PEE 711 - Module IV - Drilling Methods and Technologies

Federal University of Petroleum Resources
Effurun
Drilling Engineering & Well

Completion
Course Code: PEE 711
Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #1

Drilling Engineering & Well Completion
Lecturer:
Ogbarode N. Ogbon

Drilling Engineering & Well Completion
Module IV
Drilling Structures

Module IV Content
 What is a Drilling Structure
 Drilling Systems
 Functions of a Rotary Drilling Rig
 Types of Rotary Drilling Rigs

 Land Rigs
 Swamp Rigs
 Offshore Drilling Structures
Ono 4
Drilling Structure
A Drilling Structure is an equipment or an equipment system employed in
drilling (cutting the rock) in the oil and gas industry.
It is commonly referred to as a drilling rig
Several types of drilling structures with different technologies put together

into different drilling systems are employed to drill in the drilling industry
including;
 Cable tool drilling rig
 Rotary drilling rig
 Percussion rotary air blast drilling rig(RAB)
 Rotary percussion drilling, etc.
 A typical drilling structure consists of several equipment and equipment

systems necessary to carry out the drilling process
 The most popular drilling structure in the drilling industry is the Rotary
Drilling Structure(Rig)

The Rotary Drilling System
The Rotary Drilling System is an equipment system employed to cut
through the formation rock by a rotating action of a bit and the cutting(pieces of
rock cut) are circulated out of the well by a drilling fluid or circulating fluid power
by a pump

Basic Features of Rotary Drilling System
Bit crushes rock by rotating action and applied force (weight)
Rock pieces(cuttings) are carried out of hole by drilling fluid(mud)

circulated through the hole in the bit.
Mud is sucked from tanks and pumped through a kelly hose into the kelly
through a swivel down the drill string, out of the bit, up the annulus and out
through the well head to shale shaker back to the mud tanks.
Engines activate drawworks that empower the rotary table and the up and
down movement of the drill string.

Functions of a Drilling Rig
Formation fracturing with a bit
Cleaning of the drilled hole with circulating mud
Control of drilling process
Arresting caving in tendency
Sealing borehole wall (mud cake)
Prevention of kick
Prevention of underground blow-out
Maintaining drilling fluid quality

Functions of a Drilling Rig
Hoisting of tubular members and all materials
Provision of power required for all operations
Provision of storage facilities

Consumables
Reusables
Provision of waste handling facilities
Provision of accommodation
Provision of health facilities
Ono 9
 Factors for Consideration on Types of Drilling Rigs Selection
 Rig location (land, inland water, offshore)

 If marine - depth of water
 Estimated maximum hole depth
 Horsepower requirements
 Environmental restrictions
 Government regulations
 Formations, low or high pressure zones
 Rig Availability
 Expert and trained crew availability
 Rig Cost
 As can be imagined, the selecting of drilling and workover rigs is

best accomplished by use of good, sound judgment and
engineering experience.

Types of Rotary Drilling Rigs

Types
Types of of Rotary
Rotary Drilling
Drilling Rigs
Rigs

Land Rig
Rig components transported by
trucks, helicopters or planes
Rig usually dismantled on

completion of drilling
Bops attached to well top

beneath rig floor

Swamp Rotary Rig
A barge houses the rig and its
components
Barge consists of two hulls

connected by posts
Bottom hull deballasted for rig to

be towed during rig move
Bottom hull is ballasted to

submerge to bottom on location
Pilings used to keep rig

immovable
Swamp Barge Rig

Drilling in the Swamp
Swamp Rotary Rig
Swamp Barge Rig

Drilling on Sea
Swamp Barge Rig

Drilling on River
Offshore Rotary Drilling Structures
Factors Determining Offshore Rig Selection
Water Depth
8 to 35 ft  Swamp Barges
 150 ft  Submersibles
 350 ft  Jack-ups
 1,000 ft  Fixed Platform
8,000 ft  Semi-submersible
8,000 ft  Drill Ship

Factors Determining Offshore Rig Selection
Type of water
Density of water
Drilling depth
Operational limitation
Rig movement logistics
Availability of consumable supplies
Environmental consideration
Wind
Waves
Current profile, etc


Ono 19
Stationary Platform
Metal jacket construction mostly on
land and floated to location
Conductor guided in several

positions along the jacket from rig
floor to sub-soil
Houses rig, personnel and

consumables
Drill in water depth up to 1000 ft
Many well can be drilled from the

same platform
Also later serve as production

platform

Details of Stationary
Platform
21
The tender
Mostly in mild weather
conditions
Platform is lighter and houses

only the rig
A barge or ship is anchored

and hooked up and connected
to platform with a catwalk
Barge houses drilling

equipment, consumables and
personnel
Highly susceptible to bad

weather

Jack-up Rig
Barge-shaped hull with three or more legs
On location legs lowered to seabed and drilling platform “jacked-up”

above waves
Used for both exploratory and development well
Limited to shallow water drilling 100 to 400 ft (further reduced by

weather)
Bop installed above water on conductor with slings from rig floor
They are either towed or transported by ships (longer moves)
Requires relatively calm water mostly for jacking-up and down

offshore

The Jack-up Rig

The Jack-up Rig

Submersible Rig
These include posted barges, bottle
types, arctic types, and inland barges
It floats on the water’s surface during rig

move.
At drilling site, certain compartments are

flooded to submerge the lower part of the
rig to the seafloor.
Rig base is in contact with ocean bottom

so wind, waves, and currents have little
effect
Operates in wetlands and swamps,

standing in water depths of up to 85 feet.

Semi-Submersible Rig
Hull can be submerged to sea bed or
midway in sea water
Hulls connected to deck with variable

number of columns or pontoons
Positioning is mostly by mooring system

dynamic system have high load capacity
Can withstand hash sea conditions
Rated to drill in up to 8000 feet of water
Has limited variable deck load capacity
Hull are discharged to float the structure

during rig move
Semi-Submersible Rig
Ono 28
Semi-Submersible Rig During Rig Move

The Drill Ship
Rig is set over an opening (moon pool)
Ship deck store pipes
Ship hold houses pumps & mud facilities
Has high variable load capacity (8000 tons)
Positioning system mostly dynamic
Drilling in water depth up to 8000 ft
Highly mobile and withstands harshest of weather
Used for both exploration and development drilling

The Drill Ship
Pacific Bora Drillship for Chevron in Agbami Field

Floating Drilling Structures Anchoring Systems
Mooring System
Anchors and stabilizes structure in Semi-Submersible
position Mooring System
Chain and wire strong enough for
storms
Keeps structure aligned to well head
position
Marking Buoys
Receives Anchors
Drill Ship Mooring System

Floating Drilling Structures Anchoring Systems
Dynamic Positioning System
No Mooring Lines
Lateral Thrusters
Acoustic Transponders and
Hydrophone Communication

Summary of Offshore Drilling Structures

Offshore Drilling Structures Water Depth Limitations

PEE 711 - Module IV - Drilling Methods and Technologies

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PEE 711 - Module IV - Drilling Methods and Technologies

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Federal University of Petroleum Resources

Drilling Engineering & Well

Course Code: PEE 711

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #1

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #2

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #3

 Functions of a Rotary Drilling Rig

 Types of Rotary Drilling Rigs

It is commonly referred to as a drilling rig

Several types of drilling structures with different technologies put together

 A typical drilling structure consists of several equipment and equipment

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #5

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #6

Rock pieces(cuttings) are carried out of hole by drilling fluid(mud)

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #7

Cleaning of the drilled hole with circulating mud

Control of drilling process

Arresting caving in tendency

Sealing borehole wall (mud cake)

Prevention of underground blow-out

Maintaining drilling fluid quality

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #8

Provision of power required for all operations

Provision of storage facilities

Provision of waste handling facilities

Provision of health facilities

 Factors for Consideration on Types of Drilling Rigs Selection

 Rig location (land, inland water, offshore)

 As can be imagined, the selecting of drilling and workover rigs is

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #10

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #11

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #12

Rig usually dismantled on

Bops attached to well top

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #13

Barge consists of two hulls

Bottom hull deballasted for rig to

Bottom hull is ballasted to

Pilings used to keep rig

Swamp Barge Rig

Swamp Barge Rig

Swamp Barge Rig

 1,000 ft  Fixed Platform

8,000 ft  Drill Ship

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #16

Rig movement logistics

Availability of consumable supplies

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #17

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #18

Conductor guided in several

Houses rig, personnel and

Drill in water depth up to 1000 ft

Many well can be drilled from the

Also later serve as production

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #20

Platform is lighter and houses

A barge or ship is anchored

Barge houses drilling

Highly susceptible to bad

Ogbon Drilling Engineering & Well Completion Slide #22

On location legs lowered to seabed and drilling platform “jacked-up”

Used for both exploratory and development well

Limited to shallow water drilling 100 to 400 ft (further reduced by

They are either towed or transported by ships (longer moves)