(s) = secondary
winding: Cuộn dây thứ cấp
high-voltage reserve n. the difference
between the available ignition
voltage and the ignition voltage
required at a given moment: Mức
dự trữ điện áp thứ cấp
highway n. (US) any public road
outside the cities with a foundation
and a hard surface: Đường cao tốc
highway code n. official British code
of conduct for all road users: Luật
giao thông cho tài xế chạy trên
đường cao tốc
223
hillholder
hillholder n. mechanically or electro-
mechanically engaged device for
preventing accidental rearward
movement of a vehicle prior
to driving off; found mainly in
automatic transmissions: Cơ cấu
chống lùi xe trong hộp số tự động
khi lên dốc
hinge bow n. = main bow: Thanh
trục chính
l hinged-caliper disc brake n. old
disc brake design formerly used
on motor bikes; superseded by
slidingcaliper disc brakes: Bộ kẹp
phanh đĩa có bản lề
l hinge facing n. part of the door
frame that includes the bracing
and threaded plate for mounting
the hinge to the door. It is not to
be confused with the hinge panel
that is part of the hinge pillar of
the body shell: Chốt gắn bản lề
cửa
l hinge panel n. sheet metal panel
spotwelded to the A post or rear of
the front wing that accommodates
the hinges for the front door:
Khung giữ cửa trước
l hinge pillar n. vertical structural
element that carries the front
door hinges; the upper end of the
hinge pillar is usually the side of
the windscreen frame. It is also
224
holdback
called A-pillar: Trụ đỡ khung cửa
cửa trước
hinge pillar reinforcement =
vertical section behind the visible
A-pillar: Sự gia cố trụ đỡ
l hinge plate n. reinforcing plate
between the hinge and the door
panel which distributes the forces
acting on the hinge bolts over a
larger area of the panel: Đĩa bản
lề cửa
l hinge post n. = hinge pillar
l hinge tapping plate n. threaded
plate housed in a sheet metal
cage spotwelded to the hinge
pillar or, in some cases, to the
door frame; the door is bolted to
this plate and may be adjusted
within certain limits, as the plate
can be moved about in its sheet
metal cage: Tấm gắn bản lề cửa
hip belt n. lap belt
hitch v. to connect or couple up a
caravan or trailer to a towing
vehicle: Buộc vào, móc vào để
kéo
l hitch ball n. In US English, it is
tow ball: Móc kéo xe
tow ball n. It is also called hitch ball:
Móc kéo xe
holdback n. a markup, e.g 2
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hold-in coil
percent, that the dealer pays the
manufacture on each new car that
is added to his stock; this amount
is rebated to the dealer after the
car is sold: Tiền đại lý phải ứng
thêm cho nhà sản xuất trên mỗi
đầu xe, sẽ được trả lại sau khi xe
được bán
hold-in coil n. separate relay coil, such
as the hold-in winding in a starter
solenoid, which is energized by
contacts that close when the
relay pulls in, to hold the relay
in its energized position after
the original operating circuit has
been broken. It is also called
holdingcoil: Cuộn giữ trong rơ-
le đề
l holding coil n. part of a relay
designed to hold it in the on-
position. It is also called hold-in
coil: Cuộn giữ
hole cutting snips n. snips with
pointed cutting blades for cutting
holes in sheet metal material:
Kéo cắt lỗ
l hole punch n. pliers used to from
holes along the edge of a repair
panel; the panel can then be
plug-welded to the substructure
at these holes: Cây đột lỗ
l holesaw n. cylindrical shaped
saw for use with power tools,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hone
for cutting holes in sheet metal
material, e.g. in car bodies for
installation of aerials: Cưa lỗ
Holographic combiner n. semi-
reflecting layer embedded in
laminated
windscreen glass; used for headup
displays: Lớp phản chiếu trên
kính trước để hiện thông tin
(tableau ảo)
homofocal headlamp n. type of
headlamp with two reflectors, the
inner one being of shorter focal
length than the main one: Đèn
đầu với hai gương phản chiếu
homokinetic joint n. = constant
velocity joint: Khớp đồng tốc
homologation n. official recognition
of a special version of a standard
car as a production model, to
make it eligible for racing: Sự
công nhận mẫu xe dùng để đua
hone 1 n. special tool for use with
an electric drill or air tools to
smooth and polish engine, clutch
or brake cylinders, with a number
of honing stones that adjust to
different cylinder bore diameters
by spring tension: Đá mài, đá
xoáy
2. v. to smooth and polish with a
hone: Mài, xoáy (bằng đá mài)
225
honeycomb
honeycomb n. a pattern of
hexagonal shapes, like bees
cells: Dạng tổ ong
honing n. precision machining
process used to resurface bores
and shafts: Quá trình doa, xoáy
honing stone = tool used for the final
smoothing operation, e.g. when
repairing a cylinder wall: Đá mài,
đá xoáy
hood n. (a) folding roof of a
convertible car (b) In US english,
which is bonnet. : Mui xếp của xe
mui trần.
hood bar or bow = one of at least
four struts that support a hood;
usually made of tubular or sheet
steel: Thanh chống mui xếp
hood stick = old term for hood bar:
Thanh chống mui xếp
hook up v. to connect: Móc vào,
nối vào
horizontal a. lying flat, not upright:
Nằm ngang, đường ngang
l horizontal adjuster n. screw for
adjusting the sideways aim of the
headlight beam: Vít điều chỉnh độ
sáng theo chiều ngang
l horizontal draught carburettor n.
= side draught carburettor: Bộ
chế hòa khí có họng khuếch tán
nằm ngang
226
hose
horizontally opposed engine n.
engine with horizontally opposed
cylinders, set on either side of the
crankshaft: Động cơ có xi-lanh
đặt ngang đối xứng
horn n. instrument on a vehicle
that emits a loud warning noise,
usually by means of a diaphragm
vibrated by an electromagnet:
Còi xe
horn boss or horn button = relatively
large, round pad in the centre of
the steering wheel which sounds
the horn when depressed: Nút
nhấn còi xe
horn button = (i) relatively small
button on the end of the direction
indicator lever which sounds the
horn when depressed (ii) horn
boss: Nút nhấn còi
horsepower n. unit of power, which
is also called h.p. or HP: Sức
ngựa - Đơn vị công suất
horsepower screw n. screw in the
cover of adjustable wastegates
to adjust spring height, which
adjusts boost pressure; screwing
down adds HP but may destroy
the engine: Vít điều chỉnh cửa xả
trong hệ thống tăng áp
hose n. flexible pipe: Ống mềm
l hose clip or hose clamp n.
adjustable steel band (or wire) for
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hose clip installer
securing rubber hoses to metal
pipes: Cái kẹp ống
hose clip installer = special tool
for the installation of ear-type
clips, used e.g. on some types
of CV joint boots, filters, cooling
systems, and vacuum lines: Dụng
cụ lắp kẹp ống
hose clip pliers = special tool used
to remove and install hose clips:
Kìm tháo lắp kẹp ống
hose pinchoff pliers n.special tool to
pinch off hoses when servicing
the cooling system; pivoting jaws
squeeze hoses shut so there
is no need to drain the system:
Kìm mở ống nước (không cần xả
nước)
Hotchkiss drive n. type of live rear
axle suspension in which leaf
springs absorb the drive torque:
Hệ thống cầu-treo Hotchkiss
hot dip v. to coat metal parts by
immersion in molten metal, such
as tin or zinc: Mạ kim loại bằng
cách nhúng vào kẽm hoặc thiếc
đang nóng chảy
hot-dip aluminizing = deposition
of aluminium coatings by hot
dipping: Phủ nhôm bằng phương
pháp nhúng nóng
hot-dip galvanize = to apply a zinc
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hot start
coating by hot dipping: Phủ kẽm
bằng phương pháp nhúng nóng
hot gas welding n. welding
process involving the joining
of thermoplastic materials by
softening with a jet of hot air,
then joining them at the softened
points: Hàn nhựa bằng hơi nóng
hot hatch n. high-performance
hatchback: Xe năm cửa loại tốt
l hot rod n. car that has been
radically modified for increased
power: Xe đã được cải biến để
tăng công suất
hot sparking plug n. sparking plug
with a long insulator nose, which
absorbs more heat and dissipates
it slowly, which is opposite to cold
sparking plug: Bu-gi nóng
hot spot n. point of contact below
the carburettor, between the inlet
manifold and exhaust manifold:
Điểm nóng (giữa ống hút và ống
thải).
hot spraying n. spray process in
which paint is preheated in a paint
container so that its viscosity is
reduced and it can be atomized
without being diluted with a
solvent: Phun sơn nóng
hot start n. starting a hot engine may
be difficult if it has been stopped for
227
hot start enrichment
a few minutes; the accumulation
of petrol vapour in the air filter
and inlet manifold, caused by the
rise in engine temperature when
left standing when hot, can be
dissipated by slowly pressing the
accelerator right down and turning
the engine over until it fires. It is
also called hot starting: Khởi động
khi động cơ nóng
hot start enrichment = fuel mixture
enrichment when starting a hot
engine: Sự làm đậm hỗn hợp khi
khởi động nóng
hot-start pulse relay = fuel injection
component which operates the
cold-start valve intermittently to
improve starting when the engine
is hot; installed in the cold-
start valve circuit in some CIS-
equipped engines: Rơ-le điều
khiển kim phun khởi động lạnh
phun gián đoạn khi khởi động
nóng (phun K)
hot wax n. wax-based material used
for hot-wax flooding: Sáp nóng
hot-wax flooding = special cavity-
sealing process developed
by Volkswagen, which uses a
solvent-free wax injected into
the cavities of bodies preheated
to 60oC: Phương pháp bịt lỗ trên
thân xe bằng sáp nóng
228
hub
hot – wire airflow meter n.
constant temperature hotwire
sensing device, used in
electronic fuel injection systems,
which measures the rate of a
mass airflow into the engine by
measuring the current needed
to keep the hot wireat the same
temperature: Cảm biến đo gió
loại dây nhiệt
hot-wire element = element in a
hotwire airflow meter: Dây nhiệt
housing n. general term for
the casing which encloses or
supports bearings, gears, etc.:
Vỏ bọc
HP = horsepower (h.p.): Mã lực,
sức ngựa (Công suất)
HSDI = High Speed Direct Injection :
Phun trực tiếp tốc độ cao
HT = High Tension: Cao áp
HT circuit = secondary circuit: Mạch
thứ cấp.
HT lead = sparking plug lead: Dây
phin, dây cao áp
HT outlet = coil tower: Đầu cắm dây
phin ở bô-bin
hub n. central part of any wheel,
by the wheel is attached to or
rotatable on a shaft or axle: Trục
bánh xe, moay-ơ
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hub cap
hub cap = a cover over the wheel
hub and bearings (b) = small
metal cap on a front wheel
bearing: Nắp chụp trục bánh xe
hub carrier = a part of the
suspension system which carries
a rear wheel hub on a front-wheel
drive vehicle with independent
rear suspension: Khớp khuyên
trục bánh xe
l hub plate = central element of a
clutch driven plate which carries
the splined hub: Đĩa ly hợp
l hub puller = special tool, of both
jaw and hammer design, used to
remove wheel hubs on vehicles
by a pulling action: Dụng cụ tháo
(cão) moayơ bánh xe.
l hubcentric fit n. spigot mounted
wheel: Chốt bánh xe
l humidity chamber n. test chamber
for simulating tropical and
subtropical conditions: Phòng
tái tạo điều kiện ẩm ướt để thử
nghiệm
hump n. raised portion on the rim
bead seat of passenger car
wheels, retaining the beads of
an insufficiently inflated tubeless
tyre on the bead seats, thereby
preventing the tyre beads from
jumping into the rim well: Cái
bướu niềng
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hybrid car
hundredweight n. unit of weight
measurement (obsolete), used in
some classic-car manuals (cwt).
NOTE: 1 (GB) cwt = 5080 grams;
1 (US) cwt = 4535 grams: Đơn vị
đo trọng lượng cũ
hunting n. uneven running of an
engine, due to air/fuel mixture
being too rich: Động cơ không ổn
định do giàu xăng
l hunting tooth n. extra, odd
tooth on a gear wheel, designed
to ensure the same teeth so
not always mesh together, thus
reducing wear: Răng lẻ trên bánh
răng để giảm mòn
HVACS = Heating, Ventilation and
Air Conditioning System: Hệ
thống sưởi, thông hơi và điều hòa
nhiệt độ
hybrid car n. car with a hybrid
propulsion system: Xe lai
l hybrid propulsion n. two distinct
but interdependent forms of
propulsion, such asan electric
motor and an internal combustion
engine, or an electric motor with
battery and fuel cells for energy
storage: Động cơ lai
l hybrid technology n. film circuits
combined with integrated circuits,
229
hydragas suspension
used especially for trigger boxes
or electronic control units: Cộng
nghệ vi mạch lai
hydragas suspension n. = Hydro-
pneumatic suspension: Hệ thống
treo thuỷ-khí
hydraulic a. operated by fluid: Bằng
thủy lực
l hydraulic accumulator n. =
accumulator: Bộ tích áp thủy lực
l hydraulic actuators n. hydraulically
operated struts which control the
movement of the wheels in an
active ride suspension system:
Bộ phận thủy lực kiểm soát độ
dịch chuyển của bánh xe
l hydraulic brakes or hydraulic
braking system n. brakes
operated by hydraulic pressure:
Hệ thống phanh dầu
hydraulic brake booster = hydraulic
pressure supplied by the power
steering pump, or a separate
hydraulic pump, which is used
to assists in applying the brakes;
used on cars and on some lorries:
Bộ trợ lực phanh bằng thủy lực
hydraulic control block n. = control
valve assembly: Cụm van điều
khiển thủy lực
l hydraulic fluid n. special oil
used in hydraulic systems,
230
hydraulic tappet
such as power steering, self-
levelling suspension, to operate
the system of master and slave
cylinders: Dầu dùng cho hệ thống
thủy lực
l hydraulic hood n. convertible top
which is raised and lowered by
a hydraulic system; depending
on engineering, a hydraulic
hood can operate fast, silently,
and with tremendous power:
Mui điều khiển bằng thủy lực
(xe mui trần)
l hydraulic modulator n. device
which regulates hydraulic fluid
pressure in an ABS: Bộ chấp
hành thủy lực (phanh ABS)
l hydraulic pressure pump n.
engine driven pump which
supplies oil under pressure to
operate, e.g. power brakes or
power-assisted steering: Bơm
thủy lực (trợ lực lái phanh)
l hydraulic tappet or hydraulic
valve lifter n. small component in
the valve train, usually between
camshaft and valve, or rocker arm
and valve, which maintains zero
valve clearance by automatically
expanding when a clearance
develops; uses the hydraulic
principle that liquids cannot
be compressed and consists
basically of a small check valve,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hydraulic suspension
piston and cylinder: Con đội thủy
lực (động cơ)
l hydraulic wedge n. hydraulic jack
with ends designed to reach
behind dented double panels
and to press them back into
shape by the hydraulic action
of the wedge-shaped ends: Cái
kích (con đội) thủy lực để sửa
thân xe (làm đồng)
hydraulic suspension n. = hydro-
pneumatic suspension: Hệ thống
treo thủy khí
hydrocarbon plastics n. plastics
based on resins made by the
polymerization of monomers
composed of carbon and
hydrogen only: Nhựa làm từ
hydrocacbon
l hydrocarbons n. generic term for
chemical compounds composed
only of carbon and hydrogen; one
of the three major pollutants in
the exhaust of SI engines (HC):
Hợp chất hyrocacbon có trong
khí thải xe
hydrodynamic clutch n. = fluid
coupling: Khớp nối thủy lực
l hydrodynamic torque converter
n. = torque converter: Bộ biến mô
thủy lực
hydrogen embrittlement n. process
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
hydropneumatic suspension
which results in a decrease of
the toughness or ductility of
a metal due to absorption of
hydrogen: Sự làm giòn bằng khí
hydro
Hydrolastic suspension n.proprietary
suspension system incorporating a
conical rubber spring compressed
by hydraulic pressure; this
system also provides a hydraulic
interconnection between front
and rear wheels on one side of
the vehicle: Hệ thống treo kết
hợp thuỷ lực và cao su
hydrometer n. instrument used,
the first is to determine the
percentage of charge in each
cell of a car battery by checking
the electrolyte special gravity:
Thiết bị kiểm tra độ phóng điện
của ắc quy thông qua tỷ trọng
dung dịch điện phân. The
second is to test the coolant for
the strength of antifreeze: Kiểm
tra hàm lượng chất chống đông
trong nước làm mát
hydropneumatic suspension n.
suspension system using air or
gas (nitrogen) under pressure as
the primary suspension material,
separated from the actuating
hydraulic fluid by a diaphragm
within a spherical suspension
unit: Hệ thống treo thuỷ-khí
231
hydropulser
hydropulser n. hydraulically operated
system that can excite vibrations
of various frequencies in a car;
serves to find and eliminate noise
sources: Bộ tạo xung thủy lực làm
rung xe để phát hiện tiếng kêu
hydrostatic drive n. = hydro- static
transmission
l hydrostatic steering n. entirely
hydraulic power steering system
without mechanical steering
links: Hệ thống trợ lực lái hoàn
toàn bằng thủy lực không có cơ
cấu cơ khí
l hydrostatic test n. pressure test
using water: Sự kiểm tra áp suất
bằng nước
l hydrostatic transmission n. drive
232
hypoid axle
by means of hydraulic motors,
particularly where the drive is to
each wheel of an off-road vehicle:
Xe chạy bằng mô tơ thủy lực (trên
một số xe địa hình)
hygroscopic n. tending to absorb
moisture: Khuynh hướng hút ẩm
hypoid axle n. driving axle with a
hypoid gear: Cầu xe với bánh vít
l hypoid gear n. type of gear cut
in a spiral form where the axes
of the driving and driven shafts
are at right angles, but not in the
same plane: Bánh răng vít
l hypoid oil n. special lubricant for
hypoid gears: Dầu dùng cho hộp
số bánh răng vít
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
I idle
Ii
i = Injection - indicating that the
engine is fuel-injected injection
(GTi, EFi, 1.6i ): Chỉ động cơ sử
dụng hệ thống phun nhiên liệu
(xăng)
I & C systems: instrumentation and
control systems: Những hệ thống
đo đạc và điều khiển
I-beam n. steel beam which in cross
section has the shape of an I:
Đòn ngang hình chữ I
l I-beam axle = rigid axle: Cầu
(trục) phụ thuộc có dạng hình
chữ I
ICE = In-Car Entertainment: Thiết
bị giải trí trong xe
IC engine n. = Internal Combustion
engine: Động cơ đốt trong
ice scraper n. small plastic implement
for scraping frost and ice away
from windscreens and windows:
Cái nạo băng
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ID = Inside Diameter: Đường kính
trong
identical part n. = shared component:
Chi tiết dùng chung
identification colour n. (fuse)
particular colour for a specific
amperage: Mã màu dây điện theo
cường độ dòng
IDIS = Integrated Direct Ignition
System: Hệ thống đánh lửa trực
tiếp loại tích hợp
idle v. (engine) to run slowly with
closed throttle and usually with
transmission disengaged: Chạy
cầm chừng
idle for 5 minutes: Khởi động
động cơ và chạy cầm chừng 5
phút
l idle air jet n. hole in a fixed-jet
carburettor through which air is
drawn into the idle system: Gíc-lơ
gió cầm chừng
233
idle mixture adjustment screw idling

l idle jet n. carburettor jet within l idle speed or idling speed n.

the idle system which supplies a slowest speed at which an engine
constant amount of fuel for the will run smoothly (about 900 rpm):
formation of the idle mixture: Gíc- Tốc độ cầm chừng.
lơ cầm chừng
idle speed adjustment = alteration
idle mixture adjustment screw n. of the engine tickover: Sự điều
tapered adjusting screw (on some chỉnh tốc độ cầm chừng
carburettors) which controls
idle speed stabilizer = device which
the volume of air/ fuel mixture
ensures steady engine rpm at
supplied by the idle system of a
idle speed: Thiết bi ổn định tốc độ
fixedjet carburettor: Vít chỉnh hỗn
cầm chừng
hợp cầm chừng
l idle stop valve n. solenoid-
idler n. (a) gearwheel between
operated valve which cuts off fuel
a driving and a driven gear in a
gear train which may serve to in the idle system of a carburettor
reverse the original direction of and so stops the engine running-
rotation of the driven wheel: Bánh on when the ignition is switched
răng trung gian (đệm) để thay đổi off: Van cắt nhiên liệu mạch cầm
chiều quay chừng

(b) free-turning pulley or wheel l idle system n. at idle speed, the

which serves to maintain tension throttle valve is closed to such an
in a belt drive: Puli tăng đai tự extent that the airflow underneath
động the plunger no longer forms a
sufficient vacuum; the fuel is then
l idler arm n. (steering system)
supplied via an auxiliary system,
similar to the drop arm, but
the idle system, which consists of
located at the other end of the
the idle jet, the idle air jet and the
relay rod, and having a guiding
mixture control screw: Hệ thống
function only: Đòn dẫn hướng
cầm chừng
(lái)
l idling (engine) n. turning over at
l idler pulley n. spring-loaded
low speed with minimum throttle:
pulley designed to maintain the
Chế độ cầm chừng
tension of the timing belt: Puli
tăng đai tự động idling circuit = the passages, jets,

234 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

idling drag
etc. in a fixed-jet carburettor
which provide idling mixture to
the carburettor barrel: Mạch cầm
chừng (chế hòa khí)
idling drag = forward motion
of a vehicle with automatic
transmission, with engine at idle
and selector lever in position D.
It is also called creep: Chuyển
động của xe khi cài số D và động
cơ ở chế độ cầm chừng
IFS = Independent Front
Suspension: Hệ thống treo trước
độc lập
ignite v. to set fire to; to catch fire:
Đánh lửa, đốt cháy
l igniter 1. n. (air bag) bridge
igniter with detonator: Ngòi nổ
(gối hơi) 2. IC đánh lửa
l ignition n. process which
initiates the combustion of the
compressed air/fuel mixture in
the combustion chamber. In a
spark-ignition engine, the mixture
is ignited by an electric spark; in
a diesel engine, the self-igniting
mixture must be preheated by
glow plugs when a cold start is
performed: Sự đánh lửa
l ignition advance n. extent to
which the ignition spark is made
to occur ealier. It is opposite to
ignition retard: Đánh lửa sớm
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ignition coil resistor
l ignition amplifier n. device used
to increase the electrical signal in
an electronic ignition system: Bộ
khuếch đại tín hiệu đánh lửa (IC
đánh lửa)
l ignition angle n. angle, measured
in degrees crankshaft, by which
the ignition is advanced: Góc
đánh lửa
l ignition cable or ignition lead n.
general term to designate the
high-voltage cables of the ignition
system, from the ignition coil
to the distributor and from the
distributor to the sparking plugs:
Dây phin, dây cao áp
l ignition capacitor n. electrical part
which interrupts the primary current
with low loss and suppresses most
of the arcing between the contact
breaker points in conventional coil
ignitions: Tụ điện trong hệ thống
đánh lửa vít
l ignition circuits = primary circuit
and secondary circuit: Các mạch
điện trong hệ thống đánh lửa
(mạch sơ cấp, mạch thứ cấp)
l ignition coil n. = coil: bô-bin
ignition coil resistor = ballast
resistor: Điện trở phụ trong hệ
thống đánh lửa
l ignition control unit n. general
235
ignition delay
control unit of electronic ignition
systems, usually with current
and dwell angle control, driver
and output stage, in some cases
with electronic spark timing
functions: Hộp điều khiển đánh
lửa (IC đánh lửa)
l ignition delay n. time lag
between ignition triggering and
the production of a spark: Thời
gian từ lúc ngắt mạch đánh lửa
cho đến khi tia lửa xuất hiện ở
bu-gi
l ignition disabler n. standard
feature of car alarm systems:
Thiết bị ngắt đánh lửa trong hệ
thống chống trộm
l ignition file n. tool for filing
ignition points and other small
objects. It is also called contact
file,magneto file, points file: Cái
dũa vít lửa
l ignition gauge n. blade or wire-
type feeler gauge used to check
gaps on ignition systems, such
as air gaps between permanent
magnet and trigger wheel on
electric ignitions: Lá cỡ đo khe hở
cảm biến điện từ
l ignition key n. key used to switch
on the ignition: Công tắc máy
(công tắc đánh lửa)
236
ignition module
l ignition lag n. in a diesel engine,
the time lag between fuel injection
and combustion: Thời gian
trễ cháy
l ignition lead n. = ignition cable:
Dây phin, dây cao áp
ignition map n. electronic map
stored in the electronic control
unit of ignitions with electronic
spark timing and containing the
most favourable ignition angle/
ignition point for every operating
point of the engine: Các giá trị
góc đánh lửa sớm tối ưu được
nạp vào EPROM
ignition module n. = ignition control
unit: Cụm điều khiển đánh lửa
l ignition oscilloscope n.
oscilloscope used especially
for ignition tuneups; usually
integrated in an engine tester:
Máy đo dao động trong hệ thống
đánh lửa
l ignition pattern n. display of
the waveforms in the primary or
secondary circuit of an engine
system in the firing order of the
engine; optionally parade or
display pattern and stacked or
raster pattern: Dạng xung đánh lửa
l ignition point n. (a) moment of
spark firing: Thời điểm đánh lửa
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ignition system
(b) = contact breaker point: Vít lửa
l ignition point file = ignition file:
Dũa vít lửa
l ignition retard n. ignition after
top dead centre: Sự đánh lửa trễ
l ignition switch n. actuated with
the ignition key, the ignition
switch closes the primary circuit
of the ignition system: Công tắc
đánh lửa
ignition system n. subsystem of
the spark ignition engine, its
basic elements being the battery,
the ignition switch, the ignition
coil, the distributor, the sparking
plugs, and the connecting cables:
Hệ thống đánh lửa
ignition temperature n. = flash point:
Điểm khởi cháy, nhiệt độ khởi
cháy
ignition timing n. maintenance work
performed at idle by means of
a timing light, to align the timing
marks of the engine: Cân lửa
ignition toolkit n. set of small
tools usually comprising 8 small
openended spanners (size: 3/16
- 7/16 in), a feeler gauge, a small
screwdriver and a points file: Bộ
dụng cụ sử dụng cho hệ thống
đánh lửa
l ignition transformer n. transforms
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
imbalance
the primary voltage resulting
from the capacitor discharge to
the required high voltage: Sự
chuyển đổi điện áp trong đánh
lửa điện dung
l ignition transistor n. transistor that
switches the primary current of
a transistorized ignition system:
Transistor công suất trong hệ
thống đánh lửa
l ignition voltage n. the voltage at
which the spark jumps across the
electrodes; 30,000 V are quite
common today: Điện áp đánh lửa
I-head n. In US English, it is
overhead valve engine: Động cơ
với xú-páp trên nắp máy
IHP = Indicated Horsepower: Công
suất chỉ thị
illuminated a. lip up: Chiếu sáng
illuminated entry system = additional
courtesy lighting system which
illuminates the door entry area
when the door is ajar; consists
usually of lights in the lower door
panels and footwells: Hệ thống
chiếu sáng lối vào (cửa)
l illumination control n. = dimmer
control: Điều khiển độ sáng
imbalance n. lack of balance due
to uneven weight distribution: Sự
mất cân bằng
237
IMEP
IMEP = Indicated Mean Effective
Pressure: Áp suất chỉ thị trung
bình
IMI = Institute of the Motor Industry:
British organization for managers
in the motor industry: Học viện
Công nghiệp Ô tô.
immerse v. to dip into or submerge
in a liquid: Nhấn chìm (trong
dung dịch)
immobile a. unable to move: Không
chạy được
l immobilize v. to make immobile:
Làm cho xe không chạy được
l immobilizer n. device that makes
something immobile (such as
a wheel clamp): Thiết bị làm xe
không chạy được
impact n. sudden, hard, physical
contact: Chấn động
impact absorber = an impact-
damping element located
between bumper and bumper
mounting to keep impact energy
from propagating into the car
body: Thiết bị hấp thu chấn động
impact cushion = some child seats
secure the child by an impact
cushion in addition to the seat
belt or straps: Đệm giảm sự va
chạm cho ghế trẻ em
238
impact-resistant
impact damage = damage to the tyre
wall caused by contact with the
kerb or deep pothole, etc.: Sự hư
hại do va chạm
impact pipe = simplified version of
an impact absorber: Ống giảm sự
va chạm
impact sensor = crash sensor: Cảm
biến va chạm
impact strength = ability of a material
to resist shock loading strain: Độ
bền va chạm
impact stress = force per unit area
imposed on a material by an
abruptly applied force: Ứng suất
trên vật thể khi tác dụng đột ngột
l impact adhesive n. contact glue
that provides adhesion when
two coated surfaces are pressed
together: Keo dán
impact resistance test n.
determination of the resistance
to breakage by flexural shock
of plastics, as indicated by
the energy extracted from
'standardized' pendulum-type
hammers, mounted in standard
machines, in breaking standard
specimens with one pendulum
swing: Thử nghiệm khả năng vỡ
khi va chạm của nhựa
impact-resistant = stiffened (to a
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
impact screwdriver
certain degree) to resist the force
of a collision: Được gia cố để
tăng sức chống va chạm
impact screwdriver n. tool which
features a mechanism that
converts the impact from a
hammer into a powerful torque
for loosening (or tightening)
threaded fasteners: Vít đóng
tự động
impact socket n. heavy duty socket
for use with air or electric power
impact tools: Tuýp siết bằng hơi
hay điện
impact swivel ball universal joint
= the swivel ball type universal
joint is the most common type
for use with impact sockets:
Khớp nối tự lựa
impact wrench = pneumatic or
electric tool for use with impact
sockets: Cần siết hơi hoặc điện
impeller n. (a) rotating member
of a centrifugal pump which is
equipped with vanes to convert
mechanical energy into fluid
energy: Cánh bơm (bơm ly tâm)
(b) (fluid coupling or torque converter)
driving member connected to the
crankshaft via drive plate and
converter cover which generates
the fluid flow inside the converter:
Cánh bơm biến mô
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
incipient crack
l impeller eye n. inlet area of an
impeller (pump): Rãnh vào của
cánh bơm
l impeller pump n. centrifugal and
side-channel pump: Bơm cánh
quạt
imperial gallon n. UK gallon: Ga-
lông Anh khoảng 4,546 lít
impermeable or impervious a. not
capable of being permeated,
especially by fluids: Không thấm
chất lỏng
impervious to gases = not allowing
the passage of gas: Không để
khí đi qua
inboard a. located near the vehicle
centre rather than at the outside:
Vùng giữa xe
inboard brakes or discs = brakes
mounted on the inner end of drive
shafts rather than at the wheel
hub: Phanh đặt bên trong (trục)
inboard starter = Bendix starter: Máy
đề kiểu bánh răng Bendix
incar entertainment n. car audio
system, typically consisting of
a radio/cassette player and
perhaps a CD player (ICE): Các
thiết bị giải trí trong xe
incipient crack n. crack which has
just started to form: Vết nứt sơn
mới bắt đầu
239
incline
incline 1 n. slope: Mặt nghiêng, dốc
2. v. to slope: Làm nghiêng
inclined engine = in-line engine in
which the cylinders are inclined to
the vertical: Động cơ đặt nghiêng
l inclinometer n. = clinometer:
Thiết bị đo độ nghiêng
incomplete thread n. thread with
incomplete thread profile: Ren
thiếu
in-dash gauge n. gauge mounted
in the instrument panel: Đồng hồ
trên tableau
indentation n. concentrated panel
damage or specific dent that may
be caused when the car hits a
relatively small obstacle, i.e. the
towbar another car: Chỗ bị lõm
vào (thân xe)
independent suspension n. separate
suspension system for any of the
wheels: Hệ thống treo độc lập
independent front suspension =
system in which each front wheel
is sprung
independently (IFS): Hệ thống treo
trước độc lập
IFS = Independent Front Suspension
= system in which each front
wheel is sprung independently:
Hệ thống treo trước độc lập
240
indicator
independent rear suspension (IRS)
= system in which each rear
wheel is sprung independently:
Hệ thống treo sau độc lập
indicated horsepower (IHP) n.
theoretical power of an engine
calculated from the MEP in the
cylinders rather than at the shaft:
Công suất chỉ thị (động cơ)
indicated mean effective pressure
n. average pressure within an
engine cylinder during a working
cycle, calculated from an indicator
diagram (IMEP). Áp suất chỉ thị
trung bình (động cơ)
IMEP = Indicated Mean Effective
Pressure n. average pressure
within an engine cylinder during a
working cycle, calculated from an
indicator diagram. Áp suất chỉ thị
trung bình (động cơ)
indicator n. (a) instrument for
recording engine cylinder
pressure: Đồng hồ đo sức nén
indicator diagram = cylinder pressure
chart, plotted against the working
cycle of a piston or engine: Biểu
đồ áp suất (xi-lanh)
(b) = direction indicator: Đèn báo rẽ
indicator (light) n. lamp on an
instrument panel that lights up to
show the operation of something,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
indirect damage
especially the illuminated arrow
that indicates the direction in
which a vehicle is about to turn:
Đèn báo rẽ (trên táp-lô)
indirect damage n. type of damage
not caused by immediate impact
but by the spread of the impact
force into other areas of the
body, e.g. bulging or dents at
the rear of the front wing and the
leading edge of the door in the
case of direct accident damage
to the front edge of the front
wing: Sự hư hỏng gián tiếp (khi
đụng xe)
l indirect injection n. fuel injection
not into the main combustion
chamber but into some kind of
prechamber; injection pressure
are lower than with direct injection
and ignition lag is short: Sự phun
nhiên liệu gián tiếp
indirect injection engine = diesel
engine using indirect injection:
Động cơ diesel phun nhiên liệu
gián tiếp
indium n. metallic element: Nguyên
tố kim loại kí hiệu In, số nguyên
tử 49
induce v. to cause or to bring about:
Tạo ra, cảm ứng
l to induce a voltage = to produce
a voltage by electromagnetic
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
induction
induction: Tạo ra (cảm ứng)
điện thế
induction n. intake of air and fuel
through the carburettor, inlet
manifold and inlet ports into the
combustion chamber: Sự nạp
l induction manifold n. = inlet
manifold: Cổ góp hút
l induction noise n. noise caused
by the intake of air by an engine
at full throttle: Tiếng ồn trên ống
nạp khi chạy ga lớn
l induction period n. period
during the charging process of
the engine that allows for the
intake of the fresh charge into the
cylinder while the inlet control,
i. e. the valve or port, remains
open: Khoảng thời gian (kỳ) nạp
l induction pipe n. the duct,
typically an alloy manifold,
between throttle and cylinder
head; the absolute pressure in
the induction pipe, the so-called
intake vacuum, is indicative of
engine load and is used to control
many engine related functions:
Ống nạp
l induction port n. (2-stroke
engines) the port in the cylinder
wall used for admission of the
fresh charge into the cylinder:
Cổng nạp, cổng hút (hai kỳ)
241
inductive ignition system
l induction stroke n. that phase of
the 4-stroke cycle during which
the inlet valve is open and the
piston descends from TDC to
BDC, drawing air (in a diesel
engine) or an air/fuel mixture (in
a SI engine) into the cylinder: Thì
(kỳ) nạp
l induction system n. part of
the fuel system in a SI engine,
including air filter, carburettor
or injectors, inlet manifold, inlet
ports and valves: Hệ thống nạp
l induction-type pulse generator n.
= magnetic pick - up assembly:
Cảm biến điện từ loại nam châm
đứng yên
inductive ignition system n. ignition
system where the primary energy
is stored in an inductor or an
ignition coil: Hệ thống đánh lửa
điện cảm
l inductive (pulse) pick-up n. =
magnetic pick-up assembly: Cảm
biến điện từ loại nam châm đứng
yên
l inductive winding n. = pick-up
coil: Cuộn dây cảm biến điện từ
inert a. lacking a chemical action;
property of the separators used
between the plates of a battery:
Trơ, không tác dụng hóa học
inert arc welding n. a family of arc
242
inflate
welding processes in the fusion
welding category: Hàn hồ quang
bằng khí trơ (argon)
inertia drive n. = bendix drive:
Truyền động quán tính (khởi
động)
inertia pinion = pinion used in an
inertia drive: Bánh răng quán tính
l inertia fuel cutoff switch n. = fuel
pump shut-off switch: Công tắc
cắt bơm nhiên liệu bằng quán
tính (an toàn)
inertia reel seat belt n. 3-point seat
belt with an automatic retractor
reel: Đai an toàn dùng lực quán
tính để rút
infant safety seat n. = baby seat
infinitely variable transmission
n. = continuously variable
transmission: Hộp số vô cấp
inflammable a. capable of being
easily ignited and of burning
quickly: Dễ cháy
inflate v. to fill with air: Bơm hơi
l inflation control seam = a system
of inflation control seams on
advanced air bags to control
the inflation speed and inflation
characteristics. It is also called
tear seam, whose negative
connotations are perhaps
inappropriate in a safety-related
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
inflator
context: Thiết bị điều khiển tốc độ
bung gối hơi
l inflation pressure n. = tyre
pressure: Áp suất lốp (vỏ)
inflator (unit) n. assembly beneath
the folded air bag, consisting of
a combustion chamber with a
bridge igniter, a detonator and
a priming charge surrounded by
the solid propellant, and a metal
filter: Buồng giãn nở trong gối hơi
infrared radiant drier n. infrared
lamp which accelerates the drying
of large areas of fresh paint: Đèn
hồng ngoại hấp sơn
l infrared (IR) remote control n. the
control of an operation by means of
an infrared beam transmitted to a
receiver (e. g. garage door, central
locking, car alarm system, etc.):
Điều khiển từ xa bằng hồng ngoại
ingress n. entry: Ngõ vào
inhibit v. to hinder or to prevent:
Ngăn chặn, kiềm chế
l inhibitor n. additive which retards
or prevents an undesirable
reaction, e.g. phosphates, anti-
oxidants. It is opposite to catalyst:
Chất ức chế
inject (with) v. to introduce a
fluid (into something) under
pressure: Phun
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
inlet cam
l injected engine n. = fuel-injected
engine: Động cơ phun xăng
l injection-moulded a. produced
by an injection moulding
machine or process: Đúc nhựa
bằng cách phun
injection moulding machine =
machine used to produce
preformed plastic body panels:
Máy đúc nhựa kiểu phun
injection period n. the length of
time for which fuel is sprayed
into the inlet ports or combustion
chamber during fuel injection:
Thời gian phun
injection pump n. pump which
receives fuel from the fuel tank
(often through the fuel-feed pump
in the case of diesel engines) and
delivers it under pressure to the
injectors: Bơm nhiên liệu (cao áp)
injector n. precision-made device for
spraying fuel into the inlet ports or
combustion chamber: Kim phun
injector nozzle = tip of the injector,
either of multi-hole design for
direct injection or pintle design for
indirect injection: Vòi phun
inlet cam (shaft) n. the cam
responsible for the actuation of
the inlet valve in DOHC engines:
Cam nạp
243
inlet manifold heater
l inlet line n. pipe or hose on
the intake side of a component,
through which a fluid is supplied
by gravity from a reservoir or tank
located at a higher level; e.g. from
coolant expansion tank to radiator,
or from brake fluid reservoir to
master brake cylinder: Ống nạp
từ thùng (phanh, bình nước phụ)
l inlet manifold n. the component
which guides the intake air to the
cylinder head inlet ports; usually
an aluminium casting or a GRP
moulding, with one inlet opening
and as many outlets as there are
cylinders in the engine. It is also
called intake manifold: Cổ góp
hút, ống góp hút
inlet manifold heater = flame glow
plug
inlet over exhaust engine (IOE
engine) n. engine design used
on early cars. It is also called
F-head engine: Động cơ có
đường nạp nằm trên đường thải.
inlet port or (US) intake port n. (of
4-stroke engines) part of the
intake system inside the cylinder
head, from the inlet manifold
flange to the valve ports of the
combustion chamber: Cổng nạp
l inlet stroke n. = induction stroke:
Thì (kỳ) nạp
244
in-line engine
l inlet tract n. a branch of the inlet
manifold leading to an inlet port:
Nhánh ống nạp cho từng xi-lanh
l inlet valve n. in 4-stroke IC
engines, usually a poppet valve,
located in the cylinder head,
operated directly or indirectly by a
camshaft; the inlet valve is usually
larger and (on used engines)
cleaner than the exhaust valve; it
is only open during the induction
stroke. In US English, it is intake
valve: Xú-páp nạp
inlet valve closes = mark on a
valvetiming diagram (IVC): Dấu
chỉ xú-páp nạp đóng
IVC = Inlet Valve Closes = mark on
a valvetiming diagram: Dấu chỉ
xú-páp nạp đóng
inlet valve opens (IVO)= mark on a
valvetiming diagram: Dấu chỉ xú-
páp nạp mở
in-line engine n. multi-cylinder
engine, usually with three or
more cylinders that are arranged
parallel to one another and are
either mounted vertically or
at an angle (sloper engine) in
one single line; the pistons that
reciprocate in these cylinders in
turn drive a common crankshaft.
It is also called straight engine:
Động cơ có xi-lanh thẳng hàng
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
inner attachment face
l in-line power steering n. power-
assisted steering applied within
the steering box or rack: Trợ lực
lái thẳng hàng
l in-line pump n. pump whose
suction and discharge branches
are arranged in line for direct
installation into the pipework;
special foundations are
unnecessary, and the absence
of shaft couplings eliminates
alignment problems: Bơm pít-
tông có đường hút và đường xả
thẳng hàng
inner attachment face n. the part of
the brake disc directly fixed to the
wheel hub: Mặt đĩa phanh phía
bắt với trục
l inner cone n. small, innermost
part of the flame at the tip of a
blowtorch, the shape of which
indicates the torch adjustment:
Lõi ngọn lửa hàn
l inner cylinder n. working
chamber of a double-tube
shock absorber: Xi-lanh con
(ống giảm chấn)
l inner dead centre = It is also
called top dead centre: Điểm
chết trên
l inner headlight n. the inner one
of twin headlights (as for BMWs
or the Jaguar XJ series); usually
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
input shaft
for main beam only. It is opposite
to outer headlight: Đèn pha phía
trong (loại bốn đèn)
l inner liner n. innermost layer of
a tubeless tyre which provides an
airtight barrier: Lớp làm kín bên
trong vỏ (không ruột)
l inner mounting face n. = inner
attachment face
l inner race n. inner track of a
ball bearing: Rãnh trong của ổ bi
(vòng bi)
l innerspring seat n. sturdy,
sofalike seat design using spring
coils as damping elements; used
mainly by Mercedes-Benz: Ghế
ngồi đệm lò xo
l inner tube n. inflatable rubber
tube inside a tyre. Note, it is nearly
all modern tyres are tubeless:
Ruột bánh xe
inorganic a. pertaining to or
composed of chemical
compounds which do not contain
carbon as the principal element,
i.e. matter which does not come
from plants or animals. It is
opposite to organic: Chất vô cơ
input shaft n. = clutch shaft: Trục
vào (trục ly hợp)
l input variable n. the object of
measurement and control; e.g.
245
insert
pressure, temperature, etc.:
Thông số ngõ vào (điều khiển)
insert n. technique of permanently
joining plastics and other
materials, e.g. embedding steel
clips in a moulded plastic cover:
Kỹ thuật lồng chất khác vào nhựa
inside caliper n. machinist’s caliper
used to check inside dimensions:
Compa đo trong
l inside diameter (ID) n. the
internal diameter of a cylinder or
tube: Đường kính trong
inside spring caliper n. inside caliper
with spring for accurate setting:
Calip đo trong có lò xo giữ
insolation n. exposure to the rays of
the sun: Sự phơi nắng
inspection n. type of examination
which serves to evaluate
the operating condition of a
component or system; the
inspection may identify the need
for servicing or repair: Sự kiểm
tra kỹ tìm chỗ hư hỏng
inspection lamp = mains-powered
lamp with a long lead, used in
garages to inspect the underside
of cars and under the bonnet:
Đèn soi xe
inspection lot = certain quantity of a
particular item chosen at random
246
instrument cluster
for quality testing: Lô kiểm tra
(ngẫu nhiên)
inspection mirror = tool used
to inspect hidden areas on
automotive parts: Gương để
quan sát những phần khó nhìn
thấy trên xe
inspection pit = pit in the floor of a
garage providing working space
underneath a vehicle: Hầm kiểm tra
gầm xe
install v. to put something in position
ready for use: Lắp đặt
l installation n. putting something
in position ready for use. It is
opposite to removal. Sự lắp đặt
l installed height n. height at which
something is placed in position:
Chiều cao lắp đặt
instant spare n. = emergency
inflator
Institute of Road Transport Engineers
(IRTE) British organization set up
to increase the competence and
professionalism of vehicle owners
and drivers: Học viện giao thông
đường bộ
instrument cluster n. (a) array
of separate gauges in one
housing; a major component of
the instrument panel including
analogue or digital instruments
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
insulate
and indicators, but no controls
except for the trip mileage reset
button on some cars: Tableau xe
(b) several gauges integrated into
one instrument, making one unit
combining several functions, e.g.
engine temperature, oil pressure
and fuel gauge; if one gauge fails,
the entire instrument cluster must
be replaced: Tableau xe, bảng
đồng hồ
l instrument panel n. panel
below the windscreen which
accommodates the instruments
and controls. It is also called
dash, dashboard, fascia: Bảng
đồng hồ và công tắc điều khiển
l instruments and controls n.
general term covering all gauges,
indicators, switches, regulators,
and buttons: Hệ thống đo đạc và
điều khiển
insulate v. to cover with non-
conducting material, so as to
prevent the transmission of heat,
electricity or sound: Bọc lại để
cách điện hoặc nhiệt
l insulating cap n. insulated top of
the coil tower: Đầu cách điện trên
bô-bin
l insulating tape n. PVC tape
for wrapping round electrical
connections: Băng keo quấn dây
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
integral
l insulation n. (a) the process of
insulating: Sự cách điện.
(b) the material used for insulating:
Chất cách điện.
l insulator n. (a) material without
free electrons which, therefore,
is a poor conductor of electricity:
Vật liệu cách điện
(b) = sparking plug insulator: Sứ
cách điện (bu-gi)
insulator nose or tip = the tip of a
sparking plug: Phần sứ cách điện
ở điện cực giữa của bu-gi
insurance premium n. regular
payment for an insurance policy:
Phí bảo hiểm
intake manifold n. In US English, it
is inlet manifold: Cổ góp hút
l intake pipe n. = Induction pipe =
ống góp hút
l intake plenum n. = plenum
chamber = buồng nạp
l intake port n. In US English, it is
inlet port = ống nạp
l intake stroke n. In US English, it
is induction stroke = kỳ nạp
l intake valve n. In US English, it is
inlet valve = van nạp
integral a. forming part of a whole:
Toàn bộ, nguyên khối
247
inter-axle differential
l integral body and frame
construction n. = unitary
construction: Cấu trúc tích hợp
thân với sườn xe
l integral colour anodizing n.
anodizing process in which the
colour is produced by using
special electrolytes: Quá trình
a-nốt hoá để tạo màu
l integral moulded seat n. seat
with integrated 3-point seat belt:
Ghế xe dính với đai an toàn
l integral-type power (assisted)
steering n. = in-line power
steering
l integrated child (safety) seat n.
rear seat that can be converter
into a child seat: Ghế an toàn
dành cho trẻ em
l IDI = Integrated Direct Ignition
System n. distributorless ignition
system consisting of two separate
ignition coils, an ignition module,
a secondary conductor housing
mounted to an aluminium cover
plate, a crankshaft sensor, and
electronic spark timing: Hệ thống
đánh lửa trực tiếp tích hợp
inter-axle differential n. = centre
differential: Cầu trung tâm (cầu
chính)
l inter-cell link n. electric conductor
248
intercrystalline
that carries electric current
between the adjacent cells of a
battery: Thanh nối giữa các ngăn
ắc quy
interchangeable head torque wrench
n. wrench that does not have
the usual square drive for use
with sockets, but is designed to
accept special interchangeable
heads: Cần siết có đầu tuýp thay
đổi được
intercoat adhesion failuren. situation
in which one coat of finish peels
off or can easily be stripped off
with masking tape from another
layer underneath: Bong sơn
intercooler n. heat exchanger of
the air-to-air or air-to-water type
which
lowers the charge air temperature
to obtain higher air density and
better volumetric efficiency: Bộ
giải nhiệt cho khí nạp trong hệ
thống tăng áp
l intercooling n. cooling of the
charge air between compressor
and engine: Sự giải nhiệt khí nạp
intercrystalline or intergranular
corrosion n. small outbreaks
of rust occurring along crystal
boundaries of metals or alloys:
Vết rỉ bên trong giữa các tinh thể
kim loại
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
interference
interference n. noise from the
ignition system that affects radio
and TV reception: Sự nhiễu vô
tuyến từ hệ thống đánh lửa
interior n. & a. (the) inside (of) a
vehicle: Nội thất xe
interior light = courtesy light: Đèn
trần.
interior mirror = rearview mirror
located centrally near the top of the
windscreen: Gương chiếu hậu
interior noise level = level of noise
inside the vehicle, typically in the
range from 45 - 90 dBA from idle
to full throttle; at 70 mph between
66 - 87 dBA: Mức ồn bên trong xe
interior trim = panels, linings,
decorative facings, upholstery
and covers inside a vehicle: Đồ
trang trí trong xe
interleaf friction n. friction between
individual leaves of a leaf spring:
Sự ma sát giữa các lá nhíp
interlock 1 v. (gear train members)
to fit together: Ăn khớp vào nhau,
cài vào nhau
2 n. device in a changespeed
gearbox which prevents two gears
being engaged at the same time:
Cơ cấu chống kẹt số khi sang số
intermediate 1 a. between two things
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
intermittent wiper control
or extremes: Trung gian, giữa. 2
n. American car category, with
space for 5 - 6 passengers and a
length of 207 - 215 ins: Xe Mỹ loại
trung với 5, 6 chỗ
l intermediate coat n. any coat
of paint between the first coat
(primer) and last coat (finish):
Lớp sơn giữa
l intermediate (drive) plate or
interplate n. disc between the
driven plates in a twin plate clutch:
Đĩa truyền động trung gian
l intermediate gear n. any gear
between bottom gear and top
gear, but usually refers to second
or third gears: Bánh răng trung
gian
l intermediate rod n. = relay rod:
Cần trung gian
l intermediate shaft n. rotating
shaft joining two other shafts:
Trục trung gian
intermittent a. occurring at regular or
irregular intervals: Ngắt quãng,
gián đoạn
intermittent fault = fault which comes
and goes (and annoyingly never
occurs when the car is taken into
the garage for repair): Trục trặc,
hư hỏng không liên tục
intermittent wiper control n. operates
249
internal circlip pliers
the wipers at preset intervals;
typically adjustable from 2 to 40
seconds. In US English, it is mist
action: Sự điều khiển ngắt quãng
cần gạt nước
internal circlip pliers n. special
pliers with pointed jaw tips for the
installation and removal of internal
circlips: Kìm mở phe bên trong
internal combustion engine n. type
of engine in which the fuel is
burned within the cylinders of
the engine (as opposed to, for
example, the steam engine) and
the gaseous combustion products
serve as the thermodynamic fluid;
the spent gases are released into
the atmosphere; the term internal
combustion engine covers all
types of reciprocating and rotary
engines, but is typically used with
reference to fourstroke petrol and
diesel engines (IC engine): Động
cơ đốt trong
internal damage n. damage to the
body shell that is not usually
visible from the outside: Sự hư
hại bên trong
internal diameter n. = inside
diameter: Đường kính trong
l internal gear n. internally toothed
annulus gear: Bánh răng trong,
vòng răng trong
250
ISO
l internal gear pump n. gear
pump which has one rotor with
internally cut teeth meshing
with an externally cut gear idler;
a crescent-shaped partition is
used to prevent liquid from
passing back to the suction
side of the pump; a typical oil
pump, characterized by quiet
operation and high capacity:
Bơm bánh răng
l internal micrometer n. micrometer
for inside measurements such as
distances between two parallel
surfaces or inside diameters of
cylinder and main bearing bores:
Vi kế đo trong (panme)
internal resistance n. the resistance
inherent in a voltage source,
such as a battery: Điện trở trong
(ắc quy)
internal thread n. thread on the
inside of a nut or similar into
which the external thread of a
bolt or screw fits. It is also called
female thread: Ren trong
l internal vane pump n. = sliding-
vane pump: Bơm kiểu cánh trượt
ISO = International Standards
Organization n. Genevabased
organization established (in
its present form) in 1947 to
standardize units of measurement
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
interplate
and technical design: Tổ chức
tiêu chuẩn quốc tế
interplate n. = intermediate plate:
Bản trung gian
interruptor n. It is also called
thermostatic interruptor: Bộ ngắt
intersection n. road junction: Sự
giao nhau của đường
interval operation n. intermittent
operation: Sự hoạt động ngắt
quãng
IOE engine n. = inlet over exhaust
engine: Động cơ có ngõ nạp nằm
trên ngõ thải
ion n. electrically charged particle
formed by losing or gaining
electrons; particles of this type
make a solution of certain
chemicals a conductor of
electricity: Ion
l ioniccurrent measuring method
or technique n. measuring the
conductivity in the spark gap in
order to select a sparking plug
of the correct heat range: Kỹ
thuật (phương pháp) đo điện trở
khe hở bu-gi để xác định chỉ số
nhiệt
iridescent a. displaying a spectrum
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Izod method
of glittering, shimmering colours;
often changing as the position
or angle from which they are
observed, changes: Óng ánh
nhiều màu sắc
iron n. most common metallic
element, it is used for making
steel. In US English, it is tyre
lever: Sắt
IR remote control n. = Infrared
Remote control
IRS = Independent Rear Suspension
isooctane n. liquid hydrocarbon used
to determine the octane rating of
fuels: Hydrocarbon lỏng dùng để
xác định chỉ số octane
isolator n. item that prevents
interaction between two
components: Vật ngăn cách
Izod method or test n. impact
resistance test in which the
specimen is held as a vertical
cantilever beam and is broken
by a single swing of a pendulum,
with the line of initial contact at a
fixed distance from the specimen
clamp and from the centreline of
the notch and on the same face
as the notch: Phương pháp Izod
để kiểm tra độ cứng
251
jack
Jj
jack n. mechanical or hydraulic
device for raising (part of) a car:
Cái kích, con đội
jack stand = axle stand: Con đội kê,
con đội chết (ba chân)
jack up v. to raise using a jack: Kích
lên (xe ô tô)
jacking point = strengthened place
on the under body to put the jack.
With small cars, which have one
point on each side, but larger
cars it may have two: Điểm đặt
kích (dưới gầm xe)
jackknife v. to go out of control
when braking harshly so that the
trailer slews round at an angle to
the cab (articulated lorries): Mất
điều khiển khi phanh (xe kéo
container)
jackshaft n. = intermediate shaft:
Trục trung gian
jalopy n. a worn-out old car: Ô tô
rất cũ
252
jet needle
jamb switch n. push-button light
switch located in a door jamb
(e.g. for courtesy lights, boot
light): Công tắc cửa
jam nut n. = self-locking nut: Đai
ốc tự hãm
jerking see jolting
jet n. (i) precision-made hole to
control the flow of petrol, air or air/
fuel mixture, as in a carburettor:
Gíc-lơ, lỗ tia
(ii) the nozzle containing such a
hole: Vòi phun
jet adjuster = nut that regulates the
volume or strength of the air /
fuel mixture in a variable-choke
carburettor: Vít điều chỉnh gíc-lơ
jet carrier or jet head = removable
plug in a carburettor containing
the jet: Ốc đậy lỗ gíc-lơ
jet needle = tapered needle in a
carburettor jet: Kim lỗ tia
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
jet tube
jet tube = tube that houses the main
jet in an SU carburettor: Ống
chứa gíc-lơ chính
jet process n. process by which the
thickness of hot-dip galvanized
coating on steel strips can
be regulated, allowing the
application of coatings of different
thicknesses on the two sides of
steel strips: Quá trình điều chỉnh
bề dày lớp phủ
J-flange n. most widely used rim
flange type for passenger car
wheels; the J-flange is 17.3 mm
in height: Mép niềng hình chữ J
jib-jack n. lever-type tower jack:
Kích nâng bằng cần
JJD wheel n. safety wheel which
can be run when deflated:
Bánh xe an toàn (có thể chạy
khi xì vỏ)
job n. particular piece of work: Công
việc, việc
lube job = lubrication of an engine:
Sự bôi trơn động cơ
valve job = replacing or regrinding
old valves: Sự thay thế hay mài
lại xú-páp
jockey pulley or wheel n. free-
turning, spring-loaded idler used
to tension the timing belt: Puli
căng đai
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
jounce and rebound
joggle 1 n. slight step along the
edge of a panel to provide a level
mounting and welding surface
so that it can be overlapped
against the adjacent panel for
subsequent lap or spot welding:
Gờ, vấu, mí
2 v. to join by means of a joggle: Nối
bằng gờ
l joggler n. metalworking tool
used for creating a joggle: Dụng
cụ tạo vấu
joint n. the interface at which two
or more mechanical or structural
components are united: Khớp
nối, mối nối, mối ghép
l joint splitting tool n. = ball joint
separator: Dụng cụ tháo khớp
nối cầu
jolting n. effect caused by harsh
clutch release: car body jerks
repeatedly in a longitudinal
direction: Sự giật khi nhả ly hợp
joule n. SI unit of measurement of
energy: Đơn vị năng lượng, kí
hiệu J
jounce and rebound n. = bump and
rebound
l jounce buffer or bumper n.
compression buffer at the top of
the shock absorber or strut: Cái
đệm giảm xóc
253
journal
journal n. the part of a shaft which
is supported by a bearing: Cổ trục
joyride 1 n. a reckless drive in a
stolen car: Chạy xe liều lĩnh trên
xe trộm được
judder 1 v. to shake or vibrate:
Rung xóc
2 n. shaking or vibration (brake
judder; clutch judder; wiper blade
judder): Sự rung xóc
juggernaut n. a very large goods
lorry: Xe tải nặng
jumper cable n. (US) = jump lead:
Dây nối tắt
l jump leads n. pair of well-insulated
electrical cables with crocodile-
clip ends, used to connect the
two live terminals of a functioning
battery to the dead terminals
254
just-in-time system
of a flat one to get a car with a
discharged battery started: Cặp
dây nối ắc quy ngoài để khởi
động
l jump start v. to start a car with
a flat battery using jump leads to
obtain a charge from a nearby
live battery: Khởi động bằng cách
nối ắc quy ngoài
junk 1 n. scrap: Phế liệu, sự cắt vụn
2 v. to scrap: Cắt vụn, đập vụn ra
l junkyard n. place where cars are
sent for scrap: Bãi xe phế liệu
just-in-time system n. system of
production where components
are delivered as they are required
rather than keeping them in store:
Hệ thống sản xuất nhịp nhàng
(Nhật)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Kadenacy effect
Kk
Kadenacy effect n. when a port of a
two-stroke engine opens abruptly,
as the case with a rectangular
exhaust port, the cylinder
pressure gives rise to a positive
pressure wave transmitted down
the exhaust pipe at the speed
of sound Kadenacy: Hiệu ứng
Kadenacy
kangarooing n. (informal) moving
forward in a succession of sudden
jerks as a result of improper use
of the clutch, (a characteristic of
learner drivers): Xe chạy không
đều do mới học lái
KAM = keep alive memory n. =
fault memory: Bộ nhớ mã lỗi
kerb n. stone edging between
the pavement and the road. In
US English, it is called curb: Lề
đường
l kerb weight n. weight of a
vehicle with fuel, oil and coolant
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
key
but without occupants, luggage
or payload: Khối lượng xe không
có người và hành lý
kerosene or kerosine n.(a) fuel for
jet engines: Xăng cho động cơ
phản lực.
(b) US = paraffin: Dầu hỏa.
key 1 n. (a) metal instrument for
turning locks and key-operated
switches: Chìa khóa
(b) small peg or wedge that fits into a
keyway: Chìa khóa
(c ) L-shaped tool for turning: Khóa
chữ L để quay
(d) recessed screws (e. g. Allen key):
Khóa mở ốc chìm
l key file n. small file with a
length of 100/ 150 mm for
sharpening key holes and other
small components, available in
standard shapes, e. g. as flat
tapered, flat parallel, half round,
255
keyless entry system
three square, square or round
file: Dũa nhỏ mài lỗ khóa
keyless entry system n. allows
locking and unlocking of the
vehicle’s doors and boot without
using a key: Hệ thống khóa cửa
không chìa khóa (từ xa)
keyway n. slot cut into a component
which accepts the key (b) of
another component to ensure
such a tight fit that the two
components operate as one:
Rãnh đút chìa khóa
K-flange n. rim flange type for
passenger car wheels; the
K-flange is 19.3 mm in height and
rarely used today: Mép niềng xe
kiểu K
kick v. In US English, it is go off:
Xuất phát
l kickdown n. (automatic gearbox)
system that enables a driver
to accelerate rapidly, by fully
depressing the accelerator pedal
to engage a lower gear than the
one selected by the automatic
gearbox (KD). In US English, it
is forced downshift: Hệ thống gia
tốc nhanh trong hộp số tự động
bằng cách đạp hết ga
kickdown valve = mechanically or
electrically operated valve which
actuates a downward gearchange
256
kilopascal
if the accelerator pedal is fully
depressed: Van xuống số khi
tăng tốc
l kickplate or kick strip n. = scuff
plate
l kick start v. to start a motorcycle
engine by kicking a pedal
downwards: Cần khởi động
l kickstarter n. pedal lever and
ratchet mechanism for kick
starting
an engine: Cơ cấu khởi động bằng
cần (giò đạp)
l kickup n. raised section of
the frame and body to provide
clearance for the front and/or rear
suspension system or axles: Sự
nâng gầm
l kickup pipe = exhaust pipe
section including the elbow or U
around the rear axle: Ống uốn
khúc của bộ giảm thanh (pô)
kidney dolly n. = toe dolly
kilometre (km) or (US) kilometer n.
unit of length (1 km = 0.621 mile;
1 mile = 1.61 km)
kilometres per hour (km/h) = unit of
velocity: Đơn vị đo vận tốc
kilopascal (kPa) n. SI measurement
of pressure (= 1000 Pascals):
Đơn vị đo áp suất
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
kingpin
kingpin n. vertical or inclined shaft
about which a steered wheel
pivots: Trụ quay lái
kingpin axis = centreline of the
ball joints in a front suspension
system. It is also called swivel-
axis inclination: Đường tâm
của khớp bi trong hệ thống treo
trước
kingpin offset = geometric
parameter: ‘positive’ if the
kingpin axis intersects the
wheel plane at or below ground
level, ‘negative’ if the point of
intersection is above ground
level. It is also called scrub
radius: Góc kingpin
kink 1 n. twist or sharp bend in a
hose: Chỗ thắt nút, chỗ xoắn trên
ống mềm
2 v. to form a kink (check for kinked,
clogged, or damaged hoses): Thắt
nút, xoắn lại (ống mềm)
kit n. set of tools, parts, etc.: Bộ
dụng cụ, bộ phụ tùng
l kit car n. car that is assembled
(often by the DIY enthusiast) from
its constituent parts; usually with
a GRP body shell: Xe tự lắp
K-jetronic n. commonly used
mechanical fuel injection
system made by Bosch in which
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
knuckle
the amount of fuel injected
continuously under pressure into
the inlet ports is controlled by
an airflow meter: Hệ thống phun
xăng liên tục kiểu cơ khí
knifing stopper n. fine grade filler for
minor dents and chips: Loại matit
để dặm vá các vùng lõm nhỏ trên
thân xe
knock n. = engine knock: Tiếng gõ
động cơ, kích nổ
l knock control n. retards the
spark advance when detonation
occurs: Sự kiểm soát kích nổ
knocker n. (informal US English) =
panel puller
knock limit n. degree of spark
advance before detonation: Góc
đánh lửa sớm tại thời điểm có
kích nổ
knock-off/on nut n. = spinner
l knock-off wheel n. splined-hub
wheel with one central locking
nut (spinner) which is knocked
on and off with a soft-headed
hammer: Bánh xe một ốc khoá
knock resistance n. = octane
number: Chỉ số chống kích nổ
l knock sensor n. = detonation
sensor: Cảm biến kích nổ
knuckle n. (i) the joint of a hinge
257
knuckle arm KPI

through which the pin passes: fingers: Khía trên ốc để dễ vặn

Bản lề
2 v. to roughen with knurls: Tạo
(ii) hinged joint between two rods khía knurled nut = thumb nut with
or tubes: Khớp nối hai trục (ống)
knurled sides: Đai ốc có khía
l knuckle arm n. = steering arm:
l knurling n. roughening with knurls:
Trục dẫn hướng
Sự tạo khía
l knuckle pin n. = kingpin knurl 1
n. (on nuts, knobs) (series of) KPI = Kingpin Inclination: Độ nghiêng
small ridges to provide a grip for trụ quay lái

258 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

L laminated glass
Ll
L (a) Low: Số thấp (hộp số tự động)
Labour v. to struggle to keep
turning due to lack of revs or the
use of too high a gear (engine):
Di chuyển khó vì tốc độ thấp hoặc
số cao
l labouring n. (of engine) having
difficulty in turning. In US English,
which is lugging: Lì máy
ladder chassis or (US) ladder frame
n. chassis layout in which the
side members are connected at
intervals by cross members, like
a ladder; common on coachbuilt
designs, obsolete in modern
unitary construction designs:
Khung xe hình cái thang
lake pipes n. non functional side
pipes fitted for decorative
purposes only: Các ống bên hông
để làm đẹp xe
lambda n. eleventh letter of the
Greek alphabet: l - chữ cái Hy
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Lạp thứ 11
l lambda probe or lambda sensor
n. = oxygen sensor: Cảm biến
oxy, cảm biến lambda
l lambda window n. narrow range
(where lambda = 1), which yields
the lowest emission values for
CO, NOx, and HC: Vùng quanh
điểm tỷ lệ hoà khí lý tưởng l = 1
laminate 1 n. a sheet of material
made of several different bonded
layers: Tấm do nhiều lớp khác
nhau dán lại
2. v. to make material by bonding
together several thin sheets:
Được ép ra từ nhiều tấm
l laminated glass = sandwich-type
construction of two or more panes
of glass laminated together with
an extremely tough, crystal-clear
plastic film; on severe impact,
laminated glass will crack, but not
shatter like ordinary glass, nor
259
lamp
craze over like toughened glass:
Kính an toàn có nhiều lớp (khi
đụng chỉ nứt mà không vỡ)
l laminated iron core = the core
of an ignition coil consisting of
pieces of soft iron laminations,
insulated from one another: Lõi
sắt của bô-bin gồm nhiều miếng
ghép lại
l laminated windscreen = l lamp panel = panel that encloses
windscreen made with laminated
glass: Kính trước được ép từ
nhiều miếng mỏng
l laminating n. covering sheets
with a particular layer or covering
moulded parts with a specific
plastic film: Ép nhựa
l lamination n. (i) act of laminating,
(ii) thin layer, (iii) structure made
up of thin layer: Sự ép, lớp mỏng,
cấu trúc làm từ nhiều lớp mỏng
lamp n. lighting unit: Cái đèn
l lamp aperture = opening in a
sheet metal panel for mounting
the headlamp or taillight: Lỗ
khung bắt đèn đầu hoặc đuôi
l lamp blackening = blackening of
a light bulb; gradual blackening
of conventional, i.e. non-halogen
light bulbs, occurs as a result of
metal vapour deposition on the
glass envelope which reduces
260
landau
light emission; severe blackening
indicates imminent bulb failure:
Sự đen đầu bóng đèn do vonfram
bốc hơi
l lamp cluster = group of lamps
behind a cover; the rear lights of
most cars are grouped together
in clusters: Cụm đèn gồm nhiều
bóng gần nhau
part or all of the headlamp or
taillight cutout and may extend
across the width of the car to
include both cutouts; in the latter
case, it forms an additional panel
to be joined to the smaller front or
rear valances: Khung đèn
l lamp socket = In US English, it is
bulb holder: Đui đèn, lỗ cắm bóng
đèn
l lamp unit = sealed light unit with
reflector and lens all-in-one: Cụm
đèn tích hợp gồm cả gương phản
chiếu và lăng kính
land n. smooth, open area of a
(grooved) surface, such as the
bands of metal between the
grooves in a piston which carry
the piston rings: Rãnh xéc-măng
landau or landaulet n. classic
car style characterized by the
fact that only the rear seats
were protected by a hard or
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
lane
convertible top, whereas the
driver was exposed to the open
air in order to be more aware of
road and weather conditions; an
imitation landaulet style is still
found on some American sedans
(saloons): Loại xe cổ điển mui
trần nhưng có tấm che ghế sau
lane n. (a) narrow road, often in the
country: Đường hẹp
(b) track on a road, defining lines of
traffic: Làn xe, tuyến
lap 1 n. rotating disc covered with
fine abrasive for polishing: Đá mài
2 v. (valve seats etc.) to polish
with a lap: Mài (đế xú-páp) bằng
đá mài
l lap belt n. 2-point belt pulled
across the hips, or lap belt
portion of a combined lap/
shoulder belt; mostly only on
the rear centre seat, on some
models on all rear seats: Đai an
toàn buộc qua hông
l lap joint n. (welding) simple
joint made by overlapping one
surface with another and joining
them together: Sự ghép mí, hàn
chồng mí
lash n. free play: Khoảng dịch
chuyển tự do
last station memory n. (audio/video)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
lateral atomization orifice
circuit which ensures that when
the unit is turned on, the tuner
automatically tunes to the station
that was received before the unit
was turned off: Mạch nhớ đài cuối
(radio, TV)
latch n. part of the locking
mechanism of doors, bonnets,
boots, tailgates: Chốt, then gài
latching pillar n. = B-pillar: Trụ đỡ
trung tâm khung cửa
lateral a. relating to the side: Thuộc
mặt bên, ở bên
l lateral acceleration n. centrifugal
force moving a vehicle towards
the outside of a curve when
cornering: Lực trượt ngang khi
quay vòng
lateral air passage n. passage at
the nozzle of a spray gun for
shaping the spray pattern to a
long or elongated oval: Lỗ không
khí ở đầu súng phun sơn định
dạng tia phun
lateral atomization orifice = additional
passages at the nozzle of a spray
gun for supplying additional air
to break up the paint into smaller
droplets: Lỗ phụ ở đầu vòi phun
sơn dùng để tán nhỏ sơn
l lateral grip n. ability of a tyre to
maintain its course, or remain
under normal steering control, while
261
lay-by
being subjected to directionally
disturbing influences: Sự ổn định
chuyển động của bánh xe khi có
tác động bên ngoài
l lateral impact n. side crash: Sự
va chạm bên hông
l lateral runout n. side-to-side
wobble (e. g. of wheel, brake
disc, rotor). The maximum lateral
runout of a brake disc should
not exceed 0.004 in or 0.1 mm:
Độ đảo bề mặt (bánh xe, đĩa
phanh,…)
l lateral stability n. = lateral grip:
Sự ổn định ngang
l lateral stiffness n. resistance of a
vehicle body structure to lateral
impact: Khả năng chịu lực của
khung đối với chấn động bên
hông (Độ cứng ngang)
lay-by n. place at the side of a road
where drivers can stop (to rest):
Nơi có thể dừng xe (trạm dừng)
layer of pure zinc n. top layer on
hot-dip galvanized steel which, in
contrast to zinc-iron alloy layers,
almost completely consists of
zinc: Lớp kẽm mạ trên thép
l layer thickness n. coating
thickness (indicated in
micrometres or millimetres): Độ
dày lớp phủ (sơn)
262
lead
layrub coupling n. universal joint
using four moulded rubber inserts
mounted on a round steel plate:
Khớp nối layrub có bốn cục cao
su lồng vào đĩa thép
layshaft n. intermediate shaft
between and parallel to the input
and output shafts, carrying the
two pairs of gearwheels which
provide the required changes
in gear ratio. In US English, it
is countershaft: Trục trung gian
(có gắn cặp bánh răng) trong
hộp số
lazy tongs n. (i) any device with
extensible arms (often in the form
of a series of crossed, hinged
bars) for handling objects at a
distance: Dụng cụ có tay nối
(ii) specifically, a type of pop rivet
gun with such arms: Súng tán ri-
vê có đầu nối
LCD = liquid-crystal display: an
optical, digital display used in the
instrument panel: Màn hình tinh
thể lỏng
LDC = lower dead centre: Điểm
chết dưới
LDPE = low-density polyethylene:
Nhựa PE tỷ trọng thấp
lead 1 n. soft, toxic, heavy metal
used in starter batteries, and
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
lead-acid battery
in leaded fuel as an anti-knock
agent: Chì
lead-acid battery = system of lead
plates and dilute sulphuric acid;
used as a starter battery and
as a traction battery in electric
vehicles: Ắc quy axít chì
lead-antimony grid = Lưới sườn bản
cực bằng hợp kim chì antimon
lead deposit = lead particles that
separate from the battery plates
during normal operation: Lớp cặn
chì (ắc quy)
leaded petrol = petrol to which lead
has been added as an anti-knock
agent: Xăng pha chì
lead-free petrol = unleaded petrol:
Xăng không pha chì
lead glazing = faulty sparking plug
condition caused by molten lead
salt deposits that solidify into a
yellow, brown or green glaze:
Tình trạng bu-gi bị hư do điện
cực bị bám chì
lead loading = the process of filling
dents and damaged areas of the
bodywork with body lead: Sự
trám chì (làm đồng)
lead peroxide = poisonous
compound used, for example, as
an electrode in batteries: PbO2 –
chất làm bản cực dương ắc quy
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
leading shoe
lead sulphate = chemical compound;
poisonous white crystals found in
discharged batteries: Sunfat chì
lead tolerance = resistance to leaded
fuel: Chống xăng pha chì
lead weight = balance weight on a
wheel rim: Miếng chì cân bằng
trên mâm bánh xe
lead 2 n. (a) connection cable for
an electric current: Dây nối (điện)
(b) (bolt, screw) distance from
the thread crest to the adjacent
crest of the same thread: Bước
ren
lead and lag n. terms referring to
the time between a valve opening
and TDC or BDC (valve lead),
and the time between TDC or
BDC and a valve closing (valve
lag): Thời gian từ lúc xú-páp
đóng đến khi pít-tông lên điểm
chết trên hoặc chết dưới và thời
gian xú-páp mở đến khi pít-tông
lên điểm chết trên hoặc chết dưới
leading a. forward or at the front:
Dẫn đầu, đầu
leading arm = front suspension link
which supports the wheel in front
of the pivot point: Đòn dẫn hướng
leading shoe = shoe of a brake drum
system which pivots outwards
into the approaching drum. In US
263
leaf spring
English, it is primary shoe: Bố
phanh (trống)
leaf spring n. flat, narrow, metal
strip of varying length used as a
spring: Lò xo lá, nhíp
lean a. of a weak air/ fuel mixture
that has less petrol than normal,
which is opposite to rich: Thiếu
xăng (hỗn hợp hòa khí nghèo)
l Lean Authority Limit Switch n.
developed by GM to monitor
heated carburettor inlet air
through an air cleaner TVS and
to prevent the control unit from
providing the carburettor with
too lean a mixture, for better
performance when starting from
cold: Công tắc giới hạn hoà khí
nghèo (để dễ khởi động)
l lean-burn engine n. engine which
uses a lean mixture of fuel and
air to increase fuel economy and
reduce exhaust emissions: Động
cơ đốt nghèo
l lean mixture n. mixture with
more oxygen than necessary
to burn the fuel contained in the
mixture, which is opposite to rich
mixture. Hỗn hợp hòa khí nghèo.
LED = light-emitting diode: a
semiconductor device used for
digital displays in the instrument
panel: Đi-ốt phát quang
264
lens
left-hand drive (LHD) a. steering
system where the steering
wheel is located on the left-hand
side of the vehicle; used for
driving on the right, as in most
parts of the world, except for
some Commonwealth countries
(e.g. the UK and Australia), and
Japan, which is opposite to
right-hand drive: Tay lái thuận,
tay lái bên trái
l left-hand thread n. thread
which will accept a nut turned
anticlockwise: Ren ngược
leftward welding n. welding a
seam towards the left: Hàn theo
hướng trái
legroom n. the amount of space
available to move one’s legs in
a vehicle: Chỗ để chân, chỗ duỗi
chân
LE-Jetronic n. the LE-Jetronic system
incorporates the advantages of
direct airflow measurement with
the enhancements afforded by
electronics: Hệ thống phun xăng
điện tử đo trực tiếp lưu lượng
khí nạp
lemon n. a new or used car with
many defects: Xe có quá nhiều
khuyết điểm
lens n. glass or plastic front cover
of a headlight through which the
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
let in
light converges or diverges: Thấu
kính, kính khuếch tán ở đèn đầu
let in v. (clutch) to engage: Gài khớp.
l let out v. to release: Nhả khớp
xả level n.: Mức
l level out v. to work on a panel to
remove irregularities with the use
of hammer and dolly or by filling
and sanding, etc.: Làm phẳng
(gò) thân xe
l level plug n. threaded plug in
the side of a gearbox or rear
axle to determine if sufficient
oil has been used during filling:
Que thăm dầu
levering bar n. metalworking tool
shaped like a large tyre lever with
flat hooked ends for levering bent
panels back into position: Cái đe
lớn (làm đồng)
LH = left hand: Bên trái, bằng tay trái
L-head n. L-shaped combustion
chamber: Buồng cháy hình chữ L
L-head engine = side valve engine:
Động cơ có xú-páp bên hông
licence or (US) license n. document
giving official permission to do
something: Bằng cấp, giấy phép
l license plate n. which is number
plate: Bảng số
lift n. (a) amount by which a poppet
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
light-alloy piston
valve rises when opened: Khoảng
đội xú-páp
(b) aerodynamic force caused by
greater pressure above the
car than below it and having
the effect of loss of traction
and stability; (counteracted by
a suitable spoiler): Xe bị bồng
bềnh do lực khí động
l lifter n. In US English, it is tappet:
Con đội
liftgate n. In US English, it is tailgate:
Cửa sau
lifting platform take-up point n. any
of the lifting points specified by
the manufacturer for supporting
the car on a lifting platform: Điểm
đội (gầm xe)
lift pump n. fuel pump: Bơm nhiên
liệu
light 1 a. (a) easy to operate, which
is opposite to heavy: Nhẹ nhàng,
dễ sử dụng
(b) weighing relatively little; not
heavy: Nhẹ
2. n. (a) illumination, as from
lamp: Soi sáng
(b) vehicle window: Cửa sổ (kính) xe
l light-alloy piston n. alloy piston:
Pít-tông hợp kim nhẹ
265
light-alloy wheel
l light-alloy wheel = alloy wheel:
Mâm bánh xe hợp kim nhẹ (đúc)
l light bulb n. It is also called bulb:
Bóng đèn
l lighter n. electric, push-button
device on the dashboard which,
when depressed, produces a red-
hot filament for lighting cigarettes,
etc.: Cái mồi thuốc lá trong xe
l light-fast a. unaffected by light:
Không bị ảnh hưởng bởi ánh
sáng
l light-footed a. used to describe a
mode of driving which uses gentle
pressure on the accelerator, thus
maximizing fuel economy: Kiểu
lái xe đạp ga nhẹ để tiết kiệm
nhiên liệu
l light-off temperature n. the
temperature at which a catalytic
converter achieves a 50%
conversion rate; typically near
2500C: Nhiệt độ mà bộ xúc tác
hoạt động 50%
l lights-on reminder n. usually
a buzzer, chime or voice alert
which reminds you that you have
left the car lights on: Báo còn bật
đèn bằng tiếng còi hoặc giọng nói
l light truck or van n. typically
a vehicle under 3 tons, which
includes pickups, passenger
266
limp-home mode
vans and most 4WD vehicles and
for which one does not need a
special licence: Xe tải nhẹ
l light unit n. = It is also called
lamp unit: Cụm đèn
limit n. the performance limit of a
car's chassis, tyres, etc. typically
experienced during sharp
cornering at high speeds: Sự giới
hạn tính năng của thân xe, bánh
xe khi quay vòng gấp ở tốc độ
cao
l limit cycle control n. = closed-
loop control: Chu trình điều khiển
kín
l limited-slip differential n. axle
differential or central differential
incorporating a locking or slip-
limiting mechanism to counter
wheel spin: Cầu vi sai với cơ cấu
khóa
l limiter n. = engine speed limiter:
Cơ cấu giới hạn tốc độ động cơ
limousine or (informal) limo n.
large luxurious car with a glass
partition between driver and
passengers: Loại xe lớn dài sang
trọng, có kính ngăn giữa buồng
lái và khoang sau
limp-home mode (of operation) n.
standby circuit which allows a car
with electronic system trouble to
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
 linear
be driven home slowly: Sự chạy
bằng hệ thống dự phòng khi xe
gặp sự cố (hệ thống điều khiển
động cơ)
linear (source) lamp n. = festoon
bulb: Bóng đèn trang trí
l linear wiper system n. system in
which the wiper arm is attached
both at the top and bottom and,
instead of describing the usual
arc, is guided in a straight line
from one side of the windscreen
to the other: Hệ thống gạt nước
với thanh gạt chạy thẳng
line pressure n. line pressure is
fed to the shifting components
when they are to be applied; it
increases in proportion to engine
speed and is the highest pressure
in the hydraulic control system:
Áp suất đường ống
liner n. = cylinder liner: Ống lót
xi-lanh
line spanner n. = flare nut spanner:
Cờ lê nụ, ống tuýp
lining n. (a) interior trim, e. g. of doors,
convertible tops: Lớp vải mui
(b) friction material (e. g. on brake
shoes in drum brake, on clutch
disc, on brake bands in automatic
transmission): Chất ma sát trong
bố phanh, bố ly hợp…
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
liquefied natural gas
linishing n. smoothing sheet metal
using power tools, e. g. with an
angle grinder and emery belt or
grinding disk: Sự mài nhẵn tấm
kim loại
link n. (a) movable, hinged piece
connecting moving parts of a
machine: Thanh nối, mắc nối
(b) = suspension link: Các thanh nối
hệ thống treo
l linkage power steering n. linkage-
type, power-assisted steering
system in which a conventional
manual system is assisted by
hydraulic or pneumatic effort
applied directly to a track rod: Trợ
lực lái kiểu thanh nối
lip n. the edge of a sheet metal panel
folded at right angles to the basic
panel contours; often used to
mount the panel to an adjacent
panel, e. g. for spot welding: Mép,
miệng (tấm, vỏ khung)
l lip seal with garter spring n. =
radial shaft seal: Phớt chận nhớt
trục ngang
liquefied natural gas (LNG) n. e.
g. methane, possible future
alternative fuel for SI engines:
Khí thiên nhiên hóa lỏng
l liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) n.
by-product of oil refining, mainly
267
liquid-cooled
butane or propane or a mixture
of the two gases, used as a fuel
for some SI petrol engines: Khí
đồng hành hóa lỏng
liquid-cooled a. (engine) cooled by
the passage of water or oil. It is
opposite to air-cooled: Làm mát
bằng nước hoặc nhớt
l Liquide Hydraulique Minerale
(LHM) n. green hydraulic fluid
used by Citroen for some of their
suspension systems: Nhớt thuỷ
lực màu xanh dùng cho hệ thống
treo Citroen
l liquid gasket n. room temperature
vulcanizing gasket sealer (from a
tube): Roong lỏng
l liquid paint n. paint which
contains solvents and cures at
room temperature or by baking:
Dung dịch sơn
l liquid pump n. machine used
to raise liquids from a low to a
high energy level by transferring
energy to the medium being
pumped: Máy bơm chất lỏng
list price n. the price ex-factory,
as quoted in the price list, as
opposed to the actual sales price
which will include on-the-road
charges: Bảng giá gốc
little end n. small end of the
268
load
connecting rod: Đầu nhỏ thanh
truyền
live axle n. a power-transmitting
axle: Trục truyền động
L-Jetronic air flow meter n. airflow
meter used on the L-Jetronic
system: Bộ đo gió kiểu L
l L-Jetronic (fuel injection) system
n. electronically controlled fuel
injection system: Hệ thống phun
xăng điện tử kiểu L
load n. (a) something to be born or
transported: Tải
(b) amount of material transported:
Trọng tải
(c) amount of power carried by an
electric circuit: Tải điện
(d) resistance overcome by an engine
when it is driving a machine: Sức
tải (động cơ)
l load alteration effect n. reactions
in the drive train or, in FWD
vehicles, in the steering, due to
sudden load alteration: Phản ứng
của phần động lực, của hệ thống
lái khi tải trọng thay đổi đột ngột
l load controlled power distribution
n. drive torque distribution, as
established e.g. by a Torsen
differential: Sự phân phối công
suất theo tải trọng
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
load floor extension
l load floor n. (i) cargo-carrying
area of a van or lorry: Thùng sau
xe tải
(ii) floor of the luggage area of an
estate car or hatchback: Ngăn
chứa đồ sau xe du lịch
load floor extension = moulded tray
that folds out of the rear luggage
area and provides an extended
load floor which hangs out over
the bumper; (can also be used
for picnics): Sàn chứa đồ kéo
rộng được
l load index (LI) n. coded number
on the sidewall of a tyre to
indicate the maximum load the
tyre may carry at a given speed
under manufacturer’s conditions:
Chỉ số tải trọng của bánh xe
l load rating n. = load index: Chỉ
số tải trọng
l load resistor n. = ballast resistor:
Điện trở phụ (đánh lửa)
load-sensitive proportioning valve n.
valve which regulates hydraulic
pressure to the rear wheels as
a function of chassis height-to-
axle distance: Van phân phối
theo tải trọng
load transfer n. = weight transfer:
Sự chuyển tải
lobe n. = cam lobe: Vấu cam
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
lock
l lobe-type supercharger n. a
positive displacement compres-
sor with twolobed rotors: Bơm
tăng áp kiểu cam quay
local cell n. galvanic cell resulting
from differences in potential
between adjacent areas on the
surface of a metal immersed in
an electrolyte: Pin cục bộ
localized corrosion n. corrosion
occurring at one part of a metal
surface at a much higher rate
than over the rest of the surface,
e.g. pitting corrosion, crevice
corrosion. It is opposite to uniform
corrosion: Sự ăn mòn cục bộ
locating dowel n. = It is also called
dowel pin: Chốt định vị
locating lug or pin n. projection or
pin for holding a part in a specific
position: Chốt định vị
locating spring n. (of disc brakes)
steel wire clip that secures the
cylinder in a floating frame or
caliper frame: Lò xo định vị
lock 1 (a) n. device for closing
something with a key to prevent
unauthorized entry: Ổ khóa
(b) (steering) amount by which the
wheels of a vehicle are able to
turn: Góc lái có thể
full lock = the maximum angle
269
lock cylinder
attained by the wheels when the
steering wheel is turned to its full
extent: Góc lái tối đa
v. (a) to close with a key: Khóa bằng
chìa
to fix or become fixed in a certain
position: Làm cố định, định vị
(c) (gear train members) to interlock
or couple: Sự cài vào nhau (bánh
răng)
l lockable differential n. = limited-
slip differential: Vi sai có cơ cấu
khóa
l lockable wheel n. wheel that can
be secured to the hub with a lock:
Bánh xe có cơ cấu khóa
l lock angle n. = steering angle:
Góc lái
l lock buster n. = lock pulier
lock cylinder n. cylinder in the middle
of a cylinder lock that is prevented
from turning (locked) by a number
of pins (typically five) which
penetrate down through the wall
of the cylinder: Xi-lanh có chốt
định vị
lock facing n. the surface of a door
to which the lock is attached: Bề
mặt lắp khóa (cửa xe)
l locking bar clamp n. locking
clamp with sliding jaw providing
270
locking synchromesh
extended clamping capabilities:
Bàn kẹp, ê-tô
locking clamp n. locking pliers with
specially shaped jaws for vice
work and intricate clamping jobs:
Kìm có răng khóa
locking differential n. differential with
the facility for locking together
the two half shafts, thus putting
the differential out of action and
greatly improving traction: Bộ vi
sai có khóa
l locking lug bolt/nut n. antitheft
wheel lug bolt/nut: Bulông/ đai ốc
khóa bánh xe để chống trộm.
l locking mechanism or locking
reel n. device which locks the
reel of a seat belt when the
forward acceleration of the
occupant exceeds a certain
value: Cơ cấu khóa chặt đai an
toàn khi xe tăng tốc
locking pliers n. pliers with locking
jaws: Kìm có răng khóa
locking synchromesh n. common
synchromesh mechanism in
which the synchromesh pressure
is proportional to the gearchange
force, thus preventing overriding
of the synchromesh action due
to hasty operation of the lever;
the gear and gearchange sleeve
are prevented from engaging
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
long block
until rotational speeds are
synchronized: Bộ đồng tốc
l lock nut n. (i) nut screwed on top
of another nut (ii) self-locking
nut: Đai ốc tự hãm, đai ốc hãm
l lock picker set n. set of special
door lock picker; attached to the
outside of a car door lock, the
lock puller rips out the entire lock
cylinder: Đồ nạy ổ khóa
l lock ring pliers n. tool for
removing and installing heavy-duty
circlips, used e. g. on brakes,
transmissions, pedal shafts, and
clutch shafts: Kìm mở phe
l lock-up clutch n. automatically
engaged clutch in a lock-up
torque converter which prevents
slipping losses: Cơ cấu nối ly
hợp trong biến mô (hộp số tự
động)
l lock-up torque converter = torque
converter in which the pump
can be mechanically locked to
the turbine, eliminating any loss
through the fluid: Bộ biến mô có
khóa tua-bin
long block n. the long block consists
of the short block plus oil pump
and sump, cylinder head(s),
camshaft(s) as well as the
complete valve train. It is opposite
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
long-nose self-grip pliers
to short block: Khối động cơ đầy
đủ chi tiết
long block engine n. engine with
a relatively long crankshaft. It is
opposite to short block engine:
Động cơ có trục khuỷu dài
longeron n. main side member:
Thanh dọc chính (khung xe)
long-haul a. long distance: Khoảng
cách dài
longitudinal a. lengthways: Theo
chiều dọc
longitudinal engine = traditional
engine layout used on most
RWD vehicles with the cylinders
lying lengthways from the front
to the back. It is also called
north – south layout: Động cơ
đặt dọc
longitudinal girder or member = side
member: Thanh dọc chính của
sườn xe
long-nose pliers n. pliers with half
round and tapered jaws, often
with a wire cutter and used for
electrical work. It is also called
snipe-nose pliers: Kìm mỏ dài
long-nose self-grip pliers = locking
pliers with extra long reach jaws:
Kìm mỏ tự hãm
l long-reach C-clamp n. self-grip
locking clamp with extra long
271
long stroke engine
C-shaped jaws: Cái kẹp hình
chữ C
long stroke engine n. reciprocating
piston engine whose bore
diameter is smaller than the
stroke; a relatively long stroke
produces higher low-end torque
at the cost of increased piston
speeds and reduced revving
ability. It is opposite to short
stroke engine: Động cơ có hành
trình pít-tông dài
loom n. = wiring harness: Búi (bó)
dây điện
loop scavenging n. method of
scavenging used on two-stroke
motorcycle engines: Quá trình
quét khí kín (hai kỳ)
loosen v. to make (something) less
tight; to slacken: Nới lỏng.
lorry n. large motor vehicle for
carrying goods. In US English,
which is always truck: Xe tải
lost-core technique n. method of
producing thermoplastic inlet
manifolds: Phương pháp chế tạo
ống góp hút bằng nhựa
l lost-foam casting (process) n.
casting method using foamed
plastic cores, giving the surface
of the casting the appearance
of styrofoam; used for engine
272
lowball
blocks: Phương pháp đúc dùng
lõi nhựa bọt
loud pedal n. (informal) accelerator
pedal: Bàn đạp ga
louvre or (US) louver n. (a) air
ventilation slot stamped in several
rows into bonnets and bootlids
(b) = VENT: Lỗ thông hơi
Low (L) n. (automatic transmission)
driving gear ratio for hilly terrain;
the top gear is not engaged, and
the engine brake takes effect: Tay
số thấp, tay số L
low-bake booth n. closed section
in painting lines in a paint shop,
in which coats of paint are dried
at low temperatures: Phòng sấy
chậm
l low-bake equipment = equipment
for drying coats of paint at low
temperatures: Thiết bị sấy sơn ở
nhiệt độ thấp
l low-bake paint = respray paint
baked at 800C, giving a high-
quality finish but requiring suitable
low-bake spray booths/ovens:
Sơn nóng
lowball n. (US) in car sales,
the practice of stating a very
low price for a new car to a
customer who is known or
expected to be comparison
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
 low battery
shopping: Đề nghị giá thấp khi
biết khách hàng so giá
low battery n. nearly flat battery: Ắc
quy yếu
low beam n. In US English, it is
dipped beam: Đèn cốt, đèn chiếu
gần
low-carbon steel n. steel containing
0.03 to 0.3 percent carbon
(typically 0.2%): Thép cacbon
thấp
low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
n. a relatively soft, flexible
polyethylene, used mainly for
plastic film and sheet: Nhựa tổng
hợp tỷ trọng thấp
low-emission a. generally, releasing
relatively few pollutants into the
environment: Mức ô nhiễm thấp
của khí thải
lower dead centre (LDC) n. =
bottom dead centre: Điểm chết
dưới
lower front panel n. = front apron:
Tấm chắn phía trước
low fuel indicator n. warning light
which comes on when fuel is
getting low (usually indicating,
when the light first comes on, that
there is still sufficient fuel to travel
at least 25-50 miles): Đèn báo
mức nhiên liệu thấp
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
low-pressure cut-out
low gear n. first or second gear,
used for driving off and climbing
steep hills. It is opposite to high
gear: Số thấp
l low geared a. characterized by
a small gearwheel (on an input
shaft) driving a large one (on the
output shaft), providing a high
gear ratio and high torque: Bánh
răng nhỏ truyền động bánh răng
lớn để tỷ số truyền lớn
low-loader n. lorry for heavy loads
with a low-level loading platform
and often an extension ramp or
lift-operated tailboard which can
be lowered to street level: Xe tải
có bửng sau hạ sát đất để lấy
hàng
low-maintenance battery n. battery
with removable vent caps that
only requires topping-up about
once a year: Ắc quy ít cần bảo
dưỡng
low oil sensor n. = oil level sensor:
Cảm biến mực dầu
l low oil warning light n. = engine
oil level warning light: Đèn báo
mực dầu
low-pressure cut-out n. device
which protects the air conditioning
system by switching the
compressor off when a pressure
loss occurs: Van áp suất thấp bảo
273
low-profile air cleaner
vệ máy nén (điều hoà)
l low-pressure foaming n. process
in which plastics are foamed
under low pressure (1-5 bar).
It is opposite to high-pressure
foaming: Sự tạo bọt của nhựa với
áp suất thấp
l low-pressure pump or low-head
pump n. pump used for low total
heads; in the case of centrifugal
pumps the low-pressure pump
has a nominal total head not
exceeding 80 m: Bơm áp suất
thấp
low-profile air cleaner n. usually a
circular, flat, chrome-plated air
cleaner, mounted on top of the
carburettor: Bộ lọc gió tròn trên
bộ chế hoà khí
low-profile tyre n. tyre with a
wide tread but no comparative
increase in height: Vỏ xe có gai
rộng nhưng không cao
low rider n. customized car lowered
to the extreme through body and
suspension modifications: Xe
được hạ thấp (khung)
low side n. (of air conditioning
systems) side between the
expansion valve or orifice tube
and the compressor; includes the
evaporator: Phần áp thấp của hệ
thống điều hoà nhiệt độ
274
lube
low spot n. indentation on a panel
surface: Vết lõm trên thân xe
low temperature activity n. denotes
the ability of a catalytic converter
to purify exhaust gases in the
warm-up phase following a cold
start: Khả năng hoá khử ở nhiệt
độ thấp
low temperature fouling n. = carbon
fouling: Đóng muội do nhiệt độ
thấp
low tension n. low voltage: Hiệu
điện thế thấp
low voltage circuit n. = primary circuit:
Mạch sơ cấp, mạch hạ thế
low zinc technology n. technology
used in present-day phosphating
processes: Công nghệ mạ kẽm
mới.
L-section ring n. special piston ring
characterized by its L-shaped
cross-section: Mặt cắt xéc-măng
dạng L
LT circuit n. = primary circuit: Mạch
sơ cấp
lube n. (informal) lubrication: Sự
bôi trơn
l lube oil = lubrication oil: Dầu
bôi trơn
l lube job = lubrication: Sự bôi trơn
l lubricant n. oily or greasy
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
lubrication lustre or (US) luster

substance used to reduce friction lug n. (a) device mounted on a

between parts or objects in rotating shaft or component
relative motion: Dầu nhờn, chất that engages in a recess of a
bôi trơn component to be driven: Mấu
l lubricate v. to cover or treat with khớp (trục)
a lubricant: Bôi trơn
luggage n. travelling bags or
l lubricating oil n. refined crude suitcases: Hành lý
oil used as a lubricant: Dầu bôi
l luggage carrier = rack bolted
trơn
on top of the boot lid for taking
l lubricating pressure = pressure of
luggage or the spare wheel (often
a lubricating oil: Áp suất dầu bôi
seen on old sports cars where
trơn
space was at a premium): Giá
lubrication n. covering or treating mang hành lý
moving surfaces with oil or grease
to keep them apart to reduce lugging n. In US English, it is
friction and wear: Sự bôi trơn labouring = cam đội

l lubrication film = coat of lubricant lug nut n. In US English, it is wheel

to reduce the friction created
when two surfaces move on one
another: Màng dầu bôi trơn
l lubrication point = place at which
to apply lubricant: Chỗ bôi trơn,
điểm bôi trơn
l lubrication pump = pump used
to supply oil to lubricating points,
particularly for plain bearings:
Bơm nhớt
l lubrication system = the system
in the engine that supplies engine
parts with lubricating oil to prevent
contact between any two metal
surfaces: Hệ thống bôi trơn
nut. Đai ốc cam
lumbar support n. seat support for
the lower back: Thanh chống
lưng ghế
luminance n. luminous intensity
of a surface in a given direction
per unit of projected area of the
surface, in candela per square
metre; not the same as the
apparent brightness: Cường độ
sáng
lustre or (US) luster n. reflected
light; sheen or gloss: Nước bóng,
vẻ rực rỡ

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 275

luxe (L) Lysholm supercharger

luxe (L) n. although the word means type supercharger similar to

luxury, it is often used to denote a the Roots compressor, but
rather basic model: Loại xe hạng more efficient and much more
sang
expensive Lysholm: Bộ tăng áp
Lysholm supercharger n. lobe- kiểu Lysholm

276 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

M macromolecule
Mm
M and S tyre n. mud and snow tyre;
winter tyre with a deep tread M
and S: Loại lốp xe đi trên bùn và
băng tuyết
machine screw n. screw with a
thread running the lengh of
the shank and available with a
variety of different heads: Vít
bắt vào kim loại
l machinists’ caliper n. measuring
tool with two curved arms for
inside or outside measurement;
the reading taken with the arms
is transferred to a steel rule or
micrometer to attain the exact
value: Compa đo trong và đo
ngoài
l machinists’ hammer = ball peen
hammer: Búa thợ máy có một
đầu tròn
MacPherson strut n. (suspension)
unitary construction of spring and
damper elements with the hub
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
carrier being attached rigidly
to the outer tubular member:
Thanh giằng MacPherson (hệ
thống treo)
l MacPherson strut tower = sheet
metal panel surrounding the
upper mount of the MacPherson
strut at the side panels of the
engine compartment; it may be
a separate panel fitted by spot-
welding or a deep-drawn section
of the side panel shaped to take
the upper strut end. It is also
called suspension leg turret. :
U bắt ống nhún trước (kiểu
MacPherson)
l MacPherson suspension =
suspension layout incorporating
MacPherson struts: Hệ thống
treo kiểu MacPherson
macromolecule n. any very
large molecule, such as a
synthetic polymer used in the
277
MAF
manufacture of plastic: Phân
tử lớn, đại phân tử
l macromolecular a. with very large
molecules: Với các đại phân tử
MAF = Mass Air Flow: Không khí
tính bằng khối lượng
MAG n. = magneto: Ma-nhê-tô (hệ
thống đánh lửa kiểu cũ bao gồm
cuộn dây, vít lửa và nam châm
vĩnh cửu)
magnesium wheel n. = alloy wheel:
Mâm bánh xe loại hợp kim
magnetic clutch n. = ectro- magnetic
clutch: Ly hợp loại điện từ
l magnetic (drain) plug n. plug
fitted in the sump to collect metal
debris: Nút từ tính trong các-te
dầu để hút mạt kim loại
l magnetic field n. the portion of
space found in the vicinity of
a magnetic body or a current-
carrying medium in which the
forces due to the body or current
can be detected: Từ trường
magnetic pick-up (assembly) n. pulse
generator consisting of a stator with
a permanent magnet and a rotor,
which induces an AC voltage in the
inductive winding by the periodical
change of the air gap between
stator and rotor: Cảm biến điện từ
loại nam châm cố định
278
magneto ignition
magnetic pick-up (tool) n. tool with
flexible or rigid shaft and magnetic
tip used to retrieve dropped nuts,
bolts, and other metal parts from
hard-to-reach places: Thanh dài
có gắn nam châm ở đầu để lấy
các vật rơi bằng sắt, thép
l magnetic screwdriver n.
screwdriver type tool with a
magnetized hexagon socket
end to accept and operate
hex shank bits and hold them
securely; often also with a
magazine handle for bit storage:
Tuốc-nơ-vít có nam châm
magnetized a. made magnetic: Bị
từ hóa
magneto or (informal) mag n. small
electric generator in which the
magnetic field is produced by a
permanent magnet; especially
used to generate the electric
current providing a spark for the
ignition: Ma nhê tô (máy phát
điện nam châm vĩnh cửu)
l magneto file n. tool for filing
ignition points and other small
objects: Giũa vít lửa (nhỏ)
magneto ignition n. compact
assembly of a magneto
generator, an ignition coil, and
a distributor: Bộ đánh lửa bằng
ma-nhê-tô
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
magnet sensor
magnet sensor n. = hall vane switch:
Cảm biến Hall
mag wheels or (informal) mags n. =
alloy wheels: Mâm bánh xe loại
hợp kim
main bar or bow n. (soft top) the
bar which carries the main load
when the hood is raised and
taut, and defines the hinge point
for the folding motion: Thanh
chống chính
main beam n. long-range setting
of a vehicle’s headlamp; as the
beam is directed straight ahead,
it will dazzle oncoming traffic if
used incautiously. In US English,
which is high beam. : Chùm sáng
chính (đèn pha)
l main beam indicator = blue
indicator light in the instrument
cluster which comes on when
the main beam is in use: Đèn báo
đang bật pha (trên tableau)
main bearings n. bearings bolted
to the underside of the cylinder
block, that located support the
camshaft: Bạc lót cổ trục chính
main combustion chamber n. with
diesel engines, the fuel may
be injected in three different
locations: in the prechamber,
the swirl chamber, or the main
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
main sun visor
combustion chamber (for direct
injection engines), depending on
the process used: Buồng cháy
chính
main jet n. main jet in a carburettor
through which most of the fuel
flows: Lỗ tia chính trong bộ chế
hòa khí
main mixture discharge nozzle n. jet
through which the petrol and air
is fed into the carburettor barrel
where it becomes the air / fuel
mixture: Vòi phun chính trong
bộ chế hòa khí để phun hỗn hợp
nhiên liệu
main regulating system n. the
carburettor components are
divided into the fuel intake control,
the main regulating system, the
idle system includes the main jet,
jet needle, needle jet and throttle
valve, whose purpose is to
provide an appropriate amount of
fuel and air to the carburettor: Hệ
thống điều tiết nhiên liệu chính
trong bộ chế hòa khí
main shaft n. gearbox output shaft:
Trục ra của hộp số
main sun visor n. in dual visor
system, the main visor is moved
sideways and the secondary visor
is flipped down, thus shielding the
driver from the sun from both the
279
maintenance
front and side: Tấm che nắng
maintenance n. the work undertaken
by a car owner to keep his vehicle
in good working order; typically
checking the tyres, lights, oil and
coolant levels, windscreen wipers
and seat belts: Sự bảo dưỡng,
bảo trì
l mainternance-free a. requiring
no work in order to be kept
operational: Không cần bảo
dưỡng
l maintenance-free battery = trên đường ống nạp
battery with a permanently sealed
top, thus requiring no topping-
up: Bình ắc quy không cần bảo
dưỡng
l maintenance manual n. book
of instructions detailing routine
maintenance: Sổ tay bảo dưỡng
major diameter n. diameter
measured from the crest of a
thread to the corresponding crest
on the opposite side of the bolt or
screw: Đường kính đỉnh ren
male thread n. = external thread:
Ren ngoài
man (short for) manual gearbox:
Hộp số thường
manganese phosphate coating
n. phosphate coating with
added manganese to increase
280
manual
resistance to wear and fatigue:
Lớp phủ Photphat có thêm
Mangan để chống mòn và tăng
độ bền mỏi
manifold n. a casting connecting
a series of inlets or outlets to a
common opening: Ống góp
l manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
sensor n. sensor which transmits
data referring to the inlet manifold
vacuum to the engine controller:
Cảm biến đo áp suất tuyệt đối
l manifold heater n. system used to
improve the cold start behaviour
of an engine, consisting of heating
ducts incorporated into the inlet
manifold that are connected to
the water coling system of the
engine; alternatively, an electric
heater may be used: Bộ sưởi
đường ống nạp
manoeuvre v. to drive or steer a
vehicle around obstacles or in a
confined space: Điều khiển xe
vòng qua chướng ngại vật
manoeuvrability n. the ease
with which a vehicle can be
manoeuvred: Tính linh hoạt, tính
dễ lái của xe
manual 1 a. done by hand: Được
làm bằng tay
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
manual-crank window
2 n. (a) book of instructions: Sách,
tài liệu hướng dẫn
(b) = manual gearbox: hộp số điều
khiển bằng tay (hộp số thường)
(c) (informal) car with a manual
gearbox: Xe sử dụng hộp số
thường
l manual-crank window n. =
manually operated window: Cửa
kính xe quay tay.
l manual gearbox or US manual
transmission n. set of movable
gears permitting the speed ratio
between input and output shafts
to be changed manually and at
will: Hộp số thường
l manually operated window n.
window operated by turning
a level by hand: Cửa kính xe
quay tay
l manual panel cutter n. cutting
tool drawn manually across
a panel surface to cut to the
desired shape: Thiết bị cắt khung
bằng tay
l manual transmission n. In US
English, it is manual gearbox:
Hộp số thường
l manual valve (MV) n. (automatic
transmission control) distributes
line pressure to the various
control valves and pistons which
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
marbling
operate the multi-plate or band
brakes or the clutches; operated
by the driver via the selector
lever: Van điều khiển bằng tay
(điều khiển hộp số tự động)
l manual version n. passenger
car with a manual gearbox: Thế
hệ xe dùng hộp số thường
manufacturer’s performance ratings
n. performance data as specified
by the car manufacturer: Thông
số kỹ thuật xe (từ nhà sản xuất)
MAP = Manifold Absolute Pressure:
Áp suất tuyệt đối trên đường
ống nạp
map-controlled or mapped ignition
(system) n. microprocessor-
controlled ignition system with
electronic ignition timing by
means of an ignition map stored
in the control unit memory: Hệ
thống đánh lửa được điều khiển
bởi máy tính với góc đánh lửa tối
ưu được nạp trong bộ nhớ
map light n. interior light to facilitate,
for example, map reading: Đèn
trong xe để xem bản đồ
mapping n. = characteristic map:
Đặc tuyến đánh lửa sớm nạp vào
EPROM dưới dạng bảng
marbling n. producing a special
decorative effect with rotating
281
marker light/ lamp
brushes: Đánh bóng bằng bàn
chải xoay
marker light/ lamp n. = side marker
light/ lamp: Đèn kích thước bên
hông xe
Marles steering n. form of cam-and-
roller steering Marles: Hệ thống
lái Marles dạng cam – con lăn
marque n. ‘name’ of a car (such
as ‘MG’), which is an important
marketing tool, and inspires
customer loyalty: Nhãn hiệu xe,
mác xe
mask v. to cover the surrounding
area when paint spraying to
protect it from splashes: Che kín
vùng gần chỗ sơn
l masking tape n. adhesive tape
used to cover surfaces that
border an area to be painted, so
as to protect them: Băng keo dán
để che vùng gần chỗ sơn
mass airflow meter n. device for
measuring the mass flow of air
into an engine (MAF): Cảm biến
đo khối lượng khí nạp
l mass damper n. device which
reduces or prevents vibrations
or oscillations, usually a weight
which counteracts (balances)
undesirable motions; used on
drive shafts of some FWD cars:
282
master con rod
Bộ giảm rung dùng khối lượng
cân bằng
l mass-produced car n. car which is
manufactured in great numbers
to a standard pattern and with
extensive mechanization: Ô tô
được sản xuất hàng loạt
l mass tone n. (colour matching)
the tone of a paint as it appears
from the colour of the paint
in the can; this is required for
formulating the ingredients of a
paint tone: Tông màu nền
l mass transit system n. system
designed to transport large
numbers of people (or goods):
Hệ thống được thiết kế để
chuyên chở nhiều người hoặc
hàng hoá
master con rod n. in two-stroke dual
piston engines, the connecting
rod that is articulated directly
on the crankshaft: Thanh truyền
chính (hai kỳ)
l master cylinder n. large cylinder
in a hydraulic system in which the
hydraulic fluid is compressed by
a piston: Xi-lanh cái (phanh)
l master model or master pattern
n. first precision model of an
automobile based on a clay
model or CAD-data; essential for
the manufacture of prototypes:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
mastic seam sealant
Mô hình mẫu ô tô bằng đất sét
hoặc máy tính
l master vac (servo unit) n. =
vacuum brake booster: Bộ trợ lực
phanh dùng chân không
mastic seam sealant n. soft
waterproof sealant for joints: Chất
matit làm kín mối nối
mat (t) a. (of a finish) dull, not
shiny: Mờ
mate v. to fit together: Rà
l mating a. fitting together;
matching: Ăn khớp với nhau
l mating gears = gears which mesh
together: Bánh răng ăn khớp
l mating surface = surface which
interacts perfectly with another:
Bề mặt ăn khớp
l mating thread = thread which
engages with a corresponding
thread, such as the female and
male threads of a nut and bolt:
Ren ăn khớp
maximum (brake) power n. maximum
power of an engine as measured
by a dynamometer: Công suất tối
đa đo bởi máy đo công suất
mean effective pressure (MEP) n.
average pressure on a piston in
a cylinder during a power stroke:
Áp suất hiệu dụng trung bình
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
mechanical advance
l mean indicated pressure n.
mathematical value that indicates
the relation between the effective
area of the work diagram of
the two-stroke engine and the
movement of the piston: Áp suất
chỉ thị trung bình
mechanic n. person who works on
engines or machines: Thợ máy
l mechanic’s stethoscope =
sonoscope: Ống nghe của thợ
máy
mechanical advance n. = centrifugal
advance (mechanism): Cơ cấu
đánh lửa sớm ly tâm kiểu cơ khí
l mechanical efficiency n. ratio of
brake horsepower to indicated
horsepower: Hiệu suất cơ
(động cơ)
l mechanical (face) seal n. shaft
seal consisting of two highly
polished mating surfaces, one
surface being connected to the
shaft (rotating element) and the
other to the casing (stationary
element): Miếng đệm kín
đầu trục
l mechanical galvanizing n. =
mechanical plating: Mạ (tráng
phủ bề mặt) cơ khí
l mechanical ignition timing n.
centrifugal and vacuum advance:
283
megajoule
Sự điều chỉnh góc đánh lửa sớm
bằng cơ khí
l mechanical plating n. deposition
of zinc on another material by a
cold-peening process, such as
tumbling: Mạ cơ khí
l mechanical surface treatment
n. producing a dull or rough
surface or a decorative finish by
grinding, brushing, polishing or
abrasive blasting: Xử lý bề mặt
bằng cơ khí
megajoule (MJ) n. SI measurement
of energy (= 1000,000 joules):
Đơn vị đo năng lượng theo hệ SI
member n. general term that
refers mainly to the side rails and
crossmembers but also to any
structural hollow-section part on
a car: Chi tiết trên khung
l member of the gear train n. sun
gear, internal gear, and planet
carrier are the members of a
planetary gear train: Chi tiết của
bộ bánh răng truyền động
memory button n. button which
operates the position of electric
seats, mirrors, etc. and which
stores the requirements of a
particular driver in its memory:
Nút chọn vị trí trong hệ thống điều
khiển ghế bằng máy tính
284
metal catalyst
MEP = Mean Effective Pressure: Áp
suất hiệu dụng trung bình
mercury switch n. safety switch to
prevent erroneous deployment of
the air bag: Công tắc thủy ngân
(trong điều khiển gối hơi)
mesh v. to engage, which is opposite
to disengage: Làm cho ăn khớp
l meshing drive n. device for
engaging the starter pinion with
the flywheel ring gear: Sự truyền
động ăn khớp
l meshing spring n. component
of a pre-engaged starter which
ensures that the shift lever will
move to its final position and that
the starter current will be switched
on incase of tooth abutment: Lò
xo trả khớp đề
message centre n. usually a multi-
functional display of a diagnostic
system: Màn hình chẩn đoán đa
chức năng
metal catalyst n. catalyst whose
active phase is supported by a
metal substrate, i.e. sheet steel:
Chất xúc tác có nền kim loại
l metal cutter n. bench tool for
cutting sheet metal: Bàn cắt tấm
kim loại
l metallic a. referring to or consisting
of metal: Thuộc về kim loại
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
metallic finish
l metallic drive screw = thread-
cutting screw: Ta-rô
metallic finish or metallic paint n.
paint type incorporating small
metallic flakes which reflect light,
which is opposite to solid paint:
Lớp sơn ánh kim
metallize v. to coat or impregnate a
metal or non-metal surface with
metal, as by metal spraying or
by vacuum evaporation: Phủ
kim loại
metallographic examination n.
test to determine the structural
composition of a metal as shown
at low and high magnification
and by X-ray diffraction methods:
Sự kiểm tra cấu trúc tế vi của
kim loại
metal mesh n. = wire mesh: Lưới
kim loại
l metal monolith n. = metal support:
Lớp nền kim loại trong vi mạch
l metal shears n. scissor-like
hand tool for cutting sheet
metal. It is also called snips:
Kéo cắt kim loại
l metal spraying n. coating
of surfaces with droplets of
molten metal or alloy by using a
compressed gas stream: Sự phun
kim loại
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
methanol
l metal support n. (in a catalytic
converter) thin corrugated strips
of steel alloy rolled up into a tight
coil as a support for the catalyst:
Giá đỡ chất xúc tác
l metalworking n. forming and
shaping metal: Công nghệ kim
loại
meter 1 n. device for measuring the
quantity of a substance passing
through it: Thiết bị đo lưu lượng
2 v. (a) to measure with a meter: Đo
đạc
l metering port n. part of the
metering unit in the fuel distributor:
Lỗ định lượng (phun K)
metering unit n. unit which regulates
the quantity of fuel injected in the
K-jetronic system: Bộ phận định
lượng xăng phun (K)
metering valve n. valve positioned
in the hydraulic line to the front
brakes, on some cars with front
disc and rear drum brakes: Van
phân phối (phanh)
methacrylate n. polymer used in
toughening rubber: Chất nhựa
độn làm cứng cao su
methanol n. used in petrol/
alcohol blends, in a variety of
concentrations blended with
unleaded petrol and solvents; a
285
methylated spirits
typical methanol content is 3%;
use of petrol blends with methanol
will void the new car warranty
of most car manufacturers. It is
formerly called methyl alcohol:
Rượu methanol
methylated spirits n. almost pure
alcohol (which has wood alcohol
and colouring added to make it
unfit for human consumption);
used for cleaning: Cồn pha màu
(dùng để làm sạch)
metric thread n. one of two
commonly used screw threads:
Ren hệ mét
metro driving n. In US English, it is
urban driving: Lái xe ở trung tâm
đô thị
MF = Multi-Focal: Nhiều tiêu điểm
l MF headlight = conventional
headlight with a multiple-focus
parabolic reflector: Đèn đầu xe
loại nhiều tiêu điểm
MG (short for) Morris Garages; a
popular old British sports car
marque Morris Garages: Một loại
xe thể thao cổ nổi tiếng của Anh
microbial corrosion n. corrosion
associated with the action of
micro-organisms present in the
corrosion system: Sự ăn mòn do
vi sinh
286
MSTS
microcar n. small car, popular in
the 1950s, that featured a body
offering full-weather protection
and mechanics often derived
from motorcycle technology, e.g.
Goggomobil, BMW Isetta, etc.:
Xe ô tô rất nhỏ
microgalvanic cell n. = local cell:
Pin cục bộ
micrometer n. (a) instrument for
taking very small measurements,
such as measuring the width
or thickness of very thin pieces
of metal, etc. (b) micrometre:
Panme, vi kế
l micrometer (type) torque wrench
= click-type torque wrench: Cần
siết lực có thang đo dạng vạch
chia
micrometre or micron n. unit of
measurement of thickness (=
one thousandth of a milimetre):
Micromet
micro oil filter n. special oil filter
designed to trap particles down
to 1 micrometre in order to allow
extended oil change intervals in
the order of 60,000 miles without
affecting engine life: Bộ lọc dầu
tinh
MSTS = Microprocessor Spark
Timing System n. = mapped
ignition system: Hệ thống điều
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
mid-engine car
khiển thời điểm đánh lửa bằng vi
xử lý
mid-engine car n. car whose
engine is located behind the
passenger compartment but
within the wheelbase: Xe có
động cơ đặt ở giữa
mid-size car n American car
category which encompasses
practically all cars which would
be considered large outside the
USA; some typical examples are:
Audi 100/200, BMW 7-series,
Buick Regal, Dodge Dynasty, Ford
Taurus, Mazda 626, Mercedes
S-class (at least prior to 1991),
Mercury Cougar, Oldsmobile
Cutlass, Pontiac 6000, Volvo
740/940: Ô tô cỡ trung
mid-range n. middle of the rev range,
around 3000 rpm: Số vòng quay
trung bình
midbed n. in dual bed catalytic
converters with air injection, the
plenum between the three-way
catalyst and the conventional
oxidation catalyst, into which
secondary air is injected: Ngăn
giữa bộ xúc tác ba ngã
midrange torque n. pulling power
of the engine in the middle of the
rev range: Mô-men quay ở số
vòng quay trung bình
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
mileage
MIG = Metal Inert Gas: Kim loại khí
trơ (que hàn)
l MIG welding = arc welding
method in which the electric
current is provided by the filler
metal wire which is cooled and
shielded from the access of air
by a stream of chemically inert
gas, thus preventing oxidation of
the joint: Kỹ thuật hàn MIG (dùng
que hàn và khí trơ)
migrate v. (of electrophoretic paint)
to be attached to car bodies when
they are immersed in a bath of
paint with an applied polarity
across the bath and the bodies:
Được bám sơn (điện)
mild steel n. type of steel with
a low carbon content (0.1-
0.25%), widely used in vehicle
construction: Thép ít cacbon
mile n. Dặm Anh, một dặm = 1.609m
mileage n. (a) distance measured
in miles, as by a mileometer:
Khoảng cách đo bằng dặm Anh
(b) the total number of miles a motor
vehicle has travelled: Tổng số
dặm mà xe đã đi
(c) the number of miles a motor
vehicle travels on one gallon of
fuel: Số dặm xe đi trên một gallon
nhiên liệu
287
mill
l mil (e) ometer n. device that
records the number of miles
travelled: Đồng hồ đo số dặm đã
đi được
mill 1 v. (a) to grind, press or
reduce to powder: Xay, nghiền to
shape or cut metal: Cán
2 n. (a) = milling cutter: Lưỡi
cắt răng, dao cắt răng, lưỡi phay
(chạy tròn)
(b) = milling machine: Máy phay
(bào)
l milled glass fibre n. chopped
strands of glass fibre which vary
in length from 3 mm to about 50
mm: Sợi thủy tinh
l milling cutter n. rotating, toothed
cutter in a milling machine, used
to cut or shape metal: Lưỡi phay
l milling machine n. machine
tool with a table on which rests
material which is cut by a rotating
cutting tool held by a horizontal
arbor or vertical spindle: Máy
phay (bào)
l millsaw file n. flat hand file
with round or square edges for
sharpening saw blades or machine-
cutting knives: Dũa mài dao cắt
milliampere n. thousandth of an
ampere mA): Đơn vị đo cường
độ dòng điện mA
288
mini catalytic converter
l milliammeter n. ammeter with a
milliampere scale: Thiết bị đo
dòng có đơn vị mA
milligram n.unit of measurement of
weight (= one thousandth of a
gram): Đơn vị đo trọng lượng
millilitre n. unit of measurement
of liquid (= one thousandth of a
litre): Đơn vị đo thể tích
millimetre or US millimeter n. unit
of measurement of length (= one
thousandth of a metre): Đơn vị
đo chiều dài
mineral oil n. light lubricating oil
refined from crude oil: Dầu bôi
trơn nhẹ (từ dầu thô)
Mini n. very successful, small British
front-wheel drive car designed
in 1959 by Sir Alec Issigonics
(1906-88): Nhãn hiệu xe Mini
minibus n. small, single-decker bus
designed to carry around 12-20
people: Xe buýt nhỏ
minicar n. very small saloon car,
carrying no more than four adults:
Xe ô tô nhỏ
mini catalytic converter n. usually
used as a primary catalytic
converter and installed close to
the engine in the headpipe: Bộ
xúc tác nhỏ
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
miniframe
miniframe n. = suspension subframe:
Sườn khung phụ của hệ thống
treo
mini-grinder n. = angle grinder: Máy
mài góc
Minilite (alloy wheel) n. a true
magnesium wheel, developed
for the Mini in 1962 by nuclear
engineer Derek Power on the
basis of experience gathered
with magnesium components in
nuclear power plants; the Minilite:
Mâm hợp kim Minilite
mini spare wheel n. = tempa spare
wheel: Bánh xe dự phòng
mini tube cutter n. compact tube
cutter for cutting brass, copper,
plastic, or thin steel tubing in
confined areas: Dao cắt ống nhỏ
minivan n. minibus-sized van with no
side windows, used to transport
goods instead of people: Xe van
loại nhỏ không có cửa hông dùng
chở hàng
minor diameter n. diameter
measured from the thread root
to the corresponding root on the
opposite side of the bolt or screw:
Đường kính chân ren
mint condition n. (in) perfect
condition, as brand new: Tình
trạng hoàn hảo như mới tinh
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
mixed-flow impeller
mirror n. car mirrors can be either
interior or exterior: Gương
chiếu hậu
misalignment n. general term
referring to all types of frame
damage caused by accidents:
Khung xe bị lệch do tai nạn
misfire 1 v. (of the air/ fuel mixture)
to fail to ignite properly (often
resulting in a backfire): Không
cháy hỗn hợp (động cơ)
2 n. the act of misfiring: Sự bỏ máy
miss v. = misfire
mist action n. In US English, it is
intermittent wiper control: Bộ điều
khiển chế độ ngắt quãng của cần
gạt nước
mixed-flow impeller n. pump impeller
which combines radial and axial-
flow principles, i.e. liquid flows
both along the drive shaft and
out through the impeller; pump
impellers are classed as mixed-
flow when the specific speed is
2,000 to 6,000 rpm: Cánh bơm
xiên (kết hợp dọc và ngang)
l mixed-flow pump = centrifugal
pump which develops its head
partly by centrifugal force and
partly by the lift of the vanes on
the liquid: Bơm ly tâm
l mixing chamber n. (a) that part
289
mixture
of a carburettor distinct from the
float chamber both in function
and layout, in which the air and
the fuel mix as they meet: Buồng
hòa trộn (chế hòa khí)
(b) (of a catalytic converter) = midbed:
Ngăn giữa bộ xúc tác ba ngã
l mixing head n. head of an oxy-
acetylence torch by which the
mixture of oxygen and acetylene
can be adjusted: Đầu trộn khí của
mỏ hàn hơi
l mixing rolls n. machine designed
for the mixing and mastication of
the materials from which tyres
are made: Trục cán hòa trộn (làm
vỏ xe)
mixture n. (a) air/ fuel mixture in
an IC engine (b) (two-stroke
engine) mixture of oil and petrol
in the fuel tank of a two-stroke
engine; e.g. 1:50, i.e. one part of
oil is added to every 50 parts of
fuel: Hỗn hợp, hòa khí
l mixture control knob n. = choke:
Bướm gió
l mixture control screw n. adjusting
screw which controls the amount
of air/ fuel mixture supplied by
the idling circuit of a fixed-jet
carburettor: Vít điều chỉnh hỗn
hợp, vít xăng
290
model year
l mixture control unit n. unit
in the K-jetronic fuel injection
system which combines the fuel
distributor and the airflow sensor;
it monitors the rate of airflow and
meters the fuel supplied to the
injectors: Bộ điều chỉnh hỗn hợp
(phun K)
l mixture volume n. the quantity of
air/ fuel mixture: Lượng hỗn hợp
mobile home n. (US) caravan: Xe
rơ moóc dùng làm nhà ở, nhà lưu
động
l mobile phone n. cellular
telephone: Điện thoại di động
trên xe
l mobile two-way radio n.
receiver/ transmitter used for
CB communication: Máy thu
phát di động
mode n. way of operating: Chế độ
làm việc
model designation n. shortened
description of a particular model:
Mô tả ngắn về mẫu xe
model year (MY) n. a new model
year starts after the summer
break of the car production plant,
during which the assembly lines
are altered to accommodate the
changes introduced in the cars of
the next model year: Năm ra kiểu
xe mới
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
modular air strut monolith

modular air strut n. = self-levelling harden and strengthen steels in

(suspension) strut: Thanh tự cân high temperature applications,
bằng (treo) like exhaust valves: Molypden
(hóa học)
modulator n. (Automatic gearbox)
actuator used to transform l molybdenum piston ring or
inlet manifold vacuum into a (informal) moly ring = piston ring
mechanical motion, which in with a molybdenum coating: Bạc
turn can be used to move the pít-tông có lớp molypden phủ
connected modulator valve: Bộ ngoài
điều biến MON = MOTOR OCTANE NUMBER:
l modulator pressure = pressure Chỉ số ốc-tan động cơ
controlled by the actuator valve monkey wrench n. = ADJUSTABLE
and thus directly related to SPANNER: Mỏ lết
inlet manifold vacuum: Áp suất
monobloc casting or construction
điều biến
n. type of engine construction
l modulator valve = valve operated where the cylinders are cast in a
by the modulator to create single block which incorporates
modulator pressure by means of the crankcase: Cấu trúc động cơ
inlet manifold vacuum: Van điều với xi-lanh đúc liền với các-te
biến chân không
monocoque n. unitary design in
module n. electronic control which body and chassis are all
assembly: Bộ điều khiển điện tử one unit, which is also called
molecular weight n. the mass of a unitary construction: Thiết kế
molecule that may be calculated khung và vỏ nguyên khối
as the sun of the atomic weights Mono-Jetronic n. single point
of its constituent atom: Trọng injection system developed by
lượng phân tử Bosch: Hệ thống phun xăng đơn
mole grips or mole wrench n. locking điểm
pliers: Kìm khoá monolith n. single block of material;
molybdenum n. metallic element used to describe the (ceramic)
used in alloys, especially to base for the catalyst in one type

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 291

monomer
of catalytic converter: Lớp nền
cho bộ hoá khử
l monolithic converter = catalytic
converter with a catalyst-coated,
ceramic honeycomb monolith
through which the exhaust gases
pass: Bộ hoá khử dạng tổ ong
monomer n. a relatively simple
compound which can react
with itself to form a polymer or
with other monomers to form
a copolymer: Hợp chất đơn
phân tử
monotube damper or shock absorber
n. = single-tube shock absorber:
Phuộc nhún một ống
moped n. two-wheeled cycle with a
low powered motor (under 50 cc):
Xe gắn máy có công suất thấp
MOT = Ministry of Transport: Bộ giao
thông vận tải
l MOT certificate = certificate
awarded when a vehicle passes
an MOT test: Giấy chứng nhận
đã kiểm tra xe
l MOT test = annual road
worthiness test for all vehicles
over two years old, undertaken
by a garage approved by the
(currently named) Department of
Transport: Kiểm tra xe hàng năm
cho những xe quá hai năm
292
motor
motor n. (a) electric motor: Động
cơ điện
(b) engine: Động cơ
(c) motor car: Xe ô tô
l motorbike n. = motorcycle: Xe
gắn máy
l motor car n. a (usually) four-
wheeled road vehicle powered
by an IC engine and designed for
passengers: Xe ô tô
l motor caravan or (US) motor home
n. a self-powered (motorized)
caravan: Nhà lưu động
l motorcycle n. single-track vehicle
usually driven by a two-stroke
or four-stroke engine; often air-
cooled, less frequently liquid-
cooled and usually between 125
cc and1000 cc: Xe mô tô
l motor home n. In US English,
which is motor caravan
l motor insurance n. insurance
against damage to or damage
caused by a vehicle: Phí bảo
hiểm ô tô hai chiều
l motorist n. car driver: Người lái
xe ô tô
l motorized a. with a motor: Gắn
động cơ
l motor mechanic n. car mechanic:
Thợ máy
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
MOT test
l MON = Motor Octane Number
n. fuel octane rating determined
by the motor octane test, one of
many test procedures: Chỉ số ốc-
tan động cơ
l motor oil n. engine oil or gear
oil: Dầu nhớt động cơ
l motor scooter n. lightweight
motorcycle with small wheels,
an enclosed engine, open foot
platform and leg shields: Xe tay ga
l motor vehicle n. any automotive
vehicle that does not run on
rails; usually with rubber tyres;
such as cars, trucks, lorries and
motorcycles: Xe cộ (có bánh)
l motorway n. a multi-lane, main
road for fast-moving traffic (speed
limit 70 mph in the UK) with a
central reservation, and few exit
and entry points: Đường lớn
dành cho ôtô chạy nhanh; đường
cao tốc, xa lộ
MOT test see MOT
mould or (US) mold 1 n. hollow
form used to give a certain shape
to fluid or plastic material: Khuôn
2 v. to shape in a mould: Làm khuôn
l mouldability n. capacity for being
mould into a particular form: Khả
năng đúc được
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Moulton Hydragas suspension
moulded part or moulding n.
plastic part produced by injection
moulding etc: Chi tiết làm bằng
nhựa đúc
moulding material n. moulding
materials are products which
can be moulded permanently
by a shaping process employing
mechanical forces within a given
temperature range into moulded
parts or semi-finished articles; in
some cases moulding materials
are used in a preformed state
(e.g. pelleted or granulated)
without their plastic mouldability
being appreciably impaired by
such preforming: Vật liệu đúc
l mould shrinkage n. (of
thermoplastics) the difference
in dimension between the cold
mould and the cooled moulded
part, expressed in % relative to
the dimension of the cold mould:
Tỷ lệ co của chi tiết đúc
Moulton Hydragas suspension n.
hydro pneumatic suspension
developed by Leyland: Hệ thống
treo Moulton Hydragas
l Moulton Hydrolastic suspension
= Hydrolastic suspension
developed by Leyland: Hệ thống
treo Moulton Hydrolastic
293
mount
mount v. to attach something to a
support: Lắp đặt, gắn
l mounting n. support to which or
by means of which something is
attached: Giá, khung
l mounting frame = floating-frame
disc brake in which the floating
frame is held by a casting which
is bolted to the steering knuckle
or other suspension part: Phanh
đĩa với khung treo
move off v. to start from rest; to
begin to drive away: Đi tiếp
moving contact n. component of a
solenoid switch; in a starter motor
it is designed for switching on the
electric circuit in the excitation
and armature windings: Tiếp
điểm di động (lá đồng trong rơle
cài khớp máy khởi động)
mpg (short for) miles per gallon;
measure of fuel consumption:
Đơn vị đo lượng nhiên liệu tiêu
thụ (số dặm chạy được trên một
gallon)
l mph (short for) miles per hour;
measure of vehicle speed: Đơn vị
đo tốc độ xe tính theo dặm
MPI = Multi-Point Injection: Phun đa
điểm
MSTS = Microprocessor Spark
Timing System: Hệ thống dùng
294
Multec
mạch vi xử lý điều khiển thời
điểm đánh lửa
mud and snow tyre = n. winter tyre
with a deep tread (M and S tyre):
Loại lốp xe đi trên bùn và băng
tuyết
l mudflap n. flexible rubber or
vinyl rear extension to the wheel
arch to protect the bodywork from
dirt and stones. In US English, it
is splash guard: Tấm chắn bùn
và đất đá
l mudguard n. curved part over
the wheels of a motorcycle to
minimize splashing: Vè xe gắn
máy
muffler n. In US English, it is
silencer: Ống giảm thanh (pô)
Multec (system) n. combined fuel
injection and ignition system
Multec: Hệ thống điều khiển tích
hợp cả xăng và lửa Multec
l multi-cut file n. = multi-purpose
file: Giũa vạn năng
l multi-disc a. = multi-plate :
Nhiều đĩa
l multi-entry n. (pump) = multi-
suction pump: Bơm nhiều lỗ hút
l multi-focal a. multiple-focus:
Nhiều tiêu điểm
l multi-focal headlight =
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
multi-function control stalk
conventional headlight with a
multiple focus parabolic reflector:
Đèn đầu nhiều tiêu điểm (phản
chiếu)
multi-function control stalk n. a
rodshaped control mounted on
the steering column near the
steering wheel: Công tắc dạng
ống dưới vô lăng
multigrade oil n. if an engine oil
meets the viscosity requirements
of several different single-grade
engine oil types it is referred to as
multigrade: Dầu nhớt đa cấp
l multigrip pliers n. pliers with an
adjustable head allowing different
jaw widths: Mỏ lết
l multi-hole nozzle n. two-, three-
or four-holed injector nozzle in a
direct injection engine: Vòi phun
nhiều lỗ tia
l multi-inlet pump n. = multi-suction
pump: Bơm nhiều lỗ hút
l multi-leaf spring n. leaf spring
made of several narrow, flat strips
(leaves): Nhíp nhiều lá
l multi-link independent rear
suspension n. special multi-
link rear suspension design,
developed by Mercedes-Benz for
the W 201 series: Hệ thống treo
sau độc lập nhiều khâu
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
multi-plate
l multi-link rear suspension =
general term for independent rear
suspension layouts incorporating
several control arms: Hệ thống
treo sau nhiều khâu
multi-piece rim n. rim type
incorporating at least one
demountable bead seat and/ or
rim flange to allow tyre mounting,
which is oppiste to one-piece
rim: Loại niềng xe tháo rời (nhiều
miếng)
multi-plate or multiple-plate clutch
or (US) multiple-disc clutch
n. clutch with more than one
driven plate, usually of the oil-
immersed type; frequently
used in motorcycle drive trains,
in automatic transmissions
of cars, in power distribution
systems of 4wd vehicles, and as
locking elements in limited-slip
differentials: Bộ ly hợp nhiều đĩa
ma sát
l multiple-disc limited-slip differential
= limited-slip differential incorpo-
rating multiple discs as locking or
slip-inhibiting devices: Bộ vi sai
giới hạn trượt nhiều đĩa
l multiple-point injection n. =
multi-point injection: Hệ thống
phun đa điểm
l multiple-spark (ignition) coil n. =
295
multi-stage pump MY

multi-spark (ignition) coil: Bô-bin Bơm nhiều tầng

dùng cho nhiều xi-lanh (đánh lửa
multi-storey car park n. car park
trực tiếp)
with many levels: Chỗ đậu ô tô
l multiplex technology n. in cars, nhiều tầng
connecting lamps, wipers, horn,
multi-suction pump n. centrifugal
etc. to a single power cable via
pump with several impellers
electronically controlled modules,
connected in parallel; i.e. the flow
making it easier to diagnose
is separated into two or more
faults and to service: Công nghệ
partial flows: Bơm nhiều lỗ hút
đa dẫn
mushroom-shaped dolly n. dolly
l MPI = multi-point injection n.
with a shank to allow it to be
petrol fuel-injection system in
hand-held or clamped in a vice;
which only air enters the inlet
a more or less rounded head may
manifold; as the air approaches
be fitted to one or both ends of
the inlet valve, an injection valve
the shank: Đe hình nấm
opens in the valve port, spraying
fuel into the airstream: Hệ thống l mushroom tappet n. tappet
phun đa điểm shaped like a mushroom located
on the underside of a pushrod
l multi-purpose file n. file (usually
operating the valves of a four-
flat) with faces featuring different
stroke engine: Con đội xú-páp
cuts, e.g. coarse cut on one side
hình nấm
and smooth cut on the other:
Giũa vạn năng l mushroom valve n. = poppet
valve: Xú-páp
l multi-spark (ignition) coil n. type
of ignition coil used in static high- mutual inductance n. takes place
voltage distribution, designed as when a current in one winding
a double-spark or four-spark coil: induces an EMF in another
Bô-bin cho hai hoặc bốn xi-lanh winding in the same magnetic
(đánh lửa trực tiếp) circuit: Cảm ứng tương hỗ

multi-stage pump n. pump with MV = Manual Valve: Van điều khiển

two or more stages (impeller/ bằng tay
diffusers or other pumping MY = Model Year: Năm ra kiểu xe
elements) operating in series: mới

296 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

N NCS
Nn
N = neutral (gear selector): Số N
trong dãy số của hộp số tự động
nail punch n. = drift punch: Kìm nhổ
đinh
natural frequency n. frequency at
which an object, circuit or system
oscillates or vibrates when set in
free vibration: Tần số dao động
tự do
l natural gas n. alternative,
environmentally friendly fuel
(mainly methane) which can
be stored under pressure in the
boot as compressed natural gas
(CNG): Khí đốt thiên nhiên
l naturally aspirated engine n.
conventional engine that takes
in air at normal pressure, i. e. not
turbocharged or supercharged.
It is opposite to forced-induction
engine: Động cơ không tăng áp
l natural oxide film or skin n.
transparent film which forms
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
naturally on an aluminium surface
due to oxidation: Lớp màng oxit
nhôm
l natural rubber (NR) n. rubber
which occurs naturally as a
product of the metabolism of
certain trees and plants, notably
trees of the Hevea brasiliensis
species: Cao su tự nhiên
l natural weathering n. corrosion
test by means of which the
corrosion resistance of a material
is tested in the open air: Kiểm tra
khả năng ăn mòn của vật liệu khi
để ngoài trời.
nave n. wheel hub: Trục bánh xe
l nave plate = hub cap: Nắp tròn
đậy trục bánh xe
NCM = NOx-Control Module: Bộ
kiểm soát khí NOx
NCS = Noise Cancellation System:
Hệ thống khử tiếng ồn
297
NDIR Analyser
NDIR Analyser n. Non-Dispersive
Infrared Analyser, used for
analysing concentrations of carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxide in
an exhaust gas sample: Máy phân
tích hàm lượng CO và CO2 trong
khí thải bằng tia hồng ngoại
NDT method n. non-destructive
testing method, such as
ultrasonic testing, X-ray testing,
dye-penetrant testing: Phương
pháp nghiên cứu không phá hủy
như dùng siêu âm, X-quang…
nearside (n/s) n. the side of a vehicle
nearest the kerb (when driving):
Phía xe gần sát với lề đường
necking n. when ductile test
specimens are subjected to a
tensile test, they exhibit necking
when the tensile force exceeds
the yield strength of the material;
necking results in a reduction of
area, measured in percent after
break of the specimen: Phần thắt
lại của vật mẫu khi thử sức căng
needle n. (a) indicator or pointer on
an instrument or gauge: Kim chỉ
báo, kim đồng hồ
(b) tapered, needle-shaped pin in a
carburettor jet: Kim ga
l needle bearing n. roller bearing
with long thin rollers: Ổ bi kim, ổ
bi đũa dài
298
negative plate
l needle-nose pliers n. = long-
nose pliers: Kìm mỏ nhọn
l needle valve n. (i) valve with a
needle-shaped pin that can be
moved to control the flow of a
fluid: Van kim trong hệ thống thuỷ
lực
(ii) in a carburettor, valve which
controls the amount of petrol
flowing from the pump to the float
chamber: Van kim trong bộ chế
hòa khí.
EGR valve n. = negative transducer
valve: Van tuần hoàn khí thải
l negative camber see camber: Độ
nghiêng vào trong của bánh xe
(góc camber âm)
l negative castor n. (steering
geometry) when an imaginary line
extended through the steering
axis meets the ground behind the
extended vertical axis through
the wheel centre: Độ nghiêng của
trục bánh xe hướng về trước (góc
castor âm)
l negative electrode n. = negative
plate: Bản cực âm (ắc quy)
l negative plate n. during battery
discharge, the grey plate which
acts as anode. It is opposite to
positive plate: Bản cực âm (bình
ắc quy)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
nerf bar NiCaSil

l negative spark n. a spark that bằng thép mạ crôm hoặc inox

jumps from the negative centre
Nernst equation n. relationship
electrode to the positive earth
showing that the electromotive
electrode of the sparking plug,
force developed by a dry cell is
allowing a reduction in the high
determined by the activities of the
voltage require: Tia lửa điện
reacting species, the temperature
phóng từ điện cực giữa của bu-
of the reaction, and the standard
gi với điện thế âm sang điện cực
free-energy change of the overall
bìa với điện thế dương
reaction: Công thức Nernst tính
l negative suction head n. = sức điện động của pin khô
suction lift: Chiều cao cột hút âm
neutral 1 a. (a) not having any
l negative terminal n. black battery marked characteristics: Không có
terminal with a minus symbol đặc điểm rõ rệt
indicating negative polarity: Cọc
l neutral handling = having neither
âm
oversteer nor understeer: Bẻ lái
l negative transducer EGR valve không dư cũng không thiếu
n. valve used on engines with
(b) having a pH of 7, i. e. neither
a relatively low back pressure to
alkaline nor acid: Trung tính (hoá)
provide the desired opening point
and exhaust gas recycling rate: 2 n. position of the gearbox in which
Van tuần hoàn khí thải no gear is engaged; indicated by
the letter N on automatic gear
l negative wheel offset or negative
selectors: Tay số N (số mo)
wheel dish(ing) n. = negative
offset new-old-stock part n. new genuine
spares for older models,
nerf bar n. (US) type of front bumper
referring mostly to spare parts
guard, typically made of chrome-
that are normally no longer
plated steel tubing; extends
produced: Phụ tùng mới cho các
horizontally from below front end
xe đời cũ không còn sản xuất.
and is curved upward; a pair of
nerf bars is usually braced by a NiCaSil n. nickel-silicon plating
horizontal crossbar. In Australian, used e. g. on the cylinder walls
which is called roo bar: Thanh đỡ of certain light-weight high-
va chạm (thanh cản trước) làm performance engines; reduces

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 299

nipple
weight and friction and improves
heat transfer: Lớp mạ nickel-
silicon trên thành xi-lanh
l nickel plating n. thin coating of
nickel deposited on a surface by
electrolysis: Lớp mạ kền
nipple n. (a) (lubrication) small,
one-way valve used for injecting
grease into a bearing: Núm tra
mỡ, núm vô mỡ
(b) (bleeding) short, steel tube
holding a thin rubber or plastic
tube used for bleeding hydraulic
fluid: Ốc xả gió
nippy a. (of a motor vehicle) small
and relatively powerful: Nhỏ
nhưng mạnh (xe)
nitriding n. (of a steel surface)
hardening by heating for several
hours in ammonia gas; used
on crankshafts: Tôi bề mặt trục
khuỷu bằng cách nung trong
amoniac
nitrocellulose paint n. paint giving
a deep, lustrous finish: Lớp sơn
nitơ xenluloza
nitrogen oxides (NOx) n. general term
for an unknown mixture of nitrogen
oxides, usually nitric oxide and
nitrogen dioxide: Khí nitơ oxit
noble metal n. precious metal (such
as gold, silver, mercury, platinum)
300
nominal capacity
which conducts electricity very
well, resists corrosion and is inert;
some are used as catalysts in
catalytic converters: Kim loại quý
no-claims bonus n. reduction in
insurance premiums because
no claims have been made: Tiền
thưởng (giảm tiền bảo hiểm) nhờ
lái xe an toàn
noise cancellation or reduction n.
the reduction of noise by means
of anti-noise loudspeakers: Khử
tiếng ồn
l noise cancellation system (NCS)
= Anti-Noise System: Hệ thống
khử tiếng ồn
nominal capacity n. = rated capacity:
Dung lượng định mức
l nominal diameter n. characteristic
value used for pipeline systems
to identify parts which belong
together such as pipes, pipe
joints, fittings, etc; a nominal size
for the inside diameter: Đường
kính định mức
l nominal engine speed n. = rated
speed: Tốc độ động cơ định mức
l nominal length n. (i) length of
the shank of screws/bolts with
flat bearing faces; (ii) length
of shank plus height of head of
countersunk bolts/screws; (iii)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
NDT
overall length of a stud minus the
length of the stud end: Chiều dài,
độ dài định mức của bu-lông
l nominal pressure n. = rated
pressure: Áp suất định mức
l nominal (thread) diameter n. =
major diameter: Đường kính (ren)
định mức
l nominal voltage n. = rated
voltage: Điện áp định mức
NDT = Non-Destructive Testing =
Kiểm tra không phá hủy
NDT METHOD: Phương pháp kiểm
tra không phá hủy
l non-dispersive infrared analyser
= NDIR analyser: Máy phân tích
khí thải dùng tia hồng ngoại
l non-ferrous metal n. metal that
is not based on iron; includes
aluminium, copper, magnesium,
etc.: Kim loại màu
non-self-priming pump n. a north-south layout
centrifugal pump which is unable
to evacuate and prime the suction
line without external assistance. It
is opposite to self-priming pump:
Bơm ly tâm không tự mồi
non-servo brake n. drum brake design;
each brake shoe is anchored,
therefore no shoe can assist in the
application of the other; one shoe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
nose
is self-energizing, the other is not:
Phanh không trợ lực
Nordberg key n. round key: Chìa
khóa tròn
nordic anti-corrosion code n. (for
passenger cars) code developed
by the Scandinavian automobile
and consumer associations which
stipulates that, as of January 1983,
all cars must be free of surface
corrosion for three years and free
of perforation and weakening
damage for six years: Luật bảo vệ
người tiêu dùng ở một số nước
Bắc Âu quy định xe du lịch không
được rỉ bề mặt trong 3 năm, không
bị thủng trong 6 năm
normal zinc technology see low zinc
technology
l normally aspirated engine n. =
naturally aspirated engine: Động
cơ không tăng áp
n. engine
layout with the cylinders lying
lengthways from the front (north)
to the back (south). It is also
called longitudinal engine: Động
cơ đặt theo chiều dọc
NOS Part = New-Old-Stock Part:
Phụ tùng mới cho xe đời cũ
nose n. the front end of a vehicle:
Mặt trước của xe hơi
301
nose protector
l nose-to-tail n. driving mode
in rush-hour traffic; bumper-to-
bumper: Xe chạy nối đuôi nhau
l nose-up a. description of the
towing vehicle if the vehicle being
towed is too heavy: Tình trạng
của xe kéo nếu xe được kéo quá
nặng
l nose dive n. = brake dive: Phanh
bị đâm
l nosepiece n. insert for pop-rivet
pliers that is used to allow various
pop-rivet diameters to be used:
Đầu nạp ri-vê
nose protector n.cover, usually of
black soft plastic sheeting with
flannel-like backing, that fits
around the front end of a car. It is
also called nose bra: Vật bảo vệ
mũi xe bằng chất dẻo
nose weight n. vertical weight on the
centre of the towing ball exerted by
the vehicle being towed (on level
ground): Trọng lượng đứng ở tâm
móc kéo khi kéo xe
no-spin differential n. = limited-slip
differential: Bộ truyền động vi sai
giới hạn trượt
notchy a. (changing of gears) not
smooth, causing a slight crashing
of gears; often caused by the
clutch failing to disengage fully:
302
numberplate
Tiếng kêu khi vào số do ly hợp
không nhả hết
l NCM = NOx-Control Module =
digital ignition control module for
retrofitting to cars with Motronic
engine control; modifies ignition
timing characteristics for lower
NOx emissions: Bộ phận kiểm
soát khí NOx
nozzle n. jet, hole, or special fitting
at the end of a pipe for controlling
what comes out: Vòi phun
l nozzle restrictor n. restrictor in
the fuel filler neck of cars fitted
with catalytic converters that
prevents filling from leaded petrol
pumps, which have larger pump
nozzles: Lỗ đổ xăng dùng cho
xăng không chì (nhỏ hơn)
NR = Natural Rubber: Cao su thiên
nhiên
N/S = Nearside: Phía lề
nudge bar n. = nerf bar: Thanh cản
trước
numberplate n. plate on the front
and back of a vehicle, showing
its registration number. In US
English, it is license plate: Bảng
đăng ký (bảng số xe ô tô)
l numberplate lamp = lamp providing
white illumination of the rear
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
nut
numberplate: Đèn bảng số
nut n. small, metal block with a
threaded central hole so that
it can be screwed on to a bolt,
screw, etc.: Đai ốc
l nut cracker or splitter = tool used
to crack open stubborn nuts
without damaging the bolt or stud
thread: Dụng cụ đục đai ốc (khi
mở khó)
l nut driver or spinner = socket
driver: Cần siết nụ
l nut starter = tool used to hold
nuts for easy placement in tight
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
nylon nut
locations: Dụng cụ giữ đai ốc khi
siết những chỗ hẹp
l nut thread = internal thread of a
nut: Đường ren bên trong của đai
ốc
nylon nut n. self-locking nut with
nylon insert: Đai ốc tự hãm có
lồng ni lông
l nylon n. tough, versatile, synthetic
material; can be used in sheet,
fibre, or solid form: Ni lông
l nylon hammer = soft face
hammer with a nylon face: Búa ni
lông (nhựa)
303
obstruction spanner off-line

Oo
obstruction spanner n. bent ring Number (MON): Chỉ số octan
spanner for reaching around
OD = Overdrive: Số cao nhất trong
manifold and other obstacles to
hộp số tự động, số OD
work on parts with difficult access,
such as starter or alternators: outer diameter: Đường kính ngoài.
Cần siết dùng cho những vùng
odometer n. incorporated in the
động cơ khó luồn tay
speedometer, the odometer
OC = overhead camshaft: Trục indicates total mileage of the
cam trên nắp máy vehicle, in miles or kilometres,
ocean liner blast horn n. horn either mechanically or
which imitates the deep bellow electronically: Đồng hồ đo quãng
of an ocean liner horn: Còi xe bắt đường đã đi của xe.
chước tiếng còi hơi của tàu biển
OE = Original Equipment
octagonal (head) bolt n. bolt with (manufacturer): Thiết bị chính
an eight-sided head: Bu-lông đầu hãng (nhà sản xuất)
bát giác
offer up v. to bring a part close to
l octagon nut n. nut with eight-
or in contact with another, ready
sided: Đai ốc bát giác
to fit the pieces together: Lắp chi
ON = Octane Number. It is also called tiết này vào chi tiết khác
octane rating. The measure of
a fuel’s anti-knock rating; the off-line a. independent of the
average of Research Octane main production process line;
Number (RON) and Motor Octane characterized by a separate

304 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

off-road vehicle
operation: Hoạt động độc lập với
dây chuyền sản xuất
l off-line painting = painting of
parts, mostly plastic parts,
outside the actual painting line:
Sơn các chi tiết bằng nhựa
ngoài dây chuyền sơn
off-road vehicle n. 4wd vehicle
with locking differential for use
on rough terrain: Xe địa hình, xe
việt dã
offset 1 a. set at an angle or to one
side: Đặt một góc, một phía
2 n. (a) steering geometry, scrub
radius: Bán kính lái
(b) (wheel) the distance between
the centre line of the rim and the
attachment face of the wheel disc
at the wheel hub; this dimension
can either be positive, negative,
or zero: Khoảng cách giữa
đường tâm vành bánh xe với mặt
gá lắp đĩa bánh xe ở trục bánh xe
(khoảng cách này có thể dương,
âm hoặc bằng không)
offset angle n. angle of the offset
crankpins in V-engines: Góc lệch
khuỷu (trong động cơ chữ V).
offset crankshaft n. crankshaft
layout whereby the axes of the
crankshaft and the piston pin do
not intersect: Kiểu trục khuỷu
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
offside
mà trên hình chiếu tâm của trục
khuỷu không cắt ắc pít-tông
offset handle n. drive handle for
use with sockets, with one end
set at 90o to the handle: Tay quay
dùng cho tuýp có đầu lệch 90o
l offset power steering n. =
linkage power steering: Lái có trợ
lực liên kết bằng thanh lái
l offset screwdriver n. screwdriver
with either straight or cross-head
tips or a combination of both, and
the two ends set at right angles
to the shank: Tuốc nơ vít có tay
quay ngang
l offset twin n. typical motorcycle
engine with the two crankpins
offset by 1800: Loại động cơ xe
gắn máy có độ lệch giữa hai chốt
khuỷu bằng 1800
l offset wrench n. L-shaped tool
for turning recessed screws:
Thanh mở bu-lông chìm hình L
off shape or off colour n. colour
mismatch due to wrong paint
mixing or application: Sai màu
(sơn)
offside (o/s) n. side of the vehicle
farthest away from the kerb (when
driving): Bên xe xa lề đường (có
thể trái hoặc phải tuỳ theo tay lái
thuận hay nghịch)
305
 off-the-car balancing
off-the-car balancing n. balancing
the wheel after it has been
removed from the car. It is
opposite to on-the-car balancing:
Cân bằng động bánh xe ngoài xe
off-the-dolly panel beating n.
metalworking technique used
to hammer out dents in the
bodywork: Gò không dùng đe
OHC = Overhead Camshaft: Trục
cam trên nắp máy
ohmmeter n. instrument designed
for measuring electric resistance:
Ôm kế
OHV-engine n. = Overhead Valve
Engine: Động cơ có xú-pap trên
nắp máy
oil n. the oil used to lubricate an
engine (engine oil) is refined from
crude oil and apart from reducing
friction and wear, cools high-
temperature parts like bearings
and piston rings (as well as
sealing the latter against blow-by)
and helps to keep engines clean
and free from corrosion caused
by combustion gases: Dầu (nhớt)
bôi trơn động cơ
oil additive n. any one of a variety
of chemicals added to engine oils
to improve their performance:
Các chất phụ gia của dầu (nhớt)
động cơ
306
oil consumption
oil and water extractor n.
(compressor) = air transformer:
Bộ phận tách dầu(nhớt) và nước
trong máy nén
oil breather pipe n. crankcase
breather pipe used prior to
engine emission control systems
to remove fumes and pressure
from the engine crankcase. In US
English, it is road draft tube: Ống
thông hơi các-te
oil can n. (a) container with a
long, thin nozzle for lubricating
machinery
(b) shallow dent in a panel that
causes the panel to warp: Bình
dầu (nhớt) với vòi nhỏ và dài
oil change n. draining and replacing
the engine oil in regular intervals
(ideally every six months): Chu
kỳ thay dầu (nhớt), thời hạn thay
dầu (nhớt)
oil circulation n. passing of oil
round the engine: Sự lưu thông
dầu (nhớt) trong động cơ
oil consumption n. amount of oil
an engine uses: Độ tiêu hao nhớt
trong động cơ
l oil control orifice valve n. valve
located in the feed line between
cylinder head: Van tiết lưu dầu
(nhớt)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
oil cooler
l oil control ring = oil scraper ring:
Vòng găng gạt dầu (nhớt) (xéc-
măng dầu (nhớt))
oil cooler n. small, air- or coolant-
cooler, radiator-like device
designed too decrease the
temperature of the oil in the
engine to approx 185oF: Bình
giải nhiệt dầu (nhớt) (bằng nước
hoặc gió)
l oil cooler bypass valve = oil-
temperature controlled valve which
closes the oil circuit thought the oil
is still cold; similar function as the
thermostat in the engine cooling
system: Van hằng nhiệt trong bình
(két) giải nhiệt dầu (nhớt)
oil drain plug n. sump drain plug: Ốc
xả dầu (nhớt) các-te
l oil drain valve = valve in an
upright oil filter housing which lets
oil drain into the sump when the
filter element is removed; prevent
oil spill: Van dẫn dầu (nhớt) vào
các-te khi tháo lọc
l oil duct or oil passage or oil way
n. pipe or passage through which
oil flows under pressure: Ống
dẫn dầu (nhớt) hoặc đường ống
dầu (nhớt) hoặc rãnh dầu (nhớt),
đường dẫn dầu (nhớt)
l oiler n. (a) = cam lubricator: Bộ
phận bôi trơn cam (vít lửa)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
oil filter cartridge
(b) = oil can: Bình dầu (nhớt),
bình châm dầu (nhớt)
l oil filler cap n. cap covering the oil
filler hole: Nắp đậy lỗ châm dầu
(nhớt)
l oil filler hole = hole through which
oil is poured into the engine
(usually situated on top of the
rocker cover): Lỗ châm nhớt
l oil filter n. device for trapping
dirt in lubricating or hydraulic oil;
usually either a full- flow filter
or a bypass filter with the filter
elementmade of pleated paper,
gauze, ceramic or fine wire mesh:
Bộ lọc dầu (nhớt)
l oil filter bypass valve = valve in
or near the oil filter which routes
the oil unfiltered directly to the
lubricating points; it comes into
operation when the oil filter is
clogged so that pressure across
the filter is higher than the
pressure needed to overcome
the oil filter bypass valve spring:
Van an toàn trong lọc dầu (nhớt)
l oil filter cartridge = (1) the type
of oil filter usually used on
automotive engines which comes
complete with filter and housing,
and where both components are
replaced together: Hộp lọc dầu
(2) a paper or textile insert for
307
oil gallery
the oil filter housing (quite
commonly used on motorcycle
engines where e.g. the main
filter is a disposable cartridge,
while a filter screen is located
on the bottom of the oil pump):
Lưới lọc dầu (nhớt)
l oil filter housing = case
surrounding an oil filter: Vỏ bộ lọc
dầu (nhớt)
l oil filter wrench = special
automotive tool for the removal
and installation of oil filters; they
come in a variety of shapes,
e.g. as strap wrenches, chain
wrenches, or special cup-style
end cap oil filter wrenches: Khóa
mở lọc dầu (nhớt)
oil gallery n. passage running
the length of the cylinder block
through which oil under pressure
flows before passing into the
bearings (via holes in the cylinder
block): Mạch dầu (nhớt) trong
thân máy
l oil gauge n. OIL PRESSURE
GAUGE: Dụng cụ đo áp suất dầu
(nhớt)
l oil grade n. rating of an oil
according to its viscosity: Loại
dầu (nhớt) theo độ nhớt
l oil groove n. recess designed to
either accommodate or transport
308
oil pressure
lubricant: Rãnh dẫn dầu (nhớt)
để bôi trơn
l oil immersed clutch n. = WET
CLUTCH: Ly hợp ngâm trong dầu
(nhớt) (ly hợp ướt)
l oil level n. depth of oil in sump,
gearbox or rear axle: Mực dầu
(nhớt), mức dầu (nhớt)
l oil level gauge = dial on the
instrument panel that indicates
the oil level; operates when the
ignition is switched on and stops
shortly after the engine starts to
run: Đồng hồ báo mực dầu
l oil level sensor = sensor mounted in
the sump that supplies information
on the engine oil level to the
corresponding on the engine oil
level to the corresponding gauge:
Cảm biến mực dầu (nhớt)
l oil pan n. In US English, it is
sump: Máng dầu (nhớt)
l oil pick-up (pipe) n. pipe or tube
from the strainer to the oil pump in
the sump: (Ống dẫn) dầu (nhớt)
về bể chứa
l oil pressure n. the lubrication
point of the engine will only be
lubricated sufficiently if, in addition
to the oil quantity required, the oil
pressure is also sufficient; the oil
pressure is maintained by the oil
pump: Áp suất dầu (nhớt)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
oil pump
l oil pressure gauge: Áp kế dầu
(nhớt), đồng hồ áp suất dầu
(nhớt)
l oil pressure sensor = sensor
mounted above the oil filter that
supplies information on the engine
oil pressure to the corresponding
warning light: Cảm biến áp suất
dầu (nhớt)
l oil pressure switch = switch which
indicates a drop too below the
minimum permissible oil pressure
by illuminating the oil pressure
warning light: Công tắc áp suất
dầu (nhớt)
l oil pressure warning light
= instrument panel light the
illuminates when oil pressure falls
below a certain level: Đèn báo áp
suất dầu (nhớt)
oil pump n. pump which circulates oil
under pressure to the moving parts
of an engine; normally bolted to
the crankcase and located in the
sump; usually a gear pump: Bơm
dầu (nhớt) bôi trơn
l oil pump strainer = coarse-mesh
metal screen on the bottom of the
pick-up pipe that prevents foreign
matter (such as lost washers,
nuts and bolts) from entering the
oil pump: Vỉ lọc dưới bơm dầu
(nhớt)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
oil screen
oil rail n. the part of the oil ring
responsible for the seal between
piston and cylinder wall and
thus for the actual ‘scraping off’
of the oil: Gờ của bạc nhớt để
gạt nhớt
oil scraper ring n. piston ring whose
primary function is to control the
amount of oil that remains on the
cylinder walls: Xéc-măng dầu
(nhớt)
oil screen n. = oil pump strainer:
Lưới lọc dưới bơm dầu (nhớt)
l oil seal n. any seal that prevents
the leakage of oil but especially
the valve stem seal between the
valve and the cylinder head: Phớt
dầu (nhớt) xú-páp
l oil separator n. wire-mesh
filter used to trap oil in the fumes
drawn out of the engine by the
crankcase ventilation system:
Thiết bị tách dầu (nhớt) từ ống
thông hơi các-te.
l oil sludge n. thick deposits in
the sump and elsewhere, of dirt
and the products of combustion,
partial combustion and oxidation
of the oil (e.g. carbon particles,
unburned hydrocarbons and
oxides): Cặn dầu (nhớt)
l oil sump see sump: Các-te dầu
(nhớt) ở dưới
309
oleopneumatic suspension
l oil temperature gauge n. gauge
which indicates the temperature
of the engine oil: Đồng hồ đo
nhiệt độ dầu (nhớt)
l oil trap n. = oil separator: Dụng
cụ tách dầu (nhớt)
l oil way see oil duct: Rãnh dầu
(nhớt), đường dẫn dầu (nhớt)
oleopneumatic suspension n. =
hydropneumatic suspension: Hệ
thống treo thuỷ khí
ON = Octane Number: Chỉ số octan
on-board computer n. electronic
component used to control
vehicle electrical circuits, etc. and
to process data for instrument
panel gauges: Máy tính trung tâm
dùng để kiểm soát mạch điện và
xử lý số liệu cho tableau
l on-board diagnostic system n.
indicating devices on the car that
alert the driver when something
is wrong in the system: Hệ thống
chẩn đoán trên xe
one-coat finish n. finish consisting
of a single coat of paint: Lớp sơn
cuối (một lớp)
one-off n. a car or spare part of
which only a single unit is made:
Xe hoặc phụ tùng chỉ làm một lần
one-piece rim n. wheel rim
310
on-line
consisting of one part, designed
for tubeless type mounting: Niềng
xe liền
l one-piece rim designation =
coded description of a one-piece
wheel rim. It is opposite to multi-
piece rim: Thông số vành bánh
xe liền
one-piece wheel n. wheel with
a rim constructed in one piece
incorporating a well formation at
or near its centre to enable the
type beads to be mounted over
the rim flanges. It is opposite to
multi-piece wheel: Bánh xe liền
khối
one-way clutch n. mechanical clutch
which transmits power in one
direction of rotation only; when
torque is not applied, the driven
member rotates freely; used in
automatic gearboxes and the old
freewheel: Ly hợp một chiều
l one-way valve n. = check valve:
Van một chiều
on-line a. state in which a piece
of equipment or subsystem
is directly connected with or
incorporated into the main
system: Sự nối trực tiếp
l on-line painting = painting of
components within the actual
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
on-the-car balancing
painting line: Sự sơn trên dây
chuyền
on-the-car balancing n. balancing
the wheel whilst it is still attached
to the car. It is opposite to off-the-
car balancing: Cân bằng bánh xe
không tháo bánh
on-the-dolly panel beating
metalworking technique used to
tap out dents in the bodywork: Gò
khung dùng đe
on-the-road charges n.
charges, in addition to the list
price of a new car, to cover
delivery, numberplates and road
fund licence (tax disc): Phí lưu
hành
opacimeter n. instrument
measuring the content
particulate suspended in a fluid:
Dụng cụ đo độ đục của chất lỏng
open coil or open element glow plug
n. = wire glow plug: Bu-gi xông có
dây sinh nhiệt để hở
open-ended spanner n. spanner
with open jaws: Chìa khoá miệng
l opening cam/rocker n.
desmodromic engines, the cam/
rocker responsible for opening
the inlet or exhaust valve: Cam/
cò hở
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
opposite lock
open-loop n. without feedback
from e.g. oxygen sensor control
systems: Chu trình hở (không
khép kín)
l open-loop catalytic converter =
present converter which does
not use an oxygen-sensor control
system and thus operates without
n.
feedback: Bộ xúc tác chu trình hở
(không có cảm biến oxy)
(NOTE: opposite is computer-
controlled catalytic converter)
extra
opera light n. (US) decorated
courtesy light mounted on the
central pillar: Đèn trang trí
operating costs n. the costs of
running a car: Chi phí vận hành
for operating piston n. (automatic
of gearbox) piston which cause its
respective clutch (es), band or
multi-disc brakes to be applied
by converting fluid pressure into
mechanical force and movement:
Pít-tông trong mạch dầu thuỷ lực
(hộp số tự động)
opposite lock n. turning the
steering wheel in the opposite
with direction to that of the oversteer;
i.e. turning the wheel to the left if
the result of going round a right-
hand bend too fast has caused
the rear end of the car to skid:
311
optical check
Sự trượt đuôi xe khi đánh vòng
ngược tay lái
optical check n. either a (less
thorough) visual inspection or an
examination by means of optical
instruments: Kiểm tra chi tiết
bằng các thiết bị quang học
optimize n. to set at the best possible
value: Tối ưu hoá
optional equipment n. those parts
and systems of a vehicle which
are not supplied as standard
equipment by the manufacturer,
i.e they are not included in the
price for a given model. It is
opposite to standard equipment:
Trang thiết bị chọn thêm
OPUS = Oscillating Pick-Up Ignition
System n. ignition system where
the contact breaker and cam
are replaced by a timing rotor, a
pick-up module, and an amplifier
module: Hệ thống đánh lửa cảm
biến điện từ
orange peel effect n. (paint fault)
uneven formation on a film
surface, similar to that of an
orange skin: Lớp sơn lỗi giống bề
mặt vỏ quả cam
orbital sander n. flat, cushioned
plate covered with abrasive
paper, rotated with an elliptical
motion by an electric motor and
312
O-ring
used for fine sanding work: Dụng
cụ mài bằng giấy nhám
organic n. of chemical compounds,
based on carbon chains or rings
and containing hydrogen with
or without oxygen, nitrogen, or
other elements. It is opposite to
inorganic: Chất hữu cơ
orientation n. tendency of plastic
molecules if stretched, to align
themselves in the direction of the
stress: Sự định hướng của các
phân tử nhựa khi bị kéo
original condition n. description
of the condition of a car; the
car is in the state in which it left
the factory; it may be worn but
has neither been resprayed
nor reupholstered nor has
extensive welding been carried
out or modern accessories
fitted to change its standard
specifications: Tình trạng ban
đầu (của xe)
original equipment n. part used in the
manufacture of the vehicle, rather
than those added afterwards
(OE): Trang thiết bị gốc (dùng ở
nơi sản xuất xe)
O-ring n. annular seal, of round or
rectangular cross section and
almost any diameter; made of
rubber, neoprene, etc., or of soft
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
O/S
metal, such as copper: Vòng đệm
hình O (một loại vòng đệm cao
su hình chữ O được gắn ở rãnh
chung quanh đầu trục và trong vỏ
bọc trục để làm kín, không cho
dầu (nhớt) chảy ra)
O/S = Offside
Oscilloscope n. electronic
measurement device used to
display waveforms or traces of
signals: Dao động ký, máy hiện
sóng
OTG = OUTDOOR or OUTSIDE
TEMPERATURE GAUGE: Dụng
cụ đo nhiệt độ ngoài trời
Otto cycle n. another name for
the four-stroke cycle, named
after the German engineer Dr.
Nikolaus Otto (1832-1891) who
first patented the design in 1876:
Chu kỳ Otto (Chu kỳ 4 thì: hút, ép,
nổ, xả của động cơ, do nhà sáng
chế Dr. Nikolaus Otto, áp dụng
cho động cơ đốt trong)
outboard a. away from the centre
of the vehicle: Xa tâm xe
outdoor or outside temperature
gauge (otg) n. gauge which
indicates the ambient air
temperature outside the vehicle:
Dụng cụ đo nhiệt độ ngoài trời
l outer dead centre see BOTTOM
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
outer wrap
DEAD CENTRE: Điểm chết dưới
l outer diameter (OD) n. external
diameter of a cylinder or tube:
Đường kính ngoài
l outer electrode n. (a) = OUTER
TERMINAL: Cực ngoài
(b) = EARTH ELECTRODE: Điện
cực bìa
l outer envelope n. (of gas
discharge lamps) bulb which
protects and supports the arc
tube; either filled with gas or
evacuated to avoid oxidation of
the arc tube: Vỏ bóng đèn nạp khí
l outer headlight: Đèn pha phía
ngoài
l outer terminal n. electrode on the
inside of the distributor cap, one
outer terminal being assigned to
each sparking plug; the distributor
rotor distributes the firing voltage
from the central electrode to the
outer terminals. It is opposite to
centre electrode: Điện cực bìa
l outer tower n. socket on the
distributor cap corresponding
to the outer terminal, one per
cylinder, to connect the sparking
plug leads: Lỗ trên nắp delco để
cắm dây phin
l outer wrap n. (catalytic converter)
surrounds the converter shell,
313
outlet
serves as a retainer and provides
mechanical protection for the
insulation: Vỏ bộ xúc tác
outlet n. (a) (of 4-stroke engine) =
exhaust port: Cửa thải, ống thải
(b) last pipe of an exhaust system;
tailpipe: Ống pô
l outlet pipe n. pump discharge
pipe: Ống ra của bơm
l outlet side = that side of the pump
or pumping system on which the
liquid pumped leaves the pump or
system. It is opposite to suction
side. Bên xả
l outlet valve:
n. (a) = exhaust valve: Xú-páp thải
= discharge valve: Van thoát
outline v. to mould plastic material
around something: Phủ nhựa
out of round a. not circular: Không
tròn
l out of true a. inaccurately made
or incorrectly adjusted, e.g. of a
wheel with side –to-side deviation
or wobble: Lắp sai, chỉnh sai
l out of tune a. poorly tuned:
Hiệu chỉnh sai
output speed n. speed of the
transmission output shaft which is
transmitted to the driven wheels
314
overall gear ratio
via the final drive; as the final
drive provides a constant gear
ratio, output speed is proportional
to vehicle road speed: Tốc độ
trục ra của hộp số
outrigger n. a short angle or box
section member that runs across
part of the car: Thanh đỡ, giá đỡ
outside caliper n. machinists’
caliper used to check outside
dimensions: Compa đo ngoài
l outside spring caliper = outside
caliper with spring for accurate
setting: Compa đo ngoài có lò xo
giữ
l outside diameter n. the external
diameter of a cylinder or tube:
Đường kính ngoài
oval piston n. special piston
developed by Honda, able to
accommodate eight valves and
two sparking plugs: Pít-tông hình
bầu dục
overall gear ratio n. ratio of
engine revolutions to road wheel
revolutions, producing road
speed as a ratio of engine speed
(sometimes expressed as mph
per 1000 rpm): Tỉ số truyền động
(tỉ số giữa tốc độ động cơ và tốc
độ bánh xe) toàn phần (tốc độ
động cơ/ tốc độ bánh xe)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
overdrive
overdrive n. (a) transmission speed
which can be selected manually
and gives a ratio of less than 1:1,
i.e. the transmission output shaft
turns faster than the transmission
input shaft: Trục ra hộp số quay
nhanh hơn trục vào
(b) separate transmission installed
in the (rear) drive train giving
an overdrive reduction to direct
or direct and intermediate
gears; usually selected electro-
mechanically by means of a
button or switch located either
in the instrument panel or at the
gear lever: Số OD
overflow hose/pipe n. pipe to drain
off excess fluid, e.g. between the
radiator and the coolant reserve
tank, or in the float chamber if the
specified fuel level is substantially
exceeded due to a leaking needle
valve: Ống thoát, ống xả, ống tràn
overhang n. distance between the
outermost front or rear point of a
vehicle and the wheel centres of
the respective axle: Khoảng cách
từ tâm bánh xe đến cản trước
hoặc cản sau
overhaul v. to repair and restore
to (near) original condition: Đại tu
overhead camshaft n. type of
camshaft situated over the
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
overrev
valves (rather than in the side of
the engine), which is OC or OHC:
Trục cam trên nắp máy
overhead valve engine n. four-
stroke engine with the intake and
exhaust poppet valves located in
the cylinder head and not at the
side of the cylinder as in a side-
valve engine; the valve stems are
either at an angle or parallel and
the valve discs face the piston,
valve actuation pushrod and
swing arm (OHV). In US English,
it is I-head: Động cơ có xú-páp
trên nắp máy
overheat v. to make or become too
hot: Làm quá nhiệt, quá nóng
overinflated tyre n. tyre which has too
much air in it, causing premature
wear in the tread centre. It is
opposite to underinflated tyre:
Lốp xe bơm quá đầy không khí
(căng)
overlap n. = valve overlap: Góc
trùng điệp của xú-páp
overlay n. upper layer of a plain
bearing insert: Lớp vỏ ngoài của
ổ bi.
overload spring n. (chassis) spring
which acts only under heavy load;
prevents bottoming: Lò xo chịu tải
overrev v. to run engine above the
315
overrun
maximum recommended rpm:
Chạy quá vòng quay tối đa cho
phép (động cơ)
overrun (a) n.& v. a vehicle travelling
with no throttle and the engine
acting as a brake is said to be ‘on
the overrun’ or ‘overrunning’: Sự
chạy theo trớn
(b) v. (of a towed vehicle) to
travel faster than the towing
vehicle: Xe bị kéo chạy theo trớn
nhanh hơn xe kéo
overrun control valve n. valve
in a crossover pipe between
the compressor suction and
discharge sides of some
turbocharger systems: Van kiểm
soát vượt tốc của bộ tăng áp
overrun cut-off/ shut-off n. =
deceleration fuel cut-off: Sự cắt
nhiên liệu khi giảm tốc
l overrunning clutch n. (a) part of
a starter motor designed to avoid
armature damage caused by
severe overrevving: Ly hợp trượt
trong máy khởi động
(b) = one-way clutch (in automatic
transmission) device that
disengages the engine on
overrun: Bộ ly hợp một chiều
trong hộp số tự động.
l overrunning clutch starter n. =
PRE-ENGAGED STARTER: Máy
316
oversteer
khởi động với ly hợp một chiều
oversize piston n. piston with a
diameter slightly larger than that
of the standard piston, used in
order to allow for honing of the
cylinder walls: Pít-tông cho xi-
lanh lên cốt
l oversize valve guides n. valve
guide with a slightly larger outside
diameter than the standard valve
guide, used to repair worn valve
guides after their bores have
been reamed: Ống kềm xú-páp
có kích thước lớn để thay ống
kềm xú-páp bị mòn
overspray n. Undesirable spray
residues on adjacent panels and
car parts beyond the resprayed
area (countered by careful
masking): Lớp sơn lan sang chỗ
khác
over square engine n. Engine where
the bore size is lager than the
stroke: Động cơ có đường kính pít-
tông lớn hơn hành trình
oversteer 1 v. (of a vehicle) to turn
more sharply than the driver
intends (possibly causing the rear
of the vehicle to slide wide): Quay
vòng thừa
2 n. action of oversteering. It is
opposite to understeer: Sự quay
vòng thừa
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
overtake
overtake v. To pass another vehicle
going in the same direction: Vượt
overthin v. To add too much thinner
to paint: Cho quá nhiều xăng
thơm khi pha loãng sơn.
owner n. Somebody who actually
owns something, i. e. has the title
of property: Chủ nhân
l owner’s handbook = booklet
provided with a new car which
briefly describes the position
and operation of the various
instrument and switches, as well
as technical specifications and
some maintenance information:
Sách hướng dẫn người sử dụng
oxalic acid n. Acid used as an
electrolyte for anodising: Axít
oxalic
oxidation n. Chemical reaction
which increases the oxygen
content of a compound or in
which a compound or radical
loses electrons, i.e. In which the
positive valence is increased: Sự
oxy hóa, quá trình ôxi hóa
l oxide n. chemical compound of
oxygen with another element: Ôxit
l oxides of nitrogen = nitrogen
oxides: Oxit nitơ (hóa học)
l oxidize v. to (cause to) combine
with oxygen: Làm ôxi hóa
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
oxygen sensor
l oxidizer or oxidizing agent =
compound which gives up oxygen
easily, removes hydrogen from
another compound, or attracts
electrons: Tác nhân ôxi hóa
l oxidizing catalyst = catalyst which
decreases CO and HC levels
using excess air: Chất xúc tác để
ôxi hóa CO và HC trong khí thải
l oxidizing converter = converter
with a conventional oxidation
catalyst that needs a secondary
air supply to convert hydrocarbons
and carbon monoxide and water;
does not control NOx emissions:
Bộ hoá khử có bơm khí
oxyacetylene welding n. = gas
welding: Hàn hơi (ôxi – axêtylen)
oxygen (O) n. gaseous element
essential for life and the
combustion of fuel: Khí ôxi, ký
hiệu là O
l oxygenates n. oxygen-enriched
fuels or anti-knock additives: Phụ
gia vào nhiên liệu để chống kích nổ
l oxygen corrosion n. electro-
chemical corrosion caused by
neutral or alkaline electrolytes
in which, during the cathodic
reaction, oxygen is reduced to
hydroxide: Sự ăn mòn do ôxi
oxygen sensor n. sensor which
317
oxygen sensor system thermo-switch
measures the amount of oxygen
remaining in the exhaust gases. It
is usually called a lambda sensor:
Cảm biến ôxi
oxygen sensor system thermo-
switch n. (fuel injection) usually
located in a coolant hose,
provides a coolant temperature
318
oxyhydrogen gas
signal to the ECM: Công tắc nhiệt
độ nước
oxyhydrogen gas n. Highly
explosive mixture of oxygen
and hydrogen, generated during
charging of lead-acid batteries:
Hỗn hợp khí ôxi và hydro sinh ra
khi nạp ắc quy.
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
P paint
Pp
P (a) = park: Tay số P (đậu) trong
hộp số tự động (gear selector)
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (150km/h or
95mph): Ký tự trên vỏ xe chỉ tốc
độ tối đa 150km/h.
P/A = power-assisted: Trợ lực
packed gland = Cylindrical recess
that accommodates a number of
rings of packing around the shaft
or shaft sleeve (pump). It is also
called stuffing box: Rãnh đặt bạc
trên trục (bơm)
pad = brake pad: Má phanh
pad retainer pin n. pin which locates
the brake pad in a disc brake:
Chốt giữ má phanh (phanh)
pagoda roof n. unusual roof design,
introduced on the Mercedes-
Benz SL Hardtop, which was
slightly lower in the centre than
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
at the sides: Mui xe kiểu tháp
paint 1 n. any pigmented liquid,
liquefiable, or mastic composition
designed for application to a
substrate on a thin layer which
is converted to a solid film after
application: Sơn
2 v. In an automotive context,
painting usually means spray
painting: Phun sơn
l paint booth n. closed section in
a painting line in which coats of
paint are applied: Phòng sơn
l paint chip book n. = colour chart:
Biểu đồ màu (sơn)
l paint colour matching n.
determining the correct paint
shade with the aid of colour
charts and special mixing devices
and, in difficult cases, via spectral
analysis: Sự chọn màu sơn cho
phù hợp khi sơn dặm
319
painting robot
l painting line n. route taken
(and processes undergone)
by the bodywork of a newly
manufactured vehicle on its way
through the paint shop: Dây
chuyền sơn
painting robot n. robot used for
paint application: Người máy
được dùng cho việc sơn
l paint refinishing n. the various
steps involved in repainting a
secondhand car: Các bước khi
sơn lại xe cũ
paint shop n. (a) production stage
in an automobile manufacturing
plant during which the bodywork
is treated with paint: Phân xưởng
sơn
(b) separate paint repair shop,
usually near a body repair shop
(i.e. for damaged vehicles):
Phòng sơn
l paint stripper n. liquid paint
remover: Thiết bị cạo bỏ sơn
l paint system n. the sum of all
coats of paint on a work: Các lớp
sơn
l paintwork n. overall result of
painting; the paint coating or
finish: Sơn
PAIR system n. = Pulse Air Injection
Repair System: Hệ thống dùng
320
panel cutter
rung động khí thải để nạp không
khí vào đường thải
palladium n. white, ductile, malleable,
noble metal of the platinum
family; atomic number 46, atomic
weight 106.4: resembles platinum
and together with other platinum
metals is used as a catalyst in
automotive exhaust converters:
Palađi (hóa học)
pane n. sheet of a window glass:
Tấm kính
panel n. (a) part made from sheet
metal; e.g. door panel: Bảng, tấm
(thép)
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhựa
l panel beater n. (a) person who
beats out the dented bodywork of
a damaged vehicle (b) = panel
hammer: Thợ đồng
l panel beating n. beating out the
dents in damaged bodywork: Gò
thùng xe
l panel bonding n. new repair
process using a special adhesive
to glue body panels in place
instead of spot-welding them:
Phương pháp mới sửa thùng xe
bằng cách dùng chất keo đặt biệt
để dán
panel cutter n. air-operated tool
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
panel puller
used to cut out old panels: Máy
cắt khung cũ (làm đồng)
l panel flanger n. = joggler: Máy
gấp tấm
l panel hammer n. special hammer
for metalworking that has two
differently-shaped heads for
different purpose, e.g. cross-
peen and shrinking hammer: Búa
gò thân xe
l panelling n. (a) a combination of
separate sheet metal panels to
form a complete assembly, e.g.
the outer panels of the body or
even the panels surrounding the
engine: Tổ hợp khung vỏ xe
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhựa (gắn
tableau)
l panel picking n. straightening
very fine indentations or marks
of very small diameter on
a panel surface with a pick
hammer: Gò tinh
panel puller n. tool with slide hammer
and hook or self-threading
screw tip to pull dented doors,
wings and other sheet metal
panels back into place. In US
English,it is knocker: Dụng cụ
kéo khung vỏ
Panhard rod n. transversely mounted
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
paraffin
bar between a beam axle and the
vehicle body as a lateral location
of the axle: Thanh xoắn Panhard
l Panhard rod mounting box =
box section used to mount the
Panhard rod of the rear axle: Giá
lắp thanh xoắn Panhard
panoramic windscreen n. a
windscreen style popular in the
1950s and 1960s that featured
recessed screen pillars, giving a
wide, unobstructed view of the
road; entry for the front passengers
was awkward, since the screen
pillar corners projected into the
door opening: Kính xe nhìn được
bao quát
pantechnicon n. large van or
lorry, especially one for moving
furniture: Xe vận tải lớn để
chuyên chở đồ gỗ
parabolic reflector n. old headlight
reflector in the shape of a
parabola, now replaced by
ellipsoidal reflectors: Gương
phản xạ đèn pha có dạng parabôn
l parabolic spring n. leaf spring
tapered in the shape of a parabola:
Lá nhíp dạng đường parabol
paraffin n. in automotive applications,
used as a solvent for removing
grease. In US English, it is
kerosene: Dầu lửa
321
parallel
parallel 1 a. the same distance
apart at every point: Song song
2 n. two or more electrical
components each receiving the
same voltage: Thiết bị điện mắc
song song
3 v. to connect in parallel: Nối song
song
l parallel action locking pliers n.
locking pliers with parallel action
jaws, e.g. for pinching off hoses
when servicing cooling systems:
Kìm khóa miệng song song
l parallel circuit n. electric circuit in
which the individual components
are connected between two
points, with one of the two ends
of each component connected
to each point; arrangement used
in the vehicle electrical system:
Mạch điện song song
l parallelism n. (of brake discs)
same thickness all the way round:
Sự mòn đều đĩa phanh
l parallel key n. = feather key:
Chìa khóa miệng
l parallelogram steering (system)
n. steering system with a drop
arm and idler arm: Hệ thống lái
hình bình hành
l parallelogram suspension n. =
double wishbone suspension: hệ
322
park
thống treo hình bình hành.
l parallel trailing link suspension
n. front suspension layout used
primarily by Volkswagen on rear-
engined cars: Hệ thống treo
trước với các đòn kéo song song
parallel twin n. type of engine usually
found on traditional British two-
cylinder motorcycles: Loại động
cơ hai xi-lanh của Anh dùng cho
xe gắn máy
parallel valves n. inlet and exhaust
valves with parallel valves
stems: Các xú-páp đặt song
song (hút và thải)
parent panel n. the panel left in
place on the car to which a new
panel is welded after all the rusted
metal has been cut out: Phần còn
lại của khung mục khi làm đồng
park (P) 1 n. one of the positions of
the gear selector for an automatic
gearbox; when engaged (after the
vehicle has come to a complete
standstill) the driving wheels are
locked: Tay số đậu
2 v. to leave a vehicle in a particular
place: Đỗ xe
l parking brake n. mechanically
operated brake that is
independent of the foot-operated
service brakes on the vehicle;
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
parking brake console
set when the vehicle is parked,
usually by hand (handbrake)
but sometimes by foot on some
American cars: Phanh tay
parking brake console = reinforcing
member incorporated in the
centre tunnel area of the floorpan
to provide the mounting support
for the handbrake: Giá đỡ cần
kéo phanh tay
parking brake lever = (inside drum
brake) lever which spreads the
brake shoes outward; the long
end is connected to the parking
brake shoe and to a push bar
which acts on the other shoe:
Cần đẩy guốc phanh
parking brake lever strut = push bar
between the shoes in a drum
brake: Thanh đẩy guốc phanh
parking brake pedal = foot-operated
pedal for the parking brake: Bàn
đạp phanh tay
l parking disc n. marker displayed
on the inside of a parked car
showing time of arrival (of latest
permitted time of departure):
Bảng thông báo thời gian đỗ xe
parking heater n. air heating system
which operates independently of
the engine: Hệ thống sưởi nóng
hoạt động độc lập với động cơ
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
park/ neutral safety switch
l parking interlock n. = PARKING
LOCK: Cơ cấu khóa ở tay số đậu
l parking light/ lamp n. energy-
saving vehicle illumination mode
for longterm roadside parking;
includes only one front sidelight
and one taillight; the parking light
can be switched to illuminate the
LH or RH side: Đèn đỗ xe
l parking lock (PL) n. block gear and
pawl that lock the transmission
mechanically: Cơ cấu khóa ở tay
số đậu
l PL = Parking Lock = block
gear and pawl that lock the
transmission mechanically: Cơ
cấu khóa ở tay số đậu.
l parking lot n. In US English, it is
ground level, outdoor or car park:
Bãi đậu xe
l parking meter n. coin-operated
timing device that indicates how
long a vehicle may legally remain
parked: Thiết bị báo thời gian có
thể đỗ xe
l parking space n. parking place
reserved for a particular vehicle:
Nơi đỗ
l parking ticket n. written fine for a
parking offence: Phiếu phạt đỗ
xe không đúng chỗ
l park/ neutral safety switch n. =
323
part
starter inhibitor switch: Công tắc
an toàn khởi động
part n. component: Thành phần,
phần, phụ tùng
partial flow filter n. = bypass filter:
Bộ lọc mạch rẽ
l partial respray n. respraying part
of the bodywork. It is opposite to
full or complete respray: Sự sơn
lại một phần thân xe
particulate catalyst n. pellet
catalyst: chất xúc tác dạng hạt
l particulate emission n. emission
of solid particles of carbon and
unburnt hydrocarbons from the
exhaust system: Hạt muội than
trong khí thải
particulate emission limit = weight
of particulate emissions in the
exhaust of diesel engines,
specified in grams per mile: Sự
giới hạn lượng hạt muội than
trong khí thải
l particulate ignition temperature
n. in diesel filtration tests, the
exhaust gas temperature at which
there is an equilibrium between
particulate burn-off and deposit
build-up: Nhiệt độ của khí thải
giữa điểm tự làm sạch và điểm
kết muội
particulate matter = particulates n.
324
pass
suspended solids of carbon and
unburnt hydrocarbons from the
exhaust system: Than đóng lại
trên pô
part-load operation n. operation of
systems and components under
conditions below full load: Sự
hoạt động với một phần tải.
part out v. (US) to break up for
spares: Rã xe lấy phụ tùng
part panel n. = patch panel: Miếng
đắp (làm đồng)
parts catalogue n. catalogue listing
available spare parts: Danh mục
phụ tùng
part(s) number n. reference number
attributed to particular part: Mã số
phụ tùng
part-throttle operation n. driving
without using full throttle: Chạy
với cánh bướm ga mở một phần
part-time four-wheel drive n.
manually selectable four-wheel
drive: Chọn dẫn động bốn bánh
bằng tay
PAS = Power-Assisted Steering: Hệ
thống lái có trợ lực
Pascal (Pa) n. SI measurement of
pressure (= ten newton per square
centimeter): Đơn vị đo áp suất
pass v. to overtake: Vượt
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
passenger car
passenger car n. (usually) four-
wheeled motor car powered by
an IC engine and designed for
passengers: Xe du lịch, xe con
passenger car wheel = generally
one-piece wheels made of sheet
steel (rim and disc are welded
together) or light-alloy (cast
or forged alloy wheels), and
designed for tubeless tyres: Bánh
xe liền khối
passenger compartment or
passenger cell n. part of the car in
which the driver and passengers
sit: Khoang hành khách
l passenger-side air bag n. an air
bag restraint system designed
to protect the front passenger;
introduced on some cars in the
early 1990s, it usually occupies
the space normally provided for a
glove compartment: Túi khí dành
cho hành khách
passivate v. to reduce the reactivity of
a chemically active metal surface
by electrochemical polarization
or by immersion in a passivating
solution: Làm thụ động hóa, làm
chậm phản ứng (ăn mòn)
passive safety n. features designed
to alleviate the consequences of a
crash, such as air bags, collapsible
steering column, head restraints,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
payload
toughened windscreen, etc. It is
opposite to active safety: Sự an
toàn thụ động
patching n. repair method for welding
up local corrosion damage by
using smaller panels made up
from sheet metal: Sự đắp vá (hàn
thân xe)
l patch panel n. small sheet
metal panel that is usually made
up specially to repair minor rust
holes: Miếng vá, tấm ráp nối
pattern panel n. body panel made by
somebody other than the original
manufacturer, usually for repair
purposes; this also includes
panels remanufactured after the
spare parts supplies from the
factory have been discontinued:
Tấm thùng xe tự gò
pawl n. (a) an arm pivoted so that
its free end can fit into a notch,
slot, or groove at certain times in
order to hold a part stationary
(b) catch at the bottom of a lever
which connects with a toothed
rack to hold the lever in position
(e.g. with a handbrake lever or in
ratchets): Móc gài, con cóc,chốt
chặn
payload n. the revenue-earning
cargo of a commercial vehicle or
the weight of the cargo: Trọng tải
325
PB
PB = Power Brakes: Trợ lực phanh
(phanh)
PC = Pitch Circle, Polycarbonate
PCB = Printed Circuit Board: Bảng
mạch in
PCD = Pitch Circle Diameter
PCI = Programme Comparison and
Identification: Chương trình so
sánh và nhận dạng
PCV = Positive Crankcase
Ventilation: Thông khí hộp các-te
PCV valve = usually located on
the cylinder head cover, this
valve allows a certain amount of
crankcase blow-by gases to be
metered into the intake system
for burning: Van thông khí hộp
các-te
PE = Polyethylene, Polyellip-Soidal
peak power n. point of maximum
torque: Mô-men cực đại
l peak revs n. point of maximum
engine speed: Số vòng quay tối
đa
l peaky a. (of an engine) only
able to deliver useful power at
high revs, necessitating frequent
gearchanges: Xe chạy ở tốc độ
quá cao cần thiết phải chuyển số
pedal n. foot-operated lever: Bàn
đạp
326
PE headlight
l pedal clearance = the distance
between the pedal and the
floor, when the pedal is fully
depressed; reference points may
vary: Khoảng hở bàn đạp
l pedal free play = the distance
a pedal moves until a slight
resistance is felt/ pedal pulsation
= vibration of the brake pedal
when depressed, caused by a
defective disc or drum (or when
ABS is activated): Sự rung động
của bàn đạp phanh (phanh ABS)
pedals = the accelerator pedal,
brake pedal and clutch pedal:
Các bàn đạp
pedal travel = the total stroke of a
pedal: Hành trình tự do của bàn
đạp
peen n. ball-shaped, or narrow
wedge-shaped end of a hammer
head
opposite the flattened striking face:
Đầu mũi búa
peen hammer = body hammer with
a peen of triangular section with
a fairly sharply shaped end: Búa
đầu tam giác
peening n. flattening or shaping with
a peen hammer: Sự gò bằng búa
PE headlight n. headlight with a
gas discharge lamp and a poly-
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
pein
ellipsoidal reflector: Đèn đầu
với bóng cao áp và choá hình
polyellipsoid
pein n. = peen: Đầu mũi búa
pellet-type catalytic converter n. the
first type of automotive catalytic
converter, introduced in the USA
in 1975: Bộ xúc tác loại hạt
pencil-type glow plug n. = sheathed-
type glow plug: Bu-gi xông máy
loại ống
pendulum impact test n. the
standard test methods are
the Izod and Charpy test; the
specimens have a standard notch
machined in them, and the impact
energy absorbed in breaking the
specimen is recorded: Sự kiểm
tra độ cứng bằng con lắc
penetrating oil n. thin oil used to
loosen corroded parts: Dầu nới
lỏng những phần bị ăn mòn
pent crown piston n. piston designed
with a sloping, pent-roof shaped
piston crown to improve the flow
of the fuel/ air mixture and to
increase engine compression:
Pít-tông đầu vát nghiêng
l pent-roof combustion chamber
n. combustion chamber whose
top is angled like a roof: Buồng
cháy kiểu vát nghiêng
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
perimeter frame
performance n. (a) the general way
a car (or any other machine or
material handles: tính năng xe
(b) specifically, acceleration and top
speed features of a car: Đặc tính
gia tốc và số vòng quay cực đại
l performance characteristics of
materials n. specific values for
materials, obtained by standard
test methods and available for
the selection of appropriate
materials: Đặc điểm, đặc tính của
vật liệu
l performance handling system n.
typically consists of front and rear
anti-roll bars, nitrogen-filled gas
shock absorbers, special springs:
Hệ thống điều khiển tính năng xe
l performance tuning n. efforts
to improve vehicle performance
in particular, such as upgraded
suspension, higher engine output
and/ or torque, or drag-reducing
measures, such as the addition
of spoilers: Sự điều chỉnh để cải
thiện tính năng xe
perimeter frame n. type of frame
widely used for American car that
incorporates separate frames;
the side and crossmembers
form a border that surrounds the
passenger compartment: Sườn
xe dạng uốn tròn
327
permanent four-wheel drive
permanent four-wheel drive n.
permanently engaged four-wheel
drive (with lockable or limited-slip
differentials): Sự dẫn động bốn
bánh thường xuyên
l permanent magnet n. magnetic
material such as hardened
steel that has been strongly
magnetized and retains its
magnetism indefinitely; used in
electric machines: Nam châm
vĩnh cửu
personal(ized) numberplate n.
numberplate chosen (at a cost)
by an owner, rather than one
allocated by the authorities (in the
UK, the DVLA): Bảng số do chủ
xe chọn số (đẹp)
Perspex see polymethyl methacrylate:
Kính perspex dẻo
petroil lubrication n. a lubrication
method for two-stroke engines
where the oil is added to the fuel
and lubricates the moving engine
parts as the air/ fuel mixture
passes through the crankcase:
Sự bôi trơn bằng xăng pha nhớt
petrol n. liquid blend of hydrocarbons
refined from petroleum, used as a
fuel for SI engines: Xăng
(NOTE: US English = gasoline or gas)
petrol engine = spark ignition engine,
328
Phillips screwdriver
using petrol as a fuel: Động cơ
xăng
l petroleum n. the crude oil from
which petrol, lubricating oil, and
other such products are refined:
Dầu thô
petroleum jelly = whitish jelly-
like substance obtained from
petroleum, used as a lubricant
and as a protection against
corrosion: Mỡ bôi trơn (mỡ bò)
l petrol pump n. pump which
dispenses petrol at a filling station.
In US English, it is gas pump: Bơm
xăng ở trạm bán xăng
l petrol station n. filling station. In
US English, it is gas station: Trạm
xăng dầu, cây xăng
l petrol tanker n. specially
equipped lorry for transporting
petrol/ fuel: Xe bồn chở xăng dầu
PFI = Port Fuel Injection: Phun xăng
đa điểm
phase-locked loop circuitry see PLL
circuit
Phillips screw n. proprietary type
of cross-head screw: Vít đầu rãnh
chữ thập, vít pa-ke
Phillips screwdriver = proprietary
type of cross-head screwdriver:
Tuốc nơ vít đầu chữ thập
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
phosphate coating
phosphate coating n. conversion
coating produced by phosphating:
Lớp áo (sơn) ngoài bằng
photphat
phosphate section = section in a
painting line in which phosphate
treatment is performed: Bộ phận
xử lý photphat
phosphate treatment = treatment
of metals with a phosphating
solution to produce a phosphate
conversion coating on the
surface: Sự xử lý photphat
l phosphating n. = phosphate
treatment: Sự xử lý bằng photphat
phosphating solution = solution of
phosphoric acid, often enriched
with zinc, used during the
bodywork production process
for cleaning and rust prevention:
Dung dịch photphat kẽm (chống
ăn mòn)
pH value n. measure of the
concentration of hydrogen ions in
a solution, which shows how acid
or alkaline it is pH: Độ pH
pick and finishing hammer n. widely
used type of body hammer with
a pointed end on one side and a
shallow domed end for finishing
on the other side: Búa đầu nhọn
và đầu vòm
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
pick-up
pick hammer = hammer with a round
head for conventional planishing
and a small pick-shaped head
for working away in sharp or tight
corners. It is not to be confused
with a bullet-point pick hammer,
which has a more blunt pick, nor
with peen hammer: Búa đầu nhọn
pickling n. removal of oxide or mill
scale from the surface of a metal
by immersion, usually in an acidic
or alkaline solution: Làm sạch gỉ
bằng cách nhúng vào dung dịch
axit hoặc bazơ
pickling attack = initial chemical
reaction between phosphating
solutions and metal surface in
phosphate treatment: Phản ứng
của dung dịch tẩy với bề mặt
kim loại
pick-up n. (a) transfer of material,
as between bearing and shaft,
caused by friction and heat due
to lack of oil, which can lead to
seizure: Sự dính hai bề mặt do
thiếu bôi trơn
(b) small truck with an open body
and low sides. It is called a utility
or informally ute in Australia: Xe
tải nhỏ, không mui, thành thấp
l pick-up coil n. coil in which
voltage is induced in magnetic
pick-up assembly: Cuộn dây cảm
329
pick-up module
biến điện từ
pick-up module = trigger-activated
device which sends a signal to
the ignition unit of an electronic
ignition system: Cụm cảm biến
điện từ
l pick-up pipe n. = oil pick-up pipe:
Ống dẫn dầu
pick-up screen = oil pump strainer:
Lọc bơm dầu
l pick-up tool n. tool with a flexible
or rigid shaft and a claw type pick-
up end; used to retrieve small
objects from hard-to-reach areas:
Dụng cụ gắp vật rơi
pig iron n. produced in blast
furnaces, pig iron is the raw
material for practically all iron and
steel products; contains about
3-5% carbon: Gang
pigtail n. = wiring pigtail: Đầu dây
điện ngắn nhô ra từ thiết bị điện
piling n. the build-up of metal on
a contact breaker point. It is
opposite to pitting: Sự dịch
chuyển kim loại trên mặt vít lửa
pill n. jet in the fuel-return line which
establishes the mixture: Gíc-lơ
cân bằng hỗn hợp trên đường
ống hồi nhiên liệu
pillar n. post between the roof and
330
pinholing
the waistline; from front to rear,
there are A-, B-, C-, and D-pillars:
Trụ đỡ, trụ chống
l pillar jack n. = tower jack: Con
đội hình tháp, con đội chết
l pillar light n. courtesy light
mounted on the central pillar:
Đèn trụ cửa
pilot bearing n. In US English, it is
spigot bearing: Ổ lót dẫn hướng
l pilot hole n. hole which acts as a
guide when drilling a larger hole
or for a self-tapping screw: Lỗ
dẫn hướng
l pilot jet n. jet in the idling circuit
of a fixed jet carburettor which
measures and a admits fuel: Gíc-
lơ cầm chừng
l pilot shaft n. dummy shaft which
is used to align parts and is
removed before final assembly of
the parts: Trục dẫn hướng
pin n. bar used as a pivot or swivel
(e.g. kingpin, swivel pin) , or as
a fastener (e.g. cotter pin, dowel
pin): Chốt, trục
pinging n. In US English, it is
pinking:Tiếng gõ
pinholing n. tiny bubbles in the finish
that are often grouped together;
caused by trapped solvents,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
pinion
moisture or air released from the
film: Lỗ nhỏ trên lớp sơn
pinion (gear) n. a gearwheel which
engages with a rack or larger
wheel and whose diameter is not
much larger than the diameter of
its shaft or axle: Bánh răng nhỏ
l pinion shaft n. short drive shaft
in the rear axle connecting the
prop shaft to the crown wheel via
the final drive pinion: Trục bánh
răng bên của bán trục
pinking or (US) pinging n. metallic,
pinging noise caused by detonation
or partial detonation in the
combustion chamber of a cylinder,
usually due to low-octane fuel or
over-advanced ignition: Tiếng gõ
kích nổ
pin punch n. tool with a parallel shaft
for use with a hammer to drive
out pins, shafts, rivets, etc.: Chỉa
bẩy bằng xà beng
pin slider caliper disc brake n.
disc brake design with a sliding
caliper: Bộ kẹp phanh (phanh)
đĩa với chốt trượt
Pinstriping n. thin, precisely
contoured lines along certain
body features; they may extend
along the whole car and finish
off in elaborate, bouquet-like
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
piping
designs: Đường viền thân xe
l pinstriping tool = painting tool used
to apply thin, precise lines on the
body, e.g. on motorcycle tanks
and to enhance car body contours:
Dụng cụ tạo đường viền
pintaux nozzle n. pintle-type diesel
fuel injector nozzle with a hold
in the side through which a very
small amount of fuel is sprayed
when the needle valve is partly
opened at low pressure, before
the main hole comes into use:
Một dạng kim phun diesel
pintle n. (a) the needle of the
injection valve in a diesel fuel
injector: Van kim
(b) vertical bolt or pin in a towing
bracket, to which the towbar is
attached: Cái chốt, trục kéo xe
l pintle nozzle = injector nozzle
containing the pintle: Vòi phun
chứa van kim
pipework n. system of pipes: Hệ
thống ống dẫn
pipe wrench n. adjustable spanner
with serrated jaws: Mỏ lếch răng
piping n. (a) system of pipes: Hệ
thống ống dẫn
(b) rubber or plastic strip inserted
between two removable panels,
i.e. between a bolt-on wing and
331
piston
the body, to cover up the joint
and to prevent water getting in;
with the piping inserted, only the
round bead along the upper edge
of the piping is visible: Ống roong
piston n. the reciprocating element
in a reciprocating piston engine:
Pít-tông
piston bore n. diameter of the bore
in the cylinder block in which
the piston moves back and forth
between top dead centre (TDC)
and bottom dead centre (BDC):
Đường kính pít-tông
l piston charging pump n. either the
function of the piston of the two-
stroke engine to pre-compress
the fresh charge induced into
the crankcase, or a separate
piston used in earlier two-stroke
engine designs to provide a
supercharging effect: Bơm nạp
kiểu pít-tông.
l piston (-type) compressor n.
compressor in an air-conditioning
system with one or more pistons
arranged in either an in-line, axial,
radial or V-configuration: Máy
nén loại pít-tông
piston crown n. the end of the piston
facing the valves: Đỉnh pít-tông
piston damper n. small damper
332
piston lifter
piston in an SU or Stromberg
carburettor which attenuates the
movement of the large air piston
in the venturi: Pít-tông giảm chấn
(chế hoà khí)
l piston diaphragm n. flexible
membrane which displaces under
pressure, imparting movement
to the piston in a Stromberg
carburettor: Màng truyền động
cho pít-tông (bộ chế hòa khí
Stromberg)
l piston engine n. internal
combustion engine in which a
piston is displaced by thermal
expansion of gases; the concept
includes reciprocating engines
and rotary engines, but is usually
used with reference to the
common reciprocating engine:
Động cơ pít-tông
l piston extension screw n. stroke
limiting screw between the
primary piston and secondary
piston stop: Vít chỉnh hành trình
pít-tông
l piston head n. = piston crown:
Đỉnh pít-tông
l piston land n. the raised portion
between two piston ring grooves:
Gờ rãnh xéc-măng
l piston lifter n. pin in the base
of the piston chamber in an SU
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
piston ring
or Stromberg carburettor, used to
check the strength of the mixture
and the free movement of the
piston: Chốt kiểm tra lượng hỗn
hợp và hành trình của pít-tông
(trong bộ chế hòa khí SU và
Stromberg)
l piston material n. the materials
from which pistons are made
grey cast or light alloys; most light
alloys consist of an aluminium-
silicon alloy: Vật liệu làm pít-tông
l piston pin n. In US English, it is
gudgeon pin: Chốt pít-tông
piston ring n. one of usually three
metal rings installed in grooves
in the piston which seal the small
clearance between the piston
and the cylinder wall: Xéc-măng
piston ring clamp n. special
automotive tool used for installing
pistons: Dụng cụ ép xéc-măng
(khi lắp pít-tông)
piston ring flutter n. oscillations of
a piston ring which mainly occur
at high engine speed and thus
can cause breakage: Sự rung lắc
xéc-măng
l piston ring groove n. one of the
grooves round the top of a piston
into which a piston ring fits: Rãnh
xéc-măng
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
piston skirt
l piston ring groove cleaner =
special automotive tool to remove
carbon and varnishes from piston
grooves before installing piston
rings: Dụng cụ làm sạch rãnh
xéc- măng trên pít-tông.
l piston ring stop n. pin pressed
into the ring grooves of a two-
stroke engine in order to prevent
the rings from rotating, which
would allow the open ends to
become jammed in the ports:
Chốt xéc-măng (hai kỳ)
piston rocking n. = piston slap
l piston rod n. (shock absorber)
rod which operates the piston in
a telescopic damper: Thanh đẩy
pít-tông (ống nhún)
l piston seal n. fluid seal on a disc
brake caliper piston: Vòng đệm
kín pít-tông (phanh)
l piston seizure n. sudden
stalling of the engine, caused by
the piston becoming stuck in the
bore; which is often caused by
overheating or lack of lubrication
and often leaves severe score
marks in the cylinders: Sự kẹt
dính pít-tông (rúp-pê)
piston skirt n. the part of a piston
below the gudgeon pin and ring
belt area; its temperature can
reach 1300C: Thân pít-tông
333
pitch
l piston slap n. audible noise
caused by excessive piston
play, which allows the piston
to tilt in BDC and TDC (when
reversing the direction of
motion): Sự va đập của pít-
tông (khi khe hở lớn)
l piston speed n. speed of the
piston for a given engine rpm:
Tốc độ pít-tông
l piston spring n. coil spring in an
SU carburettor which counteracts
the upward movement of the
piston: Lò xo piston giảm chấn
(trong bộ chế hòa khí SU)
l piston top n. = piston crown:
Đỉnh pít-tông
l piston-valve engine n. two-stroke
engine that relies on the ports
in the cylinder walls to control
admission and exhaust of the air/
fuel mixture; it is not equipped
with other control elements such
as rotary valves: Động cơ pít-
tông có các (lỗ) van trên thành xi-
lanh (hai kỳ)
pitch n. (a) axial distance of adjacent
threads measured between
corresponding thread points;
the pitch of single-start threads
equals the lead: Bước ren
(b) parking space or site for a trailer,
caravan, etc.: Nơi đỗ xe
334
pitting
pitch circle (PC) n. the circumference
on which the centres of the wheel
bolt holes are located: Quỹ đạo
của các ốc bắt bánh xe
l pitch circle diameter (PCD) = the
diameter of the stud holes/ bolt
holes for fixing the wheel to the
hub: Đường kính vòng tròn tâm
các ốc bắt bánh xe
pitman arm n. In US English, it is
drop arm: Đòn quay
l pitman shaft = Trục then đòn dẫn
hướng xuyên rocker shaft: Qua
bộ bánh răng tay lái
pitot tube n. tube for measuring
the pressure and velocity of a
fluid flow; in some CVTs, used
in conjunction with a valve
arrangement to control ratio
changes: Ống đo áp suất và vận
tốc dòng chảy
pits n. (a) cavities extending from
the surface into the metal as a
result of pitting corrosion: Hốc,
lõm do gỉ
(b) (at a motor racing circuit) place
where a car stops for servicing,
refuelling, tyre changes, etc.:
Trạm tiếp tế cho xe đua
l pitted a. (of contact breaker
points) eroded: Lõm,rỗ (vít lửa)
pitting n. surface damage to a metal
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
pivot axis
in the form of pits or holes. In the
case of contact breaker points,
the opposite is piling: Sự làm rỗ,
sự làm lõm (kim loại)
l pitting corrosion = corrosion
process resulting in pits: Sự ăn rỗ
bề mặt
pivot axis n. = swivel axis: Trục trụ
quay đứng
l pivot pin n. = kingpin: Trụ quay
đứng (lái)
PL = Parking Lock: Cơ cấu khóa ở
tay số đậu
plain bearing n. cylindrical sleeve
friction bearing; most commonly
used type of bearing: Bạc thau,
bạc lót
l plain disc wheel n. wheel type
without holes or slots in the wheel
disc: Mâm bánh xe không lỗ
planetary gear n. (starter motor)
used in some starters as an
intermediate transmission: Bánh
răng hành tinh (trong máy khởi
động)
l planetary (gear) differential n.
planetary gear set used as a
differential with asymmetric
torque distribution, as for 4wd
vehicles: Vi sai sử dụng bánh
răng hành tinh
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
planishing
l planetary gear set n. comprises
a central externally toothed
sun gear, an internally toothed
outer ring gear, and several
intermediate planet gears which
are evenly spaced and supported
by a planet carrier; they are in
constant mesh with the sun gear
and the internal gear: Bộ bánh
răng hành tinh
l planetary transmission n. In US
English, it is epicyclic gearbox:
Hộp số bánh răng hành tinh
l planet carrier n. part which
revolves around the central
axis of a planetary gear set and
supports the planet gears: Vòng
mang cụm bánh răng hành tinh
l planet gear n. (automatic
transmission) gear whose axis
is not stationary; it is supported
by a planet carrier and revolves
around the central axis: Bánh
răng hành tinh
l planet pinion n. = planet wheel =
planet gear: Bánh răng hành tinh
planishing n. final panel hammering
stage for lifting out minor
imperfections in a panel surface;
part of the panel finishing process:
Sự gõ bóng
l planishing hammer = panel
beater’s hammer: Búa của thợ gò
335
plasma spray process
plasma spray process n. process in
which a very high temperature
flame is produced by blowing
gas through an electric arc;
metal wire or powder is melted by
passage through the flame and
is projected on the surface to be
coated: Qui trình hàn hơi
plastic n. a material that contains
as an essential ingredient one
or more organic polymeric
substances of large molecular
weight, is solid in its manufacture
or processing into finished
articles, can be shaped by flow:
Nhựa, chất dẻo
l plastic deformation n. permanent
change in the shape or size of a
solid body without fracture resulting
from the application of sustained
stress beyond the elastic limit: Sự
làm biến dạng chất dẻo
l plastic engine n. an automobile
engine whose bulk is made of
plastic components (e.g. engine
block, inlet manifold, water-pump
housing, valve covers, sump),
the use of metal being limited
to parts subjected to extreme
mechanical or thermal loads (e.g.
combustion chamber, exhaust
manifold, pistons, cylinder liners,
valve train, etc.): Động cơ bằng
chất dẻo
336
plate
l plastic filler n. = polyester filler
l plasticize v. to soften a material
to make it plastic or mouldable
by heating, kneading, or adding a
plasticizer: Làm cho dẻo
l plasticizer n. an additive that
gives flexibility to an otherwise
rigid plastic: Chất làm mềm dẻo
plastics welding n. a uniting of
thermo-plastic, i.e. non-setting
plastics of similar or different type
using heat and pressure and with
or without the addition of plastic
of a similar kind (filler material):
Kỹ thuật hàn chất dẻo
plate 1 n. (a) thin flat sheet of
metal: Tấm kim loại mỏng
(b) In batteries, it is in each battery
cell are two lead-alloy plates:
one of lead peroxide (positive
plate), the other of spongy lead
(negative plate); separators are
placed between the plates of
different polarity: Bản cực ắc quy.
In clutch, which is disc: Đĩa, tấm,
bảng
2 v. to coat (a metal) with a thin layer
of another metal by electrolysis,
chemical reaction, etc.: Mạ.
l plate grid n. = In batteries, it is
grid: Tấm cốt bản cực (ắc quy)
l plate group n. assembly of plates
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
plating
of identical polarity (positive or
negative) as used in a battery
cell: Nhóm tấm bản cực
l plate strap n. In batteries, the
conducting connection between
the lugs of plates of like polarity
and the cell terminal: Thanh nối
các bản cực cùng dấu
l plate support n. support at the
bottom of a battery case on which
the elements rest; provides space
for the sediment chamber: Gân
đỡ bản cực phía đáy ắc quy
plating n. (metal) coating: Mạ
platinum n. light-grey, heavy, ductile,
noble metal; atomic number 78,
atomic weight 195.09; melting point
at 17690C; main member of the so-
called platinum metals; together
with other platinum metals, is used
as a catalyst in automotive exhaust
converters: Bạch kim
l platinum electrode n. (sparking
plug) an electrode made of
platinum lasts longer than one
of nickel alloy as it can better
withstand high temperatures:
Điện cực bạch kim (bougie)
l platinum metals n. generic term
for a family of noble metals found
with and resembling platinum;
including ruthenium, rhodium,
palladium, osmium, iridium, and
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
plug
platinum; used as catalysts in
catalytic converters; less than a
tenth of a troy ounce is required
per converter to produce acres
of catalytically active catalyst
surface: Những kim loại quý cùng
với bạch kim trong bộ xúc tác
l platinum sparking plug n.
sparking plug with a platinum
centre electrode: Bu-gi điện cực
bạch kim
play see free play
plenum n. an enclosure than
containing air or gas at a higher
pressure than exists outside:
Khoang chứa đầy
plenum chamber n. (a) (of induction
system) usually a large cast alloy
body which connects the throttle
body or inlet tube to the cylinder
head(s) or inlet manifold: Phần
nối từ bướm ga đến lỗ hút
(b) (car body) air compartment
formed between the scuttle and
the bulkhead, providing a basis
for the interior air supply: Lỗ
thông khí salon
pliers n. gripping tool with two hinged
arms and serrated jaws: Kìm có
răng
plug 1 n. (a) stopper which seals
a hole: Nút bịt
337
plug whiskering
(b) male electrical connector: Phích
cắm, đầu cắm đực
(c) = sparking plug: Bu-gi
2 v. to seal with a stopper: Nút lại,
chặn lại
l plug gap n. hole in a tank or
cistern, which can be closed with
a rubber plug: Khe hở bu-gi
l plughole n. = sparking plug
spanner: Tuýp mở bu-gi.
plug whiskering n. = gap bridging:
Muội than nối tắt điện cực
plunger n. (a) any immersing type
of piston: Pít-tông dạng chìm
(b) hydraulic tappet component (e.g.
in a valve): Pít-tông con đội thủy
lực
(c) piston in a starter solenoid: Pít-
tông trong rơ-le cài khớp của máy
khởi động
l plunger principle n. a new ABS
control system which offers
improved pressure modulation
with very small amplitudes even
at pressures close to zero: Hệ
thống phanh ABS mới với bộ điều
tiết áp suất cải tiến
l plunger pump n. oil pump
consisting of a reciprocating
plunger in a ported chamber:
Bơm nhớt dạng pít-tông
338
pocket (slide) caliper
plunging joint n. In US English, it is
sliding joint: Khớp nối trượt
ply n. rubber-impregnated layer of
cord (made from rayon, nylon,
polyester or steel) which forms the
basis of a tyre car-cass: Sợi bố
l ply rating (PR) = index of load-
carrying capacity, giving the
maximum permitted load for a
tyre: Phân loại khả năng chịu tải
của vỏ xe
PM = Particulate Matter: Hạt
l PM trap = diesel particulate filter:
Lọc muội than trong diesel
PMMA = Poly-Methyl-Meth-Acrylate
pneumatic suspension n. = air
suspension: Hệ thống treo khí
l pneumatic trail n. distance
between a vertical line through
the centre of the wheel and the
centre of pressure of the tyre
contact patch; most apparent
during cornering: Khoảng cách
từ tâm bánh xe đến điểm tiếp xúc
mặt đường
l pneumatic tyre n. rubber tyre
filled with air under pressure. It is
opposite to solid tyre: Lốp bơm hơi
pocket (slide) caliper n. small slide-
type caliper for inside and outside
measurement up to about 100
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
pod
mm or 4 inch: Compa đo trong và
đo ngoài loại nhỏ
pod n. housing for a gauge mounted
behind the steering wheel: Phần
khung để gắn tableau sau tay lái
points n. = contact breaker points:
Vít lửa
l points file = thin, fine-toothed file
for cleaning and smoothing off
the piles on contact breaker: Giũa
vít lửa
l points gap = gap between the
contact breaker points when fully
open; measured with a feeler
gauge: Khe hở vít lửa
poke n. (informal) power or
acceleration: Sự nhấn ga tăng tốc.
polarity n. property of an electric
system that has two points with
different electric potentials: Cực
tính
polarization resistance n. the
transition resistance between the
electrodes and the electrolyte;
part of the internal resistance of
a battery: Điện trở chất điện phân
(ắc quy)
pole n. either of two points at
which there are opposite electric
charges (positive or negative), as
at the terminals of a battery: Điện
cực, cực
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
poly-ellipsoidal headlight
l pole piece n. soft magnetic
core of the inductive winding in
a magnetic pick-up assembly;
stator: Lõi từ của cảm biến điện
từ loại nam châm đứng yên
l pole shoe n. in an electrical
machine, such as a starter motor,
a piece of soft iron mounted to the
inside of the housing, surrounded
by the field coils: Má cực của máy
điện (nơi quấn dây)
polishing barrel n. barrel used for
a polishing process in which the
aluminium surface is smoothed
in the presence of metallic
or ceramic shot by a rotating
movement of the barrel: Tang
đánh bóng
pollutant n. in the context of
automotive emissions, pollutant
typically refers to hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides: Chất ô nhiễm
polycarbonate n. a polyester
polymer in which the repeating
structural unit in the chain is of
the carbonate type; used for
bumpers, body and roof panels
(PC): Nhựa PC
poly-ellipsoidal headlight n. headlight
with a gas discharge lamp and
a poly-ellipsoidal reflector, (PE
head-light): Đèn đầu với bóng
339
polyester filler
cao áp và choá hình polyellipsoid
polyester filler n. body repair material
for smoothing dents in body
panels; includes a resin base
filler paste and a catalyst which
is added to the base filler and
hardens by chemical reaction:
Nhựa để làm nhẵn thân xe (matit)
l polyester powder = powder used
for electrostatic powder coating:
Bột sơn tĩnh điện
polyethylene n. a polymer prepared
by the polymerization of ethylene
as the sole monomer; very
resistant to chemical attack (PE):
Nhựa PE
polymer n. substance consisting of
molecules characterized by the
repetition of one or more types of
monomeric units: Chất cao phân
tử, polyme
l polymer alloy = a mixture of two
or more different compatible
polymers: Hỗn hợp nhiều hợp
chất cao phân tử
polymethyl methacrylate
thermoplastic polymer derived
from methylacrylate; transparent
solid with excellent optical qualities
and weather resistance; typical
automotive applications are the
lenses of rear lights (PMMA). It is
also called Perspex: Mica
340
polypropylene
polypropylene n. an extremely
versatile plastic, available in
many grades and also as a
copolymer (ethylene/ propylene)
(PP): Nhựa PP
l polyurethane n. thermoplastic
material with high strength, good
chemical and abrasion resistance;
used mainly for foamed reaction
injection mouldings and for
adhesives, such as for flush-
bonded body glass (PUR): Nhựa
Poliurêtan
l polyurethane paint = type of two-
pack paint based on polyurethane
substances: Sơn poliurêtan
l polyurethane powder = powder
used for electrostatic powder
coating: Bột pôliurêtan
l poly-V-belt n. drive belt with
multiple Vs; flat, similar to the
toothed belts used as timing belts,
but with lengthwise V-shaped ribs
rather than transverse cogs; used
increasingly on new engines
instead of conventional V-belts:
n.
Đai hình chữ V
l polyvinyl chloride (PVC) n. bolt
plasticized and unplasticized
PVC types are marked by good
weathering resistance, and good
surface properties; they are self-
extinguishing (PVC): Nhựa PVC
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
poor opacity
poor opacity n. paint fault in which
the colour of underlying coats
or fillers remains visible through
the topcoat; may be caused
by insufficient paint thickness,
overthinning, etc.: Sự mờ đục
của lớp sơn (thấy lớp sơn lót)
poppet valve n. valve which pops
open and shut in a reciprocating
motion; consists of a valve stem
and disc; the typical valve type
used in engine cylinder heads.
It is also called mushroom valve
due to its shape: Xú-páp
pop rivet n. type of tubular rivet
which initially has a hard steel
pin passing through it; when the
pop rivet is fitted with a pop rivet
gun, the head of the pin expands
the inner end of the tubular rivet,
closing it; the head of the pin then
snaps off; used when a joint can
be accessed from one side only:
Chốt ri-vê bấm bằng súng
pop-up headlights n. = concealed
headlights: Đèn pha xếp
porcelain enamel n. In US English, it
is vitreous enamel: Men thủy tinh
pore n. small opening in a surface:
Lỗ nhỏ trên bề mặt
l porosity n. state or condition of
being porous: Trạng thái xốp
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
port area
l porous a. permeable to air or
fluids: Xốp (không khí hay chất
lỏng thấm qua được).
Porsche-type synchromesh n.
sophisticated synchromesh
technology depending on the
frictional forces by a spreading
synchronizer ring: Bộ đồng tốc
Porsche
port n. generally, any opening
through which air or fluid passes;
specifically, the opening in the
cylinder of a hydraulic valve and
the precision-made hole (jet) in
the wall of a carburettor barrel:
Lỗ thông, cửa (để không khí hoặc
chất lỏng đi qua)
port area n. used to indicate the
cross-section area of the port of
a two-stroke engine; this value is
one of the factors determining the
gas flow and the power of a two-
stroke engine: Mặt cắt lỗ thông
(động cơ hai kỳ)
l port vacuum advance n. a series
of restriction devices between the
distributor advance unit and the
carburettor advance port to ensure
that there is no vacuum advance
during idle, but increasing ignition
advance as the throttle opens
(PVA): Đánh lửa sớm áp thấp nhờ
lỗ trên bộ chế hoà khí
341
PVA
PVA = port vacuum advance n.
a series of restriction devices
between the distributor advance
unit and the carburettor advance
port to ensure that there is no
vacuum advance during idle,
but increasing ignition advance
as the throttle opens: Đánh lửa
sớm áp thấp nhờ lỗ trên bộ chế
hoà khí
l port fuel injection (PFI) n. = multi-
point injection: Phun xăng đa
điểm
positive camber: Góc camber dương
l positive castor n. when an
imaginary line extended through
the steering axis cuts the wheel
axis through the wheel centre:
Góc castor dương
positive crankcase ventilation (PCV)
n. introduced in 1963, PCV
serves to reduce emissions by
recycling crankcase fumes and
blow-by gases: Hệ thống thông
hơi các-te
l positive electrode n. In battery, it
is positive plate: Điện cực dương
(ắc quy)
l positive terminal n. red battery
terminal with a plus symbol
indicating positive polarity: Cực
dương
342
powder slush moulding
post n. (a) pillar between the
roof and the waistline; from front
to rear, there are A-, B-, C- , and
D-posts: Trụ đỡ = battery post:
Cọc bình ắc quy
post-heating n. (glow plugs) heating
after the engine is started to
prevent blue smoke and misfiring
during the warm-up phase: Xông
sau khởi động
l post-ignition n. ignition of the
air-fuel mixture after the electrical
ignition point: Sự bắt lửa của hỗn
hợp sau khi có tia lửa
pot n. (a) = cylinder: Xi-lanh
(b) = dashpot: Cái giảm chấn làm
cánh bướm ga đóng từ từ
pothole n. deep hole in the surface
of a road: Ổ gà trên mặt đường
pot joint n. universal joint in which the
rollers or balls can move freely in
an internally grooved cylinder:
Khớp nối có bi tròn hoặc bi đũa
dịch chuyển tự do
pour point n. the lowest temperature
at which an oil can be poured:
Nhiệt độ thấp nhất mà dầu có thể
chảy (rót)
powder slush moulding n.
processing technique applied to
produce PVC skins: Kỹ thuật tạo
lớp vỏ nhựa trên chi tiết
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
power
power 1 n. the rate at which energy
is converted into work: Công suất
2 v. to provide power to: Cấp công
suất, trợ lực
power-assisted brakes n. braking
system which uses a vacuum
brake booster (servo) to
reduce the pressure on the
brake pedal: Hệ thống phanh
(phanh) có trợ lực
l power-assisted steering (pas)
n. steering system in which a
hydraulic pump powered by the
engine helps the driver to turn the
steering wheel: Hệ thống lái có
trợ lực
power brakes (pb) n. braking system
that uses hydraulic or vacuum or
atmospheric pressure to provide
most of the force required for
braking: Phanh (thắng) có trợ lực
power closing n. = automatic closing
system: Hệ thống đóng cửa tự
động
l power cut-off (switch) n. = battery
master switch: Công tắc ngắt
mass ắc quy
l power distribution n. specific
drive torque distribution between
front and rear axles in a 4WD
system: Sự phân phối công suất
(truyền động bốn bánh)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
power take-of
l power hood n. convertible top
which is raised and lowered by an
electric motor. In US English, it is
electric top: Mui xếp (xe mui trần)
điều khiển bằng điện
l power seat n. seat whose back,
height, thigh and lumbar support,
etc. can be electrically adjusted:
Ghế điều chỉnh bằng điện
l powershift transmission n. (US)
transmission which can be used
without declutching or decelerating:
Hộp số sang số không cần đạp ly
hợp hoặc giảm tốc
l power steering n. completely
hydraulic or pneumatic steering
system, allowing the driver little or
no ‘feel’ for the road; not used for
road-going passenger vehicles
(PS). In informal, it is power-
assisted steering: Trợ lực lái
l power steering pump = pump
which supplies hydraulic pressure
for the power steering system:
Bơm trợ lực lái
power stroke n. downstroke of a
piston, the third stroke in a four-
stroke cycle: Hành trình sinh
công, thì nổ
power take-off n. using the crankshaft
or gearbox to drive ancillary
equipment, such as a pump or
generator (PTO): Bộ truyền lực
343
power window lock-out switch
cho các thiết bị phụ qua puly trục
khuỷu
l power train n. = drive train: Hệ
thống động lực (bao gồm động
cơ và hộp số)
l power valve n. valve in the
enrichment unit, used in some
carburettors to provide a richer
mixture for extra power under
certain conditions; in a typical
design, the power valve is a
vacuum-controlled ball-type
check valve: Van làm đậm để
tăng công suất
l power window (pw) n. In US
English, it is electric window: Cửa
kính xe điều khiển bằng điện
power window lock-out switch =
switch that renders inoperable all
electric window controls on the
individual windows, except for the
master controls on the driver’s
door: Công tắt khóa các cửa điện
PP = Polypropylene: Nhựa PP
l PPO = Polyphenylene Oxide
PR = Ply Rating
prechamber n. (of indirect
injection diesel engines) small
upper chamber in the cylinder
head, connected to the main
combustion chamber by a narrow
passage; fuel is injected into the
344
pre-engaged Bendix starter
prechamber (also called swirl
chamber) where it is ignited
before spreading to the main
chamber: Buồng đốt phụ, buồng
đốt trước
pre-combustion engine n. In US
English, it is indirect injection
engine: Động cơ diesel phun gián
tiếp (có buồng đốt trước)
pre-compress v. to compress the
fuel/ air/ oil mixture first: Nén
trước.
l pre-compression chamber n.
chamber below the piston in a two-
stroke engine in which the fuel/air/
oil mixture is initially compressed in
order to enable more fresh charge
to be fed into the cylinder: Buồng
nén phụ (hai kỳ)
pre-converter vehicle n. a car
built prior to the enforcement
of emission control standards
requiring a catalytic converter
to be fitted to every new car: Xe
chưa lắp bộ xúc tác
pre-engaged Bendix starter n. a
combination of Bendix and pre-
engaged starter drives: Máy khởi
động với bánh răng Bendix và
khớp gài trước
l pre-engaged starter n. starter
motor in which the solenoid-
operated pinion engages with
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
preheater system
a flywheel ring gear before the
full electric current flows; an
overrunning clutch enables
the pinion to freewheel before
disengaging, once the engine has
fired: Máy khởi động gài khớp
trước (khi dòng điện qua đề)
preheater system n. cold starting
aid for diesel engines, consisting
of glow plugs, a glow-control unit,
and a glow plug and starter switch,
for preheating the combustion
chamber or the intake air up to
auto-ignition temperature: Hệ
thống xông trước (diesel)
pre-ignition n. ignition of air/fuel
mixture prior to the electrical
ignition point: Sự cháy sớm
prelubricator n. lubrication
system consisting mainly of an
electronically controlled pump
that circulates pressurized engine
oil to an engine’s vital parts for
about six seconds when ignition
is switched on prior to starting
of the engine; reduces friction
during cold starts and prolongs
engine life: Sự bôi trơn trước khi
khởi động
prepreg n. reinforcing or moulding
material already impregnated
with a synthetic resin: Sự gia cố
vật liệu
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
pressure differential switch
preselector gearbox n. conventional
gearbox with a semi-automatic
change mechanism in which
a gear is selected before the
change is initiated, the change
being made by depressing the
clutch or auxiliary pedal: Hộp số
bán tự động (gài số trước khi số
được sang)
preset station button n. button for
tuning a radio automatically to a
preset frequency, i.e. one radio
station can be allocated to each
button: Nút nhớ đài tự động (radio)
l pressed panel n. panel produced
with special press tools and dies,
as opposed to a hand-made
panel: Khung dập
l press fit n. condition of contact
between two parts that requires
pressure to force the parts
together: Sự lắp ráp bằng áp suất
l pressing plant n. plant
specializing in the manufacture of
car bodies: Máy dập khung ô tô
pressure accumulator n. (usually)
spherical pressure tank of about
10 mm diameter in an hydraulic
brake booster: Bộ tích áp
pressure differential switch n.
hydraulic pressure-operated
switch (often included in a
combination valve) which
345
pressure limiting valve
activates the ‘brake failure’
warning light when one of the
brake circuits (in a dual-circuit
system) fails due to a system leak
and associated pressure drop:
Công tắc điều khiển đèn báo mất
phanh
l pressure-feed spray gun n. type
of spray gun with a separate paint
container (pressure-feed tank); it
is used mostly for spraying highly
viscous materials such as spray
putty: Súng sơn bằng áp suất
(bình chứa sơn đặt rời)
pressure limiting valve or (US)
proportioning valve n. (a) any
valve which limits pressure in a
system, e.g. in a hydraulic circuit,
in automatic transmissions, in
pneumatic suspension systems,
etc. (b) specifically, the valve
used in the rear brake line of
some cars with front disc and
rear drum brakes: Van giới hạn
áp suất
pressure lubrication n. In 4-stroke
engines, it is forced-feed
lubrication. In 2-stroke engines,
it is lubrication system with
crankcase scavenging: Bôi trơn
cưỡng bức
pressure plate n. (a) the plate
carrying pad in a disc brake. It is
346
pressure relief valve
also called backplate: Bố phanh
(trong phanh đĩa).
(b) In transmission, the part of the
clutch assembly which is pressed
against the clutch plate by the
clutch springs to transmit the
drive: Đĩa ép trong ly hợp
l pressure regulating valve n.
(a) any valve which maintains
pressure at or under a certain
pressure; specifically the pressure
relief valve of the oil pump (b) in a
continuous injection system, part
of the fuel distributor, consisting
basically of a spring-loaded steel
diaphragm which serves to keep
the pressure drop across the
metering ports at a constant 0.1
bar: Van điều tiết áp suất
l pressure regulator n. regulator
which governs the pressure of
the fuel delivered to the injectors
by the fuel pump: Bộ điều áp
l pressure regulator valve n.
releases hydraulic fluid if pressure
exceeds a preset value: Van bộ
điều áp
l pressure relief valve n. valve
which opens at maximum safe
pressure and closes again
upon return to normal operating
conditions; its main task is to
prevent the internal pressure of
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
primary battery
a component or a system from
exceeding a certain set point:
Van giảm áp (an toàn)
l pressure wave n. pulsations of
oscillations in the induction and
exhaust systems caused by the
opening and closing of the valves:
Sóng áp suất trong ống pô
l pressure wave supercharger
= comprex pressure wave
supercharger: Bơm tăng áp loại
sóng áp suất
l pressurized a. working under
pressure: Làm việc dưới áp suất
primary battery n. non-rechargeable
battery consisting of one or
more primary cells, used e. g.
in portable radio receivers. It is
opposite to secondary/ storage
battery: Pin thường (không nạp
được)
l primary (catalytic) converter n.
small converter positioned close
to the engine which quickly
actives the necessary operating
temperature to reduce exhaust
emissions during the warm-up
period: Bộ xúc tác sơ cấp
l primary cell n. electric cell that
converts chemical energy into
electrical energy in an irreversible
process; unlike a secondary cell,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
primary circuit
it cannot be recharged: Pin không
sạc được
primary chain n. the chain of a
primary drive: Xích truyền động
chính
primary circuit n. circuit which
comprises the battery, the ignition
switch, if ballasted the ballast
resistor, the primary winding of
the ignition coil, and if breaker-
triggered the contact breaker
points: Mạch sơ cấp (đánh lửa)
l primary compression ratio n.
degree of compression achieved
in the crankcase area below the
piston of a two-stroke engine
when the piston moves down and
compresses the mixture supplied
into the crankcase: Tỷ số nén
chính (hai kỳ)
l primary key n. key which operates
all the locks of the car: Khóa cửa
trung tâm
l primary magnetic field n.
magnetic field of the primary
winding: Từ trường của cuộn dây
sơ cấp
l primary pattern n. oscilloscope
pattern of the primary circuit:
Dạng xung dao động của mạch
sơ cấp
l primary piston n. main piston in
347
primary pump
a tandem master cylinder: Pít-
tông chính (phanh)
l primary pump n. engine-driven
oil pump feeding pressurized
oil to the transmission and
hydraulic control system: Bơm
chính truyền động từ động cơ
cấp nhớt cho hộp số và các hệ
thống thuỷ lực khác
l primary seal n. primary piston
seal in a tandem master cylinder:
Vòng đệm kín của pít-tông sơ
cấp trong xi-lanh cái (phanh)
l primary shaft n. = clutch shaft:
Trục sơ cấp
l primary shoe n. in US English, it
is leading shoe: Má phanh chính
l primary structure component n.
any structural component which,
if it collapsed, could make the car
uncontrollable or would seriously
reduce occupant safety in a
crash: Thành phần đóng vai trò
an toàn khi đụng trong cấu trúc
chính của khung xe
l primary valve n. valve which
controls the primary V-pulley: Van
điều khiển puli sơ cấp chữ V
l primary V-pulley n. A pulley
which is driven by the via a
clutch; one of its halves can be
slid hydraulically, thus varying
348
primer filler
the diameter of the steel thrust
belt track and changing the
transmission ratio: Puli chữ V dẫn
động thông qua ly hợp làm thay
đổi đường kính để thay đổi tỷ số
truyền
l primary winding n. outer winding
of the ignition coil; typically 200
turns of relatively strong wire. It
is opposite to secondary winding:
Cuộn dây sơ cấp
prime v. (a) to apply primer: Phủ
sơn lót
(b) to fill a machine (e.g. a pump)
with the necessary fluid before
starting, in order to improve its
sealing qualities: Mồi bơm
(c) to put fuel in the float chamber of
a carburettor to ease the starting
of an engine: Mồi xăng (nhiên
liệu)
l primer n. first coat of paint applied
to a bare surface; designed to
provide a foundation for the
subsequent coats and to ensure rust
protection: Lớp sơn lót
l primer bath = bath containing the
primer: Bồn chứa sơn lót
primer filler = special primer used to
cover fine cracks: Lớp sơn trét
kín vết nứt
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
printed circuit board programme comparison

l primer oven = painting line oven Procon-ten n. safety system

used to dry the coats of primer:
Phòng sấy sơn lót
l primer surfacer = material for the
resilient coating underneath the
top paint coat which provides
corrosion protection, protects
the paint system from chipping
caused by gravel, provides a
smooth surface for the top paint
coat, and serves as an adhesion
promoter: Lớp sơn lót
printed circuit board n. thin
plastic insulating board on
one or both sides of which the
components and connections of
an electronic circuit are formed
by etching in a metallic coating
or electrodeposition (PCB): Bảng
mạch in
prise off v. to lever off: Bẩy ra, cạy ra
PRNDL = letters denoting the
positions on the gear selector of
an automatic gearbox, standing
for: Park, Reverse, Neutral, Drive,
Low: P = Park, R = Reverse, N =
Neutral, D = Drive, L = Low. Note,
Low may be divided into: 3, 2, 1:
Chữ cái ký hiệu của các tay số ở
hộp số tự động
probe n. a measuring sensor, usually
long and thin to gain access to
narrow cavities: Cái que đo
developed by Audi which makes
use of the relative displacement
of the engine during a frontal
collision; steel cables pull the
steering wheel away from the
driver and increase the seat belt
tension: Hệ thống an toàn xe Audi
production car or model n. car
manufactured by a mass-
production process: Xe sản xuất
đại trà
l production line = system in which
the parts of an end product are
transported by a conveyor past a
number of sites where the parts
are modified without stopping the
conveyor: Dây chuyền sản xuất
l profile n. (a) side view, shape
or outline of an object: Biên dạng
(b) cross-section of a tyre: Mặt cắt
vỏ xe
l profile depth = tread depth: Chiều
cao gai vỏ xe
programme comparison and
identification (PCI) n. (radio)
system that identifies a
programme (station) and
compares programmes so as
to find the station which offers
the strongest signal: So sánh và

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 349

progressive carburettor
nhận dạng tín hiệu sóng radio
progressive carburettor n. =
compound carburettor: Bộ chế
hòa khí với cánh bướm gió kép
l progressive transmission n.
transmission in which it is
necessary to pass through the
gear ratios in a definite order;
usage today confined almost
exclusively to motorcycles: Hộp
số số tới (xe gắn máy)
projected core/ insulator nose n.
insulator tip that extends beyond
the end of the sparking plug shell:
Đầu sứ cách điện bougie.
l projected spark position n. amount
the sparking plug gap projects into
the combustion chamber: 1mm for
the slightly projected spark position
in older engines and 3 mm for the
normally projected spark position
in modern engines: Vị trí nhô ra
của đầu bougie (trong buồng đốt)
promoter n. substance embedded
in the washcoat on catalyst
substrates that serves to enhance
catalytic efficiency: Chất hoạt hóa
(hóa học) trong bộ xúc tác
propane n. colourless, flammable
gas used for cooking, heating
and as a fuel: Prôpan (khí
không màu, khí dễ cháy, dùng
làm nhiên liệu)
350
prop up
propeller (pump) n. impeller of a
propeller pump, characterized by a
small number of blades of double
curvature; propellers are generally
axial-flow impellers, seldom mixed-
flow ones: Cánh bơm
l propeller shaft n. generally
applicable to the long, jointed
shaft between the power unit
and differential, usually mounted
longitudinally from front to rear
on front-engine RWD vehicles. In
US English, it is drive shaft: Trục
truyền động (trục láp)
proportional load synchromesh n.
= locking synchromesh: Bộ đồng
tốc có khóa
l proportioning valve n. In US
English, it is pressure limiting
valve: Van giới hạn áp suất
prop shaft n. = propeller shaft: Trục
truyền động (trục láp)
propulsive power n. the force
with which a vehicle moves; the
pulling force; depends not only
on engine power and torque, but
also on the amount of friction
between driving wheels and road
surface: Lực đẩy
prop up v. to fix the bonnet in the
open position using the bonnet
support stay: Chống đỡ, đỡ lên
(nắp ca-pô )
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
protective coat(ing)
protective coat(ing) n. layer or layers
applied to a surface to provide
corrosion protection: Lớp sơn
bảo vệ
l protector washer n. filter disc
between the primary piston and
primary seal which supports and
protects the primary seal when the
brake system is under pressure:
Vòng đệm bảo vệ (phanh)
prototype n. a first full-scale and
usually functional form of a new
type or design of a vehicle: Nguyên
mẫu, mẫu đầu tiên của xe
PS = Power Steering: Hệ thống lái
có trợ lực
PSI = pound-force per square inch,
a measurement of pressure: Đơn
vị đo áp suất
PTFE = Poly-Tetra-Fluoro- Ethylene
PTO = Power Take-Off
puckering n = wrinkling: Sự nhăn,
nếp nhăn của lớp sơn
puddle lamp n. lamp in the bottom
of a luxury car door which
illuminates the area into which a
passenger is going to step when
the door is opened: Đèn sàn xe
(tại cửa xe)
pull v. (vehicle) to deviate towards
the side: Kéo, lôi
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
pull-in winding
pull away v. to drive away from a
standing start: Chuyển bánh
puller n. special automotive tool
used to remove gears, bearings,
pulleys, wheels and other parts
from shafts by a pulling action:
Cái cảo
pulley n. wheel with a grooved rim
to carry a belt, chain or rope: Puli,
ròng rọc
pull in v. to drive to the side of the
road or into a lay-by, etc. (and
stop): Ghé vào, tấp vào lề
pulling beam n. hydraulic ram
attached securely to the vehicle
at strong
points; pulling force is then applied to
the pulling beam to pull the frame
or sheet metal back into place:
Máy kéo khung xe (bị đụng)
l pulling post = post bolted to the
shop floor or fixed in a concrete
foundation which forms the
anchorage for the chain and
hydraulic jack assemblies to
straighten misaligned bodies: Cột
trụ để neo dây xích và đội thuỷ
lực khi nắn khung
pull-in winding n. winding as used
in a starter solenoid that does
the heavy pull-in work: Cuộn hút
(máy khởi động)
351
pull out
pull out v. (a) to drive away from
the side of a road: Phóng ra (từ
lề đường)
(b) to drive out from behind a vehicle
in front in order to overtake: Vượt
qua mặt
l pull-out door handle n. door
handle which is pulled away from
the door skin to open the door
from the outside: Tay nắm mở
cửa bên ngoài
pull over v. to drive to the side of
the road (and stop): Ghé vào lề
pull-type clutch n. clutch in which
the clutch release bearing is
pulled away from the flywheel
when the clutch is disengaged:
Ly hợp loại bạc đạn kéo
pull up v. to stop: Dừng lại
pulse air principle n. in air
induction system the method of
introducing secondary air into
the exhaust system by means of
aspirator valves actuated by the
pressure pulses of the exhaust
gas stream: Nguyên tắc dùng
dao động khí thải để nạp khí
vào ống thải
l pulse former or shaper n. circuit
for changing the waveform of a
signal: Mạch thay đổi dạng xung.
l pulse generator n. = pick-up
352
punch
module: Máy phát xung, cảm
biến điện từ
pump 1 n. machine that transforms
mechanical energy generated by
a prime mover into the energy of
a moving fluid: Máy bơm
2 v. to add kinetic and potential
energy to a liquid for the purpose
of moving it from one point to
another: Bơm
pump-fed lubrication n. = forced-
feed lubrication: Bôi trơn bằng
bơm, bôi trơn cưỡng bức
l pumping chamber n. =
precompression chamber: Buồng
bơm
l pump power output n. the energy
transferred by a pump to the
liquid pumped: Công suất phát ra
của bơm
l pump rotor n. a centrifugal pump
assembly consisting of the pump
shaft, impeller and further rotating
components, such as rotating
bearing and shaft sealing parts:
Rô-to của bơm ly tâm
l pump shaft n. shaft which
transmits the driver torque to the
impeller(s) of centrifugal pumps
or to the displacement element(s)
of rotary pumps: Trục bơm
punch n. tool for making holes or
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
puncture
driving out bolts, rivets and pins:
Cái đột lỗ, cái đục
puncture n. hole in a tyre made by
a sharp object and causing loss
of air pressure: Lỗ thủng lốp xe
punt chassis n. = back chassis:
Khung xe phía sau
PUR = Polyurethane: Loại nhựa
tổng hợp dùng chế tạo sơn
purge v. to get rid of impurities: Lọc,
làm trong sạch
push bar n. bar between the shoes
in a drum brake: Càng đẩy chống
trống phanh
l pushrod n. (a) steel or aluminium
rod linking the tappet to the rocker
arm in overhead valve (OHV)
engines: Đũa đẩy cò xú-páp
(b) rod which actuates the primary
piston in a master cylinder or
power brake: Cần đẩy (xylanh
cái).
l pushrod engine = overhead valve
engine: Động cơ có xú-páp trên
nắp máy
l pushrod measuring tool = tool
which measures the length of
pushrod needed in an engine; a
pushrod of proper length is vital
to keep the rocker in the centre
of the valve, minimize the risk of
breakage and extend the valve
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
PVC
guide life: Dụng cụ đo đũa đẩy cò
xú-páp
l push start n. = bump start: Khởi
động bằng trớn xe
l push-type clutch n. conventional
clutch in which the clutch release
bearing is pushed towards the
flywheel when the clutch is
disengaged: Ly hợp loại bạc
đạn đẩy
putty n. special paste used for repairing
minor panel imperfections, e.g.
chips or scratches on the filled
surface; it is used after normal
filling and gives an extremely
smooth surface: Keo trét
l putty knife = tool for scraping off dirt,
carbon, and paint or for applying
putty: Dao cạo keo, sơn, bùn
PVA = Ported Vacuum Advance
PVC = Polyvinyl Chloride
l PVC seam sealing = the sealing of
seams with PVC sealant to prevent
the penetration of corrosive agents:
Sự làm kín những đường nối bằng
nhựa PVC
l PVC tape = insulating tape: Băng
keo cách điện
l PVC underbody treatment =
treatment of the under of a vehicle
to protect it from chipping due to
gravel or stones and corrosive
353
PVC underseal PW

agents: Phương pháp bảo vệ sàn to the underbody of a vehicle:

xe bằng nhựa PVC Lớp sơn lót dưới sàn bằng
nhựa PVC
l PVC underseal (coating) =
protective PVC coating applied PW = Power Window: Kính điện

354 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

 Q quattro
Qq
Q letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (160 km/h or
100 mph): Ký tự trên vỏ xe chỉ tốc
độ tối đa 160 km/h
QTS = Quartz Tuning System: Hệ
thống dò đài tự động trong radio
quad-cam engine n. engine with four
camshafts: Động cơ bốn trục cam
quadrant n. (a) (transmission) guide
which indicates the position of
the gear selector of an automatic
gearbox: Bảng báo vị trí cài số
(b) (steering) the V-shaped toothed
section of a worm-and-section
steering box: phần răng dạng
chữ V của bánh vít trong hộp lái
quarter bumper n. type of shortened
bumper designed to give a car a
sporting image: Thanh cản ngắn
gắn thêm để xe có dáng thể thao
quarter-elliptic leaf spring n.
cantilevered half of a semi-elliptic
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
leaf spring, rigidly attached to a
vehicle at its major section and
carrying the axle at its end section:
Lá nhíp dạng một phần tư elip
quarter panel n. rear section of the
body shell which incorporates
the rear wing and usually also
the C-pillar: Trụ đỡ khung cửa
phía sau
quartz-halogen bulb n. high intensity
headlight bulb with a trace of a
halogen gas (such as iodine) in a
quartz envelope: Bóng đèn thạch
anh - halogen
l quartz tuning system (QTS ) n.
quartz- controlled tuning system
with digital tuning and frequency
display; uses micro-processor-
controlled PLL circuitry: Hệ thống
dò đài tự động trong radio
quattro (Italian) four; indicates that
a car has four-wheel drive: Xe hai
cầu chủ động (Ý)
355
quench quill shaft

quench v. (spark) to damp or major factors contributing to HC

suppress: Tắt, nguội, trui and CO concentrations in the
exhaust gas: Vùng lạnh trong
l quench zones n. those parts
buồng cháy (tỷ lệ hoà khí trong
within the combustion chamber of
vùng hơi nghèo do tiếp xúc với bề
an engine where the temperature
mặt lạnh của kim loại)
of the A/F mixture is lower
than necessary for optimum quick take-up valve n. residual
pressure valve with relief hole in
combustion, due to contact with
a brake master cylinder: Van cắt
the relatively cold metal surface;
áp suất dư (phanh)
incomplete combustion in the
quench zones is one of the two quill shaft n. hollow shaft: Trục rỗng

356 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

R radial bearing
Rr
R (a) = Reverse: Tay số lùi R
(b) letter on a fuel gauge indicating
low fuel; when first illuminated
it indicates that there is
approximately five litres left in
reserve: Ký tự trên đồng hồ đo
nhiên liệu chỉ mực nhiên liệu
trong thùng thấp
(c) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (170 km/h or
105 mph): Ký tự trên cạnh vỏ xe
chỉ tốc độ tối đa 170 km/h
race 1 n. inner or outer cylindrical
ring holding the balls or rollers in
an antifriction: Vòng rế ổ bi
2 v. (engine) to run at high speed
when not in gear: Cho động cơ
chạy ở tốc độ cao (không cài số)
l racing start n. a start on a normal
street, e. g. at traffic lights, using
excessive throttle resulting in
wheelspin and tyre screeching:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Sự trượt bánh xe khi xuất phát
mà đạp ga gấp
rack n. long, toothed bar: Thanh răng
l rack-and-pinion steering n.
steering system in which a pinion
on the end of the steering shaft
meshes with a rack of gear teeth
on the major crossmember of the
steering linkage. It is opposite to
parallelogram steering: Cơ cấu
lái thanh răng – bánh răng
l rack galvanizing n. galvanizing
method for objects which can be
placed on a rack: Mạ kẽm với các
chi tiết đặt trên thanh răng
RAD = radiator: Bộ tản nhiệt, két
nước
radial bearing n. bearing designed
to absorb the radial forces acting
on a pump: Ổ bi thiết kế để giảm
lực xuyên tâm trong bơm
l radial clearance n. = radial play:
Khe hở xuyên tâm
357
radial shaft seal
l radial engine n. multi-cylinder
engine in which the cylinders
radiate from a central crankshaft:
Động cơ hình sao
l radial-flow pump n. end-suction
centrifugal pump with the liquid
flowing perpendicular to the
pump shaft: Bơm hướng tâm
l radial play n. bearing clearance in
the radial direction: Khe hở bạc
lót theo hướng tâm
l radial runout n. variation in the
radius of the tyre tread from the
wheel axis, making the tyre no
longer truly round; one of the
main causes of vehicle vibration:
Độ đảo hướng tâm
radial shaft seal n. typical seal
design used to prevent leaks
between stationary parts and
rotating shafts and to exclude
foreign matter: Cái phốt làm kín
trục quay
radial tyre n. tyre in which the plies are
placed radially, or perpendicular
to the rim, with a circumferential
belt on top of them; the rubber
tread is vulcanized on top of the
belt and plies: Vỏ xe có bố quấn
kiểu hướng tâm
radiator n. liquid-to-air heat
exchanger that transfers engine
heat to the outside air; consists of
358
radiator grille
many thin-walled tubes with metal
cooling fins that draw off heat
from the liquid (predominantly
water) inside them: Bộ tản nhiệt,
két nước
l radiator cap n. pressure cap at the
top of the radiator: Nắp két nước
l radiator drain cock n. radiator
tap; unlike the radiator drain plug,
tools are not required to drain
the coolant from a radiator with a
drain cock: Vòi xả két nuớc
l radiator drain plug = threaded
closure plug located at the
underside of a radiator used
to drain the coolant; usually
equipped with a hex or Allen
head: Ốc xả két nước
radiator fan n. In a water-cooled
engine, crankshaft-driven fan is
connected via a temperature-
sensitive viscous coupling, or
driven by an electric motor: Quạt
làm mát két nước
l radiator fan motor = electrically
operated motor responsible for
driving the radiator fan: Mô tơ
quạt két nước
radiator grille n. grating that admits
cooling air to the radiator: Vỉ két
nước
l radiator grille surround n. sheet
metal panel for mounting the
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
radiator tank
radiator grille; often combined
with the front apron to from a
single front panel: Đường viền
bao quanh vỉ két nước
l radiator hose n. rubber pipe
connecting the radiator to the
cylinder block: Ống cao su mềm
dẫn nước từ két qua động cơ và
ngược lại
l radiator hose shark tooth pliers
= special automotive tool for
removing and installing radiator
and heater hose; round and
toothed jaws securely grip the
hose whilts the handles provide
leverage to twist the hose free:
Kìm bóp ống két nước
l radiator support panel n. panel
located behind the radiator
grille surround which provides
a mounting for the radiator and
connects the mudguard skirts at
their front edge: Tấm (giá) đỡ két
nước
radiator tank n. reservoir containing
the coolant in a radiator: Bình
nước phụ
radio/cassette deck n. combined
radio and tape deck (R/C): Ngăn
chứa radio cassette
l radio choke n. electric coil
used to prevent static in the
radio caused by opening and
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ramp
closing of the contact points in
the instrument voltage regulator:
Cuộn dây chống nhiễu
l radio data system (RDS) n.
system which interrupts a
radio broadcast with the latest
information on e.g. traffic
problems: Hệ thống ngắt sóng
radio để báo kẹt xe
l radio frequency interference
(RFI) n. interference generated
by the ignition system and
other electrical apparatus;
counteracted by suppressors:
Nhiễu radio do sóng điện từ
radius arm or rod n. additional
suspension link in a beam axle
layout providing fore-and-aft
location of the axle: Thanh đẩy
phụ của hệ thống treo (thanh kim
loại được lắp vào hai bên cầu xe
và sườn xe để giữ đúng vị trí nằm
ngang của cầu xe)
rain channel n. : Rãnh thoát nước
mưa.
rake (angle) n. angle of a slope, e.
g. caster angle: Góc nghiêng
ramp n. (a) equipment used to
support a vehicle’s front or rear
for underbody work: Con đội chết
(b) device used to raise a vehicle in
the air: Cầu nâng
359
ram pressure
l 2-post ramp: Cầu nâng hai trụ
l 4-post ramp: Cầu nâng bốn trụ
ram pressure n. pressure generated
by the deflection of the fluid flow
due to the curvature of the stator
blades, resulting in a momentum
acting on the turbine: Áp suất tạo
ra do sự lệch hướng dòng chảy
(tua-bin)
range-change n. = auxiliary
gearbox: Hộp số phụ
ratchet n. (a) toothed rack or wheel
which is engaged by a lever to
permit motion in one direction
only: Con cóc, bánh cóc (chạy
một chiều)
(b) drive handle with ratchet
mechanism that permits the
socket to rotate in one direction
only, i.e. the ratchet releases in
one direction, but catches in the
other: Cần siết hai chiều
l ratchet adaptor = converts a
torque wrench or drive handle
without a ratchet mechanism into
a reversible ratchet tool: Bộ phận
chuyển cần siết một chiều thành
hai chiều
l ratchet handle = ratchet
l ratchet screwdriver = screwdriver
with ratchet mechanism: Tuốc nơ
vít có bánh cóc
360
raw exhaust gas
rated capacity n. the quantity of
electricity which can be drawn
from a fully charged-battery for 20
hours by a constant discharging
current until cutoff voltage of 1.75
volts per cell is reached: Dung
lượng định mức của ắc quy
l rated power n. the horsepower
(or kilowatt) power output of an
engine: Công suất ra của động cơ
l rated voltage n. the voltage give
for electrical equipment or
devices which refers to specified
operating conditions: Điện áp
định mức
rationalization n. industrial re-
organization primarily aimed at
a more cost-effective and time-
saving production process: Sự
hợp lý hóa sản xuất
rat-tail file n. (informal) round file:
Giũa tròn
Ravigneaux planetary gear set
n. comprises two sun gears of
different diameters, one internal
gear, and several planet: Bộ bánh
răng hành tinh Ravigneaux
raw exhaust gas n. exhaust gas
upstream of any emission control
device, e.g. before it passes
through a catalytic concerter: Khí
thải chưa xử lí
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
R/C
l raw rubber n. natural rubber
which has been vulcanized: Cao
su thô
R/C = radio/cassette deck: Ngăn
chứa radio cassette
RDS = radio data system
reach n. In sparking plug, distance
from the sealing washer to the
end of the thread: Chiều dài phần
ren đầu bu-gi
reaction distance n. the time
needed to respond to a situation,
translated into the distance
required for this, depending on the
speed of travel; braking distance
plus reaction distance equals the
stopping distance: Thời gian đáp
ứng phanh
reaction injection moulding (RIM)
n. processing technique for
the production of large foamed
(automotive) components, based
on the simultaneous injection of
the liquid components and the
chemical reaction in the mould:
Kỹ thuật xử lý khi sản xuất những
chi tiết chất dẻo bằng phương
pháp ép khuôn
l reactive suspension n. = electronic
ride control
l reactor one-way clutch n. = stator
roller clutch
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
rear
real-time four-wheel drive n. automatic
four-wheel drive engagement by
means of an electro-hydraulic
clutch or a viscous coupling
incorporated in the drive train:
Truyền động bốn bánh tự động
qua ly hợp điện-thuỷ lực hoặc
khớp nhớt
ream v. to enlarge (e.g. worn valve
guides) with a reamer: Khoan,
xoáy rộng thêm
l reamer n. conically or cylindrically
shaped tool with longitudinally
cut teeth for manual or machine
operation, used for precision
finishing of bores: Dao xoáy xi-lanh
rear 1 n. the back: Phía sau, đằng
sau
2 a. at the back: Ở phía sau
l rear apron = rear valance
l rear axle cross member n.
tubular frame member at the rear
of the body shell that incorporates
the mounting points for the rear
axle, e.g. on the VW Beetle and the
Porsch 911: Thanh ngang cầu sau
l rear (axle) differential n. differential
situated in the final drive of the
transmission assembly in a
conventional rearwheel drive car:
Bộ vi sai cầu sau
l rear bulkhead n. vertical panel
361
rear bumper skirt
across the width of the car that
extends behind the rear seat
backrest and separates the
interior from the trunk: Vách ngăn
giữa ghế sau và ngăn để đồ
l rear bumper skirt n. rear bumper
with integral skirt; a large plastic
mounting: Thanh cản sau
l rear cabin pillar n. C-pillar: Trụ đỡ
cabin phía sau
l rear end n. the rear part of the body
shell, extending approximately
from the rear seat pan to the rear
apron of the car, incorporating the
boot floor: Đuôi xe
l rear engine n. engine located at
the rear of a vehicle but outside
the wheelbase (i.e. behind rear
wheels): Động cơ đặt phía sau
l rear fog light or lamp n. red light
of the same intensity as a brake
light: Đèn sương mù đằng sau
l rear-hinged door n. older type
of door construction that had the
hinges at the rear of the door:
Cửa bản lề phía sau
l rear lamp cluster n. group of
lights at the rear corner of a
vehicle, commonly comprising:
tail lamp, brake lamp, reversing
lamp, rear fog lamp, reflector,
direction indicator: Cụm đèn sau
362
rear seat belt
l rear light surround n. separate
panel spot-welded at the juncture
between the trailing edge of the
rear wing and the rear valance
to provide a mounting base for
the rear lights: Đường viền bao
quanh đèn sau
l rear numberplate light or lamp n.
while light illuminating the rear
number plate: Đèn bảng số phía
sau xe
l rear panel n. the panel of the
body shell set underneath the
bootlid; sometimes referred to
as the rear valance if the area
below the bootlid consists of a
single panel only that extends
down to the bottom of the body; in
many designs, however, the rear
valance is a separate horizontal
panel that extends from the rear
bumper area downwards. In US
English, it is back panel: Pa-nô
phía sau
rear seat belt n. inertia reel belt
fitted at each end of the rear
seats; a passeng erriding in the
middle of the rear seats must be
satisfied with just a lap belt, which
many safety experts regard as
inadequate: Dây đai an toàn chỗ
ngồi phía sau
l rear side window n. may refer
to various types of side body
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
rear valance
glass; the side window between
the B- and C- posts of two-
door saloons, the rearmost side
window of estate cars between
the C- and D-post, i.e. behind the
rear seat backrest, and the third
side window found on some four-
door saloons behind the rear side
doors: Cửa hông phía sau
l rear spoiler n. aerofoil mounted
on the rear deck, typically made
of shock-resistant polyurethane
with paintable matt black finish;
effective only at high speeds, but
frequently used for the sake of
appearance: Thanh khí động ở
đuôi xe
rear valance n. separate panel
set below the rear panel
which extends approximately
from behind the rear bumper
downwards to protect the rear
end from splashes of mud: Tấm
che bùn sau
l rear-view mirror n. mirror that
enables the driver to see what
is behind him/her without turning
round. Although all the driver’s
mirrors are rear-view, this usually
refers to the interior mirror:
Gương chiếu hậu bên trong
l rear wash/wipe system n.
electrical system for cleaning the
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
rear-wheel drive
rear window, comprising a water
pump, reservoir and wiper: Hệ
thống gạt xịt nước kính sau
rear-wheel drive n. configuration
in which the rear wheels of the
vehicle are driven (RWD): Truyền
động bánh sau
l rear-wheel drive transaxle =
rear-wheel drive construction
incorporating a transmission-
differential unit placed between
the rear wheels of a front-engined
car: Transaxle (hộp số và cầu)
dành cho xe cầu sau chủ động
l rear window n. central window
at the rear of a vehicle. In US
English, it is backlight: Kính phía
sau
l rear window heating = heating
element that demists inside and
de-ices outside. In US English, it
is backlight heater system: Xông
kính sau.
l rear window louvers = plastic
molding attached to the rear
window which deflects sun rays
to keep the interior cool; usually
hinged to lift up for easy window
cleaning: Tấm che nắng phía sau
l rear wing n. body panel which
partially encloses a rear wheel:
Vè bánh sau
363
reboard system
reboard system n. child restraint
system typically installed
backwards on the front passenger
seat and having the benefit that
the child’s relatively heavy head is
pressed into the back of the child
seat instead of being displaced
forward in a frontal: Ghế bảo vệ
trẻ em đặt đối diện với ghế hành
khách trước
rebore 1 n. regrinding cylinder
bores: Sự xoáy lại (xi-lanh)
2 v. to regrind worn or damaged
cylinder bores before fitting
oversize pistons: Xoáy xi-lanh
rebound clip n. metal clip that holds
the leaves of a multi-leaf spring
together: Ngàm nhíp
l rebound stroke n. (shock
absorber) downstroke of a
piston in a spring damper: Hành
trình đi xuống của pít-tông trong
bộ giảm xóc
rebuild v. to recondition: Tân trang,
làm lại máy
l rebuilt engine = engine
reassembled using either
new parts or reconditioned
components: phục hồi động cơ.
recap = In US English and Australian,
it is retread: Lốp xe đắp lại (tân
trang vỏ xe)
364
reciprocating compressor
receiver n. (a) (e. g. of radio
remote control system device
that receives incoming electrical
or radio signals. It is opposite to
transmitter: Bộ phận thu tín hiệu
trong điều khiển từ xa
(b) With trailer towing, steel
tubing and channel structure that
accepts the ball-mount platform
of a removable trailer coupler:
Khớp nối rơ moóc
l receiver-drier n. device on the
high side of an air-conditioning
system, somewhere between the
condenser and the expansion
valve, which stores excess
refrigerant and removes moisture
from the refrigerant; consists of
a tank, a filter, a drying agent, a
pick-up tube, and, on some units,
a sight glass: Lọc ga (trong hệ
thống lạnh)
recessed spark position n. position
where the spark gap is actually
in the shell of the sparking plug;
used for racing and special
engines: Vị trí tia lửa ngang trong
loại bu-gi đặc biệt cho xe đua
rechargeable battery n. = storage
battery: Pin sạc
reciprocating compressor n. a
positive displacement compressor
with reciprocating pistons;
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
recirculating ball steering
rarely used for supercharging,
more frequently used for air
conditioning: Máy nén có piston
chuyển động tịnh tiến
l reciprocating engine n. engine
with a piston that moves to and
fro, coming to a standstill at each
reversal: Động cơ có pít-tông
chuyển động tịnh tiến
l reciprocating pump n. = piston
charging pump: Bơm pít-tông
chuyển động tịnh tiến
recirculating ball steering n. special
version of the worm-and-nut
steering in which ball bearings
circulate between nut and worm
to reduce friction: Hệ thống lái
có bánh vít và đai ốc di chuyển
ăn khớp với nhau, giữa có bi di
chuyển
reconditioned engine or (informal)
recon n. worn engine that has
been given a new lease of life by
reboring the cylinders, regrinding
the crankshaft journals and
generally replacing any worn or
damaged parts: Động cơ đã đại tu
recreational vehicle n. any vehicle
used for pleasure rather than
business or transport (e.g. dune
buggies) (RV): Xe phục vụ giải trí
rectangular-section ring n. compres-
sion ring with a rectangular cross
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
reducer
section: Xéc-măng có mặt cắt
hình chữ nhật
l rectangular headlamp n. modern
shape of headlamp as opposed to
the traditional circular headlamp:
Đèn đầu hình chữ nhật
rectifier diode n. (in alternator)
semiconductor diode that
converts alternating current to
direct current: Đi-ốt chỉnh lưu
l rectifier pack n. (of alternator)
diode heat sink with diodes: Vỉ
tản nhiệt bộ chỉnh lưu
recycling car n. a car built with
recycled materials and designed
so as to facilitate recycling: Xe
chế tạo bằng vật liệu tái chế
red lead n. poisonous, bright-red
powder, soluble in excess glacial
acetic acid and dilute hydrochloric
acid; used for corrosion
protection: Oxit chì màu đỏ dùng
để sơn lót
red line n. on a tachometer, the top
speed range which is marked
red as sign of excssive engine
speeds: Mức báo động vượt quá
tốc độ cho phép trên đồng hồ tốc
độ động cơ
reducer n. solvent used to dilute
synthetic enamels but not
compatible with lacquer paints:
365
reducing agent
Chất tẩy men tổng hợp
reducing agent n. (in chemical
reactions) material which adds
electrons to an element or
compound, i.e. which increases
the positiveness of its valence:
Chất khử
l reducing catalyst n. a catalyst
such as rhodium which converts
nitrogen oxides into harmless
nitrogen and oxygen in a reducing
catalytic converter: Chất xúc tác
khử oxyt nitơ trong bộ xúc tác
l reducing furnace n. section
in continuous galvanizing lines
in which the oxygen content of
steel surfaces is reduced at 900
- 980 0C by means of hydrogen:
Lò giảm hàm lượng oxy trên bề
mặt thép bằng hydro trong dây
chuyền mạ
l reduction n. chemical reaction in
which an element gains electrons,
i. e. , has an increase in positive
valence: Sự khử
reduction gearbox n. gearbox
located at the wheels, which
reduces the drive speed and may
also increase ground clearance;
often found on 4wd off-road
vehicles: Hộp số giảm tốc
reed n. part of reed valve made
of flexible steel, or of glass fibre
366
reference ignition pattern
reinforced resin, attached to the
valve case and normally closed:
Lưỡi gà (trong van lưỡi gà)
reed stop n. component of a reed
valve used to limit upward travel
of the reed: Bệ lưỡi gà (giới hạn
hành trình lưỡi gà)
reed valve n. control element
which allows the passage of an
operating medium into or out of a
chamber: Van lưỡi gà
l reed valve induction timing =
using a reed valve located in the
intake system to control induction
timing: Điều khiển thời điểm hút
bằng van lưỡi gà
reface v. general term for
reconditioning of the interface
between valves and their seats
in the cylinder head; depending
on valve seat condition, refacing
may involve lapping, grinding or
cutting: Rà lại, mài lại đế xú-páp
reference ignition pattern n.
oscilloscope pattern of an intact
ignition system for comparison
purposes: Dạng xung chuẩn
đánh lửa vít dùng để so sánh
l reference input n. in closed-loop
control, the reference input is fed
to a controller that changes a
controlled variable in a controlled
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
reflectance
system to achieve a certain
output condition or actual value:
Giá trị so sánh (điều khiển kín)
l reference mark sensor n.
magnetic pick-up attached to the
flywheel for sensing the crankshaft
position and transferring the signal
to the electronic control unit, which
calculates the ignition point; the
reference mark sensor scans a
pin or a hole in the flywheel and
produces one output signal per
crankshaft revolution: Cảm biến
vị trí trục khuỷu (thường nằm trên
bánh đà)
l reference temperature n. the
temperature at which measuring
tools and pieces being worked
on must have the specified
measurements unless the
contrary is expressly stated:
Nhiệt độ chuẩn để so sánh
l refinish system n. complete
product lines and product
support offered by many paint
manufacturers for respray
operations in body shops; these
onclude all materials from primers
and thinners to the topcoat plus
additional respray products; all
products are matched for optimum
results: Cụm dây chuyền sơn
reflectance n. ratio of reflected
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
refrigeration cycle
luminous flux to that reflected
from an ideal, perfectly reflecting
surface when similarly illuminated:
Hệ số phản xạ ánh sáng
l reflector n. (a) part of a headlamp
which receives light from the bulb
and reflects it back through the
lens: Chóa đèn pha
(b) part of a rear lamp cluster which
reflects the light from headlamps
behind: Tấm phản chiếu ánh
sáng ở đuôi xe
refrigerant n. (in air-conditioning
sustems) substance used in
refrigerating systems; automotive
air conditioners now use non-
Freon systems as well as the
refrigerant R-12 (Freon) as a
heat transfer medium: Môi chất
làm lạnh, lãnh chất
l refrigerant accumulator =
accumulator-drier: Lọc ga
refrigeration cycle n. (in air-
conditioning systems) refrigerant
in vapour from is pressurized in
the compressor, air-cooled in
the condenser and becomes a
liquid which passes through the
receiver-drier into low-pressure
liquid. It then flows through the
evaporator where it expands
again and starts to boil, absorbing
heat from the core and cooling
367
regenerative braking
the air going into the passenger
compartment. The compressor
draws off the low-pressure
vaporized refrigerant and recyles
it: Chu trình làm lạnh
regenerative braking n. system
in which an electric motor can
be switched to generator mode
when braking, so that the kinetic
energy involved may be stored in
the battery: Hãm điện động cho
động cơ điện (biến thành máy
phát lúc hãm)
register (with) v. to align with:
Thẳng hàng
registered keeper n. the person who
keeps the car, i.e. who is registered
and pays tax (and insurance) for
the car; not necessarily the same
as the owner or the driver: Người
đăng ký xe
l registration n. act of entering
the details of a new vehicle in a
supervised record: Sự đăng ký
(ô tô)
l registration document = papers
giving details of a vehicle,
including its manufacturer, date of
registration, engine and chassis
numbers, and owner’s name: Thẻ
đăng bộ xe
l registration number = unique
sequence of letters and numbers
368
relay
assigned to a vehicle when it is
registered, usually indicating the
year and place of registration,
displayed on numberplates on
the front and rear of the vehicle:
Số đăng ký xe
l registration plate = numberplate:
Bảng số đăng ký xe
regrind 1 v. to smooth and polish
again (e. g. valve seats): Mài lại
regulated proportioning valve n.
= load-sensitive proportioning
valve: van phân phối theo tải
regulator n. any device which controls
fluid flow, pressure, temperature,
voltage, etc.: Bộ điều chỉnh
reinforce v. to increase the strength
of plastics by filling them with
whiskers of glass, metal, fibres,
etc.: Gia cố, tăng cường.
relative humidity (RH) n.
dimensionless ratio of the actual
vapour pressure of the air to the
saturation vapour pressure: Độ
ẩm tương đối
relay n. (a) automatic device
which controls the setting of a
valve, switch, etc. by means of
an electric motor, solenoid, or
pneumatic mechanism: Rơ-le tự
động
(b) (electronics) electrical device in
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
release gent repair

which a small change in current or combined with the air gulp valve:
voltage controls the switching on Van an toàn
or off of circuits or other devices:
reline v. to replace the brake shoes
Rơ-le
in drum brakes: Thay bố phanh
release gent n. a substance to trống (phanh)
prevent a moulding, i. e. a GRP
reluctor n. (magnetic pick-up
part, from sticking to the mould
assembly) = trigger wheel:
and to facilitate its removal from
Rotor, bánh răng trong cảm biến
the mould; as opposed to release
điện từ
wax, this is marketed in liquid
form only: Chất rửa khuôn remote control n. (a) control of
something from a distance: Sự
l release bearing n. = clutch release
điều khiển từ xa
bearing: Bạc đạn tách ly hợp
(b) the device used for this: Thiết
l release button n. button at the
bị dùng để điều khiển từ xa
end of the handbrake lever which,
when depressed, allows the pawl l remote-control locking = central
to be released from the ratchet: locking operated by a remote
nút nhả phanh tay control from outside the car: Khóa
điều khiển từ xa
l release lever n. = clutch release
lever: Cần tách ly hợp l remote starter switch n. special
automotive tool that allows the
l releasing fluid n. penetrating oil
ignition switch to be bypassed for
for loosening seized parts: Dầu
cranking the engine: Công tắc để
dùng để làm lỏng chi tiết bị dính
khởi động từ xa
do gỉ sét
remould v. & n. = retread: Đắp lại
relief passage n. = bypass: Đường
lốp xe
vòng, đường rẽ
removable rim n. = detachable
l relief valve n. (a) = pressure
RIM: Vành bánh có thể tháo rời
relief valve
repair v. & n. 1 v. mending something
(b) valve in the air pump of an air
which is broken or has been
injection system which dumps
damaged: Sửa chữa
part of the air at high pump speeds
to prevent pump damage; may be 2 n. to restore something to working

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 369

repeater
condition, e.g. by reconditioning,
rebuilding, replacing: Sự sửa
chữa
l repair kit = kit for the overhaul
of parts such as carburettors,
generators, pumps, universal
joints, etc.: Nguyên cụm vật tư để
đại tu động cơ
l repair section = special panel
supplied for body repairs that
does not include the full panel
used for assembling the car but
only the most vulnerable areas;
i. e. for wings, separate repair
sections are supplied for the
headlamp area and the bottom
wing edges, where damage
usually occurs: Những bộ phận
rời để sửa chữa phần thân xe
repeater (lamp) n. direction indicator
on the side of a vehicle: Đèn xi
nhan (báo rẽ) bên hông xe
replacement panel n. body panel
supplied for repair purposes;
sometimes also used to denote
a repair section: Tấm khung để
thay thế
l replacement vehicle n. a car
lent by a dealer to a customer
while the customer’s car is under
repair: Xe garage cho mượn chạy
tạm khi sửa chữa xe khách hàng
replenishing port n. port in the
370
reseat
master cylinder body which
connects the fluid reservoir to the
annulus of the primary piston: Lỗ
cung cấp trong xylanh cái của hệ
thống phanh
replica or reproduction panel n. =
pattern panel
rep mobile n. (informal) car used
by a sales representative: Xe của
đại lý bán hàng
required ignition voltage n. maximum
high voltage required to produce a
spark under particular conditions:
Hiệu điện thế đánh lửa.
RES = A button is used to resume
preset cruising speed on cruise
control: Nút nhấn để quay lại tốc
độ đã chạy (ga tự động)
research octane number n. fuel
octane rating determined by
the research octane test, one of
many test procedures (RON). :
Chỉ số ôctan nghiên cứu
RON = Research Octane Number
= fuel octane rating determined
by the research octane test, one
of many test procedures: Chỉ số
octan nghiên cứu
reseat v. to recut a valve seat after
repeated grinding-in has worn it
out of shape: Làm lại bệ xú-páp
mới
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
reserve capacity
reserve capacity n. the time, in
minutes, a battery can maintain a
discharge rate of 25 amps: Dung
lượng dự trữ của ắc quy tính
bằng phút khi phóng dòng 25 A
reservoir n. (a) any container filled
with fluid: Thùng chứa, bình chứa
(chất lỏng)
(b) (double-tube shock absorber)
the space between the outer
and inner tubes of a double-
tube shock absorber which takes
up the oil squeezed out of the
working chamber corresponding
to the volume of the piston
rod immersed in the working
chamber: Ngăn chứa dầu trong
ống nhún kép
reshaping n. panel beating process
for removing dents: the panel is
brought roughly into its original
shape before detailed work is
performed in the finishing stage;
may also refer to the process of
forming a panel from sheet steel:
Gò lại
residual check valve n. = residual
pressure valve: Van áp suất dư
l residual exhaust gases n.
exhaust gas remaining the
cylinder of a two-stroke engine
after the exhaust ports have been
closed, i. e. these gases have
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
resin
not been scavenged: Khí thải sót
trong xy lanh (2 kỳ)
l residual pressure valve n. valve
mounted in the cylinder outlet
between piston and brake lines
of drum brake circuits; maintains
a certain minimum pressure in
the system; disc brakes do not
require a residual pressure valve:
Van áp suất dư
resin n. synthetic, usually organic,
material with a polymeric structure
which, especially after having
been treated with plasticizer,
stabilizer, etc., becomes hard
when dry: Nhựa
l resistance thermometer n.
an electrical temperature
sensor which, in contrast to a
thermocouple, needs an external
voltage supply; the actual sensing
element is a resistor whose
resistance is an accurate indication
of temperature: Cảm biến nhiệt
điện trở
l resistance welding n. a fusion
welding method using electric
current and pressure; includes
spot, seam, projection, and butt
welding: Kỹ thuật hàn bấm.
l resistivity n. ability of a material
not to conduct electricity. It is
371
resonator
opposite to conductivity: Điện trở
suất.
l resistor n. component that reduces
the current in an electrical circuit:
Điện trở
l resistor sparking plug = sparking
plug containing a resistor to
suppress interference with audio-
visual reception: Điện trở đặt
trong bougie (để chống nhiễu)
resonator n. (a) any device that
attenuates pressure spikes: Bộ
phận giảm dao động áp suất
(b) first silencer in a two-silencer
system: Ống pô thứ nhất (loại 2
pô nối tiếp)
respray v. & n. (to add) a coat (or
several coats) of paint to the
existing finish. It is notoriously
difficult to match the colour of
a resprayed panel to that of the
original paintwork: Phun sơn lại
(v.), sự phun sơn lại (n.)
restoration n. any extensive repair
work that is not limited to standard
reconditioning but is of far greater
scope, including remanufacture
of certain parts, stripping to the
last nut and bolt and verification
of each and every component:
Sự tân trang xe
restraint system n. general term for
occupant safety systems such
372
retard
as seat belts, belt tensioners, air
bags, child seats, etc.: Hệ thống
an toàn cho người sử dụng xe
restrictor n. = nozzle retrictor
resurfacing n. if the cylinder
head is warped due to thermal
differences, its mating surface
will have to be machined to
ensure firstly that a level surface
is created and secondly that
the engine's compression ratio
is not increased to above a
tolerable value: Sự rà lại bề mặt
nắp máy
retainer n. = pad retainer (pin):
Chốt hãm
l retainer plate n. plate which
prevents a value from sliding out
of its bore: Đĩa giữ
l retainer spring tool n. special
automotive tool used on drum
brakes for restraining the shoe
retaining springs for removal and
installation; comes in a variety of
shapes, e.g. as a screwdriver-
type tool with a special socket
end to trip retaining washers:
Dụng cụ kẹp lò xo sử dụng để
tháo lắp phanh loại tang trống
retard v. (ignition timing) to
cause the spark to occur later. It
is opposite to advance: Đánh lửa
trễ, muộn
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
retract
l retarded a. occurring late. It is
opposite to advanced: Xảy ra trễ,
muộn
l retarder n. (a) additive to
decrease the evaporation rate
of a thinner or reducer in paint;
used to improve viscosity in hot
weather: Phụ gia làm chậm sự
bốc hơi của chất pha sơn
(b) auxiliary brake used on
commercial vehicles and coaches
(it is a requirement in some EU
countries): Phanh phụ
retract v. to draw back, pull back or
rewind: Xếp lại, rút lại, co lại
l retractable aerial = telescopic
aerial: Anten xếp
l retractable headlights = concealed
headlights: Đèn đầu xếp được
l retractor n. (seat belt) device
which locks the reel of a seat belt
when the forward acceleration of
the occupants exceeds a certain
value: Cơ cấu rút dây đai an toàn
retread 1 v. to attach a new tread to
a used tyre by vulcanization: Đắp
lại lốp xe
2 n. (informal) a retreaded tyre.
It is called recap in the USA and
Australia: Lốp xe đắp lại
retrofit v. to equip a vehicle with new
parts after manufacture: Trang bị
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
reverse
thêm những bộ phận mới trên xe
sau khi mua
REV = Revolution: Số vòng quay,
tốc độ động cơ
l rev counter n. Informally, it is
tachometer: Đồng hồ đo tốc độ
động cơ
reverse 1 v. to drive backwards. In
US English, it is to back up: Lái lùi
lại, de xe
2 n. It shorts for reverse gear (R):
Số lùi
l reverse clutch n. clutch which
couples the components of
planetary gear sets or trains in
such a way that the vehicle can be
driven backwards: Ly hợp số lùi
l reverse-flow scavenging n.
scavenging system for two-
stroke engines in which a cylinder
has two pairs of transfer ports, at
the front and rear respectively,
with two exhaust ports located
on either side of the two pairs
of transfer ports; the incoming
streams of mixture spread
out like a fan, are deflected
downward and expel the spent
gases: Sự đổi chiều của dòng
khí quét (hai kỳ)
l reverse (gear) n. very low gear
for driving backwards, denoted
373
rev limiter
by the letter R on a gear knob or
gear selector: Số lùi R
l reverse inhibitor valve = valve
which prevents the engagement
of the reverse clutch in automatic
transmissions if the vehicle road
speed exceeds 10 km/h: Van cắt
ly hợp số lùi trong hộp sô tự động
khi tốc độ lớn hơn 10km/h
l reversible (gear) puller n. puller
with two or more reversible jaws,
allowing it to be used for inside and
outside pulling: Cảo nhiều răng
l reversing light n. light at the
rear of a vehicle which comes on
automatically when reverse gear is
engaged and illuminates the road
behind the vehicle. In US English,
it is back-up light: Đèn lùi
l reversing warning signal = metal in the platinum family;
beeper alarm that sounds when
a commercial vehicle engages
reversegear. In US English, it is
back-up alarm: Tín hiệu báo lùi xe
rev limiter n. = engine speed limiter:
Bộ phận giới hạn tốc độ động cơ
l revolution counter n. (a)
tachometer, which measures the
engine speed in rpm (b) counter
which counts the total revolutions
of a shaft (as opposed to rpm):
Đồng hồ ghi số vòng quay
374
rich
l revolutions per minute (rpm) n.
number of times the crankshaft
turns in one minute: Số vòng
quay trong một phút
RFI = Radio Frequency Interference
= Sự nhiễm sóng radio
l RFIP = Suppressed Sparking
Plugs = fully shielded and resistor
sparking plugs: Bu-gi chống gây
nhiễu vô tuyến
RH = relative humidity: Độ ẩm
tương đối
right hand: Ở bên tay phải
l RHD = Right-Hand Drive: Xe tay
lái nghịch
rheostat n. resistor with variable
resistance: Biến trở
rhodium n. a silver-white noble
atomic number 45, atomic weight
102.905; used in thermocouples
and, together with other platinum
metals, as a catalyst in catalytic
converters: Chất Rođi (hóa học)
rib n. (a) structural member for
reinforcing bodywork: Thanh gia
cố khung xe
(b) ridge on the sidewall of a tyre to
protect it from damage on impact
with the kerb: Gân, gờ vỏ xe
rich a. of an air/ fuel mixture that
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ride
has more petrol than normal. It is
opposite to lean: Giàu (hỗn hợp
hòa khí)
l rich mixture = a mixture with
more fuel than can be burned
by the oxygen contained in the
air / fuel charge. It is opposite
to lean mixture: Hỗn hợp hòa khí
giàu xăng
ride n. degree of comfort, especially
with regard to the suspension,
experienced by the passengers:
Sự rung xóc của xe mà hành
khách cảm nhận
l ride height n. = ground clearance:
Khoảng sáng gầm xe
l rideheight adjuster = ground
clearance control
l ride levelling n. = automatic level
control (system)
ridge n. (a) the cutting edge of a
screw thread (surmounting the
flanks): Đỉnh ren
(b) In wheel rims, which is hump: Cái
gờ, cái bướu của niềng bánh xe
right-hand drive n. steering system
in which the steering wheel is
located on the right-hand side
of the vehicle; used for driving
on the left, as in the UK, Japan,
Australia, etc. (RHD). It is
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
RIM designation
opposite to left-hand drive: Xe tay
lái nghịch
l right-hand thread n. thread
which will accept a nut turned
clockwise: Ren thuận, ren phải
rigid a.inflexible, without any flexural
or elastic characteristic: Cứng,
không mềm dẻo
l rigid axle = rear axle which may
be either live (in rear-wheel drive
cars) or dead (in front-wheel drive
cars): Trục cứng, cầu bị động
RIM = Reaction Injection Moulding
= (a) the part of a wheel that
connects the wheel disc with
the tyre; its basic purpose is
to provide support to the lower
sidewall: Niềng bánh xe
(b) In bodywork repair, the outer
edge of a dented area that is heat
shrunk towards the centre of the
dent: Viền xung quanh chỗ móp
khi hàn
RIM designation n. the nominal rim
diameter, nominal rim width and
any abbreviations and codes for
the contour of the rim: Thông số
niềng bánh xe
l RIM diameter n. the distance
between the intersection of the
bead seats and the vertical walls of
the rim flanges: Đường kính niềng
375
RIM width
l RIM flange n. the part of a rim that
supports the tyre bead in a lateral
direction; the linear distance
between the two rim flanges
is termed rim width: Mép vành
bánh xe
l RIM ridge n. = hump: Vòng gân
vành bánh xe
l rim size n. comprises the rim width
and rim diameter and is measured
in inches: Kích cỡ niềng
l RIM type n. depending on the type
of tyre, rim types differ according to
the rim profile and the number of
rim parts: Kiểu, loại niềng
RIM width n. the nominal distance
between the rim flanges: Bề
ngang vành bánh xe
l ring belt n. the lands and rings of
a piston: Vùng đầu pít-tông
l ring expander n. = piston ring
pliers: Kìm tháo xéc-măng
l ring gap n. the gap between the
piston ring ends with the piston
installed in the bore: Khe hở
miệng xéc-măng
l ring gear n. An annulus gear,
crown wheel or toothed rim of
a flywheel which engages the
pinion of the starter motor: Vòng
răng bánh đà
l ring spanner n. spanner whose
376
road tax
head fits completely round a nut:
Chìa khóa vòng
rivet n. short metal pin with a head
at one end, for joining two or
more pteces together; a second
head is formed at the other end
by hammering it flat, to secure
the connection: Đinh tán
l rivet gun or riveter = tool with
pliers-like handles and nose oiece
to insert rivets; used, for example,
in body repair work to rivet sheet
metal material together: Súng
bắn đinh tán
road-draft tube n. In US English,
it is oil breather pipe: Ống thông
hơi dầu
l road fund licence n. licence
showing that road tax has been
paid: Giấy đóng lệ phí cầu đường
l road hog n. (informal) a selfish,
often aggressive driver: Người lái
xe bạt mạng
l road speed n. vehicle speed
along a road, measured in mph
or km/h: Tốc độ xe đường trường
roadster n. open two-seater with a
folding top made of unlined canvas:
Loại xe mui trần, hai chỗ ngồi
road tax n. annual tax paid in order
to use a vehicle on the roads:
Thuế cầu đường
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
robot spraying
l road test n. (a) a test to check
that a car is roadworthy after
repair: Kiểm tra xe bằng cách chạy
thử trên đường sau khi sửa chữa
(b) a test of a car (e. g. a new model)
in actual use; for example, by a
magazine for comparison with
other models: Thử xe mới để
kiểm tra tính năng sử dụng
l road-test v. to give a vehicle a
road test: Kiểm tra xe trên đường
trường
l road train n. several linked trailers
pulled by a large truck; common
in Australia for transporting stock:
Xe đầu kéo nhiều rơ moóc
l roadworthiness n. being fit to be
driven on the roads: Sự thích hợp
để chạy trên một đường trường
(của một chiếc xe)
robot spraying n. application of paint
by robots: Người máy phun sơn
rocker (arm) n. lever which rotates
around a shaft pushing down
(opening) the valve with one end
while the other end is pushed
up by the pushrod; the valve is
closed again by spring pressure:
Cần đẩy, cò mổ (xú-páp)
l rocker arm shaft = shaft on
which the rocker arm pivots: Trục
cần đẩy (cò mổ)
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
roll
l rocker box or rocker cover n.
cylinder head cover above the
valve train. In US English, it is
valve cover: Nắp dàn cò xú-páp
l rocker cover gasket = gasket
between the cylinder head and
the rocker cover; usually either
a flat paper or cork gasket or
an O-ring: Đệm kín nắp dàn cò
xú-páp.
l rocker panel n. = sill: Ngưỡng cửa.
l rocker shaft n. the outgoing shaft
of the steering gearbox, to which
the drop arm is connected. In
US English, which is cross-shaft:
Trục rẽ quạt
roll (angle) n. angular displacement
of a vehicle about its longitudinal
axis, i. e. tendency of a vehicle
to heel over when cornering or
in high cross winds: Góc lăn, góc
quay (xe)
l roll axis n. axis through the front
and rear roll centres: Trục lăn
l roll bar n. strong, tubular bar
which reinforces the roof of a
car, especially one used for
occupants if the car should
overturn: Thanh lăn
l roll centre n. the theoretical
point between the front wheels or
back wheels about which the car
377
roller
body rolls when cornering; any
centrifugal force causes the body
to rotate about the roll centre: tâm
quay
roller n. non-spherical rolling element
in a roller bearing: Con lăn, bi đũa
l roller bearing = antifriction
bearing with non-spherical rolling
elements: Ổ bi đũa
l roller cage = cage containing the
rollers in a roller bearing: Rế bi
đũa
Roller n. = Rolls-Royce: Hiệu xe
Rolls-Royce
roller cell pump n. = roller-vane
pump: Bơm cánh con lăn
l roller chain n. power-transmitting
chain in which each link consists
of two free-moving rollers located
by pins connected to sideplates:
Dây xích con lăn
l roller dynamometer n.
dynamometer attached to a
rolling road: Băng thử công suất
dạng con lăn
l roller tappet n. connecting
link between the lower end of
a pushrod and the camshaft,
equipped with one roller to
roduce the friction between the
pushrod or tappet and the cam
during engine operation: Con đội
378
rolling bearing
lăn giữa đũa xú- páp và trục cam
l roller-vane pump n. rotary vane
pump with rollers as pumping
elements which slide against
the pump body when the rotor
rotates: Bơm cánh con lăn
rolling bearing n. = anti-friction
bearing
l rolling circumference n. the
circumference of a loaded tyre:
Vết lăn của bánh xe khi có tải
l rolling friction n. frictional
resistance to rotation in rolling
bearings: Ma sát lăn
l rolling radius n. radius of a loaded
tyre from its axis to the centre of
the contactpatch: Bán kính lăn
l rolling resistance n. resistance to
motion offered by tyres on a flat
road surface, attributable mainly
to rolling and mechanical friction
and dependant on tyre design,
pressure and load; over 50mph,
air resistance becomes more
important: Lực cản lăn
l rolling road n. rollers set in the
floor of a garage, turning or
inspection centre and designed
to simulate road conditions; the
rollers can be driven by the driving
wheels of a car and connected to
a dynamometer for testing the
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
roll oversteer
power output of an engine or may
be independently powered, e.g.
to test the brakes: Con lăn trong
băng thử công suất, thử phanh
roll oversteer n. oversteer caused by
roll when cornering. It is opposite
to roll understeer: Quay vòng
thừa do lăn (xoay)
roll resistance or roll stiffness n.
(chassis) resistance of a vehicle
body to rolling, which depends on
the stiffness of the suspension
springs and anti-roll bar: Khả
năng chống lật
roll test n. serves to test-drive train
functions; may include separate
tests for front and rear axle, left-
and right-hand sides, noise test;
typical duration is two minutes:
Kiểm tra sự lăn
roll understeer n. understeer caused
by roll when cornering: Quay
vòng thiếu do lăn
(NOTE: opposite is roll oversteer)
roo bar = In Australian, it is called nerf
bar: Thanh đỡ va (thanh cản trước)
roof box n. enclosed, multi-purpose
roof carrier: Mui xe đa năng
l roof brace n. transverse rail that
supports the roof panel; there are
usually several roof braces: Trụ
chống mui xe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Roots compressor
l roof panel n. the horizontal outer
layer of the sheet metal roof
panels that is spot-welded along
its edges to the top of the roof,
door and screen pillars: Mui xe
l roof rack n. luggage rack on the
roof of a vehicle: Khung để chở
hành lý gắn trên nóc xe
l roof rail n. longitudinal side
member above the doors to which
the roof panel is attached. It is also
called cantrail: Thanh đỡ mui xe
room temperature vulcanizing sealer
n. semi-liquid, silicone rubber
sealant which is proof against oil
and water but not petro (RTVS):
Roong lỏng
root n. lowest point of a screw
thread. It is opposite to crest:
Chân ren
Roots compressor or supercharger
n. typical lobe-type positive
displacement compressor;
uses two two-lobed or three-
lobed internal rotors phased to
prevent clashing of the lobes by
gears; normally driven from the
crankshaft by toothed or V-belts,
can achieve speeds up to 10,000
rpm; provides low-end torque
and boost without lag but is less
fuel-efficient than a turbocharger:
Bơm tăng nạp, bơm Root
379
rotary disc valve
rotary disc valve n. valve employed
as an inlet control in modern two-
stroke engines, consisting of a
thin steel disc attached to one
end of the crankshaft: Van đĩa
quay (hai kỳ)
rotary (piston) engine n. an engine
which uses no reciprocating
pistons; instead, triangular rotors
revolve in specially shaped
housings; the Wankel engine is
the only type of rotary engine at
present in production: Động cơ có
piston quay tròn, động cơ Wankel
l rotary pump n. pump with rotating
members: Bơm quay tròn
l rotary valve n. engine or pump
component forming part of
a rotating assembly; may be
designed as a cylindrical or a disc
valve: Van quay
l rotary vane pump n. = vane
pump: Bơm cánh quạt
rotation n. motion of a body about
an axis within the body: Sự xoay
vòng quanh trục
roto cap n. device fitted to some
engines which turns a valve
slightly every time it opens or
closes, to prevent the valve
sticking or burning. It is also
called valve rotator: Cơ cấu xoay
xú-páp
380
rotor
Rotoflex coupling n. one design of a
flexible coupling in the shape of a
hexagonal rubber ring: Khớp nối
Rotoflex
rotor n. (a) any component which
rotates: Bộ phận quay
(b) rotating part of an electrical
machine, such as the armature
of a starter motor: Phần quay của
máy điện, rotor
(c) rotating part of the distributor,
which distributes the high voltage
to the individual sparking plugs; in
older systems an oblong shape,
in breakerless distributor system
usually a disc: Con quay, mỏ quẹt
(trong delco)
(d) in an alternator, the rotating pole
pieces with the electro-magnetic
winding, which create a rotating
magnetic field whose lines of force
cut the stationary conductors in the
stator; usually of claw-pole design:
Phần quay của máy phát, rotor
(e) rotating displacement element of
a rotary pump, such as a gear,
screw, piston, etc.: Chi tiết quay
của bơm quay
(f) moving part of a pulse generator.
It is opposite to stator: Phần quay
của cảm biến điện từ
(g) rotating element of a Roots
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
rotowelding
supercharger: Phần quay của
bơm tăng áp kiểu Root
l rotor arm n. = rotor
l rotor-type pump n. engine oil
pump in which an internal rotor,
e. g. with four external lobes,
is used to drive an eccentric
external gear, e. g. with five
internal lobespaces; operates in
a similar way to gear pumps, but
has higher pump capacity, and
is quieter and more expensive:
Bơm rôto
rotowelding n. = friction welding
rotten-egg smell n. in cars equipped
with catalytic converters,
this smell is the result of an
excessively rich air/ fuel mixture:
Mùi trứng thối sinh ra từ bộ xúc
tác khi hỗn hợp hòa khí quá giàu
roughening n. mechanical or
chemical treatment of a surface
to produce minute irregularities:
Sự làm nhám bề mặt
rough a. if an engine sounds rough
it is running unevenly, probably
caused by misfiring or worn
crankshaft bearings: Nổ không
đều
roundabout n. road junction where
the traffic goes round a raised
central circle. In US English, it is
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
rubber
traffic circle: Bùng binh
round file n. file in the shape of a
round bar, rather than a blade:
Giũa tròn
l round head bolt n. general term
including cup head bolts and
mushroom head bolts: Bu-lông
đầu tròn
l round hump n. safety contour on
both rim bead seats preventing
the tyre from sliding into the rim
well: Cái bướu tròn trên niềng xe
route 1 n. direction taken (by a
cable, etc.): Đường đi, lộ trình
2 v. to lay (something) in a certain
direction: Theo tuyến đường
rpm (short for) revolutions per minute;
engine speed as measured
by crankshaft revolutions per
minute: Tốc độ vòng của động cơ
l rpm sensor = engine speed
sensor: Cảm biến tốc độ động cơ
RRIM = Reinforced Reaction
Injection Moulding
r / seat (short for) rear seat: Ghế sau
RTV = Room Temperature
Vulcanizing: Keo làm roong lỏng
đông lại ở nhiệt độ trong phòng
rubber n. (a) a natural elastomer
that at room temperature returns
381
rubbing block
rapidly to approximately its
initial dimension and shape
after substantial deformation by
a weak stress and subsequent
release of the stress: Cao su
(b) (US) (informal) tyres: Lốp xe
l rubber bush = tubular rubber
sleeve for mounting a shaft or
rod: Ống cao su để gắn trục
l rubber coupling = flexible coupling
using pressurized rubber blocks:
Khớp nối cao su
l rubber doughnut coupling =
typical flexible coupling, made of
vulcanized rubber, shaped like a
doughnut: Khớp nối cao su giảm
chấn
l rubberize v. to coat or impregnate
with rubber: Nhúng vào cao su,
trộn chung với cao su và đúc
l rubber mallet n. mallet with a
rubber head: Cái búa gỗ đầu nhựa
l rubber spring n. element of a
rubber suspension system such
as Hydrolastic suspension: Lò xo
cao su
rubbing block n. (ignition) small
block of insulating material on the
contact breaker lever: Khối cao
su trên vít lửa (gối cam)
l rubbing compound n. = cutting
compound
382
run channel
l rubbing strip n. strip of plastic
at the widest point of the body,
along doors and wings down
each side of the car to protect
the bodywork from minor
knocks, (as from the open door
of a neighbouring car): Dải băng
dọc thân xe chống cọ xát
Rudge nut n. quick-release nut for
central-locking wheels: Đai ốc
Rudge
rumble n. characteristic, low-pitched
noise made by worn main
bearings: Tiếng kêu đặc trưng do
bạc lót trục khuỷu mòn gây ra
l rumble seat n. In US English, it is
dickey seat: Ghế phụ đằng sau ở
xe hai chỗ
run 1 n. (paint fault) the trail of a
paint drip; a dribble of paint: Sự
chảy xuống của lớp sơn
2 v. (of paint) to form a run: Chảy
thành vệt
runabout n. (a) an open 2-seater,
predecessor of the roadster: (b)
small car, especially one for use
in town: Ô tô nhỏ
run channel n. U-section rubber
used to hold glass parts and
other body features in place or to
protect panel edges: Roong kính
run-flat properties n. the capability of a
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
run-flat tyre
deflated tyre to operate effectively,
i. e. to permit further driving: Khả
năng chạy tiếp khi xì vỏ
run-flat tyre n. tyre which can run for
a certain length of time without air
in it: Vỏ xe chạy được khi xẹp
run in v. to operate new or
reconditioned machinery
(especially bearings) under light
load and at limited speed to avoid
excessive friction and heat which
would cause uneven bedding in
of the component. Nowadays,
new engines do not need to be
run in. In US English, it is to break
in: Chạy rà, chạy rô-đai
running board n. foot rest below the
doors of a car; common on early
motor vehicles, now only seen on
VW Beetles, pick-ups and some
limousines: Bậc lên xuống xe
l running gear n. the moving
components which link the lower
part of the vehicle to the wheels,
i.e. suspension, including control
arms, springs, shock absorbers,
steering components, etc.: Các
bộ phận nối phần dưới khung xe
với bánh xe
running-in n. driving a vehicle or
running an engine or enter
mechanical unit at reduced speed
and load when new, to prevent
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
rust
pick-up and seizure of the bearing
surfaces, and to ensure even
initial wear: Chạy rà
l running-on n. condition of a SI
engine in which fuel continues to
burn after the ignition has been
turned off, causing the engine to
run on (for a few seconds). It is
also called dieselling: Máy vẫn nổ
sau khi tắt công tắc máy (động cơ
xăng)
l running-on control valve = idle
stop valve: Van khóa cầm chừng
l run on v. (of an engine) to
continue to run after the ignition
has been switched off: máy vẫn
nổ sau khi tắt công tắc máy
run-on tyre n. tyre with a limited
ability to run without air in it;
sufficient to pull over safely: Lốp
xe chạy được khi xẹp
run out n. extent to which a part is
running out-of-true: Sự chạy lệch
tâm, sự đảo, sự mòn lệch
rupture v. to break, burst or split:
Làm gãy, vỡ, nứt
rust 1 n. oxidized iron or steel, the
product of corrosion: Gỉ
2 v. to form rust: Hình thành gỉ
l rust eater n. = rust killer: Chất
phá gỉ
383
rusting
l rusting n. chemical or
electrochemical destruction of iron
and ferrous metals: Sự gỉ (sắt)
l rust inhibitor n. inhibitor which
reduces or prevents the formation
of rust on iron and ferrous metals:
Chất chống gỉ
l rust inspection n. car inspection
conducted to detect rust and
corrosion damage, usually by
means of an endoscope: Sự kiểm
tra gỉ sét
l rust killer n. substances which,
according to their manufacturers,
convert rust into a dry mass which
can be removed with water: Chất
làm sạch gỉ
l rustproof 1 a. resistant to rust:
Không gỉ
2 v. to make resistant to rust: Xử lý
để chống gỉ
l rustproofing n. making resistant
to rust: Làm chống gỉ
l rustproofing agent = anti-
384
Rzeppa-type universal joint
corrosion, wax-based sealant:
Chất chống gỉ
l rust protection n. reducing
the possibility of rust forming
on iron and steel by coating
with protective materials or by
rendering them passive: Sự bảo
vệ khỏi gỉ
l rust remover n. any chemical
substance which removes rust:
Chất tẩy gỉ
l rust sealer n. rust converter
that provides a coat on metal
surfaces to protect them against
air exposure and thus to prevent
continued corrosion: Chất trám
chống rỉ
RWD = Rear-Wheel Drive: Cầu sau
chủ động
Rzeppa-type universal joint
n. constant velocity joint
incorporating balls as a means of
torque transmission; (named after
Alfred Rzeppa, a Ford engineer):
Khớp nối loại Rzeppa
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
T TAC system
Tt
T = letter on the sidewall of type
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (190 km/h or
118 mph): Ký tự trên vỏ xe chỉ tốc
độ tối đa cho phép 190 km/h
tab n. not a continuous flange as
provided at the top mounting of
a wing, but a short flange section
to provide localized fitting of one
panel to another: Vấu, mấu
l tab washer n. washer with a tab
that may be hammered against
a flat side of a nut, or into a hole
in the surface, or over an edge,
in order to secure the nut to the
surface on which it bears: Long
đền chống xoay
TAC = Thermostatic Air Cleaner
tachograph or (informal) tacho n.
a tachometer that produces a
graphical record of its readings,
especially used to record the
speed and distance covered
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
by a heavy goods vehicle (thus
theoretically making it easier to
check on a driver’s speed and
the length of time spent driving
between rest periods): Đồng hồ
tốc độ có ghi lại tốc độ và quãng
đường chạy
l tachometer = tach n. instrument
in the instrument panel,
electronically operated by the
ignition system, which indicates
engine rpm with an analogue or
digital read-out; red areas indicate
dangerous engine operating
speeds. It is also informally called
a rev counter: Đồng hồ đo tốc độ
quay động cơ
TAC system n. contact breaker
ignition system developed
by Lucas, controlled by two
transistors, one serving as a
power output transistor: Hệ thống
đánh lửa bán dẫn có vít của
Lucas
385
tail
tail n. the rear: Phía sau, phía đuôi
l tailboard n. board at the rear
of a lorry or pick-up that can be
removed or let down on a hinge:
Tấm bửng sau (xe tải nhỏ hoặc
lớn)
tailgate n. estate cars and most
hatchback saloons feature a
large rear lid that includes the
rear window and opens to give
access to the whole interior. In
US English, it is liftgate: Cửa hậu
của xe năm cửa
tailgating n. driving so close to the
vehicle in front as to be affected
by its slip stream; a very
dangerous practice as available
reaction time is reduced to a
minimum: Chạy xe sau đuôi một
xe khác
l tail heavy a. description of the
towing vehicle if the being towed
is too heavy: Nặng đuôi (khi kéo
xe).
l tail light or lamp n. red rear light
that illuminates as soon as the
lights are switched on, to indicate
the presence of a vehicle from
the rear: Đèn đuôi
tail light box n. a deep-drawn panel
spotwelded into the tail light
aperture to take the complete tail
light cluster: Hộp đèn sau
386
talking warning system
l tail light panel = rear panel: Bảng
đèn sau
l tail light surround = rear light
surround: Đường viền bao quanh
cụm đèn sau
tailpipe n. last pipe of the exhaust
system which fits behind the
silence and extends to the rear of
the vehicle: Ống pô, ống thải
l tailpipe expander = special
automotive tool used for reshaping
and expanding tailpipes evenly,
to assure a tight fit and prevent
exhaust leaks: Dụng cụ gò ống
pô
l tailshaft n. = gearbox output shaft
take up v. (clutch) to begin to
transmit the drive when the clutch
is engaged: Bắt đầu truyền động
khi nhả ly hợp
l take-up n. the act of taking
up: A sharp take-up of the drive
causes a sudden jerk: Nhả nhanh
ly hợp.
talc n. a soft mineral; a basic
magnesium silicate usually
occurring in foliated, granular,
or fibrous masses, used in
the manufacture of electrical
insulators: Đá tan, bột tan (làm
vật liệu cách điện)
talking warning system n. using
the car radio speakers, this
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
tamperproof carburettor
microprocessor-based system
tells the driver the source of
the problem in a clear, pleasant
(female) voice; if the radio is
on at the time of the alert, the
computer automatically turns
down the volume so the warning
can be heard: Hệ thống báo bằng
giọng nói (qua loa xe)
tamperproof carburettor n. a
carburettor with factory-adjusted
idle speed, sealed idle speed
adjustment screw, and provisions
to ensure that exhaust emission
levels remain within specified
limits over an extended period of
time: Bộ chế hòa khí có lỗ chỉnh
cầm chừng đã niêm phong
tandem axle n. type of axle in
which two axles are closely
coupled, usually not more than
one metre apart: Cầu xe đôi
l tandem master cylinder n.
master cylinder with two pistons;
when the brake pedal is pressed,
the pushrod activates the primary
piston which in turn moves the
secondary piston; necessary for
dual-circuit braking system: Xi-
lanh cái hai tầng trong hệ thống
phanh (dùng cho hai mạch dầu
phanh)
tangential-flow scavenging n. = loop
scavenging
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
tap
tank n. any container for liquit or
gas: Thùng chứa
l tanker n. lorry designed to carry
liquit in bulk: Xe bồn chở nhiên
liệu
tap n. tool used to cut inside threads,
e.g. in a hole: Ta-rô, thanh cốt ren
l tap and die set = selection of tools
such as taps, tap holders, dies
and die stocks for cutting inside
and outside threads: Bộ ta-rô và
bàn khuôn cắt ren
l taper-breaking tool n. = ball joint
separator: Dụng cụ tách khớp nối
cầu
l taper cutter n. tool used to ream,
deburr, align, and enlarge holes,
e.g on car bodies. It is also called
tapered reamer: Dao khoét lỗ
l tapered compression ring n.
upper compression ring which,
due to its tapered cross-section,
requires a reduced running-in
period thus ensuring a tight seal
quickly: Xéc-măng khí (lửa) với
tiết diện hình côn
l taper(ed) leaf spring n. =
parabolic spring: Nhíp có dạng
parabol.
l tapered punch n. = drift punch:
Cái đục hình côn
l taper roller bearing n. bearing
387
tap holder
consisting of a cone (which
includes the rollers and the cage)
and a cone-shaped, stationary
race or cup; can accept axial
thrust as well as providing shaft
location: Ổ bi đũa côn
l taper seat = On sparking plug,
seal without a gasket achieved
by mating the conical surface of
the sparking plus shell and the
cylinder head: Mặt ren côn của
bu-gi
tap holder n. tool used to hold and
drive taps, reamers, and screw
extractors with two long handles
to provide high leverage for
turning operation.: Tay quay ta-rô
tappet n. In valve gear, usually cup-
shaped element (one for each
valve) which slides on the cam
lobes and converts the rotary
motion of the vales; the tappets
actuate either pushrods, rocker
arms, or values directly: Con đội
xú-páp
l tappet adjusting screw = valve
adjusting screw
l tappet gasket = rocker cover
gasket
l tappet wrench = wrench designed
for adjusting value clearances on
OHV-engines with bucket tappet
assembly that use an adjusting
388
TC
screw instead of value shims for
adjustment: Chìa vặn ốc chỉnh
xú- páp
tapping plate n. = hinge tapping plate
l tap spanner = tap holder
tarnish v. to discolour due to the
formation of a thin film of oxide,
sulphide, or some other corrosion
product: Phai màu sơn
tax disc n. (informal) road fund licence
disc displayed on the windscreen
to show that road tax has been
paid.: Dấu chứng nhận đã đóng
thuế cầu đường (gắn trên kính xe)
taxi (cab) n. car in which passengers
are carried for a rate which is
usually recorded by a meter: Xe
tắc-xi
l taxi rank = place where taxis wait
to be hired: Bến xe tắc-xi
t.b. = tow bar: Thanh được lắp vào
đằng sau xe ô tô (để kéo xe khác)
T bar roof n. roof with a T-shaped
bar connecting windscreen and
rear section of roof: Thanh dạng
chữ T ở mui xe
TBI = Throttle Body Injection: Phun
xăng trên bướm ga (có thể đơn
điểm hoặc hai điểm)
TC = Torque Converter = Twin
Carburettors
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
TCI
TCI = Transistorized Coil Ignition
l TCI-H = Transistorized Coil
Ignition with Hall Sensor
TCM = Transmission Control Module
TDC = Top Dead Centre
TDI = Turbo Diesel Engine with
Direct Injection
Teflon n. = Poly-Tetra-Fluoro-
Ethylene
TEL = Tetraethyl Lead
telescopic shock absorber n. a
tubular spring damper operated
by rod and piston; the most
common type of shock adsorber:
Bộ giảm chấn kiểu ống lồng
l telescopic steering column n.
steering column that collapses in
on itself on impact: Trụ lái kiểu
ống lồng
tempa spare (wheel) n. spare wheel
type with considerably reduced
overall dimensions (rim width: 3.5
- 4.0 in), designed to operate at
a higher inflation pressure than
the standard tyre and wheel
unit: Bánh xe dự phòng kích
thước nhỏ
temper v. thermal treatment of finished
products (metals, alloys, plastics)
to remove internal stresses: Tôi để
khử ứng suất nội
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
temperature control element
temperature compensator n. (in
some SU carburettors) wax-type
thermostat contained in a housing
at the base of the jet head; with
increasing temperature, the
wax expands and pushes the
jet upwards, thereby reducing
the effective area of the jet and
restoring the correct fuel flow: Bộ
bù nhiệt (chế hoà khí)
temperature control element n.
(in oil filter bypass valve) a
temperature-controlled valve
spring bias regulator which
controls the bypass valve as a
function of oil temperature: Van
điều khiển nhiệt độ nhớt
l temperature of deflection under
load n. ability of a test specimen
to preserve its shape up to a
given temperature under a
given dead load; characterized
by the temperature at which
the specimen supported at both
ends and heated continually
and uniformly in a liquid heat-
transfer medium is deformed by
a given amount when the load
is applied midway between the
supports: Nhiệt độ biến dạng chịu
tải (khi thử)
l temperature valve n. =
thermovalve template n. thin
metal or card sheet, used as a
389
temporary spare wheel
pattem for cutting pieces of wood,
metal, etc. to an exact shape: Cái
đục
temporary spare wheel n. = space-
saving spare wheel
tensile force n. the stretching
force that acts on the windscreen
header to keep the hood taut:
Lực căng
l tensile strength = measure of a
material’s ability to withstand
tension or stress: Sức bền kéo
tension (a) stretching force: lực
căng
(b) = voltage: Hiệu điện thế
l tensioner n. device designed to
maintain the tension of a timing
belt or chain: Bộ căng đai
l tensioning spring n. spring
designed to maintain tension in
a drum brake: Lò xo giữ độ căng
trong phanh trống
terminal n. One of the connecting
points in an electric circuit, a
conducting device by which
current enters or leaves at such a
points: Cọc, điểm nối
l terminal post = battery post: Cọc
bình
l terminal reamer = tapered
reamer-type tool used to remove
390
test bar
corrosion from the inside of
battery cable clamps: Dụng cụ
làm sạch khoen gắn cọc bình
(hình côn)
l terminal tower n. sockets on the
distributor cap for connecting the
ignition cables: Lỗ cắm dây phin
trên nắp delco
l terminal voltage n. the sum of the
individual battery cell voltages:
Hiệu điện thế giữa hai cực ắc quy
test bar n. test specimen with
the shape of a bar as used in
the impact resistance test: Mẫu
dạng thanh được dùng trong thử
nghiệm sức chịu đựng khi va
chạm
l test-bed n. area equipped with
instruments, used for testing
machinery, engines, etc., under
working conditions: Băng thử
l test current for low temperatures
n. specification for assessing
battery starting behaviour at low
temperatures and under given
conditions; indicated in amps on
the battery case: Kiểm tra dòng
phóng của ắc quy ở điều kiện
nhiệt độ thấp
l test-drive n. a trial drive of a car
after it has been repaired, or of a
new car to decide if one likes it
enough to buy it: Sự chạy thử
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
tetraethyl lead
l test-drive v. to take a car for
a test drive before purchasing it:
Chạy thử
l test lamp/ light n. automotive tool
used to test powered circuits on 6 –
24 volt systems such as headlights,
horns, directional or tail lights: Đèn
kiểm tra mạch điện
tetraethyl lead n. anti-knock fuel
additive (TEL): Chì Tetraethyl cho
vào xăng để chống kích nổ
l tetramethyl lead (TML) n.
anti-knock fuel additive: Chì
Tetramethyl cho vào xăng để
chống kích nổ
t/ glass n. = tinted glass: Kính dán
màu (chống chói)
THC = total hydrocarbons: Tổng số
lượng Hydrocacbon
theft protection n. = anti-theft security
system: Hệ thống chống trộm
thermactor n. = thermal reactor
thermal conduction n. heat transfer
within a substance or to another
substance by direct contact: Độ
dẫn nhiệt
l thermal convection n. heat
transfer by the combined
mechanisms of fluid mixing and
thermal conduction: Sự đối lưu
nhiệt
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
thermal vacuum switch
thermal efficiency n. the ratio of
useful work available from an
engine to the heat supplied from
the fuel: Hiệu suất nhiệt
l thermal radiation n. heat transfer
from one substance to another by
means of electromagnetic waves:
Sự bức xạ nhiệt
l thermal reactor n. device
installed in the exhaust manifold
of some air injection systems to
promote HC and CO oxidation
by providing long exhaust gas
residence times in a localized
area: Bộ phận gắn ở ống thải
giúp tăng cường oxy hoá HC và
CO
l thermal time valve n. valve
which senses temperature,
typically the temperature under
the bonnet, and gives full vacuum
advance when the temperature
is below 10oC; above this
temperature, the thermal time
valve allows distributor vacuum
to be controlled by the thermal
vacuum switch; includes a delay
of typically 20 seconds to allow
full spark advance for better hot
starting: Van nhiệt điều khiển
đánh lửa sớm
thermal vacuum switch n. measures
either air/ fuel temperature,
underbonnet temperature,
391
thermal vacuum valve
or coolant temperature, or a
combination of any two to regulate
the EGR valve accordingly (TVS):
Công tắc nhiệt-chân không
thermal vacuum valve = valve with
the same function as a thermal
vacuum switch (TVV): Van nhiệt-
chân không
thermocouple n. an electrical
temperature sensor: Cặp nhiệt
điện (để đo nhiệt độ)
thermocouple sparking plug =
sparking plug with a thermocouple
in the centre electrode, used to
measure the temperatures in the
individual cylinders as a function
of engine speed and load in order
to select the correct heat range:
Cặp nhiệt điện gắn trong bu-gi để
đo nhiệt độ xi-lanh
thermoforming n. shaping of a
polymer sheet while heating: Uốn
nhựa bằng nhiệt
thermoplastic n. plastic material with
long chain-like molecules that can
repeatedly be softened by heating
and hardened by cooling; most
plastic parts used on vehicles are
made of thermoplastics: Nhựa
dẻo khi nóng
l thermoplastic elastomers =
materials which are rubbery at
room temperature but which
392
thermosyphon cooling
on heating melt to viscous
liquids that can be moulded
and otherwise processed; the
change is reversible; on cooling,
the melted material reverts to
a solid material having rubbery
properties: Nhựa cao su chảy khi
hâm nóng
thermostat n. temperature-controlled
valve located in the hot leg
between engine and radiator,
often mounted on the cylinder
head: Bộ điều chỉnh nhiệt, van
hằng nhiệt
thermostatic air cleaner n. air
cleaner which also controls the
temperature of the air entering
the engine (TAC): Bầu lọc gió có
bộ điều khiển nhiệt độ khí nạp
thermostatic interruptor n. a bimetallic
circuit breaker in lighting circuits
which switches to an alternative
circuit in the event of a fault or
short circuit: Cái ngắt điện nhiệt
tĩnh (cái ngắt điện lưỡng kim)
thermosyphon cooling n. natural
cooling, utilising the fast that
two columns of liquid at different
temperatures possess natural
circulation because the hotter
column weighs less on account
of its lower density; thus the hot
engine must be located at a lower
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
thermo-time switch
level than the cool radiator: Sự
làm mát bằng đối lưu
thermo-time switch n. a switch in
a continuous injection system
that interrupts current from the
starter solenoid to the cold start
valve solenoid when the engine
is hot or after the starter has
been operated for more than a
few seconds, in order to prevent
flooding: Công tắc nhiệt thời gian
thermovalve n. valve which
opens and closes as a function of
temperature: Van nhiệt
thermowell n. space
accommodates a temperature
sensor. The term is sometimes
used with reference to
temperature sensing point or
sensor rather than to the well
itself: Chỗ gắn cảm biến nhiệt độ
thin v. In painting, it is to add thinners
to a paint in order to adjust the
viscosity: Pha loãng sơn
l thin needle-nose pliers
needle-nose pliers with extra long
reach jaws without a wire cutter:
Kìm mỏ nhọn
thinner n. substance used to dilute
lacquer or acrylic products, as
opposed to reducers used for
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
thread
synthetic enamel products: Chất
pha loãng sơn
l thin-wall casting n. used, for
example, as a weight-saving
measure on oil filter housings:
Vật đúc có thành mỏng
third (gear) n. intermediate
gear used for increasing speed,
climbing hills and sometimes for
overtaking: Số ba
l third motion shaft n. = gear-box
output shaft: Trục ra của hộp số
third port induction n. a design
feature of two-stroke engines
which that relies on the piston position
to control induction of the fresh
charge: Cổng nạp thứ ba của
động cơ hai kỳ
the
third scavenging port n. (loop
scavenging) an additional
transfer port located opposite
the exhaust port of a two-stroke
engine cylinder and connecting
through the piston skirt to the
region above the gudgeon pin
n. and below the piston crown: Cổng
thải thứ ba của động cơ hai kỳ
thrash v. to push an engine to its
limits: Chạy hết ga
thread n. (i) helical ridge along the
body of a screw, bolt, etc. , formed
by a die or lathe tool (male or
393
thread angle
external thread): Ren ngoài
(ii) helical groove in a cylindrical
hole, nut, etc., formed by a tap
or lathe tool (female or internal
thread): Ren trong
l thread angle = the angle
between the adjacent flanks of
a thread: Góc ren (góc giữa hai
sườn kế liền của một đường ren)
l thread crest = highest point of
screw thread, opposite the root:
Đỉnh ren
l thread-cutting screw = a self-
drilling fastener that drills its
own hole, taps a mating thread,
and then fastens, all in a single
operation: Đinh ốc cắt ren
l thread diameter = diameter
measured from the crest of a
thread to the corresponding crest
on the opposite side of the bolt or
screw: Đường kính ren
l thread file = tool for restoring
internal or external threads by
filing: Cái giũa ren
l thread gauge = screw pitch
gauge
l thread height = distance from
roof to thread crest, measured
perpendicular to the axis of the
thread: Chiều cao ren
l thread pitch = pitch: Bước ren
394
three-speed gearbox
l thread pitch gauge = screw pitch
gauge: Compa đo bước ren
l thread root = lowest point of a
screw thread, where the thread
joins the body (opposite the
crest): Chân ren
l three-door a. typical design of
sub-compact hatchbacks with
two side doors and one tailgate:
Xe ba cửa
l three-piece alloy wheel n. type
of forged alloy wheel with a wheel
spider or wheel disc and a divided
rim consisting of an outer and an
inner rim well; the rim is bolted to
the spider or the disc: Bánh xe
đúc gồm ba phần
l three-port engine n. the
traditional two-stroke engine
design incorporating the inlet port
connecting the crankcase to the
atmosphere, the transfer port
connecting the crankcase to the
combustion chamber, and the
exhaust port to evacuate the spent
gas from combustion chamber.
The term is used even if the three-
port types are in pairs: Buồng
cháy động cơ hai kỳ có ba cửa
l three-speed gearbox or
transmission n. a gearbox
with three forward speeds; the
usual arrangement for automatic
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
three-wheeler
gearboxes: Hộp số ba tốc độ
l three-valve (engine) n. engine
with two intake valves and one
exhaust valve per cylinder; a
four-cylinder three-valve engine
is also called a 12-valve engine:
Động cơ có hai xú-páp hút và một
xú-páp thải cho mỗi xi-lanh
l three-way catalyst n. catalyst for
the simultaneous conversion of
the three exhaust pollutants HC,
CO, and NO (TWC): Chất xúc
tác ba tác dụng
l three-way catalytic converter
= catalytic converter for the
simultaneous control of HC, CO,
and NO, emissions: Bộ xúc tác
ba tác dụng
three-wheeler n. a light car with three
wheels; formerly made popular
by, for example, the Morgan, the
BSA and the Coventry Victor, now
embodied by the Reliant Robin:
Xe ba bánh
throttle n. (a) = throttle valve:
Bướm ga
(b) the accelerator pedal used to
control the throttle valve: Bàn
đạp ga
l throttle body injection n. = single
point injection (TBI): Phun đơn
điểm
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
throttle valve
l throttle gauge n. tool with straight
calibrated measuring pins for
measuring throttle and choke
valve gaps: Dụng cụ đo khe hở
bướm ga
TPS = Throttle Position Sensor n.
On fuel injection, switch with two
contacts for the two end positions
of the throttle valve, which sends
a signal to the electronic control
unit when the throttle valve is
closed (idle) or wide open (full
load): Cảm biến vị trí bướm ga
l throttle return spring n. spring
which forces the throttle valve
closed when pressure is taken off
the accelerator pedal: Lò xo hoàn
lực bướm ga
l throttle shaft or spindle n. shaft
on which the throttle valve disc
pivots in a caburettor barrel or
inlet tract: Trục bướm ga
throttle solenoid n. a solenoid which
operates mechanically on the
throttle lever; when energized,
the solenoid stern extends and
opens the throttle to establish the
preset idle speed: Solenoid đẩy
bướm ga (điều khiển cầm chừng)
throttle valve n. (a) In air intake,
e.g., in carburettor, a butterfly
395
through bolt
valve in the inlet tract, designed
to provide control of power output
by limiting the amount of fresh
mixture induced: Bướm ga
(b) On automatic transmission
control, modulator valve actuated
via either the accelerator pedal,
or the vacuum in the engine
inlet manifold, or the carburettor
throttle; it converts line pressure
into an engine-load dependent
pressure, which is directed to
various valves: Van kick-down
(hộp số)
l throttle valve switch n. = throttle
position sensor (TPS): Cảm biến
vị trí bướm ga
l throttling n. reducing the power
output of an engine by closing the
throttle, thus restricting airflow
through the carburettor or inlet
tract: Sự giảm ga
through bolt n. generally, any
bolt which is inserted through
the parts of an assembly and
secured on the other side by a
nut. Specifically, one of the two
long bolts that bolts the starter or
alternator assembly together: Bu-
lông xuyên
throwout bearing n. In US English,
it is clutch release bearing
l throwout fork or lever n. In US
396
TI
English, it is clutch release lever
thrust bearing n. a low-friction bearing
on a rotating shaft that resists
axial thrust in the shaft; usually
consists of a collar which bears
against a ring of well lubricated
stationary and sometimes tilting
pads: Bạc (vòng bi) chặn
l thrust plate n. = driven plate:
đĩa bị động
l thrust washer n. an axially
loaded washer, e.g. of a shaft
bearing: Vòng đệm chặn
thumb nut or thumbscrew n.
a nut or screw with projections
enabling it to be turned by thumb
and forefinger; a wing nut / screw:
Đai ốc có tai để tháo lắp bằng tay
l thumb wheel n. small wheel for
adjusting, which can be turned by
using the thumb and forefinger:
Núm điều chỉnh vặn tay
thyristor n. silicon controlled rectifier
which converts alternating current
to a uni-directional current: Thiết
bị chỉnh lưu silic
l thyristor ignition = capacitor
discharge ignition system
(thyristor): Hệ thống đánh lửa
điện dung
TI = Transistorized Ignition: Đánh
lửa transistor
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
tickler
l TI-B = Breaker-Triggered Tran-
sistorized Ignition System: Hệ
thống đánh lửa bán dẫn có vít
điều khiển
tickler n. carburettor starting aid:
Mạch khởi động (chế hoà khí)
tick over v. to run at low speed with
the throttle control closed and
the transmission disengaged; to
idle: Chạy ở tốc độ thấp với cánh
bướm ga đóng và đạp ly hợp
l tick-over n. the speed of an
engine when it is ticking over: Tốc
độ động cơ khi giảm ga
tie rod n. generally, any connecting
rod or bar, usually under tension:
Rô-tuyn, thanh nối
l tie rod end = steering ball joint at
the outer end of a tie rod: Đầu rô-
tuyn
l tie rod puller or separator =
special automotive tool for forcing
out joints on tie rod ends by screw
action: Dụng cụ tháo rô-tuyn
l TIG welding = an inert are
welding method using a tungsten
electrode: Kỹ thuật hàn TIG dùng
điện cực Vonfram và khí trơ
l TI-H = Transistorized Ignition with
Hall Generator: Hệ thống đánh lửa
bán dẫn với cảm biến Hall
l TI-I = Transistorized Ignition
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
timing
with Inductive Pick-Up: Hệ thống
đánh lửa bán dẫn có cảm biến
điện từ
tilt column n. a steering column
that can be adjusted for height:
Trục lái chỉnh được chiều cao
l tilt / slide sunroof n. a sunroof,
made of steel or glass, that slides
and tilts and is operated either
manually or electrically: Cửa trời
có thể mở nghiêng hoặc trượt
l tilt steering wheel n. a steering
wheel that can be adjusted for
height: Vô lăng lái chỉnh được độ
cao
time delay relay n. a relay which
responds to a signal with a certain
delay: Rơ-le có mạch trễ
timed fuel injection n. = sequential
fuel injection: Phun xăng theo thứ
tự (phun từng kim)
timer core n. (magnetic pick-up
assembly) = trigger wheel: Rô-
to tín hiệu trong cảm biến điện từ
timing n. the setting of a mechanism
so that it acts at exactly the right
moment: Sự cân chỉnh (thời
điểm)
l to set the timing = to adjust the
firing of the sparking plus so that
it coincides with the piston: Điều
chỉnh thời điểm đánh lửa
397
timing belt
l timing belt n. plastic toothed
belt with steel cord or fibreglass
reinforcements, used to drive the
camshaft of a four-stroke engine.
It is also called camshaft belt or
cam belt: Dây curoa cam
l timing belt tensioner (pulley) =
spring-loaded jockey pulley or
idler pulley designed to take up
the slack in the timing belt: Puli
căng đai dẫn động trục cam
l timing chain n. a single or double
roller chain at the engine front
that transmits crankshaft power
to the camshaft; typically used
in OHC-engines. It is also called
camshaft chain or cam chain:
Dây xích truyền động trục cam
(sên cam)
l timing diagram n. a diagrammatic
representation of the engine
timing, i.e. the times during which
the inlet and exhaust valves are
open and closed: Biểu đồ phân
phối khí
l timing light n. stroboscopic light
used to set the ignition timing:
Đèn cân lửa
l timing mark n. (a) Ignition timing,
timing indicator or pointer on the
engine block and rotating mark
on the flywheel for basic ignition
timing: Dấu cân lửa
398
tip
valve timing, camshafts,
alignment or indexing mark on
a timing gear or camshaft pulley
which must be lined up with
another mark to give the correct
position: Dấu cân cam
l timing rotor n. rotating part of the
pick-up assembly, in the form of a
drum with ferrite rods embedded
vertically in the outer edge, used
instead of a trigger wheel: Rô-to
cảm biến điện từ loại nam châm
quay
l timing shaft n. = distributor shaft:
Trục delco
l timing window n. window through
which it is possible to see the
timing marks: Cửa sổ để xem dấu
đánh lửa (trên vỏ hộp số)
Timken roller bearing n. type of
taper roller bearing: Ổ bi đũa côn
Timken
tinted glass n. glass that has been
specially coloured to reduce glare
from the sun: Kính chống chói (đã
phủ màu)
tinted windows n. glass that has
been specially coloured to reduce
glare from the sun: Kính chống
chói (đã phủ màu)
tip n. the end of a sparking plug
insulator, nearest the electrode:
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
TML top coat

Phần sứ dưới điện cực giữa của a box or socket spanner. In US

bu-gi English, it is cross bar: Cần siết
TML = Tetramethyl Lead: Chì toothed belt n. positive-action
Tetramethyl reinforced rubber or plastic belt
in which parallel teeth engage
l toe-in n. slight inward inclination of
with grooves in a driving and a
the leading edge of the front wheels
driven wheel; commonly used
to improve steering and equalize
for the valve timimg gear as an
tyre wear: Độ chụm giữa hai bánh
alternative: Dây đai răng
xe trước (nhìn từ trên xuống)
top n. (1) a car roof, especially that
l toe-in angle = angle formed by
of a convertible: Mui xe
each front wheel plane and the
longitudinal axis of the car, usually (2) it is shorted for top gear: Số
expressed as the difference in cao nhất
distance between right and left
top coat n. final paint coat: Lớp
wheel rims at front and rear,
sơn cuối
measured at hub level: Góc chụm
l top coat drier or oven = oven for
l toe-out n. slight outward inclination
drying or stoving the final paint
of the leading edge of the front
coat: Lò sấy lớp sơn cuối
wheels: Độ doãn giữa hai bánh xe
trước (nhìn từ trên xuống) l top dead centre n. the position
when the piston has reached the
tolerance n. difference beween the
upper limit of its travel in the cylinder
permissible maximum size and
and the centre line of the connecting
the permissible minimum size of
rod is parallel to the cylinder walls
a measure quantity: Độ dung sai
(TDC): Điểm chết trên
toll n. money charged for the use of a
l before top dead centre = the period
road or bridge: Lệ phí cầu, đường
before a piston reaches TDC; the
l toll sticker = sticker displayed time when ignition occurs (BTDC):
on the windscreen denoting Trước điểm chết trên
payment of a toll: Nhãn ghi lệ phí
l after top dead centre = the
cầu đường (trên kính xe)
period after a piston has reached
tommy bar n. short bar used as a lever TDC and begins to descend;
to provide torque for tightening maximum thrust is developed

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 399

top electrode
between 10oC and 15oC ATDC.
It is opposite to bottom dead
centre the corresponding point (to
TDC) in a horizontally opposed
or ‘flat’ engine is that closest to
the combustion chamber, also
called inner dead centre: Sau
điểm chết trên
l top electrode n. (sparking
plug) earth electrode protruding
above centre electrode, either
full coverage type or set back
slightly from the far edge of the
centre electrode: Điện cực bìa
của bu-gi
l top end n. the upper range of
engine revolutions: Vùng tốc độ
cao của động cơ
l top end gasket set/ kit n. set
which includes all the seals,
O-ring and gaskets required for
the assembly of the cylinder and
cylinder head: Bộ roong, phớt để
lắp nắp máy
l top gear n. highest available
gear: Số cao nhất
l top land n. = head land: Đỉnh
pít-tông
l top-of-the-range model n.
the most powerful and
expensive model in a particular
manufacture’s range: Kiểu xe cao
cấp nhất trong một dòng xe
400
torque
l top speed n. the maximum
speed of a vehicle: Tốc độ tối đa
của xe
l top tints n. tinted stripe at the
upper edge of the windscreen:
Sọc màu ở phía trên kính chắn
gió
l top up (with) v. to raise the level
of a liquid in a container to the
required level: Đổ đầy
l top up with distilled water = add
distilled water to the battery so
that the plates are covered: Châm
đầy nước cất vào bình ắc quy
torpedo body n. early type of
touring car with a streamlined
torpedo-like body: Thân xe có
hình dáng giống quả ngư lôi
torque 1 n. mechanical force that
causes rotation: Mô-men quay,
mô men xoắn, lực xoắn
2 v. (informal) to tighten with a
torque spanner: Siết chặt với cần
siết lực
l torque arm n. T-shaped extrusion
of the rear axle casing to take up
forward thrust of the driven axle:
Phần vỏ chữ T của cầu sau
l torque converter n. type of
coupling device used with most
automatic gearboxes, consisting
of rotating and static vance
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
torque converter drive plate torsional vibration damper

assembly, by which torque can a device for measure the amount

be transmitted to a fluid held in of torque applied on a nut or bolt;
a sealed container, which in turn used for threaded fasteners with a
drives a rotor (TC): Bộ biến mô critical tightening torque, such as
cylinder head bolts, alloy wheel
l torque converter drive plate = drive
lugs, suspension links, etc.: Cần
plate: Đĩa dẫn động bộ biến mô
siết lực
l torque converter housing = bell
l torque split n. distributing torque
housing: Vỏ bộ biến mô
between front and rear axles in a
l torque converter (lock-up) clutch 4WD vehicle: Sự phân phối mô-
= automatically engaged clutch men giữa hai cầu
in a lock-up torque converter;
torque wrench n. = torque spanner :
prevents slipping losses: Ly hợp
Cần siết lực
khóa biến mô
Torsen differential n. ‘torque-
l torque curve n. graph which
sensing‘ differential system
shows engine torque as a function
incorporating a worm and roller
of engine speed: Đường đặc tính
mechanism: Bộ vi sai Torsen (cơ
moment theo số vòng quay (đặc
cấu kết hợp bánh vít – trục vít)
tính tốc độ)
l Torsen four-wheel drive =
l torque limiter n. tool used in
permanently engaged four-wheel
conjunction with a plug spanner
drive incorporating a Torsen
which allows the controlled
differential: Dẫn động hai cầu với
tightening of sparking plugs by
bộ vi sai Torsen
releasing automatically once a
preset torque setting is reached: torsion n. Sự xoắn
Cơ cấu hạn chế mô-men xoắn
torsional stiffness n. resistance
trong đầu vặn bu-gi
against torsional loads, specified
l torque screwdriver n. in newton-meter per angular
screwdriver with a device that degree of body twisting: Độ chịu
measures the amount of torque xoắn
being applied: Cái tuốc nơ vit có
torsional vibration damper n.
bộ phận đo lực siết
Generally, any device that
l torque spanner n. spanner with reduces torional vibrations.

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 401

total hydrocarbons
Specifically, the small flywheel on
the front end of a crankshaft: Bộ
giảm dao động xoắn
l torsion bar n. metal bar attached
at one end to the body and at the
other to the axle, which acts as
a torsional spring when twisted by
the movement of the car: Thanh
xoắn (nối từ cuối thân xe đến cầu)
total hydrocarbons n. measurement
of all hydrocarbons emitted by
the exhaust system (THC): Đo
tổng số lượng hydrocacbon được
thải ra bởi động cơ
l total-loss lubrication n. the
components of the conventional
two-stroke engine with crankcase
scavenging are lubricated by
the oil added to the fuel; since
the oil is burnt along with the
fuel, fresh oil is constantly fed to
the lubrication points inside the
engine: Sự bôi trơn bằng cách
pha nhớt vào nhiên liệu
l touch up v. to repair minimal
blemishes in the paintwork, e.g.
those caused by stone chippings
or scratches: Sơn lại chỗ trầy nhỏ
trên thân xe (do đá văng)
toughened windscreen n.
windcreen made of toughened
glass which, on impact, will not
shatter like ordinary glass but
402
tow
fractures into small pieces and
crazes over; laminated glass is
nowadays the preferred material:
Kính cứng nhiều lớp
touring car or tourer n. an early
type of convertible, often with a
folding top, seating five or more
passengers: Xe mui trần năm chỗ
tow v. (1) to pull a trailer or caravan
behide a vehicle by means of a
towing hitch: Kéo rơ moóc bằng
móc kéo
(2) to pull a disabled vehicle behind
another vehicle by means of a
rope, cable or rigid bar: Kéo xe
khác theo bằng dây cáp hoặc
thanh cứng
l towable a. (1) capable of being
towed: Có thể được kéo
(2) description of a car after an
accident: Xe bị đụng
l tow away v. to remove
unauthorized (e.g. illegally
parked) vehicle, thus incurring a
hefty fine for the owners: Kéo xe
đi bởi cảnh sát do phạm luật
l towball or towing ball n. metal
ball on a towing bracket onto
which a trailer or caravan is
coupled. In US English, it is hitch
ball: Móc kéo xe
l tow bar n. (a) crossbar of a
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
tower jack traction

towing bracket onto which the Cảm biến vị trí cánh bướm ga
towball is mounted: Đòn gắn
track n. In vehicle geometry, distance
móc kéo
between the centres of the
(b) rigid bar used for towing disabled
contact patches of two wheels on a
vehicle short distances: Thanh
common axle. In US English, it is
cứng kéo xe
tread: Bề rộng cơ sở của xe
(c) = drawbar: Đòn kéo
l track bar n. = panhard rod:
tower jack n. tower with a solid foot Thanh xoắn panhard
and an arm at right angles which
l tracking n. (a) correct alignment
fits into a slot in the side of a car
of the wheels; adjusted by means
and is would up the tower to raise
of the track rods: Chỉnh độ chụm
the vehicle: Cái kích, con đội
bánh xe
dạng tháp
l tracking mark n. telltale sign on
towing bracket n. structure attached
the distributor cover or ignition
to the rear of a car to enable a
cables indicating a leakage of
trailer or caravan to be towed;
current: Vết rò điện cao áp
consists of one or two brackets,
a towbar and towball: Móc để kéo l track rod n. one of the transverse
(trước xe) bars connecting the steering
system to the steering arms; the
l towing eye or towing lug n. steel
link between the drop arm and
ring fitted to the chassis of a car to
the steering-knuckle arm. It is
which a towrope can be attached:
also called tie rod: Rô-tuyn
Lỗ móc xích để kéo
traction n. (a) pulling force: Lực kéo
l towrope n. rope, or textile or
plastic covered cable,ususally no (b) adhesive friction between the
longer than 5 metres, used for tyre and the road surface;
towing another vehicle: Dây kéo xe gripping power: Khả năng bám
của bánh xe
Toyota n. the largest car manufacturer
in Japan and the third largest one l traction avant (in French) = front
in the world (after GM and Ford): wheel drive: Bánh trước chủ động
Hãng xe Toyota l traction control system n. = anti-
TPS = Throttle Position Sensor: spin regulation: Hệ thống điều

Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô 403

 traffic
khiển lực kéo chống trượt (chống
quay xe)
l traction differential n. = limited-
spin differential: Bộ vi sai có khóa
chống quay
l tractive conversion n. = stall
torque ratio
traffic n. vehicles travelling along a
road or street: Xe cộ trên đường
l trafficator n. = semaphore
indicator
l traffic circle n. US = roundabout:
Vòng xoay
l traffic island n. raised area in
the middle of a road designed
to separate two flows of traffic
and to provide a safe temporary
stopping place for pedestrians
crossing the road: Con lươn dành
cho người đi bộ đứng tránh xe
l traffic jam n. a number of vehicles
stopped behind one another on a
road: Sự ùn tắc giao thông, kẹt xe
l traffic light n. red, amber, and
green lights on a traffic signal
placed at junctions to regulate the
flow of traffic: Đèn tín hiệu giao
thông
trail n. = castor
trailer n. (a) a, usually two-wheeled,
vehicle designed to be towed
behind a car: Xe móc
404
transfer (gear) box
(b) the goods-containing part of an
articulated lorry that is drawn by
the cab: Toa móc
(c) US caravan: Xe-nhà lưu động
trailling arm or link n. rear
suspension link which supports
the wheel behide the pivot point:
Đòn kéo hệ thống treo sau
tram(car) n. electrically driven public
transport vehicle which runs on
rails laid in the surface of the road
and which is usually powered by
an overhead cable: Xe chở khách
công cộng chạy bằng điện (xe
điện)
(NOTE: US English = streetcar)
l tramline or tramway n. the rails
along which a tram runs: Đường
ray xe điện
tranny n. US (informal) =
TRANSMISSION: Hộp số
transaxle n. combination of
transmission and differential
typical of FWD cars with
transverse engines: Cụm hộp số
và cầu cho động cơ nằm ngang
l transaxle housing = usually
an aluminium casting for the
transaxle: Vỏ hộp số và cầu
transfer (gear) box or transfer case
n. gearbox that transfers an
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
Transistorized coil ignition system
input drive between two shafts,
e.g. between front and rear axle
in four-wheel drive vehicles:
Hộp số phụ
l transfer plate n. adapter plate
in the control valve assembly of
automatic transmissions, used
to direct the fluid flow between
adjacent valve bodies: Tấm
chuyển dòng chảy (hộp số tự
động)
l transfer port n. port in the
cylinder of a two-stroke engine
through which the compressed
combustible air/fuel mixture
enters the combustion chamber
from the crankcase: Cửa nạp
(động cơ hai kỳ)
Transistorized coil ignition system n.
= transistorized ignition system
(TCI): Đánh lửa bán dẫn dùng
transistor
l transistorized coil ignition with
Hall sensor = transistorized
ignition with hall generator
(TCI-H): Đánh lửa bán dẫn có
cảm biến Hall
l transistorized ignition system =
ignition system using a transistor
as a power switch; available as
breaker-triggered TI with contact
breaker or as breakerless TI
with magnetic pick-up or Hall
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
transmission
generator (TI): Hệ thống đánh lửa
bán dẫn
l transistorized ignition system
with inductive pulse generator
= transistorized ignition with
inductive pick-up: Hệ thống đánh
lửa bán dẫn với cảm biến điện từ
l transistorized ignition with Hall
generator = TI-H, there are two
types of TI-H; in one version,
the dwell angle is determined by
the width of the rotor vanes in
the distributor; the other version
contains a circuit for automatic
dwell angle control incorporated
in the electronic control unit: Hệ
thống đánh lửa bán dẫn có cảm
biến Hall
l transistorized ignition with
inductive or magnetic pick-up
(TI-I) = transistorized ignition
system with a magnetic pick-up in
the distributor and an electronic
control unit for signal processing,
with curent and dwell angle
control: Hệ thống đánh lửa bán
dẫn có cảm biến điện từ
transmission n. (a) the transference
of motive force or power: Sự
truyền động hoặc công suất
(b) the drive train system from clutch
to final drive (c) US = gearbox: Bộ
truyền lực, hộp số
405
transmission controlled spark
l transmission controlled spark n.
system to reduce the emission
of nitrous oxides by which a
vacuum solenoid and a switch in
the transmission system prevents
the distributor’s vacuum advance
mechanism from operating in the
lower gears and at low speed
(TCS): Điều khiển lửa để giảm
hàm lượng NOx qua cơ cấu đánh
lửa sớm chân không tác động
nhờ công tắc ở hộp số
l transmission control module
(TCM) n. electronic automatic
transmission control unit which
computes the vehicle’s operating
conditions and generates
corresponding signal pulses
for the solenoid valve of the
hydraulic control system; may
also exchange data with other
electronic control units: Hộp điện
tử điều khiển hộp số tự động
l transmission control system n.
hydraulic or electro-hydraulic
system which controls the
changes of ratio in automatic
transmissions corresponding
to engine load, vehicle speed,
positions of the selector lever,
and shift mode button: Hệ thống
điều khiển hộp số
l transmission cover n. a two or three decks): Loại xe to
removable part of the floorpan
406
transporter
usually located at the front end
of the centre tunnel in cars with
a longitudinally mounted engine;
provides better access to the top
of the gearbox for maintenance
and adjustment purposes: Vỏ
hộp số (cho động cơ nằm dọc)
l transmission extension (housing)
n. rear-wheel drive transmission
housing enclosing an extended
main shaft, sometimes
accommodating the gear lever
and associated mechanism: Vỏ
cầu sau
l transmission governor n. =
governor: Bộ điều tốc
l transmission housing n. housing
containing the gearbox and
final drive on front-wheel drive
cars with transverse engines in
which housing and clutch are at
opposite ends of the engine: Vỏ
hộp số (cho động cơ nằm ngang)
transmitter n. (e.g. of radio
remote control system) device
that transmits electrical or radio
signals. It is opposite to receiver:
Bộ phát tín hiệu vô tuyến (điều
khiển từ xa)
transporter n. large articulated lorry
for transporting several cars (on
dùng để chở ô tô
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
transverse engine
transverse engine n. the typical
engine arrangement on FWD
subcompact cars with the
engine mounted across the car,
which reduces the length of the
engine compartment, resulting
in more space for the passenger
compartment; introduced in 1959
by the British design engineer Sir
Alec Issigonis on the BMC Mini.
It is also called east-west layout.
The opposite is longitudinal
engine: Động cơ nằm ngang
l transverse (flow) scavenging n.
= cross scavenging: Sự quét khí
thẳng
l transverse leaf spring n. usually a
semi-elliptic leaf spring mounted
across the car for either front
or rear suspension, with radius
arms being necessary to locate
the axle: Lá nhíp nằm ngang
l transverse rod n. = panhard rod:
Thanh xoắn panhard
trap n. a filter or separator: Cái lọc
l trap oxidizer = in diesel particulate
filters, a means of burning the
particulate charge trapped in
the filter element, to prevent
the filter from clogging and to
restore filtration capacity; usually
a catalyst coating that promotes
oxidation of carbon particulates
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
tread
to harmless carbon dioxide: Bộ
phận đốt tiếp muội than
l trapping efficiency n. (of two-
stroke engines) the mass of fresh
charge in a cylinder actually
retained, divided by the mass of
fresh charge supplied per cycle:
Hiệu suất nạp (hai kỳ)
travel n. the distance moved by a
mechanical part when performing
an operation; e.g. the stroke of a
piston: Hành trình
TR-Denloc rim/ wheel = TD rim /
wheel: Niềng/ bánh xe TR-Denloc
tread n. (a) the part of the tyre
that makes contact with the road;
it is the thickest part of the tyre
and is cut with grooves to provide
traction for driving and stopping:
Mặt gai vỏ xe
l tread depth n. the depth of the
grooves in a tyre tread; 1.6 mm
across three-quarters of the tyre
which is a legal requirement:
Chiều sâu gai vỏ xe
l tread depth gauge = simple
compact device for measuring
the depth of tread, consisting of a
spring-loaded plunger calibrated
in millimetres: Dụng cụ đo chiều
sâu gai vỏ xe
l tread groove n. one of several
407
triangular earth electrode
channels cut in the tread that
disperses water when the road is
wet: Đường rãnh ta-lông vỏ xe
l tread profile n. the shape of the
tread as seen in cross section:
Dạng ta-lông lốp xe được nhìn
theo mặt cắt ngang
triangular earth electrode n. earth
electrode having three bridges
attached to its end points, which
from a link to the treaded shell:
Điện cực ba chấu (bu-gi)
l triangular safety reflector n. =
warning triangle: Biển báo nguy
hiểm hình tam giác
tricar n. old name for a three-wheeler:
Xe ô tô, mô tô ba bánh
trichlorethene or trichlorethylene
(C2HCl3) n. cleaning solvent: Loại
dung môi để làm sạch
trickle charge n. continuous charging
of a storage battery at a low
rate to keep it in a fully charged
condition for a period when no
current is drawn from it: Nạp ắc
quy từ từ
l trickle charger = small, mains-
operated battery charger, typically
delivering less than five amperes:
Bộ nạp điện loại nhỏ
trigger box n. = ignition control unit:
Bộ điều khiển (IC) đánh lửa
408
trip computer
l triggering device or unit
electronic control unit that triggers
the air bag in a crash, containing
a deceleration sensor, a Hamlin
switch and a check circuit: Thiết
bị làm bung túi khí
l trigger wheel n. (a) rotor of a
magnetic pick-up integrated into
the distributor, with as many teeth
as the engine has cylinders: Rô-
to cảm biến điện từ
(b) Hall generator, rotor with an outer
ring interrupted by one or several
Hall windows, depending on its
purpose: Rô-to cảm biến Hall
trim n. (a) a car’s interior decoration,
including the upholstery, roof and
door linings (b) a car’s exterior
decoration, including wheel trims,
rubbing strips, bezels. It is also
called soft trim: Sự trang trí xe
l trim panel n. decorative interior
panel: Tấm trang trí
l trim panel release tool = fork-like
tool used to pry out fasteners on
interior panels without breaking
them or damaging the car: Dụng
cụ tháo tấm trang trí
trip computer n. computer with a
multi-function display; supplies
the drive with trip information
such as range, ETA, distance to
destination, time, fuel economy,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
triplex chain
fuel consumption, average
speed, accumulated trip miles,
elapsed time since last reset:
Máy tính hành trình
triplex chain n. a chain with three
rows of rollers: Xích có ba dãy
con lăn
trip meter or trip mileage counter n.
= trip recorder = trip odometer:
Đồng hồ đo quãng đường một
cuộc hành trình
l trip recorder n. incorporated in
the speedometer, the trip recorder
indicates the mileage (in miles or
km) covered during a particular
journey (trip), either mechanically
or electronically; trip figures can be
reset to zero by turning or pushing
a reset button: Đồng hồ đo quãng
đường một cuộc hành trình
trolleybus n. electrically powered
public transport bus that takes its
power
from overhead wires: Ô tô điện
(bánh hơi)
l trolley jack n. hydraulic jack with
swivel wheels: Con đội thuỷ lực
có bánh xe, đội cá sấu
troy weight n. system of
measurement of weight used for
gold and other metals, such as
silver and platinum: Hệ thống đo
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
tube
trọng lượng của Anh dùng để cân
vàng, bạc
l troy ounce = measurement of
weight (= 31.10 grammes). In
writing, it is often shortened
to troy oz, after figures: 25.2 troy oz:
Đơn vị đo trọng lượng của vàng
TR rim n. safety rim developed
by Michelin with a flattened rim
flange and run-flat potential:
Niềng xe an toàn TR
truck n. a large lorry: Xe tải nặng
true n. & adv. accurately made or
correctly adjusted: Sự lắp đúng
chỗ (n.), chỉnh đúng (adv.)
l the wheel runs true = the wheel
rolls straight without any wobble
or deviation from side to side. It
is opposite to out of true: Bánh xe
chạy không đảo
l true up v. = dress: Bào mặt, mài
giũa
trunk n. in US English, it is boot :
Thùng để hành lý đằng sau xe
tube n. (a) long hollow cylinder for
carrying liquids or gas: Ống dẫn
(b) = inner tube: Ruột xe
l tube bender = tool for bending
tubing without collapsing it, e.g.
pipe bending pliers: Dụng cụ
uốn ống
409
tube cutter tungsten

l tube cutter = tool with cutting l tubular nut driver or spinner =

wheels for cutting off tubing nut driver with handle and tubular
evenly at right angles: Dụng cụ shank for driving hexagon nuts
cắt ống and bolts: Ống tuýp
l tubed a. (of a tyre) having an tuner n. that component / circuit
inner tube: Có ruột xe (lốp xe) of a radio which tunes to the
frequencies of radio stations;
l tubeless a. (of a tyre) having no
(tuner + amplifier = receiver): Bộ
inner tube: Không có ruột xe (lốp xe)
dò đài (radio)
l tubeless tyre = tyre with no
tune (up) v. to adjust an engine
inner tube, whose air pressure
to obtain optimum performance;
is maintained by an air-tight seal
e.g. adjustment of the ignition
between the outer casing of the
timing, valve clearances and the
tyre and the wheel rim: Lốp (vỏ)
carburettor’s idling circuit, and
xe không có ruột
servicing of the distributor and
l tubing reamer n. tool used sparking plugs: Cân chỉnh động cơ
to remove burrs on tubes, e.g.
l tuned header n. = high-
after a tube cutter is used when
performance header
servicing the brake line system:
Cái lã ống l tune-up n. adjustments made
to an engine to improve its
l tubular a. in the shape of a tube;
performance: Sự cân chỉnh
cylindrical: Có hình ống
động cơ
l tubular backbone frame = a
l tune-up decal or label = vehicle
backbone chassis with a tubular
emission control information:
central spine: Khung sườn chính
Nhãn chứng nhận đã kiểm tra khí
bằng ống
thải
l tubular frame = frame construction
tungsten n. hard, malleable,
that features members of tubular
greyish-white element used in
cross section; often used for
lamp filaments, electrical contact
racing cars, as this layout allows
points and, alloyed with steel, in
for weight-saving design with the
high-speed cutting tools: Vonfram
used of aluminium: Khung xe
bằng ống ráp lại l tungsten-halogen bulb = a quartz-

410 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

tuning
halogen bulb with a tungsten
filament: Bóng đèn vonfram-
halogen
tuning n. the adjustment of
carburettor, ignition timing, etc.
to improve performance: Sự cân
chỉnh động cơ
tunnel drier or tunnel furnace n.
heated tunnel through which
body shells are passed in painting
lines, e.g. to dry their phosphate
coating: Ống sấy sơn
turbine n. machine which produces
power by the action of water,
steam, gas, etc. turning a wheel
with blades: Tua-bin
l turbine housing or casing n. the
casing enclosing a turbine: Vỏ
tua-bin
turbine wheel n. (a) (of a turbocharger)
wheel driven by exhaust gases,
the turbine wheel spins at speed
up to 1.6 x 105 rpm and drivesthe
compressor which is located at
the opposite end of the turbine
shaft; wheel and shaft are usually
inseparable: Bánh công tác của
tua-bin tăng áp
(b) (of a torque converter) driven
member which transmits
multiplied engine torque to the
transmission in put shaft: Bánh
công tác của bộ biến mô
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
turbo diesel
turbocharged engine n. engine fitted
with a turbocharger: Động cơ có
tua-bin tăng áp
turbocharger or (informal) turbo
n. a centrifugal compressor or
supercharger driven by exhaust
gas energy: Tua-bin tăng áp
turbocharging n. a method of
extracting more power from an
engine of a given capacity by
means of a turbine unit driven
by exhaust gases and rotating at
very high speed: tăng áp bằng
tua-bin
turbo diesel (engine) n. a diesel
engine which is turbocharged:
Động cơ diesel có tua-bin tăng áp
l Turbocharged Direct Injection
(TDI) = directly injected turbo diesel
engine. It is opposite to swirt-
chamber diesel engine: Động cơ
diesel có tua-bin tăng áp phun
trực tiếp
l turbo gauge n. boost pressure
gauge of turbocharged engines:
Đồng hồ báo áp suất tua-bin tăng
áp
l turbo lag n. the time it takes a
turbocharger to respond after
the accelerator pedal has been
depressed: Thời gian đáp ứng
của tua-bin
411
turbulence
l turbo-supercharger n. = l TVV = Thermal Vacuum Valve :
turbocharger: Tua-bin tăng áp
turbulence n. = swirl: Sự xoáy lốc
turnbuckle n. metal sleeve with
opposite internal threads each
end for the threaded ends of two
rods or for ringbolts, forming a
coupling that can be turned to
tighten or loosen the rods or wires
attached to the ringbolts: Thanh
có thể hiệu chỉnh chiều dài qua
đai ốc
l turning circle n. the smallest
circle in which a vehicle can turn,
i.e. with the wheels on full lock:
Vòng tròn nhỏ nhất mà một chiếc
xe có thể quay đầu được
l turning radius = the radius of the
turning circle: Bán kính xe quay
vòng
l turn-in rate n. the way a car
steers into a bend; the roll-steer
effect: Độ quay
l turnpike n. US = toll road,
especially one that is an
expressway: Cổng ngăn thu lệ
phí đường
l turn signal indicator n. = direction
indicator: Đèn xi nhan, đèn báo rẽ
TVS = Thermal Vacuum Switch:
Công tắc nhiệt chân không
412
twin A-arm suspension
Van nhiệt chân không
TWC = Three-Way Catalyst: Bộ
xúc tác ba chất tác dụng.
tweak n. to tune an engine for peak
performance: Hiệu chỉnh động cơ
đạt công suất tối đa
twelve-cylinder engine n. an engine
with twelve cylinders, e.g. a V-12:
Động cơ 12 xi-lanh
twelve-valve (engine) n. three-
cylinder engine with four valves
per cylinder (e.g. Daihatsu), or
a six-cylinder engine with two
valves per cylinder, or a four-
cylinder engine with three valves
per cylinder, i.e. two inlet valves
and one exhaust valve: Động cơ
12 xú-páp (3 xi-lanh với 4 xú-páp
cho mỗi xi-lanh)
TWI = Thread Wear Indicators: Dụng
cụ đo độ mòn ren
twin A-arm suspension n. = double
wishbone suspension: Hệ thống
treo tay đòn chữ A đôi
l twin axle n. = tandem axle: Cầu
xe đôi
l twin barrel or twin choke
carburettor n. carburettor with
two identical barrels to feed two
banks of cylinders: Bộ chế hòa
khí có hai bướm gió
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
twin cam (shaft) engine
l twin cam (shaft) engine n. =
double overhead cam-shaft
engine: Động cơ có hai trục cam
trên nắp máy
l twin carburettors n. two
carburettors on an engine,
mechanically coupled and
balanced (TC): Bộ chế hòa khí đôi
l twin diaphragm pump n. diaphragm
pump with two diaphragms; if
one fails the other takes over its
function: Bơm màng đôi
l twin exhaust system n. exhaust
system with two tailpipes; either
a complete exhaust system, as
on performance cars and cars
with V-engines, or simply two
tailpipes emanating from the rear
silencer. In US English, it is dual
exhaust system: Hệ thống xả có
hai ống pô
l twin front pipe or twin header or
headpipe n. = Y-pipe: Đầu ống
pô dạng chữ Y
l twin headlamp n. headlamp
arrangement containing two
headlights; the outer lights
provide the main and dipped
beams, the inner lights are for
main beam only: Đèn đầu có hai
bóng
l twin ignition system n. distributor
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
twin swirl combustion chamber
with two sets of contact points,
each of which operates with its
own coil in a separate primary
circuit; the contact points open
alternately, each set firing haft of
the cylinders: Hệ thống đánh lửa
kép (hai vít lửa)
l twin overhead camshaft n. =
double overhead cam- shaft: Động
cơ có hai trục cam trên nắp máy
l twin-piston engine n. now
obsolete two-stroke engine
design featuring two cylinder
barrels plus two pistons per
cylinder; the pistons are linked to
the crankshaft via a forked con
rod or a master/ slave con rod
assembly: Động cơ hai piston
l twin-planets n. two planet gears
in mesh; one meshes with the
sun gear and the other with the
internal gear: Bộ bánh răng hành
tinh
l twin-plate clutch n. clutch with
two driven plates separated by
an intermediate drive plate; gives
higher torque capacity: Ly hợp
hai đĩa
l twin plug or twin spark ignition n.
= twin ignition system: Hệ thống
đánh lửa trực tiếp bôbin đôi
l twin swirl combustion chamber
413
twist-beam rear axle
n. special design of a four-stroke
engine, in which the intake valves
are arranged in such a way
as to ensure that the gas flow
ends in two separate swirl; this
design improves swirl and thus
enhances combustion of the fuel /
air mixture within cylinder: Buồng
cháy với hai đường xoáy lốc
l twin-tube damper n. = double-
tube shock absorber: Bộ giảm
chấn hai ống
l twin wheel n. (a) a double-
rimmed wheel with two
independently inflated tyres; has
good aquaplaning and run-flat
properties: Bánh xe hai niềng
(b) with two wheel fitted to one hub
(as in HGVs): Bánh xe đôi
twist-beam rear axle n. = semi-
independent suspension: Hệ
thống treo bán độc lập
l twist drill n. drill bit having two
helical grooves running from
the point along the shank: Lưỡi
khoan
l two-cycle engine n. = two-
stroke engine: Động cơ hai kỳ
l two-door n. having one door on
each side; a body design typical
of all two-seater sports cars (such
as roadster, spiders) and many
414
two-stroke cycle
subcompact cars: Xe hai cửa
l two-pack paint = paint prepared
by mixing two constituents, such
as pigment and an acrylic resin:
Loại sơn được pha trộn từ hai
thành phần khác nhau (ví dụ chất
màu và nhựa acylic)
l two-piece (forged) alloy wheel
n. wheel which consists of the
rim and the wheel disc or spider
bolted together. ‘Forged‘ is
optional, since multi-piece alloy
wheels are always forged and not
cast: Mâm hợp kim loại hai nửa
tách rời
l two-speed a. having two-speed
settings (e.g. fan, windscreen
wiper): Hai tốc độ
l two-speed gearbox = dual-range
gearbox: Hộp số hai tốc độ
l two-stage carburettor n. =
compound carburettor: Bộ chế
hòa khí kép
l two-stage pump = generally
a centrifugal pump with two
impellers and diffusers arranged
in series: Bơm hai tầng
two-stroke cycle n. operating principle
of an internal combustion engine
characterized by the fact that the
inlet, compression, combustion
and exhaust phases overlap
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
two-tone horn
and require only two cycles;
used mainly by small motocycle
engines: Chu trình động cơ hai kỳ
l two-stroke engine = an engine
operating on the two-stroke cycle:
Động cơ hai kỳ
two-tone horn n. two horns whose
diaphragms cause a column of
air to resonate at two different
frequencies: Còi hai giọng
l two-tone paint = paint colour of
two different shades: Lớp sơn có
hai tông màu
l two-valve engine n. engine with
two-valves per cylinder: Động cơ
có hai xú-páp cho mỗi xi-lanh
l two-valve head = cylinder head
with two valves per cylinder:
Nắp xi- lanh có hai xú-páp cho
mỗi xi-lanh
l two-way catalyst n. = oxidizing
catalyst: Chất xúc tác hai tác dụng
l two-way (catalytic) converter =
oxidizing converter: Bộ xúc tác
hai tác dụng
l two-way system n. turbo-charging
system in which, as long as the
charging pressure is insufficient,
the air is drawn in from a
prechamber via a diaphragm
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
tyre
valve; with rising charging
pressure, the valve closes and
the turbocharger delivers air via
the surge tank connected to a
pressure regulator: Hệ thống tua-
bin tăng áp có hai đường dẫn
l two-wheel drive n. the normal
drive for a vehicle in which two
of the four wheels (either front
or rear) are driven: Hai bánh chủ
động
l two-wheel driven = of a vehicle
with two-wheel drive; also written
‘4 x 2‘: Hai bánh bị động
type approval certificate n. certificate
issued by the Department
of Transport denoting that a
particular vehicle type meets
official requirements: Giấy chứng
nhận xe đủ tiêu chuẩn
l type designation or symbol
n. sparking plug designation
indicating seat and thread
type, version, heat range code
number, reach, spark position,
and electrode material: Ký hiệu
loại bu-gi
tyre n. the casing-and-thread
assembly that is mounted on a
wheel to provide preumatically
cushioned contact and traction
with the road: Vỏ, lốp xe
415
tyre bead
l tyre bead n. the part of a tyre
which is shaped to fit the rim
and rests on the rim bead seat;
made of steel wires, wrapped and
reinforced by the plies of the tyre:
Gân mép vỏ xe
l tyre body n. = carcass = Thân
lốp xe
l tyre chains n. = snow chains =
Bố lốp xe
l tyre contact area/zone n. =
contact patch = Mặt tiếp xúc lốp xe
l tyre gauge n. = tyre pressure
gauge = Đồng hồ đo áp suất lốp xe
l tyre iron n. = tyre lever, the term
tyre iron is occasionally used to
denote a wheelbrace with a flat
end and a socket end = Thép
trong lốp xe
l tyre kicker n. in car sales jargon,
a person who is just looking, not
buying: Người chỉ đi xem mà
không mua xe
l tyre lever n. special automotive
tool used to remove and install
tyres by level action or to prize
off parts. In US English, it is iron:
Cần nạy vỏ xe
tyre pressure n. manufacture’s
recommended pressure for a
tyre, dependent on load, speed,
416
tyre valve
etc. usually given in bar, or pound-
force per square inch (psi): Áp
suất lốp xe
l tyre pressure gauge = instrument
for measuring air pressure in a
tyre: Dụng cụ đo áp suất lốp xe
tyre rotation n. = wheel rotation: Sự
thay đổi vỏ xe (giữa các bánh
trước và sau)
l tyre size (designation) n.
specified on the tyre sidewall;
e.g. P 205/60 R 15, where: P =
Passenger car; 205 = tyre width
in millimetres; 60 = tyre section
height to width ratio; R = radial
ply; 15 = nominal run diameter in
inches: Thông số kích thước vỏ
lốp xe
l tyre slip angle n. = SLIP ANGLE
l tyre squeal n. noise made by
the tyres when suffering sudden
acceleration or braking or when
cornering too fast: Tiếng rít của
vỏ xe
l tyre valve n. the function of the
tyre valve is to admit air under
pressure to the tyre chamber
formed between the casing and
the rim, and to release air for
pressure-adjustment purposes or
tyre removal; car tubeless tyres
use a snap-in valve: Van lốp xe
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
U-bolt
Uu
U-bolt n. metal bar in the shape of
a U, threaded at both ends and
often with a bridging piece to
close the circle; used to secure
leaf springs, exhaust pipes, ring
bolts, shackles, etc.: Bu-lông
hình chữ U (dùng kẹp nhíp, pô)
U-cylinder engine n. = twin-piston
ENGINE
UDC = Upper Dead Centre
UJ or U-joint = Universal Joint
ultrasonic welding n. a high-tech
welding procedure used for
metals (e. g. in wire bonding of
integrated circuits) and plastics:
Kỹ thuật hàn siêu âm (dùng để
dán dây trên vi mạch)
unburnt hydrocarbons n. pollutant
(basically petrol vapour) released
into the atmosphere as an
exhaust gas, due to incomplete
combustion: Hydrocacbon còn
sót (chưa cháy) trong khí thải
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
underbody
UNC thread n. Unified National
Coarse thread; one of the screw
threads used on British cars:
Đường ren thô theo tiêu chuẩn Anh
underbody n. the underside of a
car: Gầm xe
l underbody coating or underbody
protection = coating of the
underbody of a vehicle, usually
with organic coating materials
(plastic, wax, bitumen-based
products), to protect it from
mechanical damage and
corrosion: Lớp phủ chống va đập
và ăn mòn gầm xe
l underbody structure = the
structural members and flat
panels of the body-work on the
chassis level. It may also be
called sub-structure: Cấu trúc
khung gầm
l underbonnet area n. the engine
compartment: Vùng ca-pô chứa
động cơ xe
417
undercoat underside

l undercarriage n. = underbody l underpowered a. of a car whose

structure engine provides less power than
is necessary for acceptable
undercoat n. (a) any preliminary
performance; especially
coat of paint applied prior to the
noticeable when accelerating,
top coat (b) universal: Lớp sơn
overtaking or going uphill: Xe
lót trước lớp sơn ngoài
chạy không đủ công suất, lì máy
undercut n. recess either cut or
l underseal 1 n. rustproof coating
moulded into the underside of
with sound-deadening properties
an object so as to leave a lip or
applied to the underbody. In US
protuberance at the top: Vành
English, it is undercoat: Lớp sơn
l underfloor n. the underside of a lót gầm xe
car: Gầm xe
2 v. to apply underseal: Phủ lớp
l underfloor mid-engine = new sơn lót cho gầm xe
design, introduced on the Toyota
l under seat panel n. = seat well
Previa minivan, where the engine
is located below the passenger undershield n. body accessory
compartment, between front and panel made from tough, oil-
rear: Động cơ đặt giữa xe resistant plastic for fitting on
cars that do not have a standard
l underframe n. general term
wheel house panel: Tấm che
referring to the underbody
phía dưới gầm
backbone of a car, both for unitary
or chassis designs: Khung xe underside n. the lower side of the
underbody, i.e. the surfaces that
l underhead collar n. washer fitted
the road surface: Mặt bên dưới
under the head of a bolt or screw:
xe (gầm xe)
Vòng đệm dưới đầu bu-lông hoặc
đinh vít l underslung a. suspended below
a supporting member, e.g. of a
l underinflated tyre n. tyre which
chassis suspended below the
has too little air in it, causing
axles: Khung được treo thấp
increased wear at the tread edge.
hơn cầu
It is opposite to overinflated tyre:
Bánh xe non hơi (làm mòn gai l underslung frame = frame
nhanh) design of the pre-war era whose

418 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

unequal-length wishbone suspension
characteristic feature is that the
frame members run below the
axles: Khung xe dưới trục
l undersquare engine n. = long
stroke engine: Động cơ có hành
trình pít-tông dài
l understeer 1 v. (of a vehicle) to
turn less sharply than the driver
intends: Quay vòng thiếu
2 n. action of understeering. It is
opposite to oversteer: Sự quay
vòng thiếu
l undertray n. the bottom panel of
multi-layer or complex underbody
panel assemblies, which faces
the road surface: Sàn dưới xe
l undertread n. = breaker
unequal-length wishbone suspension
n. double wishbone suspension
system in which the upper
wishbone is shorter than the
lower one, with both converging
slightly at the wheel hub reduces
tyre wear due to variations in
track and camber angle when
cornering: Hệ thống treo hai đòn
có chiều dài không bằng nhau
unequal wishbones n. double
wishbone suspension system
in which the upper wishbone is
shorter than the lower one, with
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
unitary construction
both converging slightly at the
wheel hub; reduces tyre wear due
to variations in track and camber
angle when cornering: Hệ thống
treo hai đòn có chiều dài không
bằng nhau
UNF thread n. Unified National Fine
thread; one of the screw threads
used on British cars: Đường ren
mịn theo tiêu chuẩn Anh
unibody construction n. = unitary
construction: Cấu trúc khung
nguyên khối
unidirectional (flow) scavenging or
uniflow scavenging n. scavenging
process of two-stroke engines:
Hệ thống quét khí một chiều
(động cơ hai kỳ)
uniform corrosion n. corrosion
occurring over the entire
exposed surface. It is opposite
to localized corrosion: Sự ăn
mòn toàn bộ bề mặt
union nut n. nut used to secure
the connection between pipes or
rods: Đai ốc nối ống dẫn, thanh,
cần (Rắc-co)
unitary construction n. modern
chassis layout with no separate
frame, using the sheet metal parts
of the vehicle body or floorpan
as structural members which
also carry all suspension parts;
419
unit engine U section

introduced by Citroën in 1934, by weight of those parts of the car

GM/Opel Olympia in 1935. It is which are not carried by the
also called monocoque: Cấu trúc suspension system, but are
khung nguyên khối directly supported by the tyre and
wheel assembly and considered
unit engine n. a term used for
to move with it. It is opposite to
motorcycles where engine and
sprung mass/ weight: Khối lượng
gearbox are accommodated in
không được treo (khối lượng của
one common housing: Cụm động
các chi tiết nối với bánh xe)
cơ gồm động cơ và hộp số trên
xe gắn máy updraught carburettor n. carburettor
in which the air/ fuel mixture is
universal joint n. (a) a form of coupling
drawn in from below; a rather
between two rotating shafts
unusual type. It is opposite to
allowing freedom of movement in
downdraught carburettor: Bộ chế
all directions; general term for a
hòa khí đảo ngược (có miệng hút
family of universal joint designs
gió và các bộ phận phụ thuộc để
(UJ): Khớp nối các-đăng
luồng gió đi từ dưới lên trên và
(b) (tool) accessory which allows a chạy thẳng qua ống góp nạp)
socket to be turned through an
upper dead centre n. = top dead
angle: Dụng cụ có khớp nối vạn
centre (UDC): Điểm chết trên
năng
up-stroke n. the ascending stroke
l universally jointed shaft n. =
of a piston, from BDC to TDC:
cardan shaft: Trục các-đăng
Hành trình pít-tông đi lên
l universal sparking plug socket
urban driving n. driving in towns,
n. sparking plug socket with
in built-up areas. In US English,
universal joint for reaching hard-
it is metro driving: Chạy xe vùng
to-get-at sparking plugs: Tuýp
thành phố
mở bu-gi đa dụng
urban (test) cycle n. driving cycle
unleaded petrol n. petrol to which
that simulates driving in a town:
no lead has been added: Xăng
Chu kỳ kiểm tra xe chạy trong
không pha chì
thành phố
unloader valve n. = delivery valve
U section n. a sheet metal section
unsprung mass or weight n. the often used on underbody

420 Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô

 ute
structural members; it differs
from a box section in that the
fourth wall of the box is missing,
i.e. its cross section more or less
resembles the letter U: Tiết diện
dạng chữ U
ute: In Australian, which is utility truck:
Loại xe tải nhỏ, không mui, thành
thấp (cho các nhà xây dựng,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
UV absorber or stabilizer
nông dân dùng)
utility truck n. = pickup truck
UV absorber or stabilizer n. any
substance that absorbs ultraviolet
radiation, then dissipates the
energy in a harmless form;
used in plastics and rubbers to
decrease light sensitivity: Thiết bị
giảm tia cực tím
421
V vacuum control switch
Vv
V (a) V-engine: Động cơ chữ V
(b) (short for) valve: Van
(c) (short for) volt: Đơn vị đo hiệu
điện thế
(d) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed
for which it is designed (over 210
km/h or over 130 mph): Ký tự trên
lốp xe chỉ tốc độ tối đa 210 km/h
V-4, V-6, V-8, V-10, V-12 = V-four,
V-six, V-eight, V-ten, V-twelve
engine: Động cơ V-4, V-6, V-8,
V-10, V-12
vacuum n. in carburation terms,
pressure below the atmospheric
pressure: Chân không, áp suất
thấp
l vacuum advance (mechanism
or unit) n. vacuum control unit
for advancing the spark. It is
opposite to vacuum retard unit:
Sự đánh lửa sớm chân không
422
l vacuum brake booster n. device
directly connected to the master
cylinder and mounted on the
engine side of the bulkhead,
which uses engine manifold
vacuum to produce additional
braking force. It is also called
master vac or vacuum servo: Bộ
trợ lực phanh chân không
l vacuum capsule or chamber
n. (ignition timing) pneumatic
actuator that converts air pressure
differences into a regulating short-
stroke movement; the circular,
flat capsule has a spring-loaded
diaphragm with a lever attached:
Buồng (dù) áp thấp trong delco
l vacuum control n. load-
dependant mechanical ignition
timing, controlled by the inlet
manifold vacuum: Điều khiển thời
điểm đánh lửa bằng chân không
l vacuum control switch = switch
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
vacuum modulated EGR
that monitors the vacuum signal
enabling the ECU to recognize
open or closed throttle (idle)
operation: Công tắc báo chân
không (để ECU biết cánh bướm
ga đóng hay mở)
l vacuum control unit = assembly
for load-dependent ignition timing
controlled by the inlet manifold
vacuum, consisting of a vacuum
capsule with a spring-loaded
diaphragm linked to the breaker
plate: Bộ phận điều khiển đánh
lửa sớm chân không trong delco
l vacuum filter n. filter which
removes electrical noise from
the vacuum signal sent from the
vacuum sensor to the ECU: Bộ
lọc nhiễu tín hiệu từ cảm biến
chân không (MAP)
l vacuum gauge n. instrument for
measuring engine depression:
Dụng cụ đo áp thấp đường ống
nạp
l vacuum hose n. pipe which
connects the inlet manifold to the
vacuum brake booster: Ống chân
không (nối từ ống góp hút đến
bầu trợ lực phanh)
l vacuum ignition-timing control n.
= vacuum control: Điều khiển thời
điểm đánh lửa bằng chân không
vacuum modulated EGR n. exhaust
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
vacuum reducer valve
gas recirculation in which the
amount of exhaust gas admitted
to the inlet manifold depends on
a vacuum signal controlled by
throttle position: Hệ thống tuần
hoàn khí thải được điều chỉnh
bằng chân không
vacuum reducer valve n. valve used
to limit the amount of vacuum
governing the ignition advance
mechanism of the distributor; on
some ignition systems, a VRV
is used to reduce inlet manifold
vacuum when the coolant
temperature is above 104 oC,
in order to prevent detonation
(VRV): Van giảm áp thấp (để
không tăng góc đánh lửa sớm
khi nhiệt độ nước > 104oC nhằm
chống kích nổ)
l vacuum retard (unit) n. vacuum
control unit for retarding the
spark. It is opposite vacuum
advance unit: Bộ điều khiển đánh
lửa trễ bằng chân không
l vacuum sensor n. sensor which
detects changes in manifold
pressure; such changes indicate
the need for an adjustment in
A/F mixture and electronic spark
timing to maintain efficient engine
operation: Cảm biến chân không
(Còn gọi là MAP sensor)
423
valence
l vacuum servo n. = vacuum brake
booster: Bộ trợ lực phanh (thắng)
chân không
l vacuum solenoid n. on some
engines, a vacuum solenoid
controlled by an electrical sensor
switch is used to control the EGR
valve: Solenoid chân không
l vacuum suction cup n. hand tool
for pulling out shallow body dents
and for lifting flat, heavy objects
such as wind-screens or sheet
metal: Dụng cụ hút chân không
dạng hình chén để nâng kính
hoặc tấm kim loại
l vacuum timing control n. = l valve block n. = control valve
vacuum control
l vacuum unit n. = vacuum control
unit
valence n. : Hóa trị (hóa học)
valet parking n. the parking of one’s
car by a parking attendant: Sự đỗ
xe nhờ người phục vụ trong bãi
đỗ xe
l valet switch = on some alarm
systems, a switch to override the
alarm system for valet parking,
car washes, etc.: Công tắc cho
phép hệ thống báo động ngừng
tạm thời để đậu xe, rửa xe…
valve n. (a) any device that starts,
stops, regulates or controls the
424
valve body separator plate
flow of a fluid, gas, etc: Van
(b) (in cylinder head) valve which
opens the respective ports
during the induction and
exhaust strokes and seals the
compression chamber during
the compression and expansion
strokes: Xú-páp = tyre valve
l valve adjusting screw n. screw at
the end of a rocker which bears
on a pushrod; used to tilt the
rocker and thus adjust the valve
clearance: Ốc chỉnh xú-páp
l valve aperture n. = valve hole
assembly: Cụm van trong hệ
thống thuỷ lực
l valve body n. part of the valve
assembly containing plungers,
pistons, springs, etc.: Thân van
l valve body housing = housing
which incorporates the bores
in which the valve spools slide
and the canals which channel
the oil flow: Vỏ thân van (mạch
dầu hộp số)
l valve body separator plate = plate
sandwiched between two gaskets
which separates the upper and
lower parts of the valve body:
Tấm ngăn thân van
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
valve bounce
l valve bounce n. bouncing of a
valve on its seat due to the valve
spring resonating at very high
engine speeds: Sự nảy xú-páp ở
tốc độ động cơ cao
l valve bushing n. = valve guide:
Ống lót (kềm) xú-páp
l valve cap n. screw-on cap for a
tyre valve to prevent the entry
of dirt and dust: Nắp chụp van
lốp xe
l valve clearance n. the operating
clearance between the rocker
arm and the valve stem tip in an
overhead valve engine: Khe hở
nhiệt của xú-páp
l valve clearance depression =
recess in the piston crown: Chỗ
lõm trên đỉnh pít-tông
l valve cover n. rocker cover =
Giá đỡ xú-páp
l valve crown n. = valve head: Đầu
xú-páp
l valve cut-out n. on some four-
valve engines at low speed the
main rocker arms open only two
valves per combustion chamber
in order to keep the energy of
the gases at high level; with
increasing rpm, the energy of
the gases becomes sufficiently
strong for the remaining two
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
valve guide
valves to be opened via hydraulic
locking bolts: Hệ thống ngắt bớt
hai sú páp ở tốc độ thấp trong
động cơ có bốn xú-páp trên một
xi-lanh
l valve diameter n. inlet valves
can be distinguished by their
larger diameter: Đường kính đầu
xú-páp
l valve float n. = valve bounce
l valve gear n. mechanism that
operates the inlet and exhaust
valves; includes the cams,
pushrods, rocker arms, etc. but
not the valves themselves: Cơ
cấu đóng mở xú-páp
valve grinder or valve grinding
tool n. special automotive tool
consisting of a wooden haft
and rubber suction cup(s) for
hand grinding valves: Dụng cụ
mài xú-páp
l valve grinding compound = an
abrasive compound used for
refacing valve seats: Bột nhám
mài xú-páp và đế xú-páp (cát
xoáy)
valve guide n. replaceable tubular
sleeve through which the stem of
a valve passes; designed to keep
the valve in proper alignment and
to absorb the lateral forces on the
valve stems as well as dissipating
425
valve head
the heat of the valve stem to the
surrounding cylinder head: Ống
kềm xú-páp
l valve guide driver = tool for
installing valve guides: Dụng cụ
lắp ống kềm xú-páp
l valve guide remover = drift punch
for driving out valve guides: Dụng
cụ tháo ống kềm xú-páp
l valve guide seal = valve stem
seal: Phốt xú-páp
valve head n. the disc at the end of
the valve stem which performs
the sealing operation in a poppet
valve: Đầu xú-páp
valve hole n. the hole in the rim of
a wheel for mounting tubeless
tyres: Lỗ van trên vành bánh xe
valve keeper n. fastener for the valve
stem in the upper valve retainer,
e. g. a collet: Đai ốc giữ xú-páp
(móng ngựa)
l valve lapper n. special automotive
tool for grinding (lapping) valves
into valve seats; some types are
power-operated, thus allowing
faster grinding compared with
standard suction-type valve
grinding tools: Dụng cụ để quay
xú-páp khi xoáy
l valve lapping compound= valve
grinding compound
426
valve seat
l valve lash n. = valve clearance
l valve lift n. the distance a valve
is lifted from its seat by a cam,
usually about a quarter of the
diameter of the port: Khoảng đội
xú-páp
l valve lifter n. (a) any tool that
compresses valve springs for
removal and replacement: Dụng
cụ nén lò xo xú-páp
(b) tappet: Con đội xú-páp
valve overlap n. short period between
the opening of the inlet valve and
the closing of the exhaust valve,
when both valves are open: Góc
trùng điệp (cả hai xú-páp nạp và
thoát trong xi-lanh cùng mở)
valve plate n. = valve body separator
plate
l valve port n. the inlet or exhaust
port of a four-stroke spark ignition
engine: Cửa hút hoặc cửa thoát
trên nắp máy
l valve principle n. the original
method of ABS control using an
electrically operated valve to
control the air pressure: Phương
pháp điều khiển phanh ABS dùng
điện – khí nén
l valve rotator n. = rotor cap
valve seat n. that part of a valve,
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
valve shim
or the part of the cylinder head
against which it seats, which
contacts the matching part: Đế,
bệ xú-páp
l valve seat cutter = special
automotive tool with cutting
blades for use with power tools;
used to cut worn valve seats with
30° or 45° angles: Dụng cụ cắt bệ
sú páp
l valve seat face = annular part of
a valve head located at the valve
seat of the cylinder head: Mặt bệ
xú-páp
l valve seat insert or ring =
ringshaped insert of a harder
metal than that of the cylinder
head; the use of valve seat inserts
dispenses with the need for lead
in the fuel to act as a lubricant
between the valve head and seat:
Vòng ghép (dùng kim loại cứng
hơn) của đế xú-páp
valve shim n. calibrated shim used
to adjust valve clearance on
OHV engines with bucket tappet
assembly; for adjustment, a
calibrated valve shim is placed
or removed from between tappet
and cam: Miếng chêm để chỉnh
xú-páp
l valve shim pliers = special
automotive tool for removal and
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
valve spring compressor
installation of valve shims: Cái
kìm lắp miếng chêm sú páp
l valve slot n. tube-type tyres
require a valve slot instead
of a valve hole to allow the
tyre valve to be removed from
the rim; a thread adaptor is
moulded to a circular rubber
patch vulcanized to the inner
tube; the valve stem casing
is then screwed into the tube
adaptor: Rãnh van lốp xe
l valve spool n. (in automatic
transmission) sliding
cylindrical internal part of a
valve with one or more sections
of reduced diameter: Đầu van
dẫn hướng dầu
l valve spring n. a coil spring used
to close the valves and to keep
the exhaust valve closed during
the induction stroke, thus acting
against the vacuum created in
the cylinder: Lò xo xú-páp
l valve spring cap or collar =
retaining cap (of inlet /outlet
valves) which secures the valve
keeper on the valve stem: Miếng
giữ lò xo xú-páp
l valve spring compressor = special
automotive tool used to compress
valve springs for removal and
replacement; the most common
427
valve spring depressor
type is a C-shaped clamp: Dụng
cụ ép lò xo xú-páp
l valve spring depressor = lever-
type tool used to depress valve
springs, e.g. for removal and
installation of valve stem seals:
Dụng cụ nhả lò xo xú-páp
l valve spring lifter = pliers-type tool
with two expanding jaws, used to
lift and compress valve springs
for removal and replacement:
Kìm tháo lắp lò xo sú páp
l valve spring retainer = valve
spring cap
l valve spring seat = seat retaining
the bottom of the valve spring: Đế
giữ lò xo xú-páp
(opposite to the valve spring cap)
l valve stem n. narrow cylindrical
rod which supports the valve
head and moves up and down in
the valve guide: Thân xú-páp
l valve stem seal = oil seal between
the valve and the cylinder head
which prevents excessive oil
leakage from the top of the
cylinder head into the combustion
chamber: Phốt xú-páp
l valve stem seal installer = sleeve-
type tool used to push down valve
stem seals for installation: dụng
cụ lắp phốt sú páp
428
vane
l valve stem seal pliers = special
pliers for removing valve stem
seals on overhead camshaft
engines: Kìm lắp phốt xú-páp
l valve timing n. the valve timing of
four-stroke engines state at what
crankshaft position with respect
to the dead centres of the pistons
the inlet and exhaust valves open
and close: Sự cân cam
l valve train n. the entire mechanism
from camshaft to valve that is
involved with the operation of a
valve; the valve and its valve gear:
Toàn bộ cơ cấu điều khiển đóng
mở các xú-páp
van n. (a) a covered road vehicle for
carrying goods (b) a recreational
vehicle based on the body of
a commercial van, usually with
comfortable, plush interior trim,
often with a bed: Xe tải (chuyên
chở hành lý hoặc người)
vane n. a blade or plate on a wheel
or hub, especially the stator blade
in a turbine: Cánh đặt trên bánh
hoặc trục
l vane-in-rotor pump n. = sliding-
vane pump
l vane-in-stator pump = external
vane pump
l vane pump n. type of rotary pump
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
vanity mirror
with either a slotted rotor and
sliding vanes or a rotor with hinged
vanes; typically used for air pumps
in secondary air injection systems,
as a compressor in air conditioning
systems, and in some transmission
systems: Bơm cánh quạt
l vane switch n. = hall vane switch
l vane wheel impeller n. impeller
with straight radial vanes: Bánh
công tác có cánh thẳng
vanity mirror n. mirror on the inside
of a sun visor: Gương trang điểm
ở mặt trong tấm che nắng
l vanity plate n. = personalized
numberplate
vaporize v. to turn into vapour: Làm
cho bốc hơi
vapour n. the gaseous form of a
liquid (usually caused by heating):
Hơi (do nung nóng chất lỏng)
l vapour canister = activat- ed
carbon canister: Bầu hút hơi xăng
bằng than hoạt tính
l vapour degreasing = type of
cleaning procedure to remove
grease, oil, and loosely attached
solids from metals; a solvent such
as trichloroethylene is boiled, and
its vapours are condensed on the
metal surfaces: Tẩy dơ bẩn bằng
chất dễ bay hơi
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
variable belt transmission
l vapour deposition = production
of a surface film of metal on
a heated surface, usually in a
vacuum, either by decomposition
of the vapour of a compound at
the work surface, or by direct
reaction between the work
surface and the vapour: Mạ chân
không
l vapour lock = blockage in a
pipe caused by a bubble of gas,
especially that in an overheated
fuel line leading to the carburettor:
Nghẽn ống vì bọt hơi
variable belt transmission
n. continuously variable
transmission using rubber V-belts
on expanding-contracting pulleys,
depending on engine speed and
load; originally developed by va
Doorne for DAF and then used
on the Volvo 340: Hộp số tự động
vô cấp theo tốc độ và tải động cơ
bằng cách thay đổi đường kính
puli đai dẫn động
l variable-choke carburettor n.=
variable-venturi car-burettor: Bộ
chế hòa khí có họng khuếch tán
thay đổi
l variable dwell n. = dwell-angle
control: Kiểm soát góc ngậm
l variable limited-slip axle/ centre
differential n. limited-slip
429
variable rate springs
axle/ centre differential with an
electronically operated multiple-
disc clutch as a slip-inhibiting
device: Bộ vi sai trung tâm với
ly hợp đa đĩa điều khiển bằng
điện tử
l variable rate springs n. springs
which become stiffer under
compression; variable rate
gas springs are a feature of air
suspension systems: Lò xo khí có
độ cứng thay đổi (hệ thống treo)
l variable ratio steering n. steering
ratio characteristics in power
steering systems providing
different ratios for small and large
steering angles: Hệ thống lái có
tỷ số truyền thay đổi
l variable valve timing n.
advancing and retarding valve
timing to increase efficiency by
precisely controlling the amount
of valve overlap: Thay đổi góc
phân phối khí để tăng hiệu suất
động cơ
l variable-venturi carburettor
or VV carburettor n. the
characteristic feature of this
carburettor is the vacuum-
operated piston which adjusts
the cross-sectional area of the
venturi and moves a jet needle
in and out of a needle jet;
typical designs are the SU and
430
Vee-belt
Stromberg carburettors: Bộ chế
hòa khí có họng khuếch tán thay đổi
Variomatic transmission n. = variable
belt trans- mission: Hộp số vô cấp
qua đai truyền động
varnish n. (a) a hard, glossy
transparent coating: Véc-ni
(b) a product of oil oxidation which is
deposited on pistons and piston
rings at high temperatures: Lớp
nhớt cháy bám trên pít-tông và
xéc-măng
V-belt n. drive belt with a V-shaped
cross section, for transmission of
low to moderate forces; typically
used to drive generators, water
pumps, air pumps, air conditioner
compressor units and power
steering pumps: Dây đai chữ V
l V-belt drive = type of friction drive
in which forces are transmitted
from belt to pulley or vice versa
by friction: Truyền động qua đai
dạng chữ
VVBRA = Vehicle Builders and
Repairers Association: Hội những
người chế tạo và sửa chữa xe
VC = Viscous Coupling
VECI = Vehicle Emission Control
Information
Vee-belt n. = V-belt: Dây đai dạng
chữ V
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
vehicle
vehicle n. any form of transportation
but especially one with wheels:
Xe cộ
l Vehicle Builders and Repairers
association (VBRA) n. British
trade association: Hội những
người chế tạo và sửa chữa xe
l Vehicle Emission Control
Information n. a label in the
engine compartment, e. g.
pasted to the radiator fan cover,
providing information about the
engine and emission controls
(VECI): Nhãn chứng nhận đã
kiểm tra khí thải xe
vehicle identification number n.
chassis type and identification
number punched on a permanent
structure, such as the engine
compartment bulkhead (VIN): Số
khung
vehicle registration document n.
document which specifies the
registered keeper(s) of a vehicle:
Thẻ đăng bộ xe
l vehicle tax n. = road tax: Thuế
cầu đường
V-eight engine (V-8) n. an engine
with eight cylinders in the form
of V; the type of engine typically
used on US automobiles in the
1950s and ‘60s was a large
displacement V-8: Động cơ 8 xi-
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
ventilate
lanh chữ V
V-engine n. engine in which two
banks of cylinders are set at an
angle to each other (usually 60°
or 90° ) so that the axes form the
letter V with the crankshaft in the
middle: Động cơ chữ V
vent 1 n. (a) small opening for the
passage of air or gas: Lỗ thông
(b) US = small triangular window
for letting air into the passenger
compartment: Cửa sổ thông khí
(nhỏ, hình tam giác)
2 v. to expel through a vent; e.g
when bleeding air (through a vent
valve or bleed screw) out of a
diesel fuel system after running
out of fuel: Xả gió
ventilate v. to provide with (fresh)
air: Làm cho thông hơi, thông gió
l ventilated discs = two discs in a
disc brake system separated by
ribs and channels to allow cooling
air to disperse the heat between
the discs: Đĩa làm mát phanh
l ventilation n. provision of a free
or controlled circulation of air: Sự
thông gió
l vent(ilation) slot = gaps in the wheel
disc which allow the passage of air
to assist brake cooling: Rãnh thông
gió làm mát phanh
431
venturi
l ventiport n. = port hole
l vent port n. = compensating port
venturi (tube) n. a short tube with
a constricted passage that
increases the velocity and lowers
the pressure of a fluid conveyed
through it: Ống khuếch tán
l venturi vacuum = vacuum in
the venturi of a carburettor which
increases with the speed of the
airflow passing through it; an
exception are VV carburettors:
Chân không trong ống khuếch tán
vernier (caliper or gauge) n. a short
graduated scale that slides along a
longer graduated instrument and
is used to indicate fractional parts
of divisions, as in a micrometer:
Vecnê (thước chia thang phụ kèm
với thang chính), thước kẹp
veteran car n. a car constructed
before 1919, especially one
made before 1905. Only the
latter are permitted to take
part in the London-Brighton
Commemoration Run: Xe hơi chế
tạo trước năm 1919
V-four engine (V-4) n. an engine with
four cylinders in the form of a V:
Động cơ 4 xy lanh dạng chữ V
VGC = Very Good Condition: Tình
trạng rất tốt (xe)
432
visco-control unit
VI = Viscosity Index: Chỉ số độ nhớt
vibration damper n. = torsional
vibration damper: Bộ giảm dao
động xoắn
Vicat softening temperature n. the
temperature at which a flat-
ended needle of 1mm² circular
cross section will penetrate a
thermoplastic specimen to a
depth of 1mm under a specified
load, using a selected uniform
rate of temperature rise: Nhiệt độ
hóa mềm Vicat
l Vicat test method = determination
of the softening temperature of
plastics: Phương pháp xác định
nhiệt độ hoá mềm Vicat
vice or US vise n. clamping device
with adjustable jaws (usually
mounted on a workbench) used
to grip an object to be worked on:
Mỏ cặp, ê-tô.
vintage car n. a car constructed in
the period 1919 - 1930: Xe cổ
điển (1919 - 1930)
virgin resin n. new resin material which
has not been recycled before;
needed for high-quality parts. It is
opposite to regrind: Nhựa nguyên
chất (không phải tái sinh)
visco-control unit n. = viscous
coupling
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
viscosity
l visco-differential n.= viscous
coupling differential
viscoelastic materials n. the
most characteristic features of
viscoelastic materials are that they
exhibit a time-dependent strain
response to a constant stress
(creep) and a time-dependent
stress response to a constant strain
(relaxation). In addition, when the
applied stress is removed, the
materials have the ability to recover
slowly over a period of time: Vật
liệu dẻo, đàn hồi
viscosity n. resistance to flow: Tính
nhớt, độ nhớt
viscosity index n. It measures of how
the viscosity of a liquid (especially
oil) changes with temperature,
such as, the higher the VI, the
smaller the change of viscosity
with temperature: Chỉ số độ nhớt
l viscosity index improver = oil
additive which reduces thinning at
high temperature, thus improving
the VI: Chất phụ gia thêm vào để
cải thiện chỉ số độ nhớt
l viscous a. thick and sticky: Sền sệt
l viscous coupling = a type of multi-
disc clutch used in some 4wd
vehicles (VC); the discs rotate in
a special fluid whose viscosity
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
volatility
increases sharply whenever there
is a difference in input and output
shaft speeds; installed in the
drive train between front and
rear axles, the VC smoothly
engages rear-wheel traction
whenever the front wheels (and,
as a result, the propeller shaft to
the VC) rotate faster than rear
wheels: Khớp nối nhớt
l viscous coupling differential =
limited-slip differential using
viscous couplings as slip-inhibiting
devices: Bộ vi sai có khớp nối nhớt
l viscous transmission = four-
wheel drive with a viscous centre
differential (VT): Truyền động qua
khớp nhớt
voice alert (system) n. system in a
car which announces warning
messages to the driver, e.g.
‘Warning! Oil pressure too low’: Hệ
thống báo bằng giọng nói
l voice recognition n. the ability of a
computer to recognize a command
spoken by the user; enables a
driver to use a car phone without
using his hands: Sự nhận dạng
giọng nói
volatility n. (e. g. of fuels) the ability
readily to change into a vapour:
Tính dễ bay hơi
433
Volkswagen
Volkswagen n. a German car
manufacturer (VW) : Hãng sản
xuất xe của Đức
voltage n. electromotive force, or
difference in electrical potential,
expressed in volts: Hiệu điện thế
l voltage regulator = electric or
electronic device which regulates
the voltage output from a dynamo
or alternator which is affected by
engine speed, the power required
by the circuits and the state of the
battery: Bộ điều chỉnh điện thế
(bộ tiết chế)
l voltage reserve = high voltage
reserve
l voltage tester = screwdriver for
testing electrical current, with an
insulated blade and handle; a
bulb inside the handle lights up if
the blade touches a live terminal:
Tuốc nơ vít thử điện
l voltage transformer = assembly
for increasing the voltage
supplied to the air bag system
to 12 volts in case of a drop in
battery voltage: Máy biến thế
(sử dụng để cung cấp 12V cho
hệ thống điều khiển gối hơi trong
trường hợp hỏng ắc quy
l voltammeter n. dual-purpose
instrument for measuring either
voltage or amperage: Đồng hồ đo
434
V-pulley
điện áp và cường độ dòng điện
l voltmeter n. instrument for
measuring voltage: Vôn kế
volume n. cubic capacity: Thể tích
l volume car n. mass-produced
car: Xe sản xuất đại trà
l volume control screw n. adjusting
screw which controls the amount
of air/ fuel mixture supplied by
the idling circuit of a fixed-jet
carburettor: Vít chỉnh ga
volumetric efficiency n. (a) the ratio of
air or air/ fuel mixture drawn into the
cylinder of an internal combustion
of the piston: Hiệu suất nạp
(b) number of horsepower (hp) per
cubic inch displacement: Công
suất riêng
volute a. having the form of a spiral:
Xoắn ốc
l volute casing = a progressively
expanding pump casing
proportioned to reduce the liquid
velocity gradually so that some of
the velocity energy of the liquid is
converted into static pressure: Vỏ
bơm hình xoắn ốc
V-pulley n. pulley with a pair of
adjustable cup-shaped discs,
used on belt transmissions, to
permit adjustment of the effective
pulley diameter and transmission
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
VR engine
ratio: Puli chữ V
VR engine n. new engine design:
a combination of in-line and
V-engine, the V-angle being
reduced (VR) to about 15°; this
results in a block which is shorter
than a four-cylinder unit of similar
capacity. Unlike conventional V-8
engines, the VR engine is topped
by a single cylinder head: Động
cơ mới hình chữ VR
VRV = Vacuum Reducer Valve
V-six engine n. an engine with six
cylinders in the form of a V (V-6):
Động cơ 6 xi-lanh dạng chữ V
VT = Viscous Transmission: Truyền
động qua khớp nhớt
V-ten engine n. an engine with ten
cylinders in the form of a V (V-10):
Động cơ 10 xi-lanh dạng chữ V
Từ điển Anh - Việt chuyên ngành ô tô
VW
V-thread n. triangular screw thread:
Ren tam giác
V-twelve engine n. an engine with
twelve cylinders in the form of a V
(V-12): Động cơ 12 xi-lanh dạng
chữ V
vulcanization n. chemical reaction
which charges the physical
properties of elastomers: Sự lưu
hóa (cao su)
l vulcanize v. (of tyre production)
to treat rubber with sulphur or
sulphur compounds under heat
and pressure to improve elasticity
and strength: Lưu hóa
VV Carburettor n. = Variable Venturi
Carburettor: Bộ chế hòa khí có
họng khuếch tán thay đổi
VW = Volkswagen: Hãng sản xuất
ô tô của Đức
435