Notes for History unit 10:

Question: Which of the following was the most significant role played by Jinnah
i (hindu muslim relation): Before 1939, Jinnah was in dual membership with both the
congress and the league. However, by 1913 he left the congress and joined the
league. Because of his knowledge on how both the league and the Hindus thought, he
was the ideal person to strengthen their relations. This can be probven by the fact
that in Lucknow pact he expanded on the idea for Hindu Muslim unity and it only
really happened because of him, which went to show his status. After that came the
Dehli proposal, where he agreed that the muslims would end their demands for
seperate electorates which showed his committment to Hindu Muslim unity. Even after
the Nehru report which was not accepted by any muslim, he still agreed as long as a
few amendments were made to the muslims, and this included ending their demand for
seperate electorates. During the 1946 cabinet mission which rejected the formation
of the league, he was still ready to accept it as long as provincial autonomy was
given in India. Only after the speech of Jawahal Nehru he called for Pakistan. So,
in conclusion though he tried for hindu muslim unity he was not successful, and
even though he believed in the 1 nation theory, his belief soon changed which led
to to the creation of Pakistan.
ii(As the leader of muslim league): In lucknow pact which was only held because of
Jinnah, the congress accepted the league as a seperate muslim party that they never
had before. Then, during the Dehli proposals where the Indians were starting things
like Arya Samaj and similar strikes, Jinnah agreed to give up the demand for
seperate electorates under conditions that Sindh be made a seperate province,
Punjab and bengal having seats according to population, and NWFP and Balochistan
should have laws made by the british government applied to them as well. This was a
risky move by Jinnah but didnt take long to pay off. Then came the Nehru report
which was obviosuly resented by all muslims as it denied things like seperate
electorates, and all muslim representation in general. however, Jinnah proposed a
counter which ended up being rejected which led to him creating his 14 points in
which he reinstated Sindh being a seperate province, Punjab and Bengal having
voting according to population, annd NWFP and Balo having the same reforms applied
to them that wer ebeing made everywhere else in British India. Then come the round
table conferences in which he basically again laid epmphasis on things like
provincial autonomy, rights for minorities, sindh beign a seperate province and
basically all the other things he pointed out in the 14 points which in turn lead
to some things he said being applied to the government of India act in which sindh
was given provincial status, rights were given to minorities, and provincial
autonomy was given but diarchy was still there at the central goverment level. Then
came the 1937-8 round table conferences which basically were a big failure fo the
muslims as the congress won all the major seats and the muslims were only left with
smaller provinces like Sindh and Bengal in which they barely one 108-9/482 seats
reserved for them. However, a benefit was he swore as the leader of the ML after
his exile so he re organized the league realizing their image problem and improving
their campaigning problems which lead to the league being successful in the 1946
elections. Other then that in the day of deliverance Jinnah celebrated the congress
removing themselves from tehe government which angered the congress. However, a
failure was that it lead to increased the fighting betwen the 2 and there was more
and more fighting but it further proved the 2 nation theory. The muslims won the
elctions. They also won the by elections which were the seats congress left behind.
Then came. A major part was the Gahndi Jinnah talks where even Ghandi wanted to
talk to Jinnah which showed the progression of the league. In the Simla conference
where the point disucssed to mention would be that the sub continent should have a
50/50 split in its government which was rejected as the Hindus were much larger in
number which is why they would win. Jinnah also highlighted that even though the
congress bought Abul Kazab Azam which was rejected and said that onyl ML should
have rights to nominate Muslims. The muslims won the elections. Jinnah had also
come around for the cabinet mission plan's acceptance and introduced the direct
action day to call for Pakistan which ended up turning into a great calcutta
killing in Calcutta which helped further prove the 2 nation theoory. So, because of
this in 1947 Pakistan was created which proves that Jinnah was successsful.