Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Atom Part - 1
Atom Part - 1
परमाणु ा है ?
What is an Atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
It consists of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and electrons orbiting the nucleus.
Atoms combine to form molecules and are the basic building blocks of all matter.
John Dalton (1766-1844): Dalton's Atomic Theory included the following postulates:
(i) परमाणु के बीच म एक सकारा क चािजत क होता है िजसे ू यस कहा जाता है । ायः परमाणु
के स ू ण भार ू यस म होता है ।
(i) At the center of an atom, there is a positively charged core called the nucleus.
Almost all of the atom's mass is concentrated in this nucleus.
(iii) The size of the nucleus is extremely small compared to the overall size of the
atom
ू टॉन (जे चैडिवक ारा खोजा गया): ूटॉन भी नािभक म होते ह, और इनम कोई चाज नही ं होता है
मान 1.67×10−27
Electrons are small particles that orbit around the center of an atom, known as the
nucleus.
They have a negative charge, similar to tiny negative dots.
Electrons act like busy workers in an atom, always in motion, and they assist in chemical
processes.
Mass: Approximately 9.1×10^-31 kg.
Neutrons are also located in the nucleus and have no electrical charge; they are
electrically neutral.
They serve as a stabilizing force in the nucleus, preventing protons from getting too
close due to their repulsion.
Mass: Approximately 1.67×10^-27 kg.