03/15/2023

Diesel
Power Plant
(Recall)

Prepared by: Engr. Joseph Kimuel D. Caguete, ME

Introduction

• A diesel power plant or standby power station is the plant when we use diesel engine as a
prime mover or combine a diesel engine with an electric generator to produce
electrical energy by using diesel fuel or liquid fuels like natural gas. it’s generally a compact
station so it can be located when we actually require it and the diesel power plant produces
limited amounts of electricity.

• A diesel plant produces power in the range of 2 to 50 MW.

• They are used as standby sets for continuity of supply such as hospitals , telephone
exchanges , radio station , cinema theatres and industries (peak load). They are suitable for
mobile power generation and widely used in railways and ships.

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History

• Diesel Engine was invented in 1897 by Rudolf Diesel (Inventor) and proved that fuel
could be ignited without spark and he made the first successful Diesel Engine.

Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel

German inventor and mechanical engineer who is famous
for having invented the Diesel engine.

History

• The definition of a diesel engine to many has become an engine that uses compression
ignition. To some it may be an engine that uses heavy fuel oil; to others it is an engine that
does not use spark ignition.
• the original cycle proposed by Rudolf Diesel in 1892 was a constant temperature cycle (a
cycle based on the Carnot theory) that would require much higher compression than what is
needed for compression ignition. Diesel's idea was to compress the air so tightly that the
temperature of the air would exceed that of combustion .
• In later years Diesel realized his original cycle would not work and he adopted the constant
pressure cycle. Diesel describes the cycle in his 1895 patent application. Notice that there is
no longer a mention of compression temperatures exceeding the temperature of combustion.
Now all that is mentioned is the compression must be high enough for ignition.

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Applications of Diesel Power Plant

1. They are used as central station for small or medium power supplies.

2. They can be used as stand-by plants to hydro-electric power plants and steam power plants
for emergency services.

3. They can be used as peak load plants in combinations with thermal or hydro-plants.

4. They are quite suitable for mobile power generation and are widely used in transportation
systems such as automobiles, railways, air planes and ships.

5. Now-a-days power cut has become a regular feature for industries. The only solution to tide
over this difficulty is to install diesel generating sets.

PV and TS Diagram of Diesel Engine

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Simple Layout

Selection of Site for Diesel Power Plant

• Near to load center

- as far as possible the plant should be installed near to load center, to reduce
transmission & distribution cost of electrical energy.

• Availability of land
- for erection of diesel power plant, land should be available near to load center at low
cost.

• Availability of water
- the soft water is freely available for the purpose of cooling.

• Foundations
- as we know that, the diesel engines or a machine produces vibrations. so provide
good foundation to erect the diesel engine.

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Selection of Site for Diesel Power Plant

• Fuel transportation
- the diesel plant is far away from fuel mines. so to provide fuel to the plant
arrange good transportation facility like road, rail etc.

• Local conditions
- for increasing the demand of power & future expansion space available.

• Noise pollution
- the plant should away from populated areas, because it produces noise.

Advantages of Diesel Power Plant

• Plant layout is simple. Hence it can be quickly installed and commissioned, while the
erection and starting of a steam power plant or hydro-plant takes a fairly long time.
• Quick starting and easy pick-up of loads are possible in a very short time.
• Location of the plant is near the load center.
• The load operation is easy and requires minimum labors.
• Efficiency at part loads does not fall so much as that of a steam plant.
• Fuel handling is easier and no problem of ash disposal exists.
• The plant is smaller in size than steam power plant for same capacity.
• Diesel plants operate at high overall efficiency than steam.

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Disadvantages of Diesel Power Plant

• Plant capacity is limited to about 50 MW of power.

• Diesel fuel is much more expensive than coal.
• The maintenance and lubrication costs are high.
• Diesel engines are not guaranteed for operation under continuous, while steam can
work under 25% of overload continuously.

Diesel Power Plant

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Diesel Power Plant

Diesel Engine

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Diesel Engine

Performance of Diesel Power Plant

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Performance of Diesel Power Plant

Performance of Diesel Power Plant

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Performance of Diesel Power Plant

Performance of Diesel Power Plant

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Performance of Diesel Power Plant

Performance of Diesel Power Plant

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Performance of Diesel Power Plant

Performance of Diesel Power Plant

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Performance of Diesel Power Plant

Performance of Diesel Power Plant

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Performance of Diesel Power Plant

Design and Layout Problem

(Diesel Electric Power Plant)

I. General:
Design a Diesel Electric Power Plant to supply the future expansion of a
certain area that is under a cooperative franchise. The future expansion
required 8MWe & 75% Plant Utility factor of electric power thru development
study. The following is the data of the plant.

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II. Data:
PLANT FEATURES
The power plant is equipped with two 4.3 MVA generators at 97% efficiency; 0.85 Power Factor;
13.8kv 3phase 60hz. The two 4 stroke turbo-charge engines are to be selected from Daihatsu
engine manufacturer. Inside the power house building are the 2 DE & generators. Next to the
engine floor is the 100sqm control room & 100sqmt switchgear. The bldg. also houses the 2
motor driven fuel oil pumps, 2 reciprocating Air compressor for engine start up; the fresh water &
lube oil pumps are engine driven & heat is transferred to the fresh water & lube oil cooler
respectively. Lube oil purifiers & fuel oil purifiers & heaters. Diesel oil is used for start up &
shutdown while bunker C is used for continuous operation. The Diesel & bunker C service tanks
are inside the bldg.. While the Diesel & Heavy Fuel storage tank are outside the bldg. The
engine fresh water & lube oil coolers are of plate type & raw water is set to the cooling tower for
cooling & is installed in the outside of the power house bldg.. So with the common step up/step
down 69kv transformer. A force draft fan supply ventilation to the T/C at 2.5in WG & Stack to
develop 1-in static draft.

III. REQUIREMENT: (All calculations to be in plastic folder)

a. Make schematic diagram (Process flow) & make plant/equipment drawing.
b. Calculate the engine IHP & Engine efficiency from selected DE.
c. Design the HFO storage tanks if delivery is once per month.
d. Calculate the cooling tower & make up.
e. Cal the exhaust gas & design smoke stack.
f. Design the fresh water & lube oil Plate type coolers.
g. Design the fuel oil piping from storage to service tank to DE.
h. Specify the Air compressor system.
i. Make a plan layout of equipment & single line piping diagram of each system.
j. Design engine foundation.
k. Compute Capital Cost, Operating Cost, Financial Borrowing scheme, Power
Rate & Rate of Return.
l. Present the Project in short Bond Paper (Plastic Folder) & show all
computations.

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Thank you!

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