Examples Based on DC Motor

Prepared By
Prof. K. R. Gajjar
Asst. Professor
Electrical (A S & H) Dept.,

ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

(3152001)

SAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(113)
AHMEDABAD
• A 4-pole dc shunt motor has a flux per pole of 0.05 Wb and the armature is lap-wound
with 720 conductors. The shunt field resistance is 220 Ω and armature resistance is
0.2 Ω. Total brush contact drop is 2 V. Determine the speed of the machine when taking
current of 60 A. The voltage is 440 V.
• Given Data: P = 4, φ = 0.05 Wb • Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ
Lap Wound, A=P=4 = 60 − 2
Z = 720 = 58 𝐴
Rsh = 220 Ω
• Back EMF 𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 − 𝑉𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ
Ra = 0.2 Ω
= 440 – (58×0.2) – 2
Brush Drop = 2 V
I = 60 A
= 426.4 V
• We know that
V = 440 V
𝑃∅𝑁 𝑍 ∅𝑁𝑍
• Shunt field Current 𝐸𝑏 = × =
60 𝐴 60
𝑉 440
𝐼𝑠ℎ = = =2A 𝐸𝑔 × 60 426.4 × 60
𝑅𝑠ℎ 220 ∴𝑁= =
• Now ∅𝑍 0.05 × 720
𝐼 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ ∴ 𝑵 = 𝟕𝟏𝟏 𝒓𝒑𝒎
• A 4-pole lap wound dc motor has 480 conductors. The flux per pole is 24 mWb and
armature resistance is 1 Ω. If the motor is connected to a 200 V supply and running at
1000 rpm at no load, calculate (a) Back emf (b) Armature current (c) Output power (4)
Torque.
• Given Data: P = 4, • Armature Current
φ = 24 mWb = 24 x 10-3 Wb 𝑉 − 𝐸𝑏 200 − 192
𝐼𝑎 = =
Lap Wound, A=P=4 𝑅𝑎 1
Z = 480
∴ 𝑰𝒂 = 𝟖𝑨
Ra = 1 Ω
• Output Power 𝑃 = 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎
V = 200 V
∴ 𝑃 = 192 ×8
N = 1000 rpm
• Back EMF ∴ 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟔 𝑾
𝑃∅𝑁 𝑍 ∅𝑁𝑍 • Torque
𝐸𝑏 = × =
60 𝐴 60 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 192 × 8 × 60
𝑇= = =
24 × 10−3 × 1000 × 480 𝜔 2𝜋𝑁ൗ 2 × 𝜋 × 1000
∴ 𝐸𝑏 = = 𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝑽 60
60 ∴ 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟔𝟕 𝑵 − 𝒎
• A 200 V, 4 pole, lap wound, dc shunt motor has 800 conductors of armature winding.
Armature and shunt field winding resistance are 0.5 Ω and 200 Ω respectively. The motor
takes 21 A and flux per pole is 30 mWb. Find speed and torque developed.
• Given Data: V = 200 V • Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ = 21 − 1
P = 4, = 20 𝐴
Lap Wound, A=P=4
Z = 800 • Back EMF 𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 = 200 – (20 ×0.5)
Ra = 0.5 Ω = 190 V
Rsh = 200 • Now
I = 21 A 𝑃∅𝑁 𝑍 ∅𝑁𝑍
φ = 30 mWb = 30 x 10-3 Wb 𝐸𝑏 = × =
60 𝐴 60
• Shunt field Current 𝐸𝑏 × 60 190 × 60
∴𝑁= =
𝑉 200 ∅𝑍 30 × 10−3 × 800
𝐼𝑠ℎ = = =1A
𝑅𝑠ℎ 220 ∴ 𝑵 = 𝟒𝟕𝟓 𝒓𝒑𝒎
• Now
𝐼 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ
• Output Power 𝑃 = 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎
∴ 𝑃 = 190 × 20
∴ 𝑃 = 3800 𝑊

• Torque

𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 190 × 20 × 60
𝑇= = =
𝜔 2𝜋𝑁ൗ 2 × 𝜋 × 475
60
∴ 𝑻 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟑𝟗 𝑵 − 𝒎
• A 4-pole dc shunt motor has a flux per pole of 0.05 Wb & the armature is lap wound with
720 conductors. The shunt field resistance is 220 Ω and armature resistance is 0.2 Ω.
Total Brush contact drop is 2 V. determine the speed of the machine when running (a) as
a motor taking 60 A and (b) as a generator supplying 60 A. the terminal voltage in each
case is 440 V. • Speed When running as a motor
• Given Data: P = 4, A = 4 I = 60 A
φ = 0.5 Wb • Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ = 60 − 2
Z = 720 = 58 𝐴
Ra = 0.2 Ω • Back EMF 𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 − 𝑉𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ
Rsh = 220 Ω = 440 – (58×0.2) – 2
Vbrush = 2 V = 426.4 V
V = 440 V • Now
𝑃∅𝑁 𝑍 𝐸𝑏 × 60 × 𝐴
• Shunt field Current 𝐸𝑏 = × ∴𝑁=
60 𝐴 𝑃∅𝑍
𝑉 440
𝐼𝑠ℎ = = = 2𝐴 426.4 × 60 × 4
𝑅𝑠ℎ 220 ∴𝑁= ∴ 𝑵 = 𝟕𝟏𝟏 𝒓𝒑𝒎
4 × 0.5 × 720
• A 4-pole, 230 V, dc series motor has a wave-wound armature with 480 conductors.
Calculate (a) the speed (b) armature torque (c) efficiency. When the motor current is
40 A. The flux per pole under these condition 20 mWb and rotational losses total 800 W.
Armature resistance = 0.2 Ω and series field resistance is 0.1 Ω.
• Given Data: V = 230 V • Now
P = 4, 𝑃∅𝑁 𝑍
𝐸𝑏 = ×
Wave Wound, A=2 60 𝐴
Z = 480 𝐸𝑏 × 60 × 𝐴 218 × 60 × 2
∴𝑁= =
Ra = 0.2 Ω 𝑃∅𝑍 4 × 20 × 10−3 × 480
Rs = 0.1 Ω ∴ 𝑵 = 𝟔𝟖𝟏 𝒓𝒑𝒎
I = 40 A = Ia = Is • Torque
φ = 20 mWb = 20 x 10-3 Wb
𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 218 × 40 × 60
Rotational losses = 800 W 𝑇= = =
𝜔 2𝜋𝑁ൗ 2 × 𝜋 × 681
60
• Back EMF 𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉 − 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠 )
∴ 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟐 𝑵 − 𝒎
= 230 – [40(0.2 +0.1)]
= 218 V
• Input Power 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 • Output Power = Input – Total losses
∴ 𝑃 = 230 × 40 = 9200 – 1280
∴ 𝑃 = 9200 𝑊 = 7920 W

• Armature Cu loss = 𝐼𝑎2 𝑅𝑎 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡

• % Efficiency = × 100
= 40 2 × 0.2 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
= 320 𝑊 7920
= × 100
9200
• Series field Cu loss = 𝐼𝑠2 𝑅𝑠
%η = 𝟖𝟔 %
2
= 40 × 0.1
= 160 𝑊

• Total Losses = Armature Cu loss + Series field

Cu loss + rotational losses
= 320 + 160 + 800 = 1280 W
• A 250 V, 4 – pole, dc shunt motor has armature resistance of 0.12 Ω and field resistance
of 125 Ω. It has 960 lap connected conductors and a flux of 20 mWb. If the input current
is 30 A. Estimate (1) speed and torque developed (2) % efficiency, if constant losses are
10% of output power of the motor.
• Given Data: V = 250 V 20 × 10−3 × 𝑁 × 960
∴ 𝐸𝑏 =
P = 4, 60
Ra = 0.12 Ω ∴ 𝐸𝑏 = 0.32 𝑁 … … … (1)
Rsh = 125 Ω • Also 𝐸 = 𝑉 − 𝐼 𝑅
𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
Z = 960 = 250 – (𝐼𝑎 × 0.12) … … … (2)
Lap Wound, A=P = 4
• Shunt field Current
φ = 20 mWb = 20 x 10-3 Wb 𝑉 250
I = 30 A 𝐼𝑠ℎ = = =2𝐴
𝑅𝑠ℎ 125
𝑃∅𝑁 𝑍
• Back EMF 𝐸𝑏 = × • Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ = 30 − 2
60 𝐴
= 28 𝐴
∅𝑁𝑍
∴ 𝐸𝑏 =
60
• To find Speed N • To find Efficiency
Equating eqn (1) & eqn (2) Power developed = T × 𝜔 = 85.56 × (2𝜋𝑁Τ60)
0.32 𝑁 = 250 – (𝐼𝑎 × 0.12) = 85.56 × (2×𝜋×771Τ60)
∴ 0.32 𝑁 = 250 – (28 × 0.12) = 6908.023 W
∴ 𝑵 = 𝟕𝟕𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ≈ 𝟕𝟕𝟏 𝒓𝒑𝒎
Constant Losses = 10% x Pout = 0.1 x Pout
• To find Torque T
Power developed = Pout + Constant Losses
𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎
𝑇= = ∴ 6908.023 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 0.1 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝜔 2𝜋𝑁ൗ
60 ∴ 6908.023 = 1.1 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
0.32 × 771 × 28 × 60
∴𝑇= ∴ 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 6280. 021 𝑊
2 × 𝜋 × 771
∴ 𝑻 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟓𝟔 𝑵 − 𝒎 ∴ 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉 × 𝐼 = 250 × 30 = 7500 W
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 6280.021
• % Efficiency = × 100 = × 100 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟕𝟑 %
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 7500
Thank You

Prepared By: K. R. Gajjar