Ranchi Bhons

ESSENTIALS OF GEOLOGY (pg 47)

Unit 1: Introduction to Geology, scope, sub-disciplines and relationship with other branches of
sciences
Unit 2: Earth in the solar system: origin. Solar System- Introduction to Various planets- Terrestrial
and Jovian Planets, Internal constitution of the earth: core, mantle and crust.
Unit 3: Convections in the earth’s core and production of magnetic field; Earthquake: causes,
effects
and distribution; Volcanoes: types, products and distribution.
Unit 4: Introduction to hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere; Origin of mountains; Elementary
idea
about Plate Tectonics.
Unit 5: Age of the earth: Radioactivity and its application in determining the age of the Earth.
Basic concept of
 Rocks: types with examples
 Minerals: Definition and classification.
 Fossils: mode of preservation and uses
Suggested Readings:
 Holme's Principles of Physical Geology. 1992. Chapman & Hall.
 Emiliani, C, 1992. Planet Earth, Cosmology, Geology and the Evolution of Life and
Environment.
Cambridge University Press.
 Gross,M.G., 1977. Oceanography: A view of the Earth, Prentice Hall.

Shyama Bsc
ESSENTIALS OF GEOLOGY (pg 8)
Unit 1: Introduction to Geology, scope, sub-disciplines and relationship with other branches of
sciences
Unit 2:
 Earth in the solar system: origin.
 Solar System- Introduction to Various planets- Terrestrial and Jovian Planets.
 Internal constitution of the earth: core, mantle and crust.
Unit 3:
 Convections in the earth’s core and production of magnetic field.
 Earthquake: causes, effects and distribution.
 Volcanoes: types, products and distribution.
Unit 4:
 Introduction to hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere
 Origin of mountains.
 Elementary idea about Plate Tectonics.
Unit 5:
 Age of the earth: Radioactivity and its application in determining the age of the Earth.
 Basic concept of
o Rocks: types with examples
o Minerals: Definition and classification.
o Fossils: mode of preservation and uses
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1.Holme's Principles of Physical Geology. 1992. Chapman & Hall.
2.Emiliani, C, 1992. Planet Earth, Cosmology, Geology and the Evolution of Life
and Environment. Cambridge University Press.
3.Gross,M.G., 1977. Oceanography: A view of the Earth, Prentice Hall.
PresUniv Bsc
Planetary Science Studies (pg 57)
1. Solar sytem materials, Milky way
2. Structure of Solar System; Orbits and Celestial coordinates, Earth’s orbital parameters,
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary motions
3. Concepts of Planetary Evolution
4. Exploring the outer space: Light and Magnitude; Reflectance Spectroscopy
5. Significant Space Missions: Emphasis on Indian Space missions
6. Planetary Surface signatures 1: Impact Cratering
7. Planetary Surface signatures 2: Regolith Weathering and Surface Textures
8. Planetary Surface signatures 3: Planetary Morphotectonics features
Suggested Reference Books:
a) Planetary Geomorphology by Ronald Greely
b) Planetary Surface Processess by J. H. Melosh
c) Planetary tectonics by T. R. Watters and R. A. Schultz
d) Asteroids by T. H. Burbine
e) Introduction to Planetary Science by G. Faure and T.M. Mensing

PresUniv Bhons
Essentials of Geology (pg 44)
Unit 1 Introduction to geology: scope, sub-disciplines and relationship with other branches of
sciences.
Unit 2 Earth in the solar system, origin.
Earth’s size, shape, mass, density, rotational and evolutional parameters.
Solar System- Introduction to various planets - Terrestrial Planets, Jovian Planets.
Unit 3: Solid Earth, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere
Mechanical layering of the Earth: lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle and core.
Earthquake and earthquake belts: seismic waves and internal constitution of the Earth.
Volcanoes and volcanism, distribution of volcanoes.
Concept of isostasy.
Formation of core, mantle, crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
Convection in Earth's core and production of its magnetic field.
Geothermal gradient and internal heat of the Earth.
Unit: 4. Rocks, Mineral and fossils
Definition. General character. Usefulness.
Unit 5: Plate Tectonics
Fundamental Earth process: plate tectonics.
Plates and plate boundaries.
Origin of oceans, continents, mountains and rift valleys.
Unit 6: Earth's Surface Processes
Weathering and Erosion.
Landforms in deserts, glaciated region and river valleys.
Unit 7:
Age of the earth; radioactivity and its application in determining the age of the Earth.
Suggested Reference Books:
Holmes' Principles of Physical Geology. (1992). Chapman and Hall.
Emiliani, C, (1992). Planet Earth, Cosmology, Geology and the Evolution of Life and Environment.
Cambridge University Press.
Gross,M.G. (1977). Oceanography: A view of the Earth. Prentice Hall.

Manipur Univ
FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOLOGY (pg 36)
Introduction to geology, scope, sub-disciplines and relationship with other branches of
science; Earth in the solar system, origin, size, shape, mass and density; meteorites, minerals
and rocks; plate tectonics.
Internal constitutions of the Earth. Convections in the earth’s core and production of the
magnetic field; Composition of the earth in comparison to other bodies in the solar system;
Origin of hydrosphere and atmosphere, biosphere; Origin of oceans, continents and
mountains; Age of the earth; Radioactivity and its application in determining the age of the
earth. Earthquakes - causes, geological effects and their measurement, distribution of
earthquake belts; Volcanoes - types, causes and geological effects, distribution of volcanic
belts; Relationship of earthquakes with volcanic belts; Weathering and erosion; Soil -
formation, profile and types; Geological time scale; Major events in the earth’s history,
Climate change, mass extinction events etc.
Books Recommended:
1. Arthur Holmes, (1992) Principles of Physical Geology. Chapman and Hall, London.
2. Miller, (1949) An Introduction to Physical Geology. East-West Press Ltd.
3. Spencer, E.V., (1962) Basic concepts of Physical Geology. Oxford & IBH.
4. Mahapatra, G.B., (1994) A textbook of Physical Geology. CBS Publishers.
5. Press and Siever (1998) Understanding Earth, WH Freeman & Co.
6. Emiliani, C. (1992) Planet earth: cosmology, geology, and the evolution of life and
environment. Cambridge University Press

Binod Bihari Bhons

ESSENTIALS OF GEOLOGY (pg 53)
Unit 1: Earth in the solar system - origin, size, shape, mass, density, rotational and revolution
parameters. Age of the earth & its applications by various methods, Internal structure of the earth:
core, mantle and crust.
Unit 2: Introduction to hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere, Concept of plate tectonics, sea-floor
spreading,
Unit 3: Isostacy, continental drift, Mid Oceanic Ridges, trenches, transform faults and island arcs,
Origin of oceans, continents, mountains and rift valleys; Earthquake: causes, effects and
distribution; Volcanoes: types, products and distribution.
Unit 4: Elementary ideas about crystal morphology in relation to internal structures Crystal
parameters and indices Crystal symmetry and classification of crystals into six systems and 32 point
groups, Minerals - definition and classification, physical and chemical properties Composition of
common rock-forming minerals, Silicate Structure
Unit 5: Properties of light and optical microscopy
Nature of light and principles of optical mineralogy, Isotropic & Anisotropic, Birefringence,
Interference color, Extinction, Introduction to the petrological microscope and identification of
common rock-forming minerals
Suggested Readings:
 Holme's Principles of Physical Geology. 1992. Chapman & Hall.
 Emiliani, C, 1992. Planet Earth, Cosmology, Geology and the Evolution of Life and
Environment. Cambridge University Press.
 Gross,M.G., 1977. Oceanography: A view of the Earth, Prentice Hall.

AMU
Fundamentals of Geology (pg 15)
UNIT 1:
Introduction and scope of geology. The solar system – Planets, asteroids and meteorites. Earth – its
position in the solar system. Internal structure and constitution of the Earth. Hydrosphere,
atmosphere and biosphere. Interacting Earth systems.
UNIT 2:
Plates and Plate tectonics - plate motions, plate boundaries
Earthquakes –mechanism and distribution
Volcanoes – types, materials and distribution
Minerals: definition and common identification properties
Fossils and the process of fossilization
UNIT 3:
Rocks: types and origin. Weathering and erosion and resultant products Introductory knowledge of
textures and structures of the rocks
Erosional and depositional landforms of water, wind, glacier, oceanic currents.
Rock deformation: folds, faults, joints, and unconformities
UNIT 4:
Mineral and energy resources
Mineral deposits. Magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary, placer and residual deposits.
Non-renewable energy resources – Coal, petroleum & natural gas, Coal bed methane, Radioactive
mineral deposits
Renewable energy resources – Solar, Wind, wave, Tidal, Hydroelectric, Geothermal and Biomass
Surface and groundwater resources
Books Recommended:
1. Bridge, J and Demicco, R. (2008). Earth Surface Processes, Landforms and Sediment Deposits.
Cambridge University Press. 815p.
2. Leeder, M. and Perez-Arlucea, M. (2006). Physical Processes in Earth and Environmental
Sciences. Blackwell Publishing. 321p.
3. Smith, Z.A. and Taylor, K.D. (2008). Renewable and Alternative Energy Resources.
Contemporary World Issues. 322p.
4. Ozima, M., Korenaga, J. and Yin, Q. (2012). The Earth: Its Birth and Growth. Cambridge
University Press. 150