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So the first question to ask is, well, why multiple views?

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Obviously, structure and

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depth are fundamentally inherently ambiguous from a single view.

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Remember, we're projecting from 3D to 2D?

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When we do that, we lose information.

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So here's an example of a man pushing the Leaning Tower of Pisa over to make it

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lean even further.

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And either he's very large, the building's very small, or

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there's an ambiguity when you project from 3D to 2D.

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Or how about, so those of us who grew up in the States who were a fan of,

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It's a Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown.

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So that might be a picture that looks like this.

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Which would be really a great pumpkin.

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But of course, what's really going on here is that the location of the camera

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makes it such that this picture just appears like the pumpkin is very large.
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And what's fundamental problem?

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Well, the fundamental problem comes for, from perspective projection.

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Here we have an optical center.

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All right.

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And we have several points such as P1 and P2 projecting along the same ray.

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And of course, because they project along the same ray,

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they land in the same spot P1 prime P2 prime.

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And so that's where the ambiguity comes from.

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And the question is how to figure out where P1 and P2 really are.

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And the trick, of course, is going to be the look at a different camera.