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Relations and Functions
Relations and Functions
and
Relations and Functions
Vocabulary
1) ordered pair 8) function
2) Cartesian Coordinate 9) mapping
3) plane 10) one-to-one function
4) quadrant 11) vertical line test
5) relation 12) independent variable
6) domain 13) dependent variable
7) range 14) functional notation
Relations and Functions
(20, 50)
average maximum
lifetime lifetime
Relations and Functions
50
(12, 20), and (20, 50)
Maximum Lifetime
40
30
Remember, each point in the coordinate
plane can be named by exactly one 20
ordered pair and that every ordered pair
names exactly one point in the coordinate 10
plane.
0 x
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Quadrant II OriginI
Quadrant
( --, + ) ( +, (0,
+ )0)
0
-5 0 5
-5
{(2, –3), (4, 6), (3, –1), (6, 6), (2, 3)}
domain: {2, 3, 4, 6}
in the graph.
(-4,3) (2,3)
(0,-4)
Table
x y
{(3, 4), (7, 2), 3 4
(0, -1), (-2, 2), 7 2
(-5, 0), (3, 3)} 0 -1
-2 2
-5 0
3 3
Relations and Functions
Mapping
Mapping
{(2, -6), (1, 4), (2, 4), (0, 0), (1, -6), (3, 0)}
2
-6
1
4
0
0
3
Relations and Functions
In summary:
Relations and Functions
FUNCTIONS
What is a FUNCTION?
Relations and Functions
A function is a special type of relation in which each element of the domain is paired
exactly one element in the range.
with ___________
Furthermore, a set of ordered pairs is a function if no two ordered pairs
have equal abscissas.
A mapping shows how each member of the domain is paired with each member in
the range.
Functions
(− 3,1), (0,2), (2,4)
Domain Range
-3 1
ONE-TO-ONE
CORRESPONDENCE 0 2
2 4
function
Relations and Functions
A function is a special type of relation in which each element of the domain is paired
exactly one element in the range.
with ___________
Furthermore, a set of ordered pairs is a function if no two ordered pairs
have equal abscissas.
A mapping shows how each member of the domain is paired with each member in
the range.
Functions
(− 1,5), (1,3), (4,5)
Domain Range
-1
MANY-TO-ONE 5
CORRESPONDENCE 1
3
4
function,
not one-to-one
Relations and Functions
A function is a special type of relation in which each element of the domain is paired
exactly one element in the range.
with ___________
Furthermore, a set of ordered pairs is a function if no two ordered pairs
have equal abscissas.
A mapping shows how each member of the domain is paired with each member in
the range.
Functions
(5,6), (− 3,0), (1,1), (− 3,6)
Domain Range
5 6
ONE-TO-MANY
CORRESPONDENCE -3 0
1 1
not a function
Relations and Functions
State the domain and range of the relation shown y
(4,12) (4,12)
(5,15) (4,15)
(6,18) (5,18)
(7,21) (5,21)
(8,24) (6,24)
Function Not a Function
10 2 10 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 5 4
7 8 7 7
5 2 5
Function Not a Function
-3 -6 -3 -6
-2 -1 -2 -1
-1 -0 -1 -0
0 3 0 3
1 15 1 15
Function Not a Function
X Y X Y
1 2 1 2
2 4 2 4
3 6 1 5
4 8
3 8
5 10
4 4
6 12
5 10
Function
X -3 0 3 8 -10
Y 6 8 20 4 8
Not a Function
X -2 0 -2 7 -8
Y 6 8 20 4 8
Relations and Functions
You can use the vertical line test to determine whether a relation is a function.
y y
x x
Relations and Functions
Population
The table shows the population of Indiana Year
(millions)
over the last several decades. 1950 3.9
6
1990 5.5
Use the vertical
Population
5
(millions)
3
Notice that no vertical line can be drawn that
2
contains more than one of the data points.
1
-2 -4 -2 0 0 -2
-1 -2 -1 -1
0 0 0 1 1 0
1 2 1 1
2 2
2 4 2 2
3.
y y y y
x x x x
y y y y
x x x x
3. 4.
y y y y
x x x x
y y y y
x x x x
4. 5. 6.
y y y y
x x x x
y y y y
x x x x
4. 5. 6. 7.
y y y y
x x x x
y y y y
x x x x
4. 5. 6. 7.
y y y y
x x x x
8. 9. 11.
10.
y y y y
x x x x
input output y
12. 0 14.
1 x
5
2
3
x y
15. input output
13. -3 -1 -2 3
-3 0 4
-1
-3 1 5
-3 2 0 6
Let’s Check!
Answers
1. 2. 3.
-2 -4 -2 0 0 -2
-1 -2 -1 -1
0 0 0 1 1 0
1 2 1 1
2 2
2 4 2 2
Function Function Not a Function
4. 5. 6. 7.
y y y y
x x x x
x x x x
3 0
f(x)
5 2
f(x)
4 3
f(x)
5 2
f(x) NO,
5
f(x)
3 5 is paired with 2 numbers!
6 6
f(x)
1 9
f(x)
Is this relation a function?
{(1,3), (2,3), (3,3)}
1. Yes
2. No
Answer Now
Vertical Line Test (pencil test)
If any vertical line passes through
more than one point of the graph,
then that relation is not a function.
Are these functions?
FUNCTION!
NO!
NO!
FUNCTION!
Is this a graph of a function?
1. Yes
2. No
Answer Now
Relations and Functions
When an equation represents a function, the variable (usually x) whose values make
up the domain is called the independent variable.
Relations and Functions
y = f (x )
Input
Output Name of
Function
Given f(x) = 3x - 2, find:
1) f(3) = 7
3 3(3)-2 7
2) f(-2) = -8
-2 3(-2)-2 -8
Given h(z) = z2 - 4z + 9, find h(-
3)
-3 2
(-3) -4(-3)+9 30
9 + 12 + 9
h(-3) = 30
Relations and Functions
f(-3)
Relations and Functions
f(-3)
f(x) = x2 + 2
Relations and Functions
f(-3)
f(x) = x2 + 2
f(-3) = (-3)2 + 2
Relations and Functions
f(-3)
f(x) = x2 + 2
f(-3) = (-3)2 + 2
f(-3) = 9 + 2
Relations and Functions
f(-3)
f(x) = x2 + 2
f(-3) = (-3)2 + 2
f(-3) = 9 + 2
f(-3) = 11
Relations and Functions
f(-3) g(2.8)
f(x) = x2 + 2
f(-3) = (-3)2 + 2
f(-3) = 9 + 2
f(-3) = 11
Relations and Functions
f(-3) g(2.8)
f(x) = x2 + 2 g(x) = 0.5x2 – 5x + 3.5
f(-3) = (-3)2 + 2
f(-3) = 9 + 2
f(-3) = 11
Relations and Functions
f(-3) g(2.8)
f(x) = x2 + 2 g(x) = 0.5x2 – 5x + 3.5
f(-3) = (-3)2 + 2 g(2.8) = 0.5(2.8)2 – 5(2.8) + 3.5
f(-3) = 9 + 2
f(-3) = 11
Relations and Functions
f(-3) g(2.8)
f(x) = x2 + 2 g(x) = 0.5x2 – 5x + 3.5
f(-3) = (-3)2 + 2 g(2.8) = 0.5(2.8)2 – 5(2.8) + 3.5
f(-3) = 9 + 2 g(2.8) = 3.92 – 14 + 3.5
f(-3) = 11
Relations and Functions
f(-3) g(2.8)
f(x) = x2 + 2 g(x) = 0.5x2 – 5x + 3.5
f(-3) = (-3)2 + 2 g(2.8) = 0.5(2.8)2 – 5(2.8) + 3.5
f(-3) = 9 + 2 g(2.8) = 3.92 – 14 + 3.5
f(-3) = 11 g(2.8) = – 6.58
Given g(x) = x –
2 2, find g(4)
1. 2
2. 6
3. 14
4. 18
Answer Now
Given f(x) = 2x + 1, find f(-8)
1. -40
2. -15
3. -8
4. 4
Answer Now
Value of a Function
6
x y 5
4
-1 -1
3
2
0 1
1
0 x
1 3
-1
2 5 -2
-3
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
3) Find the domain and range. 4) Determine whether the relation is a function.
Domain is all real numbers. The graph passes the vertical line test.
Range is all real numbers.
For every x value there is exactly one y value,
so the equation y = 2x + 1 represents a function.
Relations and Functions
5
x y
4
2 -2 3
-1 -1 1
0 x
-2 0 -1
-2
-1 1 -3
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
0
2 2 4) Determine whether the relation is a function.
3) Find the domain and range. The graph does not pass the vertical line test.
Domain is all real numbers, For every x value (except x = -2),
greater than or equal to -2. there are TWO y values,
Range is all real numbers. so the equation x = y2 – 2
DOES NOT represent a function.
Graphs of a Function
Yes
x D: all real numbers
R: y ≥ -6
y
Does the graph represent a
function? Name the domain and
range.
No
x D: x ≥ 1/2
R: all real numbers
y
No
x D: all real numbers
R: all real numbers
y
Does the graph represent a
function? Name the domain and
range.
Yes
x
D: all real numbers
R: y ≥ -6
y
No
x
D: x = 2
R: all real numbers
y
Relations and Functions
End of Lesson