Physics Class – XI

VECTORS
Worksheet – 3 (Solutions)
   
1. 2  Given A  B  A  B

 A 2  B2  2AB cos   A 2  B2  2AB cos  where  is the angle between A

and B  A 2  B2  12AB cos   A 2  B2  2AB cos   AB cos   0
 cos   0    90
2. 1  The resultant of three vectors will be zero if and only if the sum of two
smaller vectors is equal to or greater than third vector.
 
3. 3  Let  be the angle between P and Q
  
Given P  Q  R  P 2  Q2  2PQcos   R 2 ..............(1)
2 2 2
and P  Q  R  P 2  Q2  R 2 ..............(2)
From eqs. (i) and (ii), we have 2PQ cos   0  cos   0    90
   
4. 3  Let A be the resultant of two given vectors be B and C out of which B is
    
smaller vector. Given A is perpendicular to B and A  B  C
 From the triangle law of vector addition, we have

 
A C


B

 From the above figure C2 = A2 + B2 and given A = 10N and B + C = 20N

 (20 – B)2 = (10)2 + B2  400 – 40B + B2 = 100 + B2
300
 400 – 100 = 40 B   B  B  7.5N
40

5. 1  The situation is shown in figure.


Q
90° 
P
10° x
100°

 
Given, P  6 m Q  8m
 
Since, P and Q make 10° and 100° with x–axis, then the angle between
   
P and Q is 100° – 10° = 90°. The resultant of P and Q

R  P 2  Q2  2PQcos     6 2   8 2  2  6  8 cos 90
R  36  64  0  10 m
  
6. 3  Let P and Q be given two vectors and R is their resultant vector.
 Physics Class – XI


R

P

30°
60°

Q
From the figure,
Qsin 90 Q
tan 60   3
P  Q cos 90 P
 Q  3 P  Q2 = 3P2 - - - - - - - - - - - (1)
 
Also, P 2  Q2  R 2   40   1600 - - - - (2) (  Angle between P and Q is 90°)
2

From (1) and (2)  P 2  3P 2  1600  P = 20 unit Also Q  3P  20 3 unit

7. 3  The figure is shown as described in the question.
According to parallelogram law of vector addition,

b

90° a

30°
120°

R  a 2  b2  2ab cos   32  42  2  3  4 cos 90  5 unit

8. 1 
 
ab


b

120°


a
   
R  a  b  42  42  2  4  4  cos120  R  4
 
Let  be the angle made by a  b with a
4 3
 4sin 120   2 4 3
tan       3    60
 4  4 cos 120   
   4   2  2
4
 2
Note : If two vectors of equal magnitude are acting at a point, then their resultant
vector will bisect the angle between two vectors.
9. 3
10. 1  Let
 Physics Class – XI

A  B  26
A  B  16
 A  21, B  5
2A  42
11. 3  The resultant of two forces will be minimum when angle between them is
180°.
4N

180°

3N
The resultant will be maximum when angle is zero.
 R max   4
2
  3  2  4  3 cos 0
2

 16  9  24  7N

 4   3   2  4  3 cos180  16  9  24  1N
2 2
and R min 
R min 1
 
R max 7

     
12. 2  PQ R  P  Q  R  P 2  Q2  2PQcos   R 2 - - - - - - - - -(1)
     
PQ S  P  Q  S  P 2  Q2  2PQcos   S2 - - - - - - - - - (2)
Adding (1) and (2) we have 2(P2 +Q2) = R2 + S2
  
13. 4   v  v 2  v1
 
 V  v 2  v 2  2v2 cos 40   V  v 2  2cos 40
 
 V  2v 1  cos 40   V  2v 2sin2 20

 1  cos  2   2sin2    V  2v sin  20 
14. 2 
Y
D
C


c

d

A
B

a 
b

X
O
     
From the triangle OBC, b  BC  c  BC  c  b
     
From the triangle OAD, a  AD  d  AD  d  a
     
but BC  AD  cb  da
15. 3 
Physics Class – XI


a
B C
 
 d2 d1
b

b


A  D
a
     
From the triangle ABC b  a  d1  d1  a  b
     
From the triangle ABD b  d2  a  d2  a  b
d12  a 2  b2  2ab cos  - - - - - - -(1)
d22  a 2  b2  2ab cos  - - - - - - -(2)
d12  d 22
 d12  d22  2  a 2  b2  (From (1) and (2)  a 2  b2 
2