Sazeh 2

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪taXk shghvd‬‬
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‫» ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ «‬
‫در روش ﻧﻴﺮو ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ‪ ،‬اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫از اﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ آﺛﺎر ﻗﻮا ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎزه ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻦ اﻳﺴﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻌﻴﻦ در ﻣﺘﻦ آﻳﺪ ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ اﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﻣﻘﺪار آﻧﻬﺎ ﻃﻮري ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ ﻣـﻲ آﻳـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫واﻗﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺷﺎن را اﻗﻨﺎع ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻌﻴﻦ درﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ و رﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺑﺮﺷﻲ و ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ روي ﻫﻤـﺎن‬
‫روﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻳﻦ روش ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎزه اي اﻋﻢ از ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ‪،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺐ را ﺑﺮاي ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻤـﻮد‪.‬‬
‫در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻴﺮو ﺳﻪ روش‪ ،‬ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬روش ﻧﻴﺮو و ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫روش ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺬف ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ از ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ آن ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه ‪ s B‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ B‬ﺗﺤـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ ‪ δ bb ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ‪ B‬ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫‪ δ bb .xb‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ B‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ‪xb‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي واﺣﺪ در ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪B‬‬
‫‪− s B + δ bb xb = o‬‬
‫‪δB‬‬
‫= ‪⇒ xb‬‬
‫‪δ bb‬‬
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‫ب( ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ‪ 2‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺬف ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ از ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜـﺎن اﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ‬ ‫‪ Se‬و ‪S B‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه‬
‫‪C‬و ‪ B‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ B‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي واﺣﺪ در ‪B‬‬ ‫‪Sbb‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ C‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي واﺣﺪ در ‪B‬‬ ‫‪Scb‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ B‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي واﺣﺪ در ‪C‬‬ ‫‪Sbc‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ C‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي واﺣﺪ در ‪C‬‬ ‫‪Scc‬‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ‪ B‬و ‪ C‬اﺛﺮ ﺧﻮد را آﻧﻘﺪر ﺑﻄﺮف ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜـﺎن ﻛـﻞ اﻳـﻦ‬
‫‪σ cb .xσ‬‬ ‫و ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ c‬را ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪار‬ ‫‪Sbbx X b‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ X b‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ B‬را ﺑﺎﻧﺪازه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮف ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ داده و ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ‪ xc‬ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ‪ C‬را ﺑﺎﻧـﺪازه ‪ δ cc .xc‬و ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ‪ B‬را ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪار ‪δ bc .xc‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮف ﺑﺎﻻ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪S b − xbδ bb − xcδ bc = 0‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪δ c − xbδ cb − xcδ cc = 0‬‬
3 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ taXk shghvd

: ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‬
δ B + X bδ bb + X cδ bc + X d δ bd = 0
δ c + X bδ cb + X cδ cc + X d δ cd = 0
δ D + X bδ db + X cδ dc + X d δ dd = 0
: ‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺴﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮه اي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻴﺮو‬: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
wl
Xb = 3
8
− δ B − δ bb xb = 0
wt 4  L3 
− − Xb = 0
8EI  3EI 
wl 4 3wl
δB = Xb = −
8 EI 8
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‫‪l3‬‬
‫‪δ bb‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪Xb‬‬
‫‪3EI‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻴﺮو ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻮاب ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pab 2‬‬
‫= ‪MA‬‬
‫‪L3‬‬
‫‪Pba 2‬‬
‫= ‪MB‬‬
‫‪L2‬‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ درﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺠﻬﻮل اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺣﺬف ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺠﻬﻮل اﺿﺎﻓﻲ از ﻗﺎب ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ آن ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎب ﻣﻌﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ و ﭘﺎﻳﺪار‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻣﻜـﺎن اﻓﻘـﻲ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ‪ c‬ﺗﺤـﺖ اﺛـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه ﺑـﻪ ‪δ c‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ‪ c‬ﺗﺤـﺖ‬ ‫‪δ cc‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫اﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي واﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬
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‫‪δc‬‬
‫= ‪δ c − xcδ cc = 0 ⇒ xc‬‬
‫‪δ cc‬‬
‫ب( ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ‪ 3‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪δ‬‬ ‫= ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪∆1′‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪δ‬‬ ‫‪ = ∆′2‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫‪ = ∆′3‬دوران ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ δ‬ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫‪δ‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر واﺣﺪ در‬ ‫‪δ‬‬ ‫‪ = δ11‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫‪δ‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر واﺣﺪ در‬ ‫‪δ‬‬ ‫‪ = δ 22‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫‪δ‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر واﺣﺪ در‬ ‫‪δ‬‬ ‫‪ = δ 33‬دوران ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫‪δ 23 = δ 32‬‬ ‫‪δ13 = δ 31‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻮل‬
‫‪∆1′ + δ11 x1 + δ12 x2 + δ13 x3 = 0‬‬

‫‪∆ ′2 + δ 21 x1 + δ 22 x2 + δ 23 x3 = 0‬‬
‫‪∆ ′3 + δ 31 x1 + δ 32 x2 + δ 33 x3 = 0‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮي ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺒﺎت ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮي ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎزه اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي در ﻃﻮل آن ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻋﺪم ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ و ‪ . . .‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪(.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮي در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ از دو ﻃﺮف ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬـﺎي داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﻮده ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ داراي ﻋﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ . θ BL = −θ BR .‬ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎه داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫ ‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﻚ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﻴﺐ در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از دو ﻃـﺮف ﺗﻜﻴـﻪ‬ ‫از ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر‬
‫‪EI‬‬
‫ﮔﺎه ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻗﺮار دادن دو ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﻪ از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻋـﺪدي ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻢ ﻣـﺴﺎوي ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎه ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ از ﺗﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ زﻳﺮ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺳﺎده ﺗﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪ L L′ ‬‬ ‫‪ L ′    ∆L‬‬ ‫‪ 1 1  ∆R ‬‬ ‫‪6S −‬‬

‫‪M L ( ) + 2 M c  +  + M R   = 6 E  −‬‬ ‫‪+ ∆c  +  −‬‬ ‫‪ * − x‬‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ I I′ ‬‬ ‫‪ I′    L‬‬ ‫‪ L L′  L′ ‬‬ ‫‪LI‬‬
‫*اﮔﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﺮي ﭼﻨﺪدﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ ﭼﻮن ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻨﺪ ﺧﻴﺰﺷﺎن ﺻﻔﺮ اﺳـﺖ و ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺮوﺷﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و دارﻳﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ L‬‬ ‫‪ L L′ ‬‬ ‫‪ L′ ‬‬ ‫‪6S − 6S −‬‬

‫‪M L   + 2M c  +  + M R   = − x − x ′‬‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ I I′ ‬‬ ‫‪ I′ ‬‬ ‫‪LI‬‬ ‫‪L′I ′‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮي ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ را ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮف ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ ‬
‫را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ β 2‬درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮي را ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دو ﺑﺎر ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ‪.‬ﻗﺒﻼً ‪S , S ′‬‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ‪ :‬ﭼﻮن‬
‫‪S=73‬‬
‫‪LA − C B − RC‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫‪×2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2M B  +  + M c   = −‬‬ ‫‪−6 3‬‬
‫‪ 2I I ‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪6 × 2I‬‬ ‫‪2I‬‬
‫) ‪14 M B + 4M c = −172( I‬‬
‫‪LB − CC − RD‬‬
‫‪ 64 ‬‬ ‫‪ 64 ‬‬
‫‪ × 2‬‬ ‫‪ × 2‬‬
‫‪M B (4) + 2 M C (4 + 4) = −6‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3 ‬‬
‫‪−6 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫) ‪4 M B + 16M C = −128( II‬‬
‫‪14M B + 4 M C = −172‬‬
‫‪I , II = ‬‬
‫‪4 M B + 16 M C = −128‬‬
‫‪M C = −5.2ton.m , M B = −10.7 t.m‬‬
‫ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎزه‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺎزه‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﺎزه‬
‫‪EquiLibrium.Eq‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ‪ Charateristies. eq‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻫﻮك ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺗـﻨﺶ و ﻛـﺮﻧﺶ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫راﺑﻄﻪ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪ Krnematic. eq‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ راﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزه و ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺮم اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﺎزه را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬
‫در روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ و در روش ﻧﻴﺮو ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ و ﺗﻌﺎدل و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت ﺳﺎزه ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ وﻟﻲ ﭼﻮن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت(‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ آﺋﻴﻢ و اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫ﺑﺰرگ را ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫روش ﻧﻴﺮو‬
‫در روش ﻧﻴـــــﺮو از ﻣﻌـــــﺎدﻻت )‪ (1‬و )‪ (2‬ﻣﻘـــــﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـــــﺎﻳﻲﻫـــــﺎ ﺑـــــﺮ ﺣـــــﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫـــــﺎ ﺑﺪﺳـــــﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ و اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ در ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت )‪ (3‬ﻗﺮار داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻳﻚ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺮو ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮدد و‬
‫از ﺣﻞ آن ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫از ﻣﻌــــﺎدﻻت ﻣﺸﺨــــﺼﻪ و ﺟﻨﺒــــﺸﻲ ﻣﻘــــﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫــــﺎ ﺑــــﺮ ﺣــــﺴﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠــــﺎﻳﻲ ﮔــــﺮه ﻫــــﺎ ﺣﺎﺻــــﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و در ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬاري ﺷﺪه و از ﺣﻞ آن ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Given :‬‬
‫‪27‬‬
‫= ‪A1 = 2 A, A2 = A, A3‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪125‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫= ‪A4‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪125‬‬
‫‪P1 = 2 P‬‬
‫‪P2 = P‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺴﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪ (1‬رواﺑﻂ ﺗﻌﺎدل‪ -‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪ -‬ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ )ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري( را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺳﺎزه را ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻴﺮو ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺳﺎزه را ﺑﻪ روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪δ 1 ,δ 2‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮه‬
‫‪∆1 , ∆ 2 , ∆ 3 , ∆ 4‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻃﻮل اﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫‪F1 , F2 , F3 , F4‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ اﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت ‪ 10‬ﻋﺪد‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت و ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
‫‪ 4‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ دارﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬
‫‪ 4‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ= ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻃﻮل اﻋﻀﺎء ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﮔﺮه ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت = ‪ 10‬ﻋﺪد‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت = ‪ 10‬ﻋﺪد‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل‪:‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ΣFx = 0 ⇒ − F1 − F2 + F4 + P1 = 0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫⇒ ‪ΣFy = 0‬‬ ‫‪F1 − F2 − F3 + P2 = 0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪∆ = PL AE‬‬
‫‪5 a‬‬ ‫‪2 E‬‬

‫‪L1 = 9 + 16 = 5‬‬ ‫= ‪∆1‬‬ ‫‪F1‬‬ ‫= ‪F1‬‬ ‫‪A ∆1‬‬
‫‪2 AE‬‬ ‫‪5 a‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪1 AE‬‬

‫‪∆2 = 5‬‬ ‫‪F2‬‬ ‫= ‪F2‬‬ ‫‪∆2‬‬
‫‪AE‬‬ ‫‪5 a‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪125 a‬‬ ‫‪9 AE‬‬
‫= ‪∆3‬‬ ‫‪F3‬‬ ‫= ‪F3‬‬ ‫‪∆3‬‬
‫‪9 AE‬‬ ‫‪125 a‬‬
‫‪125 a‬‬ ‫‪12 ∆E‬‬

‫= ‪∆4‬‬ ‫‪F4‬‬ ‫= ‪F4‬‬ ‫‪∆4‬‬
‫‪12 AE‬‬ ‫‪125 a‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي روش ﻧﻴﺮو‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫‪PL‬‬ ‫‪∆E‬‬
‫=∆‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫=‪P‬‬ ‫∆‬
‫‪AE‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫در روش ﻧﻴﺮو اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬ ‫درروش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫‪∆= f ×p‬‬ ‫∆× ‪p = K‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪f ×k =1‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬
‫‪Flexibility‬‬ ‫‪Stiffness‬‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻃﻮل را ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮل را ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪δ‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‬
‫‪∆3 = δ 2‬‬
‫‪∆ 4 = −δ1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪∆1 = δ1 − δ 2 = − ∆ 4 − ∆ 3 → ∆1 + ∆ 4 + ∆ 3 = 0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫= ‪∆2‬‬ ‫‪δ 1 + δ 2 = − ∆4 + ∆3 → ∆2 + ∆4 − ∆3 = 0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻓﻮق‪ :‬اﺑﺘﺪا ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪ δ 2‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪ δ 1‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺮم ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ را ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪) ( Super‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ(‬ ‫) اﺻﻞ ‪Position‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺮض ﻓﻘﻂ وﺟﻮد ‪δ 2‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻓﺮض ﻓﻘﻂ وﺟﻮد ‪δ 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪∆v = −δ 2Cosβ = − δ 2‬‬ ‫‪∆h = δ1Cosα = δ1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻓﺖ = ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺟﺎت آزادي – ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻋﻀﺎء ‪4 − 2 = 2‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻓﺖ = درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎزه ‪2 = 2‬‬
‫‪Compatibility‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪∆1 + ∆ 3 + ∆ 4 = 0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪∆ 2 − ∆3 + ∆ 4 = 0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Force Metod‬‬ ‫روش ﻧﻴﺮو‪:‬‬
‫‪X 1 = F1 , X 2 = F2‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت را ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت زاﺋﺪ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫از ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل در ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫‪F1 = X 1‬‬
‫‪F2 = X 2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫= ‪F3‬‬ ‫‪X 1 − X 2 + P2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪F4 = X 1 + X 2 − P1‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪ (3‬رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﺮﻣﻲ را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻴﺪ و در آن ﺑﺠﺎي ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ 2‬را ﻗﺮار دﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪5 a‬‬
‫= ‪∆1‬‬ ‫‪X1‬‬
‫‪2 AE‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪∆2 = 5‬‬ ‫‪X2‬‬
‫‪AE‬‬
‫‪125 a 3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫= ‪∆3‬‬ ‫) ‪( X 1 − X 2 + P2‬‬
‫‪9 AE 5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪125 a 4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫= ‪∆4‬‬ ‫) ‪( X 1 + X 2 − P1‬‬
‫‪12 AE 5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ (4‬در ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ∆ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ 3‬را ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ دﻫﻴﻢ ﻳﻚ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ X 1‬و‬
‫‪ X 2‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬاري رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮم در ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري) ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ(‬
‫‪8.5 X 1 + X 2 = 5 P‬‬
‫‪X 1 + 10 X 2 = 15 P‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬دﺳﺘﮕﺎه را ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫= ‪X1‬‬ ‫= ‪P, X 2‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ 2‬دارﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫= ‪F1‬‬ ‫‪P,‬‬ ‫= ‪F2‬‬ ‫‪P,‬‬ ‫= ‪F3‬‬ ‫‪P,‬‬ ‫‪F4 = − P‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ (7‬ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ را ﺣﺴﺎب ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫= ‪∆1‬‬ ‫= ‪∆2‬‬
‫‪ δ 1 ,‬را ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (8‬ﺑﻪ دﻟﺨﻮاه رواﺑﻄﻲ از ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮده و ازروي آن ‪δ 2‬‬
‫‪125 AE‬‬
‫= ‪δ1 = δ2‬‬
‫‪24 a‬‬
‫ ‬
‫روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻓﻮاﻳﺪ اﻳﻦ روش در آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻓﺖ ﻧﺪارﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ δ 1 ,‬را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺠﻬﻮل اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ‪δ 2‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رواﺑﻂ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ∆ را ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ δ‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬از رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮم ﺳﺨﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻨﻴﺪ وﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ∆ از رواﺑﻂ ‪ 2‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪3 AE 4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫= ‪F1‬‬ ‫)‪( δ1 − δ2‬‬
‫‪5 a 5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪1 AE 4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫= ‪F2‬‬ ‫)‪( δ1 + δ2‬‬
‫‪5 a 5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪9 AE‬‬
‫= ‪F3‬‬ ‫‪δ2‬‬
‫‪125 a‬‬
‫‪12 AE‬‬
‫= ‪F4‬‬ ‫) ‪( −δ 1‬‬
‫‪125 a‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه را در ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻗﺮار دﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪aρ‬‬

‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪δ1 +‬‬ ‫‪δ2 +2‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪AE‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪aρ‬‬
‫‪δ1 −‬‬ ‫‪δ2 +‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪AE‬‬
‫‪125 aρ‬‬
‫= ‪δ1 = δ2‬‬
‫‪24 AE‬‬
‫‪125 aP‬‬
‫= ‪δ1 = δ 2‬‬ ‫‪ (5‬از ﺣﻞ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه دارﻳﻢ‬
‫‪24 AE‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ را در رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ 2‬ﻗﺮار داده ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ‪ ∆ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ∆ 4‬و‪ F1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ F4‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

Slop Diflection Method
!" (1
. + !,-./ 0 12 3#$ %& ' ( )* (2
.56.3 7*6./ +8 +53 #$ & 9: (3
. + !6 < = >?@A 3; %& (4
.5A 0/ B& C@3 D@ 8 EF/ 6 (5
G5 /H:
.7L < 0/ = BK/ : 3! *: IJ !A G5 @9:
.7L < 0/ = BK/ : 3! *: IJ MH2 !A G5 + <
3I6 D /H:
BK/ : 3! *: IJ
ψ ij = ψ ji = Chord Rolation
∆ ij & D
ψ i j = ψ ji =
L
M i j = f1 (θ i , θj ,ψ ij , @9: O< )

M ij = f 2 (θ i ,θj,ψ ij , @9: O< )
: FEM D
:0 06Q
0S 06QS j + S< T D i !R* ;8 G5 .75A 0/ < j I6 #F/ i I6
.7/ 0/ Sij
θi
M ij = S ijθ i
M ji = Cij − S ij .θ i
C : G5 U*6 L V
SGL SI6 @ mij G5 i I6 < < D GL #F/ D >L !A @9: >L
M ji
C= G5 U*6 L V 3 @2 m ji G5
M ij
C ji S jiθ i θj
S jiθ i − S ijiψ ij − Cij Sijψ ij
− C ji S jiψ ij
− S jiψ ij
M ij = M ijF + S ijθ i + Cij S jiθ j − ( S ij + C ji S ji )ψ
M ji = M Fji + Cij S ijθ j + S ji iθ i − ( s ji + c jj sij )ψ
< 3 G5
. !6 @6./ WR*/ & <

WL2 WL2
− 12
2EI EI 12
M ijF
2 EI
M ijiF Pab 2 Pba 2

− − 2
EI L L2
:UK/
.L L8 & < 3 G5
l ωx 2
M =∫ 2
( L − x) 2 d x
0 L
ωx
dx × x( L − x) 2
dm = L
L2
2
1 L2 1 L2
∫ ∫ ωx 2 ( L − x ) dx
F F
M AB =− ωx ( L − x) dx mBA =−
L2 L1 L2 L1
:UK/
.L L8 & < 3 G5
M0
M2
M 2
M 2
0 d
0 d
2
P
a 2L
b
M =−

M = M1 − M 2
Mo
(a − d )(b + d ) 2
M 1 = 2d
L2
Mo
(a + d )(b − d ) 2
M2 = 2 d
L2
Mo
M= 2
[(a − d )(a + d ) 2 − (a + d )(b − d ) 2 ]
2dL
pab 2
M =− M F = Lim M
L2
d →0
:UK/
. , Y? 1 !$& !A 5A Z L L8 #X & < 3 G5
.L 0/ M */ A U@T < G5
WL2 WL2
− :UK/
WL2 WL2 12 12
−
12 12 .L L8 & < 3 G5
WL WL
2 2 (75A 0/ Z @"/ D@?) / !,-./

G5 U*6 L V 0 06Q
M2 L 1 M2 L 1
ΣFy = 0 ⇒ 1 +× × + × ×
4 EI 2 2 2 EI 2 2
M 2 2 1 M1 L 1
× × − × ×
M1 EI 2 2 2 EI 2 2
M1
2 EI
2 EI
M1
M1 Sij Cij = M 2
M2 2
2 EI M2
2 EI
M2
M L 1 M L 1
− 1 × × − 1 × × =0⇒ 2
2 EI 2 2 4 EI 2 2
MEI
+ M 1 + 2M 2 + 4M 2 − 2M 1 − 2M 1 − M 1 = 0 ⇒
L
4 EI
5M 1 − 7 M 2 =
L
L M 1 L 1 M 1 L 1 L M1 L 1 2L
× × × + × × × + × × × =
6 2 EI 2 2 4 EI 2 2 3 2 EI 2 2 3
M 2 L 1 L M 2 L 1 2 L M 2 L 1 5L
× × × + × × × + × × ×
4 EI 2 2 3 2 EI 2 2 3 EI 2 2 6
M 1. 5
⇒ 1.5M 1 = 3.75M 2 , Cij = 2 = = 0.4
M 1 3.75
4 EI 4 EI 1
L 5 5M 1 − 7 × 0.4M 1 = ⇒ M2 = ( )
L L 5 − 2.8
@ 5/ W[*/ '/
M ij = M ijF + S ijθ i + C ji S jiθ j − ( S ij + C j S ij )ψ

4 EI
Sij = S ji =
L

1
Cij = C ji =
2
4 EI L 4 EI 6 EI
Sij + C ji S ji = + × =
L 2 L L
4 EI 2 EI 6 EI
M ij = M ijF + θi + θj − ψ
L L L
2 EI
M ij = M ijF + (2θ i + θ j − 3ψ )
L
0BJ U*6 D 3+8
.5 !6 & D \9: 8 ; A ]3 !A 0 0BJ U*6 D
8 'J & D
8 'J & = 3+ < 0*6 8 'J & – \9: &
.5A 0/ ! V 8 !J >L >R,_ 0 8 !J & 0&& 0,F/ L D@ < :!6$
.5A .T \9: ;1& < G5 L*/ :1 !,T /
.5A .T \9: ;1& U*6 L V 0 06Q L*/ :2 !,T /
..L@5 '/ \9: ;1& :3 !,T /
( i + < ).@ !6@ G5 U& !/ + < 3 :4 !,T /
i + < A 16/ G5 M i + ∑ M ij = 0 i + < ij @9: `LI6 G5
.3 '/ 8 3 M ij a 4 !,T / '/ :5 !,T /
.5A !B"/ 3 θ !/ +G6 :6 !,T /
.@ !B"/ 0LI6 3 G5 L*/ '/ D :7 !,T /
.5A 7 0 12 G5 0 ' %& 305"5/ :8 !,T /
. O< (& @"/ )* 0 12 G5 ( D@ #F/ L D@ >6,_ 3 & @/ :!6$

:UK/
.@ +6 8 . SD, Bending Moment 05"5/ 7 L8 & .@,R/
:1 !,T /
pa 2b p ( L 2) 2 L 2 pL
2,3 → = =
L2 L2 8
5 × 12
− M 2F,3 = M 3F, 2 = PL 8 = = 7.5ton.m
8
WL2 2 × 9 2
− M 3F, 4 = M 4F,3 = = = 13.5ton.m
12 12
10 × 6
M 5F, 4 = − M 4F,5 = PL 8 = = 7.5ton.m
8
. @ 5/ W[*/ )*
:2 !,T /
4 EI
M 2,3 = M 2F,3 + (2θ 2 + θ 3 )
L
2 EIθ 2 ΣIθ 3
M 2,3 = −7.5 + +
3 3
2 EIθ 3 EIθ 2
M 3, 2 = 7.5 + +
3 3
8 4 . < & 5!R* D@?
M 3, 4 = −13.5 + EIθ 3 + EIθ 4
9 9
4 8
M 4,313.5 + EIθ 3 + EIθ 4
9 9
1 1 1
M 4,5 = −7.5 + EIθ 4 + EIθ 5 EIθ 5 = 0
3 6 6
1 1 1
M 5, 4 = 7.5 + EIθ 4 + EIθ 5 EIθ 5 = 0
6 3 3
θ5 = 0

:3 !,T /
. BK/ IJ : ! *: MH2 IJ + <
M 2,1 = 4
M 2,3 + 4 = 0 ⇒ M 2,3 = −4
M 3, 2 + M 3, 4 = 0
M 4 , 3 + M 4, 5 = 0
.73 0/ +6 @/ L8 '@ ! bL6 + A V 3 3 mij 06T
M 2,3 = −4 ⇒ 2 EIθ 2 + EIθ 3 = 18.5

M 3, 2 + M 3, 4 = 0 ⇒ 3EIθ 2 + 14 EIθ 3 + 4 EIθ 4 = 54
M 4,5 + M 4,3 = 0 ⇒ 4 EIθ 3 + 11EIθ 4 = −54
− 25 EIθ 2 + 4 EIθ 4 = −205 ⇒ 243EIθ 4 = −1560

− 8 EIθ 2 + 11EIθ 4 = −128 EIθ 4 = −6.41
.7L 0/ '/ GLJ !, !
ΣIθ 4 = −6.41 M 2,3 = ? M 4, 5 = ?
ΣIθ 4 = 7.18 ⇒ M 3, 2 = ? M 5, 4 = ?
ΣIθ 3 = 4.127 M 3, 4 = ? M 4,3 = ?
. BK/ 3 @9: L + < : 3! *: IJ D
DL .T θ i
M-
dia
s-dif

. B5< ; %& 05/ G5 05"5/ !A 0[* :!6$
. !A ; %& BK/ G5 05"5/ !A 0[* :!6$
:UK/
1
. + A . in +8 ! B +<!$&
2
.5A ! &
EI = 30000 psi, I = 1000in 4

2 EI
mij = mijF + (2θ i + θ j − 3ψ )
L
7SL ψ 7 @& 0/ 7L . */ 13 BC , AB @9: a5L :!,-./ #T U ; &
S '@ L _ mijF .7 !6 0 O< < !A 75A +6 #B #1 @6 8
.@ 0/ W1J < G5
:!,-./ #T ; ; &
6 EI 2 EI
M ij = M ijF + ( ψ)+ (2θ i + θ j )
L L
− 6 EI 6 EI∆
M ijF = M Fji = − ψ =− 2 03<!$& . 8 0 < G5 :!6$
L L
:!,-./ #T

∆ AB 0.5
ψ AB = = = 0.0035
L AB 12 × 12
∆ BC − 0.5
ψ AB = = = −0.0017
LBC 24 ×12
2 × 3ΣI
M AB = (2θA + θ B − 3ψ AB )
12 × 12
I 0.0035 EI
M AB = EIθ A + E θ B − 3 ×
2 2
⇒ M AB = 208333θ A + 104167θ B − 1085.06

M BC = 10416 + θ A + 208333θ B − 1085.06
3T #LB& 8 cd EI O< : M CB = 173611θ B + 347222θ C + 904.22
M CD = 13889θ C + 69444θ D
M DC = 69444θ C + 138889θ D
(fSSS& FEM SSSI5& ∆ SSSGL 'SSSB: !SSS SSS 0&SSS& ]SSS3 #e.SSS/ GL SSS SSS !SSS SSSa5L 8
. O< 0/
U& '/
1 − M AB = 0
2 − M BA + M BC = 0
3 − M CB + M CD = 0
4 − M DC = 0
1 − M AB = 0 ⇒
1) ⇒ 208333θ A + 104167θ B = 1085.06
2) ⇒ 104167θ A + 555555θ B + 173611θ c = 180.84
3) ⇒ 173611θ B + 48611θ C − 69444θ B = −904.22
4) ⇒ 69444θ C + 138889θ B = 0 M-
dia
θ A = 5.22 × 10 −3 S-dif
θ B = 0.718 × 10 −3
'/ #T 8 cd ⇒:
. × 10 −3
θ C = −199
θ D = 0.995 × 10 −3

M AB = 0 → cont ok
M BA = −547.51
M BC = 547.51
'/ OGLJ 8 cd ⇒
M CB = 207.39
M CD = −207.39
M DC = 0 → Cont o.k
.7L < 0/ = 05/ cd +@ 05/ EF/ /*/ + BK/ Slop. dif CB G5
:UK/
.gQ / h* dif & IJ A IJ UK/ >L
1
!3 ) 2 */ .@,R/
4
:UK/
` ` 12 I/ <L 7 & ! L8 #X +8 @,R/
A, B , C A T # + <
S D*6/ +8 5? 0 5A ATi IJ @& 0/ 05L 8 !J >L +8 .0,A T
. 0BJ U*6 +8 < D @& 0/ cd 8 !J >L

+8S D S !6S 8 !SJ >L )* D*6/ D O< D*6/ !A +8 3 :!6$
. 0BJ U*6
:#T
F F F F wL2 24 2
M Ab b = − M BA = M BC = − M BC = −228ton.m → = 6×
12 12
F F
M AD = M DA = M εFB = M BFε = M FC
F F
= M CF =0
2 1
M AB = −228 + EIθ A + EIθ B
3 3
1 2
M BA = 228 + EIθ A + EIθ B
3 3
2 1
M BC = −228 + EIθ B + EIθ C
3 3
1 2
M CB = 228 + EIθ B + EIθ C
3 3
θF = 0, θE = 0, θB = 0
2
m AD = EIθ A
9
1
mDA = EIθ A
9
2
M BE = EIθ B
9
1
M EB = EIθ B
9
2
M CF = EIθ C
9
1
M FC = EIθ C
9
A + < : M AD + M AB = 0 1
B + < : M BA + M Bε + M BC = 0 2 C + < : M CB + M CF = 0 3

8 1
8 1⇒ EIθ A + EIθ B = 288
9 3
1 4 1
8 2⇒ EIθ A + EIθ B + EIθ C = 0
3 9 3
1 8
8 3⇒ EIθ B + EIθ C = −288
3 9
'/ #T 8 cd ⇒
EIθ A= 324, EIθ B , E Iθ C = 0
U& '/ OGLJ
M AB = −72
M BA = 396
M BE = 0
M EB = 0
M BC = −396
M CB = 72
M AD = 72
6 × 9.752
M DA = 36 M (9.95) = 58.5 × 9.95 − − 92 = 213.19
2
M CF = −72
M FC = −36
S< #LB& + '@ ! #$ D @& 0/ D*6/ O< D*6/ #$ !A 0LI
. @"/ G5 B !R* D@? L Hk K/ 75A D cj
M-dia

:UK/
. ! L8 #X +8 @,R/
0BJ U*6 3
: '/ (1
'S/ SL 56.S3 3 G5 U& '/ 8 _ ` U& '/ l@ 8 !A 56.3 '/ 8 >L
. A \9: G5 '@Ia/ )* I D @6 !A 5 !@< ! 06.L
'/ & = +8 8 'J &

ΣFx = 0 ⇒ F = V BA + VCD
m AB + m BA
V BA = −( )
2 AB
mCD + m DC
VCD = −( )
LCD
∑M D
= 0 → VCD × L + mCD + m DC = 0
m BA + m AB m + m DC
F = −( ) − ( CD )
L AB LDC

ψ & = 8 'J &
∆
ψ AB = =ψ (1)
L AB
∆
ψ DC = ( 2)
LDC
 L AB 
ψ DC = ψ   ⇐ 2 ‫ و‬1 ‫از‬
 LDC 
+8 0BJ U*6 V +55A gQ / 3 6/ d .T & D D
:U
ψ ij +8 ! ij @9: & D ( i + < ! B. j + < 0B. D$/ %& : ∆xij
x IJ
\9: ;1& & D ( x IJ i + < ! B. j + < 0B. D$/ %&
n −1
∆ X = ∑ψ i ,i +1 Li ,i +1 sin θ i ,i +1
i =1
\9: ;1& & D ( x IJ i + < ! B. j + < 0B. D$/ %&
n −1
∆ y = ∑ −ψ i ,i +1 Li ,i +1 Cosθ i ,i +1
i =1
∆ x = 3 y @"/ lHV L@F& 3 9,T l@1a/
∆ y = 3 x @"/ lHV L@F& 3 9,T l@1a/
LCD
∆x D A = 0 L ABψ AB − LCDψ CD = 0 ⇒ ψ AB = ψ CD
L AB
∆y D A = 0 LBCψ BC = 0 ⇒ ψ BC = 0

Z : ψ AB = ψ **
∆ x D A = ψL AB Sinθ 1 − ψ CD LCD Sinθ 2 = 0

L AB Sinθ 1
⇒ ψ CD = ψ
LCD Sinθ 2
∆ y D A = 0 ⇒ ψL AB Cosθ 1 + ψ BC LBC + ψ CD LCD Cosθ 2 = 0
⇒ ψ BC = ψ L V OGLJ 8 cd
(0@T[ ) :;
∆ = ψL AB Cos (π 2 − θ1 ) ⇒
∆ = ψL AB Sinθ1
∆ = ψ CD LCD Sinθ 2
ψ . L AB Sinθ 1 = ψ CD LCD Sinθ 2
L Sinθ1
ψ CD = AB ψ
LCD Sinθ 2
x1 + x 2 ψ .L AB Cosθ1 + ψ CD LCD Cosθ 2

ψ BC = =
LBC LBC
:U
m = \9: &
0B. 0LaJ V !A 0[* J &
Z 7L < 0/ = gQ / I
.@ #T !/ n h* L 75A 0/
n〉m

S3 6/ d .T \9: & D m !A 7 !/ ! L '/ & MOT 8 k6LI
.3 / ! 0BJ U*6 +55A gQ /
:UK/
∆y (1− 6) = 0
10ψ ( 2 −5) = 0 ⇒ ψ 25 = 0
.@ 762 !R* >L ! + l !R* >L 8 L 3!*,T m1
.@ !6@ +<!$& ! +<!$& 8 L 3!*,T m2
∆x 2 2 = 0 ⇒ 10ψ 23 − 10ψ 45 = 0 ⇒ ψ 23 = ψ 45
∆y 2 2 = 0 ⇒ 10ψ 34 − 10ψ 25 = 0 ⇒ ψ 34 = ψ 25
ψ 25 = 0, ψ 34 = 0, ψ 23 = ψ 45
! 0BJ U*6 +8 #1 @6
.5A gQ / +8 0BJ U*6 8 !J (1
..L@5 0BJ U*6 V +55A gQ / 3 6/ d .T \9: !,A & D (2
.5A .T \9: ;1& < 3 G5 (3
..L@5 '/ \9: ;1& (4
..L@5 +8 3+ < G5 U& '/ (5
.3 #$ & '/ (6

.5A LGLJ 4 '/ 8 6,5 '/ (7
( 3 ψ 3 θ ) .5A $& 7 !,T / !/ +G6 (8
.5A !B"/ 0LI6 3 G5 3 4 '/ 3 ψ 3 θ '/ (9
. $ !6 L ; %& #$ @1 5A 7 0 0 12 G5 @1 (10
:UK/
. @,R/ L8 #X +8
8 !J & (1
& D L 3 ψ & (2
:U
(1) 8 !J = 2
∆x AE = 0 20ψ Ab + 10ψ BC − 10ψ CD − 20ψ DE = 0 ⇒

( 2):  ⇒
∆y AE = 0 0 + 20ψ BC + 20ψ CD + 0 = 0
2ψ AB + ψ BC − ψ CD − 2ψ DE = 0 2ψ AB − 2ψ CD − 2ψ DE = 0 ⇒
 ⇒
ψ BC = −ψ CD −ψ AB + ψ CD + ψ DE = 0
ψ DE = ψ 1
ψ CD = ψ 2 ⇒ ψ AB = ψ 1 + ψ 2
ψ BC = −ψ 2
:;

A′B ′ 2∆1 tan α ∆ ∆

ψ AB = = =− 1 = 1
L AB L AB L AB 20
B ′C ′ ∆1
ψ BC = = = −ψ 2
LBC cos αLBC
D′E ′
ψ DE = =ψ1
LDE
x
= tan α
∆1
C ′D′ − ∆1
x = ∆1 tan α ψ CD = =
LCD cos αLC
D
< G5 (3
@9: @1: _ 3 :!6$
L2
wCos 2α × 2
wLCosα Cos 2α ⇒ M F = wL
= wCos 2α MF =
L / Cosα 12 12
.7L G = W IJ @1: IJ L !A ;8 )* . L@F& ! ;8 05L
+8 + 2n !B"/ '/ 8 +6
F F F F
M AB = −20T .m, M BA = 20T .m , M BC = −5T .m , M CB = 5T .m
F F F F
M CD = M DC = M DE = M ED =0
2 EI
M AB = (θ B − 3Cψ 1 −ψ 2 ) − 20 =
L
EI 6 EI 6
θB − ψ 1 − EIψ 2 − 20 = 0.1EIθ B − 0.3ψ 1 − 0.3ψ 2 − 20
10 20 20
2 EI
M BA = (2θ B − 3Cψ 1 −ψ 2 ) + 20 =
L
EI 6 EI 6 EI
θB − ψ1 − EIψ 2 + 20 = 0.2θ B − 0.3ψ 1 − 0.3EIψ 2 + 20
5 20 20
4 EI
M BC = (2θ B + θ C + 3Cψ 2 ) − 5 = 0.8 EIθ B + 0.4 EIθ C + 1.2 EI 4 − 5
L

4 EI
M CB = (2θ C + θ B + 3ψ 2 ) + 5 = 0.4 EIθ B + 0.8 EIθ C + 1.2 EIψ 1 + 5
L
4 EI
M CD = (2θ C + θ D − 3ψ 1 ) = 0.8 EIθ C + 0.4 EIθ D − 1.2ψ 1EI
L
4 EI
M = (2θ + θ − 3ψ ) = 0.4 EIθ + 0.8 EIθ − 1.2ψ EI
DC L D C 1 C D 1
2 EI 6 EI
M DE = (2θ D + θ E − 3ψ 2 ) = 0.2 EIθ D + 0.1EIθ C − ψ 2 , θC = 0
L 20
2 EI 6 EI
M ED = (2θ E + θ D − 3ψ 2 ) = 0.1EIθ D − ψ2
L 20
.7.L@ 0/ 3+ < U& '/
mBA + M BC = 0 ⇒ EIθ B + 0.4 EIθ C + 0.9 EIψ 1 − 0.3EIψ 2 + 15 = 0
M CB + M CD = 0 ⇒ 0.4 EIθ B + 1.6 EIθ C + 0.4 EIψ D + 5 = 0
M DC + M DE = 0 ⇒ 0.4 EIθ C + EIθ D − 1.2 EIψ 1 − 1.2 EIψ 1 − 0.3EIψ 2 = 0
: '/
∑M O = 0 ⇒ M BA + M CD + VBAd1 − VCD d 2 + 6d1 / 2 = 0
O ∑M O' = 0 ⇒ M CB + M D E + VCB d1 − VDE d 2 = 0
C C
: 73 @2 O’CD OBD o,K/ ! & 8
d’1
OB CD ' d 10
= ⇒ 1 = ⇒ OB = 20 = d 1 = d 2
BD DD' 40 20
B D D
’ : V BA ,VCD ,VCB , VDE I !p
20 20
cm cm VBA =
M AB + M BA (20 × 0.6)
+
LAB = 20 2
M CD + M DC
VCD = −( )
LCD = 22.36
M BC + M CB (10 × 0.6 × sin θ1 )
VCB = −( )+
LCD = 22.36 2
M DE + M ED
VDE = ( )
LCD = 20

S S 'S/ 8 SGL !S/ θ .ST 3 G5 L*/ D '/ I OGLJ
3 θ L*/ (U@Ia/ b5d !/ 5)!/ q `,B !/ ! #T !p qrq/ 3 θ .T
.5L 0/ 3 G5
O’
:UK/
.L S AB , C AB , m AB
F
*/ ) 8 +6

.@ Ld )* @& 0/ 05L 8 !J >L +8
: < 3 G5
F F
M AC = M CB = −5T .m
F F
M CA = M BC = 5T .m
'/
4 EI 2 EI
M AC = −5 + (0 + θ C − 3ψ ) M CB = −5 + (2θ C + 3ψ )
4 4
4 EI 2 EI
M CA = 5+ (2θ C − 3ψ ) M BC = 5+ (θ C + 3ψ )
4 4
:U& '/
M CA + M CB = 0 ⇒ 3EIθ C − 1.5 EIψ = 0 I

VCA + VCB = 0 ⇒
− 0.395εIθ C − 2.25 EIψ = −10 II
 M CA + M AC
VCA = 4
+5

V = 5 − M CB + M BC
 CB 4
8 I , II ⇒
EIθ C = −2.951
EIψ = 4.103 ⇒ M AB
F
= −19.35
.75A #,"& L8 +8 L D
4 EI
S AC = (2 + θ C − 3ψ )
4
4 EI
M CA = (1 + 2θ C − 3ψ )
4

2 EI
M CB = (2θ C + 3ψ )
4
2 EI
M CB = (θ C + 3ψ )
4
EI + 3EIθ C − 15
. EIψ = 0
0.95EI + 0.395EIθ C − 2.25EIψ = 0
EIθ C = −0.182 EI , EIψ = 0.303EI

⇒ S AB = 0.909 EI , C AB S AB = 0.364 → C AB = 0.4
+82 !B"/ !/ 8 +6
θB = 0
wL2 wL2
MB = M BA = −
8 8
F 2 EI
M BA = M BA + (2θ B + θ A − 3ψ AB )
L/2
wL2 4 EI 12 EI
M BA = + θA − ψ AB
48 L L
wL2 2 EI 12 EI
0 = M AB = − + θA − ψ AB
48 L L
∆ − ∆A SWL4
ψ AB = B ∆B =
L2 384 EI

G5 WL8@&
'/*/
Sij :0 06Qm1

. 8 + < T D aL IJ ;8 G5
.L 0/ 'B"/ 8 L UJ 8 @ 5/ _ 9:
4 EI
Sij=Sji= : ./ @ 5/ WR*/
L
G5 U*6 L Vm2
m1 m2
1
Cij=Cji= :@ 5/ 9:
2
Cji ≠ Cij :@ 5/ _
m2
= Cij
m1
0B. 06Qm3
I 4 EI
0 A 75A .T K = < (D@ < ,: !) 75A !B"/ @9: 3 73 @Q !$5L
L L
.
M 1
M2i
2
Mni
θ
θ θ
n θ θ
3
M3i
Mji j G5 WL8@& L Vm4

n
M = ∑ M ij
j =1
M i1 = S i 1θ
M i 2 = S i 2θ
M i 3 = S i 3θ
S ij
M1 DijF =
θ= n
∑S
n
∑S
i =1
ij i =1
ij
.B/ D.F=0 < 3< !X& D.F=1 `LI6 `3< !X& #/
. G5 WL8@& ;< ! ;<

.5A !B"/ < 3 G5m1
Pab 2
FEM =
L2
WL 2
FEM =
12
.5A !B"/ + < 3 U6/ 3 G5m2
.5A .T + < 3 +55A U6/ 3 G5m3
.5A .T !6 L D 3 + < ! !6 L U*6 3 G5m4
.5A .T !6 L U*6L3 G5 8 0 U6/ 3 G5m5
.@ >?@A +55A U6/ 3 G5 L*/ !A 3 !/ a & #$ L L 3 !,T / !m6
5A W1J 73 s,6Q/ #T / 0LI6 3 G5 L*/m7
:UK/
. G5 WL8@& ! L8 #X & `3< !G& 3 G5 !B"/ @,R/
A B C
I 2I 2I D

joint A B C D
member AB BA BC CB CD DC
0B. 06Q I/10 I/10 I/5 I/5 I/5 I/5
D.F 0 1/3 2/3 1/2 1/2 1
FEM -12.5 12.5 -18.75 18.75 -18.75 18.75
BAL 0 2.08 4.17 0 0 -18.75
C.O 1.04 0 0 2.08 -9.37 0
BA 0 0 0 3.64 3.64 0
C.O 0 0 1.82 0 0 1.82
BA 0 -0.6 -1.21 0 0 -1.82
C.O -0.3 0 0 -0.6 -0.9 0
BA 0 0 0 0.75 0.75 0
∑ =M -11.76 13.98 -13.98 24.63 -24.63 0
( M ij − M ijF ) 0.74 1.48 4.77 5.86 -5.86 -18.75
∆ 0.39 0.74 2.39 2.93 -2.93 -9.38
= ( M ji − M ijiF ) 0 1.11 1.84 3.47 3.52 -15.82
2
0 11.1 9.2 17.35 17.6 -79.1
EIθ
G5 WL8@& U 65A

sQ/ /H: ./ + < 3 Y? 3 G5 m1
m2
3EIθ i
= ( M ij − M ijF ) − 0.5( M ji − M Fji )
L
3EIθ J
= ( M ji − M Fji ) − 0.5( M ij − M ijF )
L
+6 D @6/ & U 65A I 8 !A 7L θ L L +8 ; %& 05"5/ !6< < **
. A
.@ U 65A . ;8 '@ L _ A U 65A !,-./ L + !6< !,-./ !A 0&@ **
(!6 L u3A) + tH 06Q

@ / sL & L8 '@F + tH 06Q 7 !6 #F/ D I6 >L !A @9: >L

θ
Sij
C ' ij = 0 T L >L I6 T +8 !@9: D IJ ;8 G5Sij

3EI
(0,A T ) @ 5/ _ 9: S ' ij = @ 5/ 9:
4L
S ' ij = (1 − C ij C ji ) S ij
S’ij Sij CijSij CjiSjiθ Sjiθ
:UK/
. G5 WL8@& ! M-dia , S-D 7 & @,R/
.@ +6 !6 L u3p `6Q 8 CD !3
3 2I
′ =
sCD × = 0.15 I
A 4 10
B
2I D
C

Joint A B C D E
Member AB BA BC CB CD CE DC EC
S’LS 0.15I 0.15I 0.15I 0.15I 0.15I 0.075I 0.15 I 0.075I
D.F 0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 1 0
FEM 0 0 -5 5 -4.167 3 4.167 -3
BA 0 2.5 2.5 -1.53 -1.53 -0.77 -4.167 0
CO 1.25 0 -0.76 1.25 -2.08 0 0 -0.38
BA 0 0.38 0.38 0.33 0.33 0.167 0 0
CO 0.19 0 0.16 0.19 0 0 0 0.083
BA 0 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.04 0 0
CO -0.040 0 -0.040 -0.04 0 0 0 -0.02
BA 0 0.02 0.02 0.016 0.016 0.008 0 0
1.41 2.78 -2.78 5.14
M -7.51 2.37 0 -3.28
0 28.13 28.13 -12.65
EIθ -12.65 -12.65 -24.95 0
2.7
8
2.7 7.5
8
M- S-
DIA DIA

:UK/
u3p `6Q 8 CD !3 . G5 WL8@& ! L8 #X & `3< !G& 3 G5 !B"/ @,R/
.5p +6 !6 L
A B C
I 2I 2I D
3 2I
′ =
sCD × = 0.15 I
4 10
joint A B C D
member AB BA BC CB CD DC
0B. 06Q I/10 I/10 I/5 I/5 6I/40 6I/40
D.F 0 1/3 2/3 0.57 0.43 1
FEM -12.5 12.5 -18.75 18.75 -18.75 18.75
BAL 0 2.08 4.17 0 0 -18.75
C.O 1.04 0 0 2.08 -9.37 0
BA 0 0 0 4.15 3.13 0
C.O 0 0 2.08 0 0 0
BA 0 -0.69 -1.39 0 0 0
C.O -0.34 0 0 -0.7 0 0
BA 0 0 0 0.4 0.3 0
∑ =M -11.8 13.89 -13.89 24.68 -24.68 0
G5 WL8@& ! 03< !$& . ( "& +8
2 EI
mij = mijF + (2θi + θj − 3Ψ )
L
2 EI 3∆
mijF = ( )
L L
M ijF
M Fji

j+< !$& . ( 0LI6 3 G5 i!R* D ( 0LI6 3 G5
− 6 EI∆ − 6 EIΨ 4 EIθ
mijF = = mijF =
L2 L L
− 6 EI∆ 2 EIθ
m Fji = m Fji =
L2 L
G5 WL8@& ! 0BJ U*6 3 +8
0BJ U*6 8 !J >L +8 ms
0BJ U*6 D +8 ! +8 03< !$& !v/ >L !B& m1
.5A #LB&
R0 5A 0J2 3 ( "& (0 )+1 +8m2
.5A !B"/ + ! V 03< !$& #1 c$: */m3
‫ز‬ c$: IJ #"/ !6 ( 0)+8 8 0J2 m4

(0)
L 5A ! V +8 ! ;@,/ . >L + ! V #1
R1 .5A 1() +1 +8 7/ 0/( 1 )+1 +8 +8
. 5A .T ! V +< !$& #1 c$:m5
R0
‫ز‬ .L B = − !R 8 B */ m6
R1
(1)
0, +8 = B * ( 1)+8 + (0 )+8 m7

0BJ U*6 8 !J n +8 m
.5A #LB&( 0 )+8 0BJ U*6 D +8 ! +8 +< !$& n D A ! V m1
5A 0J2 3 ( "& 0 +8 m2
5A .T + ! V 3 +< !$& #1 c$:m3
R0n i +1 +< !$& #"/ !6 +8 0J2 m4
L ( "& +8 5A aL D$/ %& / */ >L
5A D$/ %&
5p .T +8 #1 cX:m5

ROn
ROi
RO4
RO3
RO2
RO1
‫ز‬
(0) R1n R2n
R1i R2i
R14 R24
R13 R23
R12 R22
R11 R21
‫ز‬
‫ز‬
(1)
(2)

5A #T L8 '/ +G6 mm6
 R1 + α1 R11 + α 2 R21 + ..... + α i Ri1 + ..... + α n Rn1 = 0

 R + α R + α R + ..... + α R + ..... + α R 2 = 0.
 02 1 12 2 22 i i2 n n
.

.

 R0i + α1 R1i + α 2 R2i + ..... + α i R1i + ..... + α n Rni = 0
.

.
 R + α R + α R + ..... + α R + ..... + α R = 0
 0n 1 1n 2 2n i in n n
L L8 !R 8 0LI @Jm7

0, +8=(0+8)+ α1(1+8)+ . . . + αi(i+8)+ . . . + αn(n +8)

D*6/ I #,"&

D*6/ 053 = 8 +8 @2 !A L U h
:D*6/ +8
D*6/ 73 +8 O<
(θc)+8 #X %& `5"5/ (Vc) ` q.D*6/ I !,p
. ./ D*& @"/ #"/
O<
:D*6/ V +8
Z@: D*& M [ >L 3 /H: !A D*6/ O< >L
.@ / D*6/ V O< ! #LB& @
5y13 M ` 12 G5 P @"/ . D*6/ V I !,p
.B/ ./ D*& @"/ #"/ +8 #X %&
D*& @"/ D*& @"/
D*6/ +8 D*6/ d +8

5p p T @6/ y IJ ./ U*6 z
D*6/ T

:U T
!A 0 A T L D*& @"/ M [ 9: 8 >/ $y3
. A E"F& D*& @"/ ! + 9: 0LI6 )L L 0 @ +8 sF
@"/ @1: 0*6 A T D #*/ 06.L @ / 762 D*& @"/ ! !A 0L9: 0LI6 h*
(0, +8 iB[) @ WR D*&
L 0/ L8 '@ ! #B +8 UK/ D @5: !
:; T
+ A ) D*& @"/ !A @J +8 8 0L9:
Mij Mji= - Mij
2 EI 2 EIθ 4 EI
M ij = (2θ − θ ) = K ij = S ij =
L L L
mij 2 EI
K ' ij = S ' ij = = ⇒ K ' ij = 0.5 K ij
θ L

:D*6/ V T
:U T
#"/ 5A WR D*& @"/ 0L9: <
D*& @"/ iBR5/ @9: < dif=0WR
0 A +8 sF 06.L
( IA)@9: 'FQ / L 9: L
A sF
:; T
@ / 762 D*& @"/ ! I I6 !A 0L9:
@ #LB& >R,_ ! L + sF +8 9: L
L D*& @"/ @1: >R,_ AT IJ
:;@ T
75A 0/ +6 L8 '@F + tH 06Q 8 9: L 55A WR D*& @"/ !A 0L9:
Mij Mji
2 EI 6 EIθ
mij = (2θ + θ ) =
L L
K ' ij = S ' ij = 1.5K ij
I/2 I/2
I/2 I/2

:UK/
P/2
P A P
P A/2
P/2
! cd 8 !J >L +8 7L @"/ #$ %& D@? 7L < 0/ = @"/ U@[ %&
. < 01 #T 0A
.75A 0/ +6 D D*& T 8 75A 0/ sF +8 ; cd D*6/ 73 8 +8
P
B
P
× 3 + M BA − 4 F = 0 ⇒ M BA = 4 F − 1.5 P
2
A C
2 EI
M BA = (2θ B + θ A − 3Ψ )
L
2 EI
M AB = (2θ A + θ B − 3Ψ ) ⇒ 2θ A = 3Ψ P/2 P/2
L
− 2 EIθ A
M BA =
L
AE AE
F= ∆⇒F = × 1.5∆ = 0.25 AE∆
L 6
∆
Ψ = ⇒ ∆ = 3Ψ ⇒ F = 0.75 EAΨ
3
− 2 EI 2θ
θ A = 3EA A − 1.5 P = 0 ⇒ θ A =
L 3
@ / ;@,/ M .F .ψ OGLJ 8 cd
P/2
F
MBA
4
P/2

0A
: L"/
3 +6 # 73 @1: 9: 3 +8 L )* 0BJ U*6 3 +8
. A # L !6 0BJ U*6 !A +8 l@
`R2 '/ +G6 #T : $&

4x+y+z+t=13
x+5y+2z+t=21
2x+y+8z+t=26
x+y+z+5t=26
.7.L@ 0/ 6 L V !A 0@Ia/ D 3 6/ d 0/1&
I) x=1/4(13-y-z-t)
II) y=1/5(21-x-2z-t)
III) z=1/8(32-2x-y-t)
IV) t=1/5(26-x-y-z)
1 2 3 4 … 13 14 15
x 3.29 -0.1 1.79 0.5 … 1.01 0.99 1.0
y 4.2 0.91 2.83 1.49 … 2.01 1.99 2.0
z 4 2.91 3.55 2.62 … 3.01 3 3.0
t 5.2 2.91 4.64 3.57 … 4.01 3.99 4.0
: UJ @/ EV@&

.L 0/ ! IV & I '/ 1 x=O , y=0 , z=0 D U #X
:UK/ D @5: !

13
y = 0, z = 0 in I⇒X = = 3.25
4
.73 0/ U #$ L*/ ; #$ UT
1 1
IJ x = [13- 4.2- 5 - 5.2]= -0.1 y = [21- 3.25- 2 × 4 - 5.2]= 0.91
4 5
.75X/ +6 2 !,T / bL6 8 3 !,T /
. < ? ; (i-1) ; i X& @J MH62 !p @1 WR D @6/ `6 X& ',1:
@ / +6 U@Ia/ 3 IJ +/ L*/ L 2 8 L :;
#B !,-./ #T
1 2 3 4 5
x 3.25 0.86 0.92 0.99 1.0
y 3.55 2.27 1.99 1.99 2.0
z 2.74 3.09 3.03 3 3.0
t 3.29 3.96 4.01 4 4.0
1 1
x1 = [13- 0 - 0 - 0] = 3.25 y1 = [21- 3.25- 0 - 0] = 3.55
4 5
1
x2 = [13- 3.55- 2 × 2.74- 3.29]= 0.86
4
. < ? ; (i-1) ; i X& @J MH62 !p @1 WR D @6/ `6 X& ',1:
@ 5/ 9: I IJ 0BJ U*6 D I 0A
@ 5/ 9: )*
M ij = M ijF + 2 EK ij (2θ i + θ j )
I ij
K ij =
Lij
M ' ij = i I6 D 8 0 G5 7I

M ' ij = 4 EK ijθ i ⇒ M ' ij = 2 EK ijθ i
M ' ji = jI6 D 8 0 G5 7I M ' ji = 2 EK jiθ j
M ij = M ijF + 2M 'ij + M ' ji

M ji = M Fji + 2M ' ji + M 'i j
: i + < G5 U& !/
∑M
j
ij =0
∑ (M
j
F
ij + 2 M 'ij + M ' ji ) = 0
∑M
j
F
ij + 2∑ M 'i j + ∑ M ′ji = 0
j j
1
∑M '
ij =
2
(−∑ M ijF − ∑ M ' ji )
j j
+ < A 16/ G5 ! V ! < 3 G5 l@1a/

M i = ∑ M ijF
j
∑M
j
'
ij = −0.5( M i + ∑ M ' ji )
j
K ij
M ' ij = × ∑ M ' ij
∑K ij − 0. 5
K ij
= U*6 L V
j
∑K ij
K ij
M ' ij = −0.5 [ M i + ∑ M ' ji ]
∑K j
ij j
Rolation Factor 0 L V
:`,p U@/
1 Ki j
K ij = −
2 ∑ K ij
j
M '
ij = K i j [ M i + ∑ M ' ji ]
j
+ < q < 3 G5 l@1a/ `5L

0A IJ ;< ! ;< #T /

.L1 !B"/ < 3 G5 m1
.5A .T +55A U6/ G5 */ I3 < ;1& m2
Mi = ∑ M F
ij
j
.5A !B"/ 9: ;1& 0 e V L*/m3

1 K ij
K ij = −
2 ∑ K ij
j
.3 #$ & L8 '/m4

M ' ij = K ij [ M i + ∑ M ′ji ]
j
.5A #T X& ! {@ +G6m5

.L 0LI6 3 G5 L8 !/ 8 +6 m6
M ij = M ijF + 2M 'ij + M ′ji
:UK/
.`p ! L8 #X @,R/
;1& D.$L 3 06Q 3 D@? 0BJ U*6 +8 0 U*6 !J 3+8 W
D*6/ M [ )L
J L J K
2I K 2I 2I
2I 2I 2I
G 3I H 3I I G H
3I
3I
3I 3I 3I
D 4I F D E
E 4I 4I
4I 4I 4I 4I
A B C A
75A 0/ O< D*& !a6 8 #T +8 UT

M KjF = − M FjK = 6t.m

F F
M HG = − M GH = 9t.m
F F
M ED = − M DE = 1.2t.m
F F F F
M AD = M DA = M GJ = M JG =0
M D = −1.2t.m
M G = −9t.m
M J = −6t.m
!B"/ . ;8 h* L Mi cd D@ < ,: ! A,K,H,E h* M 'ij D@? a5L
@
S:
4I 4I 3I
SAD = =I S DE = = 0.667 I S DG = = 0.75 I
4 6 4
−1 I
K DA = = 0.207
2 I + 0.667 I + 0.75 I
−1 0.75I
K DG = = 0.156
2 I + 0.667 I + 0.75 I
−1 0.667 I
K DE = = 0.138
2 I + 0.667 I + 0.75 I
1
K ji + K ij = − :I3 < ;1&
2
K JK = −0.167 K JG = −0.333 K GJ = −0.174
K GH = −0.13 K GD = −0.156 K DG = −0.155
K DE = −0.138 K DA = −0.207
M ' JK = −0.167(−6 + 0 + m 'GJ )

M ' JG = −0.333(−6 + M 'GJ )
M ' GJ = −0.174(−9 + M ' JG + M ' DG + 0)
M ' GH = −0.13(−9 + M ' JG + M ' DG )
M ' GD = −0.156(−9 + M ' JG + M ' DG )
M ' DG = −0.155(−12 + M 'GD + 0 + 0)
M ' DE = −0.138(−12 + M 'GD )
M ' DA = −0.207(−12 + M 'GD )

75A 0/ #T '/ X& ! UT
#$
1 2 3 4 5
#B )
'
M JK 1.00 0.799 0.835 0.888 0.838
'
M JG 2.00 1.592 1.664 1.671 1.671
'
M GJ 1.218 1.002 0.983 0.982 0.981
'
M GH 0.910 0.749 0.735 0.733 0.733
'
M GD 1.372 1.129 1.108 1.106 1.105
'
M DG 1.647 1.685 1.688 1.689 1.689
'
M DE 1.467 1.500 1.503 1.503 1.504
'
M DA 2.200 2.250 2.255 2.255 2.255
: !J@&
. G/ WR 5 #X 'q,1: O MH62 73 `1p +8 ! L*/ GL `&B: ! 7p 5 4 #X '&
:!6X
'
.B/ M =o
ij #/p < h*
.73/ +6 @/ #X / ! D */ !p & & ! U #X 7L !p L*/ UJ
F ' '
M JK = M JK + 2 M JK + M KJ
⇒ M JK = −4.324
F '
M KJ = M KJ + M JK = 6.838
F ' '
M JG = M JG + 2 M JG + M GJ = 4.323
M GJ = 3.633 M GH = −7.534 M HG = 9.733
M GD = 3.899 M DG = 4.483 M DE = −8.992
M ED = 13.504 M DA = 4.51 M AD = 2.255

: 1 + FB&
#F/ I6 <
1
M ijF = M ijF − M Fji
2
+6 + tH 06Q 8 5y13 @ / +6 + tH < G5 8 : < G5 a
@ /
'
M Fji = 0
3
K ij' = 0.75K ij =
K ij
4
+ tH 06Q 8 5A WR D*& @"/ @9: >L D*6/ O< D*6/ +8 < : 2 + FB&
1
K ij' = K ij 7L < 0/ M 'ji 7I @ / +6
2
: 3 + FB&
7L < 0/ M 'ji 7I 5A WR D*& @"/ @9: >L D*6/ O< 0 D*6/ +8 <
K ij' = 1.5 K ij
0BJ U*6 /6/ I 0A

∆ ij
M ij = M ijF + 2 EK ij (2θ i + θ j − 3Ψ ) , Ψ=
Lij
M ij' = 2 EK ijθ i , M 'ji = 2 EK jiθ j

M ij′′ = −6 EK ij Ψij
M ij = M ijF + 2 M ij′ + M ′ji + M ij′′'

G5 U& !/
∑M
j
ij = 0 ⇒ ∑ M ijF + 2∑ M ij' + ∑ ( M 'ji + M ij'' ) = 0
j j
 
∑M = −1 / 2 ∑ M ijF + ∑ ( M 'ji + M ij'' )
'
ij
 j j 
M i = ∑ M ij
F
1
⇒ ∑ M ij = − ∑ M i + ∑ ( M 'ji + M ij'' )
j 2 j
K ij  
M ij' = ∑M '
⇒ M ij' = K ij  M i + ∑ ( M 'ji + M ij'' )
∑K
ij
ij  j 
+ < )* 0BJ !A 0&@ 0 '/
:!6$
D.$L '*B[ D@6 l& !A 0/8 #*/ I@/ 0A
n +1 !*B[ 0 =Vn
!*B[ I@6 & =r
Vn = ∑ Vij
r
Mji
Vij
; n !*B[ l&
; n !*B[Vij Vji
Mij
M ij + M ji
Vij = *
hn

:!J@&
{ {@ U@/ & D.$L !*B[ I@6 ;1& l& +@ 73 @1: 9: L 0A
M ij = M ijF + 2 M ij' + M ij' + M ij''
M ji = M Fji + 2M 'ji + M 'ji + M ij''
M ij' = M 'ji' *
1
Vij =
hn
[
M ijF + M Fji + 3M ij' + 3M 'ji + 3M ij'' ]
** in * ***
!p ` IJ L ) */ L ! 13
.( + < )* `BJ 3
*** in Vn = ∑ Vij ⇒ Vn = ∑ Vij = ∑ ( M ijF + M Fji ) + 3∑ M ij' + 3∑ M ′ji + ∑ M ij′′

r r r r r r
* 1 1 3
⇒ ∑ M ij'' = Vn hn − ∑ ( M ijF + M Fji ) − ∑ ( M ij' + M 'ji )
r 2 2 r 2
3 1 1 
= − − Vn hn + ∑ ( M ijF + M Fji ) + ∑ ( M ij' + M 'ji )
2 3 3 r r 
1
75X/ Z
M rF = ∑
3 r
( M ijF + M Fji )
@J !*B[ >L !p I@6 Ld < 3 G5 W1J
1
M r = − Vn hn
3
75X/ Z
3 
∑M
r
''
ij = −  M r + M rF + ∑ ( M ij' + M 'ji )
2 r 
`3< !X& . 8 ` G5
; n !*B[ I@6
mij' mij'' mij'' mij''

∆ ij
M ij'' = 6 EK ij
Lij
. 0G6. 3 K ij ! 3 M ij'' L 5 ( I@6 ;1& E , ∆.L L*/
K ij
M ij'' = ∑M ''
∑K
ij
ij r
r
− 3K ij  
⇒ M ij'' =  M r + M rF + ∑ ( M ij' + M 'ji )
2∑ K ij  r 
r
1 1
M rF =
3
∑ ( M ijF + M Fji ), M r = − Vn hn , Vn = ∑ Vij
3 r
displacement factor (Dij) :0LaJ L V
!*B[ 3
3 K ij
Dij = −
2 ∑ K ij
r
 
M ij'' = Dij  M r + M rF + ∑ ( M ij' + M 'ji )
 r 
D.$L !*B[ 3 I@6 l& @ + < /6/ D 9: !A 0 IJ !/
.
75X/ Z M ij''
!*B[5
''
M 5ij

`BT U*6 I ;< ! ;<
L 9: ;1& < 3 G5m1

5A .T U6/ G5 3 + < ;1& m2
5A .T M rF */ !*B[ 3 m3
1
M rF = ∑ ( M ijF + M Fji )
3 r
+ < 0BJ 06
D @9: 0BJ < 06T
@ M rF & 75A 0/
.5A .T !*B[ 3 0BJ 3 8 0 #A G5m4

+)
1
M r = Vn hn `BT 3
3 -)
(
Vn = = @/ !*B[ `* 3 ;1& W1J
.5A .T 0 e Vm5

1 K ij
K ij = −
2 ∑ K ij
j
.5A .T 0LaJ e V L*/m6

K ij
Dij = −1.5
∑K
r
ij
.3 #$ & L8 '/ +G6m7

 
M ij' = K ij  M i + ∑ ( M 'ji + M ij'' )
 j 
 
M ij'' = Dij  M r + M rF + ∑ ( M ij' + M 'ji )
 r 
.5A #T +G6 X& !m8
.L 0LI6 3 G5m9
M ij = M ijF + 2 M ij' + M 'ji + M ij''

:U !*B[ ./ I@6 IJ !TH

@ / +6 !TH 8 /8 ,: ! U !*B[ a D162 '*B[ I@6 l& "@1/
Vn = ∑ Vij
r
1
Vij = ( M ij + M ji )
hij
S.C
1 F
(I) Vij =
hij
[
mij + m Fji + 3mij' 3m 'ji + 2mij′′ ]
hn' = 75A 0/ Q6 WJ / D@6 l& D @5 U !*B[ I@6 8 0$L l& L + @Q @/
hn' h′
Cij = ⇒ hij = n ( II )
hij Cij
: ( II) (I) OGLJ
Cij
Vij =
h'
[M F
ij + M Fji + 3M ij' + 3M 'ji + 2 M ij′′ ]
n
1  
'  ∑ ij
Vn = C ( M ijF + M Fji ) + 3∑ Cij ( M ij' + M 'ji ) + 2∑ Cij M ij'' 
hn  r r r 
⇒ Vn hn = ∑ Cij + ( M ij + M ji ) + 3∑ Cij ( M ij + M ji ) + 2∑ Cij M ij''
' F F ' '
r r r
3 1 1 
∑C M
r
ij
''
ij = − − Vn hn' + ∑ Cij ( M ijF + M Fji ) + ∑ Cij ( M ij' + M 'ji )
2 3 3 r r 
1
M r = − Vn hn'
3
M r = 1 / 3∑ Cij ( M ijF + M Fji )
F
3 
∑C M
r
ij
''
ij = −  M r + M rF + ∑ Cij ( M ij' + M 'ji )
2 r 
75A .T 9: >& >& L 7L l@1a/ UT

K ij
M ij'' = 6 EK ij (I)
Lij
hn' h'
= Cij , Lij = n (II)
Lij Cij
Cij ∆ ij (II) OGLJ
⇒ M ij'' = −6 EK ij
− hn'
( I@6 ;1& "1J ∆ ij , E , hn'
⇒ M ij'' α K ij Cij
Cij mij'' α Cij'' K ij
:7L (I) !/ L 5
2
Cij K ij
Cij M ij'' = ∑C M ''
∑C
2 ij ij
ij K ij r
r
: C ij 7.*& [
Cij K ij
M ij'' = ∑C M ''
∑C
2 ij ij
ij K ij r
r
3 Cij K ij  ' 
⇒ M ij'' = −  M r + M r + ∑ Cij ( M ij + M ji )
F '
2 ∑ Cij 2 K ij  r 
r
3 Cij K ij
Dij = −
2 ∑ Cij 2 K ij L D@6 3
r
7L Dji
 
M ij'' = Dij  M r + M rF + ∑ Cij ( M ij' + M 'ji )
 r  `,p U@/
'
h
Cij = n
Lij 5B/ D@6 l&
< U !*B[ I@6 !A } L {@ )
( #F6/ +< !$& ! !A 0LI6 )#F/ I6 I@6 !TH
@ / ~L@& < I6 !A U/ D@6 >L #F/ I6 D@6 T L

I
L I’ L’
:0A D@6 D@ U/ h
0$L L D@6 0 06Qm1

K
K’
K = K'
4 EI '
K' =
L'
I
K=
L
;8 ./ I6 06Q D@6 ./ 0LaJ aL 06.Lm2
6 EK∆
L

U h 0 m1
3EI 4 EI ' I' I
= ' ⇒ ' = 0.75
L L L L
(I)
; h 0 m2
6 EI ' ∆
(b) ⇒ M '' = 2
L'
2 EI 3∆ 3∆
(a) ⇒ M 21 = 0 = (2θ 2 + 0 + ) ⇒ θ 2 =
L L 2L
2 EI 3∆ 2 EI 3∆ 3∆
M '' = (θ 2 − ) ⇒ M '' = ( − )
L 2 L 2L L
3EI∆
⇒ M '' = ( III )
L2
6 EI ' ∆ 3EI∆
II , I ⇒ = 2
L'2 L
' '
2I I I I
⇒ ' 2 = 2 ⇒ ' 2 = 0.5 2 ( IV )
L L L L
'
I I
'
= K ', = K
L L
'
K = 0.75 K
K' K
'
= 0.5
L L
0.75 L
(V ) in(VI ) ⇒ L' = ⇒ L' = 1.5 L (VII )
0.5
I' L'
(VII ) in I ⇒ = 0.75 = 0.75 × 1.5 = 1.125
I L
⇒ I ' = 1.125 I
I 0,B U@[ 1.5 D U@[ D@? 73 0/ < I6 D@6 #F/ I6 D@6 a L 5
G5 !B"/ D@6 L 8 cd 0 75A 0/ +8 L cj B/ 0,B I 1.125 D
.73 + < D@6 Ld #F/ */ bL6 06.L Ld

< ! #F/ I6 #LB& )L
I ' = 1.125 I
< ! i,6/ `5L !6 L #L B&
L' = 1.5 L
@ 9: 0BJ !A 0&@ 0A 8 +6
R4
:U
R3
R2
R1
+ < + U*6 +8
+
R
R
R
= D +8
U*6
=
@ L T L

:;
0/ #1"& 3 ;1& @ / #LB& < 3 & ! 7L + A < h* L 75A Z <
.55A
3 + < 3 L + A .T @ / I ! 0BJ !A 0L9: < 3 **
8 #T !a6 0BJ !A 0L9: !a6 + A #T +8 73 0/ @9:
75A 0/ W1J @9: D13 < &
@ L >L )* L **
:UK/
I + I */ 1.5U@[
C F
M
@ 1.125
B E H
A
D
G

F F F F − WL2
M CF = M BE = M FM = M EH = = −10.417t.m
12
F F F F WL2
M FC = M EB = M MF = M HE = = 10.417t.m
12
MB = MC = −10.417t.m, MH = MM = 10.417t.m
M rF1 = 0, M rF2 = 0 < MOT I@/ 8 @ / @ 01 A ]3 3 6/ d L
V2 = 20t ⇒ mr 2 = −1 / 3V2 h2 = −1 / 3 × 30 × 3 = −30t

V1 = 45t ⇒ mr1 = −1 / 3V1h1' = −45t
h1' = 3m
RBA = −0.185, RBC = −0.093, RBE = −0.222, RCB = −0.227

RCF = −0.273, RED = −0.86, REB = −0.171, REF = −0.071
REH = −0.171, R FC = −0.176, RFE = −0.147, RFM = −0.176
RHE = −0.279, RHG = −0.105, RHM = −0.116, RMF = −0.273
RMH = −0.227
A #LB& < ! I L 6 0,F/ I6 !A 0LI@6 RL K L*/ D
RL K */ cj
:; !*B[
C ij = 1 0$L I@6 l& D@?
'
C ij K ij hn
D = −1.5 , C ij =
∑C 2
ij K ij Lij
DCB = −0.5, DMH = −0.3, D EF = −0.5
@ 1.5m 06.L !*B[ 3 Dij W1J
:U !*B[
C BA = 1, C ED = 0.6, C HG = 0.4,
D BA = −1.165, DED = −0.419, DHG = −0.210
2D @& Q/ C ij L8 U@/ D@? @ m1.5 @& 0/ 3 Dij L*/ !*B[ L

D@6 )*
:B+ <
' ' ' '' ''
M BA = −0.185(−10.417 + M EB + M CB + M BC + M DA )
' ' ' '' ''
M BC = −0.093(−10.417 + M EB + M CB + M BC + M DA )
' ' ' '' ''
M BE = −0.222(−10.417 + M EB + M CB + M BC + M DA )
:C+ <
' ' ' ''
M CB = −0.227(−10.417 + M FC + M BC + M BC )
' ' ' ''
M CF = −0.273(−10.417 + M FC + M BC + M BC )
:E+ <
' ' ' ' '' ''

M ED = −0.086(0 + M BE + M FE + M HE + M EF + M DE )
' ' ' ' '' ''
M EB = −0.171(0 + M BE + M FE + M HE + M EF + M DE )
' ' ' ' '' ''
M EF = −0.071(0 + M BE + M FE + M HE + M EF + M DE )
' ' ' ' '' ''
M EH = −0.171(0 + M BE + M FE + M HE + M EF + M DE )
L !/ 17 & 73 0/ !/ A L 3 + < ;1&

3 M '' & !A 7L '/ 06.L cd !*B[ D162 ; !*B[ J
'*B[ &
[
M '' = D M r + M rF + ∑ M ij' + ∑ M 'ji ]
:; !*B[
'' ' ' ' ' ' '

M BC = −0.5(−30 + M BC + M CB + M EF + M FE + M HM + M MH )
'' ' ' ' ' ' '
M EF = −0.5(−30 + M BC + M CB + M EF + M FE + M HM + M MH )
'' ' ' ' ' ' '
M HM = −0.5(−30 + M BC + M CB + M EF + M FE + M HM + M MH )
:U !*B[
[ ]
M '' = D M r + M rF + ∑ Cij ( M ij' + M 'ji )
< m '
AB =0

'' ' ' '

M AB = −1.165(−45 + M BA + 0.6M ED + 0.4 M HG )
'' ' ' '
M DE = −0.419(−45 + M BA + 0.6 M ED + 0.4 M HG )
'' ' ' '
M EH = −0.210(−45 + M BA + 0.6 M ED + 0.4 M HG )
75A 0/ #T X& ! D 7L #1Ia/ 23 !/ 23 +G6 >L UT
#Xz 1 2 10
... 0LI G5
'/ +1
1 1.927 m10.715 ... m16.486 60.49

2 0.969 m5.386 ... m8.288 44.004
3 2.313 m12.858 ... m19.783 9.68
4 2.145 0.214 ... m1.383 16.585
5 2.579 0.257 ... m1.664 m53.683
6 m0.199 m1.524 ... m1.861 m16.766
7 m0.395 m3.081 ... m3.7 m16.585
8 m0.164 m1.259 ... m1.536 3.073
9 m0.395 m3.031 ... m3.7 25.823
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
20 15.286 m23.110 ... 27.639 0 +@ #F/
21 51.3 68.901 ... 76.976 5.198
22 18.45 24.781 ... 27.684 11.145
23 9.247 12.42 ... 13.876 9.33
M ij = M ijF + 2 M ij' + M ji + M ij''

L 3 M ij 06.L UT

Battiy law 06 D@

2 +1 76. 3 ( "& 1 76. 3 #"/ +8 h* 0LaJ
( 1) ( 2)
2+1 76. 3 ( "& + + 2 76. 1 0[* +8 0LaJ
∆121

∆ 21 ∆221
 3
∆ 21
∆112 ∑P ∆1
i i
12 = ∑ P2j ∆ j21 **
 2
∆ 12
∆ 12  3
∆ 12
∆4
 12
2 +1 76. cj @ +8 ! 1 +1 76. 75A 0/ Z

W=0J2 3 )@& + ;a A #A
A cd 7L 0LaJ )* 7L 0L 2 +8 ! h@ / 3 0LaJ !$5L ,: ! 1 +1 76.
7L A cd 7L 73 #$ %& +8 3 ( 0
m n n
W = ∑ 1 / 2 Pi i ∆i11 + ∑1 / 2 P2j ∆ j22 + ∑ P1i ∆i12
i =1 j =1 i =1
** !/ 'B(
2 76. @ 1 76. U
m n m
W = ∑1 / 2 P1i ∆i11 + ∑1 / 2 P2j ∆222 + ∑ P1i ∆112
i =1 j =1 j =1
1 76. @ 2 76. U

n n n
W = ∑1 / 2 P2j ∆ j22 + ∑1 / 2 P1i ∆i11 + ∑ P2j ∆ j21
j =1 i =1 j =1
73 ./ {@ !/ <
∑P ∆ 1
i i
12 = ∑ P2j ∆ j21
06 D@ 2 T
j +1 !R* U1: ( "& i +1 !R* + aL D$/ %&: ∆ ij
⇒ P1∆ 12 = P2 ∆ 21
:U@.A/ D@
1 = 3 D !A 0/ 06 D@ 2 T 8 02 T
j !R* T U1: ( "& i +1 !R* D$/ %& = δ ij
1δ 12 = 1δ 21 ⇒ δ 12 = δ 21
⇒ δ ij = δ ji
:UK/
!@G? D@ iB[ L8 !6 L ; %& #$
== =

P1 ∆12 = P2 ∆ 1 5A 0/ AT 1 ! #$ L 5
:UK/
P1 ∆12 = P2 ∆ 21
/ 3 +8 (& h@R2 7

B #K/ 05"5/ L 8 !R* 3 Z : !A 05"5/ >L +8 >L 8 A !R* H W& (& )2
< 0/ B !R* A 16/ T !A 06 8 ! A !R* H W& */
A !R* H W& (& )2
:U@.A/ # 8 +6 (& )2 7 +:
75A 7 B #1 c$: (& )2 73 @2 0/
A B C
05L 5A aL T D$/ %& 2 !R* !A 73 73 B !R* T !$5L a <
< 1 !R* T +< 3 2 !R* D$/ %& R B */ L 5 ∆ 22 = 1

δ 21
0 = −δ 21 + Xδ 22 ⇒ X = = RB
δ 22
: 0,A +:
75A 7 +8 8 A !R* H W& (& )2 73 @Q <
75A MOT A !R* H W& +55A aL m1
+8 8 A !R* !A !@< ! L L */ . 3 H BK/ IJ >L A !R* m2
@ aL H IJ
= @/ & (& )2 D13 3!,T / 0LaJ ( +, 0,A !6 L ; %& #$m3
: UK/
A D B C
5A 7 A #1 c$: (& )2
5A 7 D !R* (& )2
5A 7 B !R* G5 (& )2
5A 7 B !R* (& )2
5A 7 D !R* G5 (& )2

!B"/ D */ L Y? M [ ε >L +8 ! L @ 01 sL & +< !$& "*
. <
: UK/
B A #1 c$: (& )2 .@,R/
100 200 100
20000
M=
3EI
25000
R=
3EI
200000 25000 5000 5 5 139500
mD = − ×5+ × × =
3EI 3EI EI 2 3 3EI
139500
∆ D = 3EI = 0.6895
200000
3EI
D (& )2
250 50 10 2000
m= × 10 − × =
3EI EI 3 3EI
5 5 5 250 − 11875
mD' = × × − ×5 =
EI 2 3 3EI 3EI
− 11875
∆ D = 3EI = −0.59395
'
2000
3EI

D !R* (& )2 Z :
∆2D = 1 − 0.59395 = 0.4
D G5 (& )2
G5 WL8@& 8 +6 (& )2 7
F − 1× 2 × 42
m AB = = −0.889
62
F − 1× 2 2 × 4
m BA =
62
F F
m BC = 0, mCB =0
: UK/
= m BA (& )2
A B
@J < G5 D/ @J@ D$/ !A 0L3I6 ;1& m1
(0 3 ) 5A 3I6 D )* T < G5 8 +8
)* +8

M BA = 0.899 × 0 + 0.444 × 0.4 + 0 × 0.3 + 0 × 0 = 0.198

± B G5 WL8@& /H: }
6)* +8
m BA = −0.178 ( (& )2 Z :) EF/ /*/ /H:
75A 0/ Z@: T @/ T
3 ;a L8 3A T @/ 3 \ 8 ! m2

5A .T < G5 @/ 3 \ 8 !(a
1 !,T / 8 +6 @/ 3 \ 8 ! (b
.
.
.
0 12 G5 */ Super # 8 +6
@ 3 @2 (& )2 Z : D13 */ L 5A .T @/ L 8 ! m BA
@ 7 m AB , m BA 3 G5 (& )2 E !R* G5 (& )2 UK/ D13
F
m AB =1 L (& h@R2 m BA , m AB L*/ T @/ 3 8 !
+< A B C
@9: AB BA BC CB
K
DF
FEm
@J
FEm

m AB
+ A .T m V L*/ E !R* / +8 >L !R L 7L A 0/ = AB !Rm3

mBA
@ 3 @2 G5 0 (& )2 Z : & & ! !A
T 1
@ 0/ MOT I/ & L B !53 <

 6 x m AB m x
m = + ( L − x) + BA
 E L L L
x〈 a ⇒ 
6
V = + BA m − m AB
 E L L
 a m AB mBA x
mE = L ( L − x) + L ( L − x) + L
x〉 a ⇒ 
V = − a + mBA − m AB
 E L L
G5 WL8@& ! L8 +8 #,"&
:UK/
5A L8 +8 2 @5$L + 6.< "&
G5 U& !/ 7L < 0/ = 1. +8

D !/ 7.L@ 0/ @9: D
75A 0/ #T !f./ !6 O< !/ I 7.L@ 0/

:UK/
D.$L L8 +8 6 & *? K
m1 = K 1θ
2 EI
mCA = 0 ⇒ (2θ C + θ A ) = 0
L
θ 3EI
θ C = A ⇒ m AC = θ3
L L
m1 = m AC ,θ 1 = θ A
3EI KL
⇒ Kθ A = θ A ⇒ EI =
L 3
: UK/
K 1 = ∞, K 2 = 0
4 EI
⇒S=
L
K 1 = 0, K 2 = 0
3EI
⇒S=
L
7L 0/ 3 S + + 6.< >L {@ &
m AB m
θA = ,θ B = BA
K1 K2
WL2 4 EI m AB 2 EI m BA
m AB = + ( )+ ( )
12 L K1 L K2

: UK/
0BJ U*6 & +8 !? ! X
#/ !A 0/G53 D @J @J 3 !f./
U@Ia/ ! !/ ! L 0/ x .T 3 !J !/ >L B A + < G5,& '/
L 0/ x .T )* !/ @15A 0/ MOT θ 1 ,θ 2
V1 + V2 = 0
f (θ1 , θ 2 ) = 0
g (θ 1 ,θ 2 , x ) = 0
h(θ 2 ,θ 3 , x ) = 0

Sazeh 2

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Sazeh 2

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‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪taXk shghvd‬‬

‫» ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ «‬

‫واﻗﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺷﺎن را اﻗﻨﺎع ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫روﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫روش ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬

‫ب( ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ‪ 2‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪:‬‬

‫‪C‬و ‪ B‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫‪S b − xbδ bb − xcδ bc = 0‬‬

: ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‬

: ‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺴﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮه اي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻴﺮو‬: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻒ( ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ درﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺠﻬﻮل اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬

‫اﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي واﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ب( ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ‪ 3‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ = ∆′3‬دوران ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ δ‬ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬

‫‪δ‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر واﺣﺪ در‬ ‫‪δ‬‬ ‫‪ = δ 33‬دوران ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬

‫‪δ 23 = δ 32‬‬ ‫‪δ13 = δ 31‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻮل‬

‫‪∆1′ + δ11 x1 + δ12 x2 + δ13 x3 = 0‬‬

‫ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮي ‪:‬‬

‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪ L L′ ‬‬ ‫‪ L ′    ∆L‬‬ ‫‪ 1 1  ∆R ‬‬ ‫‪6S −‬‬

‫ﻛﺮوﺷﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و دارﻳﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ L‬‬ ‫‪ L L′ ‬‬ ‫‪ L′ ‬‬ ‫‪6S − 6S −‬‬

‫ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎزه‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺎزه‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﺎزه‬

‫‪EquiLibrium.Eq‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺗﻌﺎدل‬

‫راﺑﻄﻪ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮم اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﺎزه را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل‬

‫از ﺣﻞ آن ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (1‬رواﺑﻂ ﺗﻌﺎدل‪ -‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪ -‬ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ )ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري( را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺳﺎزه را ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻴﺮو ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺳﺎزه را ﺑﻪ روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪δ 1 ,δ 2‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮه‬

‫‪∆1 , ∆ 2 , ∆ 3 , ∆ 4‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻃﻮل اﻋﻀﺎء‬

‫‪F1 , F2 , F3 , F4‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ اﻋﻀﺎء‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت ‪ 10‬ﻋﺪد‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت و ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬

‫‪ 4‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ دارﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت = ‪ 10‬ﻋﺪد‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻻت = ‪ 10‬ﻋﺪد‬

‫‪5 a‬‬ ‫‪2 E‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪1 AE‬‬

‫‪125 a‬‬ ‫‪12 ∆E‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاي روش ﻧﻴﺮو‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي روش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫در روش ﻧﻴﺮو اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬ ‫درروش ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

‫‪∆= f ×p‬‬ ‫∆× ‪p = K‬‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪f ×k =1‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬

‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻃﻮل را ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮل را ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻓﺮم ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ را ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪) ( Super‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ(‬ ‫) اﺻﻞ ‪Position‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﻓﺮض ﻓﻘﻂ وﺟﻮد ‪δ 2‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻓﺮض ﻓﻘﻂ وﺟﻮد ‪δ 1‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺷﺪن‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻓﺖ = ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺟﺎت آزادي – ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻋﻀﺎء ‪4 − 2 = 2‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻓﺖ = درﺟﻪ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎزه ‪2 = 2‬‬

Slop Diflection Method

!" (1

. + !,-./ 0 12 3#$ %& ' ( )* (2

.56.3 7*6./ +8 +53 #$ & 9: (3

. + !6 < = >?@A 3; %& (4

.5A 0/ B& C@3 D@ 8 EF/ 6 (5

3I6 D /H:

BK/ : 3! *: IJ

M i j = f1 (θ i , θj ,ψ ij , @9: O< )

M ij = f 2 (θ i ,θj,ψ ij , @9: O< )

: FEM D

:0 06Q

< 3 G5

. !6 @6./ WR*/ & <

.L L8 & < 3 G5

.L L8 & < 3 G5

.L 0/ M */ A U@T < G5

G5 U*6 L V 0 06Q

@ 5/ W[*/ '/

0BJ U*6 D 3+8

8 'J & D

8 'J & = 3+ < 0*6 8 'J & – \9: &

.5A .T \9: ;1& < G5 L*/ :1 !,T /

.5A .T \9: ;1& U6 L V 0 06Q L/ :2 !,T /

..L@5 '/ \9: ;1& :3 !,T /

( i + < ).@ !6@ G5 U& !/ + < 3 :4 !,T /

i + < A 16/ G5 M i + ∑ M ij = 0 i + < ij @9: `LI6 G5

.3 '/ 8 3 M ij a 4 !,T / '/ :5 !,T /

.5A !B"/ 3 θ !/ +G6 :6 !,T /

.@ !B"/ 0LI6 3 G5 L*/ '/ D :7 !,T /

.5A 7 0 12 G5 0 ' %& 305"5/ :8 !,T /

. @ 5/ W[/ )

. BK/ IJ : ! *: MH2 IJ + <

.73 0/ +6 @/ L8 '@ ! bL6 + A V 3 3 mij 06T

.7L 0/ '/ GLJ !, !

. BK/ 3 @9: L + < : 3! *: IJ D

. B5< ; %& 05/ G5 05"5/ !A 0[* :!6$

. !A ; %& BK/ G5 05"5/ !A 0[* :!6$

.5A ! &

.@ 0/ W1J < G5

:!,-./ #T ; ; &

.gQ / h* dif & IJ A IJ UK/ >L

. 0BJ U*6 +8 < D @& 0/ cd 8 !J >L

. 0BJ U*6

U& '/ OGLJ

. @"/ G5 B !R* D@? L Hk K/ 75A D cj