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Antonella Longo · Marco Zappatore
Massimo Villari · Omer Rana
Dario Bruneo · Rajiv Ranjan
Maria Fazio · Philippe Massonet (Eds.)
189
Cloud Infrastructures,
Services, and IoT Systems
for Smart Cities
Second EAI International Conference, IISSC 2017 and CN4IoT 2017
Brindisi, Italy, April 20–21, 2017
Proceedings
123
Lecture Notes of the Institute
for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics
and Telecommunications Engineering 189
Editorial Board
Ozgur Akan
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Paolo Bellavista
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Jiannong Cao
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Geoffrey Coulson
Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Falko Dressler
University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Domenico Ferrari
Università Cattolica Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
Mario Gerla
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
Hisashi Kobayashi
Princeton University, Princeton, USA
Sergio Palazzo
University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Sartaj Sahni
University of Florida, Florida, USA
Xuemin Sherman Shen
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Mircea Stan
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
Jia Xiaohua
City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Albert Y. Zomaya
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8197
Antonella Longo Marco Zappatore
•
Massimo Villari Omer Rana

•
Dario Bruneo Rajiv Ranjan

•
Maria Fazio Philippe Massonet (Eds.)

•
Cloud Infrastructures,
Services, and IoT Systems
for Smart Cities
Second EAI International Conference, IISSC 2017 and CN4IoT 2017
Brindisi, Italy, April 20–21, 2017
Proceedings
123
Editors
Antonella Longo Dario Bruneo
Department of Engineering for Innovation Dipartimento di Ingegneria
University of Salento Università di Messina
Lecce Messina
Italy Italy
Marco Zappatore Rajiv Ranjan
Department of Engineering for Innovation Newcastle University
University of Salento Newcastle upon Tyne
Lecce UK
Italy
Maria Fazio
Massimo Villari DICIEAMA Department
Faculty of Engineering University of Messina
University of Messina Messina
Messina Italy
Italy
Philippe Massonet
Omer Rana CETIC
Cardiff University Charleroi
Cardiff Belgium
UK
ISSN 1867-8211 ISSN 1867-822X (electronic)

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics
and Telecommunications Engineering
ISBN 978-3-319-67635-7 ISBN 978-3-319-67636-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67636-4
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Preface
On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we are honored and pleased to welcome you
to the second edition of the EAI International Conference on ICT Infrastructures and
Services for Smart Cities (IISSC) held in the wonderful location of Santa Chiara
Convent in Brindisi, Italy.
The main objective of this event is twofold. First, the conference aims at dissemi-
nating recent research advancements, offering researchers the opportunity to present
their novel results about the development, deployment, and use of ICT in smart cities.
A second goal is to promote sharing of ideas, partnerships, and cooperation between
everyone involved in shaping the smart city evolution, thus contributing to routing
technical challenges and their impact on the socio-technical smart cities system.
The core mission of the conference is to address key topics on ICT infrastructure
(technologies, models, frameworks) and services in cities and smart communities, in
order to enhance performance and well-being, to reduce costs and resource con-
sumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with their citizens.
The technical program of the conference covers a broad range of hot topics,
spanning over five main tracks: e-health and smart living, privacy and security, smart
transportation, smart industry, and infrastructures for smart cities. The program this
year also included:
• A special session about challenges and opportunities in smart cities, which cut
across and beyond the single field of interests, such as socio-technical challenges
related to the impact of technology and smart cities evolution.
• A showcase, which represents the other pulsing soul of the conference: a place
where industrial partners, public stakeholders, scientific communities from the
pan-European area can share their experiences, projects and developed resources.
We hope to provide a good context for exchanging ideas, challenges, and needs,
gaining from the experiences and achievements of the participants and creating the
proper background for future collaborations.
• Two exciting keynote lectures held, jointly with CN4IoT, by Prof. Antonio Corradi
and Prof. Rebecca Montanari from the University of Bologna, Italy
During the conference, the city of Brindisi opened the Brindisi Smart Lab, a vibrant
incubator of creativity and ideas, for prototyping and sustaining new start-ups, which
will positively impact on the local smart community.
The second edition of EAI IISSC attracted 23 manuscripts from all around the
world. At least two Technical Program Committee (TPC) members were assigned to
review each paper. Each submission went through a rigorous peer-review process. The
authors were then requested to consider the reviewers’ remarks in preparing the final
version of their papers. At the end of the process, 12 papers satisfying the requirements
of quality, novelty, and relevance to the conference scope were selected for inclusion in
VI Preface
the conference proceedings (acceptance rate: 52%). Three more papers were invited by
the TPC owing to the appropriateness of the presented topics.
We are confident that researchers can find in the proceedings possible solutions to
existing or emerging problems and, hopefully, ideas and insights for further activities in
the relevant and wide research area of smart cities.
Moreover, the best conference contribution award was assigned at the end of the
conference by a committee appointed by the TPC chairs based on paper review scores.
We would like to thank all the many persons who contributed to make this con-
ference successful. First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to the
authors of the technical papers: IISSC 2017 would not have been possible without their
valuable contributions.
Special thanks go to the members of the Organizing Committee and to the members
of the Technical Program Committee for their diligent and hard work, especially to
Eng. Marco Zappatore, who deserves a special mention for his constant dedication to
the conference.
We would like also to thank the keynote and invited speakers and the showcase
participants for their invaluable contribution and for sharing their vision with us. Also,
we truly appreciated the perseverance and the hard work of the local organizing sec-
retariat (SPAM Communication): Organizing a conference of this level is a task that
can only be accomplished by the collaborative effort of a dedicated and highly capable
team.
We are grateful for the support received from all the sponsors of the conference.
Major support for the conference was provided by Capgemini Italia and University of
Salento.
In addition, we are grateful to the Municipality and the Province of Brindisi, the
institutions, and the citizens and entrepreneurs of Apulia Region for being close to us in
promoting and being part of this initiative.
Last but not least, we would like to thank all of the participants for coming.
September 2017 Antonella Longo

Massimo Villari
Daniele Napoleone
Preface
The Second International Conference on Cloud, Networking for IoT systems (CN4IoT)
was held in Brindisi, Italy on April 20–21, 2017, as a co-located event of the
Second EAI International Conference on ICT Infrastructures and Services for Smart
Cities.
The mission of CN4IoT 2017 was to serve and promote ongoing research activities
on the uniform management and operation related to software-defined infrastructures,
in particular by analyzing limits and/or advantages in the exploitation of existing
solutions developed for cloud, networking, and IoT. IoT can significantly benefit from
the integration with cloud computing and network infrastructures along with services
provided by big players (e.g., Microsoft, Google, Apple, and Amazon) as well as small
and medium enterprises alike. Indeed, networking technologies implement both virtual
and physical interconnections among cooperating entities and data centers, organizing
them into a unique computing ecosystem. In such a connected ecosystem, IoT appli-
cations can establish a elastic relationship driven by performance requirements (e.g.,
information availability, execution time, monetary budget, etc.) and constraints (e.g.,
input data size, input data streaming rate, number of end-users connecting to that
application, output data size, etc.)
The integration of IoT, networking, and cloud computing can then leverage the
rising of new mash-up applications and services interacting with a multi-cloud
ecosystem, where several cloud providers are interconnected through the network to
deliver a universal decentralized computing environment to support IoT scenarios.
It was our honor to have invited prominent and valuable ICT international experts as
keynote speakers. The conference program comprised technical papers selected
through peer reviews by the TPC members and invited talks. CN4IoT 2017 would not
be a reality without the help and dedication of our conference manager Erika Pokorna
from the European Alliance for Innovation (EAI). We would like to thank the con-
ference committees and the reviewers for their dedicated and passionate work. None of
this would have happened without the support and curiosity of the authors who sent
their papers to this second edition of CN4IoT.
IISSC 2017 Organization
Steering Committee
Imrich Chlamtac CREATE-NET and University of Trento, Italy
Dagmar Cagáňová Slovak University of Technology (STU), Slovakia
Massimo Craglia European Commission, Joint Research Centre,
Digital Earth and Reference Data Unit, Italy
Mauro Draoli University of Rome Tor Vergata, Agenzia per l’Italia
Digitale (AGID), Italy
Antonella Longo University of Salento, Italy
Massimo Villari University of Messina, Italy
Organizing Committee
General Chair
General Co-chair
Technical Program Committee Chair

Marco Zappatore University of Salento, Italy
Workshops Chair
Beniamino Di Martino University of Naples, Italy
Workshops Co-chairs
Giuseppina Cretella University of Naples, Italy
Antonio Esposito University of Naples, Italy
Publicity and Social Media Chair

Sponsorship and Exhibits Chair

Alessandro Musumeci CDTI: Association of IT Managers, Italy
Publications Chair
Mario Alessandro University of Salento, Italy
Bochicchio
X IISSC 2017 Organization
Local Chair
Web Chair
Marco Zappatore University of Salento, Italy
Panels Chair
Dagmar Cagáňová Slovak University of Technology (STU), Slovakia
Panels Co-chairs
Natália Horňáková Institute of Industrial Engineering and Management,
MTF, Slovakia
Viera Gáťová Slovak University of Technology (STU), Slovakia
Smart City Challenges and Needs Special Event Program Chair

Daniele Napoleone Capgemini Italia, Italy
Conference Manager
Lenka Koczová EAI, European Alliance for Innovation, Slovakia
Technical Program Committee

Aitor Almeida Universidad de Deusto, Spain
Christos Bouras University of Patras, Greece
Dagmar Caganova MTF, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia
Antonio Celesti University of Messina, Italy
Angelo Coluccia University of Salento, Italy
Giuseppina Cretella University of Naples, Italy
Marco Del Coco ISASI, CNR, Italy
Simone Di Cola The University of Manchester, UK
Beniamino Di Martino Second University of Naples, Italy
Yucong Duan Hainan University, China
Gianluca Elia University of Salento, Italy
Antonio Esposito University of Naples, Italy
Maria Fazio University of Messina, Italy
Viera Gáťová MTF, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia
Julius Golej Institute of Management, Slovak University
of Technology, Slovakia
Natalia Horňáková MTF, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia
Verena Kantere Université de Genève, Switzerland
Vaggelis Kapoulas Computer Technology Institute and Press Diophantus,
Greece
Diego López-de-Ipiña Universidad de Deusto, Spain
Luca Mainetti University of Salento, Italy
IISSC 2017 Organization XI
Johann M. Marquez-Barja CONNECT Centre for Future Networks

and Communications, Trinity College, Ireland
Kevin McFall Kennesaw State University, USA
Nicola Mezzetti University of Trento, Italy
Gianmario Motta Università di Pavia, Italy
Pablo Orduña Universidad de Deusto, Spain
Luigi Patrono University of Salento, Italy
Andreas Pester Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Austria
Maria Teresa Restivo University of Porto, Portugal
Manfred Schrenk CORP, Competence Center of Urban and Regional
Planning, Austria
Juraj Sipko Institute of Economic Research, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Slovakia
Luigi Spedicato University of Salento, Italy
Daniela Spirkova Institute of Management, Slovak University
of Technology, Slovakia
Emanuele Storti Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
Luciano Tarricone University of Salento, Italy
Mira Trebar University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Thrasyvoulos Tsiatsos Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Jekaterina Tsukrejeva Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
Lucia Vaira University of Salento, Italy
Isabella Wagner Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI), Austria
Krzysztof Witkowski University of Zielona Góra, Poland
Stefano Za eCampus University, Italy
CN4IoT 2017 Organization
Steering Committee
Steering Committee Chair
Imrich Chlamtac CREATE-NET, Italy
Steering Committee Members

Burak Kantarci Clarkson University, NY, USA
Georgiana Copil TU Vienna, Austria
Schahram Dustdar TU Vienna, Austria
Prem Prakash Jayaraman CSIRO, Digital Productivity Flagship, Australia
Rajiv Ranjan CSIRO, Digital Productivity Flagship, Australia
Joe Weinman Chief IEEE Intercloud Testbed, Telx, NY, USA
Frank Leymann IASS, Stuttgart University, Germany
Organizing Committee
General Chair
Technical Program Committee Chairs

Omer Rana Cardiff University, UK
Dario Bruneo University of Messina, Italy
Rajiv Ranjan Newcastle University, UK
Website Chair
Publicity and Social Media Chair

Luca Foschini Bologna University, Italy
Workshops Chair
Giuseppe Di Modica University of Catania, Italy
XIV CN4IoT 2017 Organization
Sponsorship and Exhibits Chair

Publications Chairs
Maria Fazio University of Messina, Italy
Philippe Massonet CETIC, Belgium
Local Chair
Technical Program Committee

Rui Aguiar University of Aveiro, Portugal
David Breitgand IBM Haifa Research Lab, Israel
Clarissa Cassales Huawei European Research Center, Munich, Germany
Marquezan
Walter Cerroni DEIS University of Bologna, Italy
Lydia Chen IBM, Zurich Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
Stefano Chessa Università di Pisa, Italy
Raymond Choo University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Stuart Clayman University College London, UK
Panagiotis Demestichas University of Piraeus Research Center, Greece
Spyros Denazis University of Patras, Greece
Jose de Souza UFC, Brazil
Giuseppe Di Modica University of Catania, Italy
Filip de Turck Ghent University – IBBT, Belgium
Stefano Giordano Università di Pisa, Italy
Shiyan Hu MTU, USA
Prem Prakash Jayaraman RMIT, Australia
Gregory Katsaros Intel, Santa Clara, CA, USA
Chang Liu CSIRO, Australia
Karan Mitra Lulea Institute of Technology, Sweden
Amir Molzam Sharifloo University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Surya Nepal CSIRO, Australia
Charith Perera Open University, UK
Dana Petcu Institute e-Austria Timisoara, Romania
Omer Rana Cardiff University, UK
Rajiv Ranjan CSIRO, Australia
Roberto Riggio CREATE-NET, Italy
Susana Sargento Institute of Telecommunications, University of Aveiro,
Portugal
CN4IoT 2017 Organization XV
Ellis Solaiman Newcastle University, UK

Daniel Sun Data61, Australia
Dhaval Thakker Bradford University, UK
Chris Woods Huawei Ireland
Yang Xiang Deakin University, Australia
Contents
IISSC: Smart City Services
Comparison of City Performances Through Statistical Linked

Data Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Claudia Diamantini, Domenico Potena, and Emanuele Storti
Analyzing Last Mile Delivery Operations in Barcelona’s Urban

Freight Transport Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Burcu Kolbay, Petar Mrazovic, and Josep Llus Larriba-Pey
A System for Privacy-Preserving Analysis of Vehicle Movements. . . . . . . . . 23

Gianluca Lax, Francesco Buccafurri, Serena Nicolazzo,
Antonino Nocera, and Filippo Ermidio
Deploying Mobile Middleware for the Monitoring of Elderly People

with the Internet of Things: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Alessandro Fiore, Adriana Caione, Daniele Zappatore,
Gianluca De Mitri, and Luca Mainetti
Detection Systems for Improving the Citizen Security and Comfort

from Urban and Vehicular Surveillance Technologies: An Overview . . . . . . . 37
Karim Hammoudi, Halim Benhabiles, Mahmoud Melkemi,
and Fadi Dornaika
IISSC: Smart City Infrastructures
A Public-Private Partnerships Model Based on OneM2M and OSGi

Enabling Smart City Solutions and Innovative Ageing Services . . . . . . . . . . 49
Paolo Lillo, Luca Mainetti, and Luigi Patrono
eIDAS Public Digital Identity Systems: Beyond Online Authentication

to Support Urban Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Francesco Buccafurri, Gianluca Lax, Serena Nicolazzo,
and Antonino Nocera
Knowledge Management Perception in Industrial Enterprises Within

the CEE Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Ivan Szilva, Dagmar Caganova, Manan Bawa, Lubica Pechanova,
and Natalia Hornakova
XVIII Contents
Cold Chain and Shelf Life Prediction of Refrigerated Fish – From Farm
to Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Mira Trebar
A HCE-Based Authentication Approach for Multi-platform Mobile Devices . . . 84

Luigi Manco, Luca Mainetti, Luigi Patrono, Roberto Vergallo,
and Alessandro Fiore
IISSC: Smart Challenges and Needs
Smart Anamnesis for Gyn-Obs: Issues and Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Lucia Vaira and Mario A. Bochicchio
Mobile Agent Service Model for Smart Ambulance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Sophia Alami-Kamouri, Ghizlane Orhanou, and Said Elhajji
Extension to Middleware for IoT Devices, with Applications

in Smart Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Christos Bouras, Vaggelis Kapoulas, Vasileios Kokkinos,
Dimitris Leonardos, Costas Pipilas, and Nikolaos Papachristos
An Analysis of Social Data Credibility for Services Systems in Smart

Cities – Credibility Assessment and Classification of Tweets . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Iman Abu Hashish, Gianmario Motta, Tianyi Ma, and Kaixu Liu
Data Management Challenges for Smart Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Devis Bianchini, Valeria De Antonellis, Michele Melchiori,
Paolo Bellagente, and Stefano Rinaldi
Conference on Cloud Networking for IoT (CN4IoT)
Investigating Operational Costs of IoT Cloud Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Edua Eszter Kalmar and Attila Kertesz
Nomadic Applications Traveling in the Fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Christoph Hochreiner, Michael Vögler, Johannes M. Schleicher,
Christian Inzinger, Stefan Schulte, and Schahram Dustdar
Fog Paradigm for Local Energy Management Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Amir Javed, Omer Rana, Charalampos Marmaras, and Liana Cipcigan
Orchestration for the Deployment of Distributed Applications with

Geographical Constraints in Cloud Federation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Massimo Villari, Giuseppe Tricomi, Antonio Celesti, and Maria Fazio
Web Services for Radio Resource Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Evelina Pencheva and Ivaylo Atanasov
Contents XIX
Big Data HIS of the IRCCS-ME Future: The Osmotic Computing

Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Lorenzo Carnevale, Antonino Galletta, Antonio Celesti, Maria Fazio,
Maurizio Paone, Placido Bramanti, and Massimo Villari
Dynamic Identification of Participatory Mobile Health Communities . . . . . . . 208

Isam Mashhour Aljawarneh, Paolo Bellavista, Carlos Roberto De Rolt,
and Luca Foschini
Securing Cloud-Based IoT Applications with Trustworthy Sensing . . . . . . . . 218

Ihtesham Haider and Bernhard Rinner
Secure Data Sharing and Analysis in Cloud-Based Energy

Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Eirini Anthi, Amir Javed, Omer Rana, and George Theodorakopoulos
IoT and Big Data: An Architecture with Data Flow and Security Issues. . . . . 243
Deepak Puthal, Rajiv Ranjan, Surya Nepal, and Jinjun Chen
IoT Data Storage in the Cloud: A Case Study in Human Biometeorology . . . 253
Brunno Vanelli, A.R. Pinto, Madalena P. da Silva, M.A.R. Dantas,
M. Fazio, A. Celesti, and M. Villari
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

IISSC: Smart City Services
Comparison of City Performances Through
Statistical Linked Data Exploration
Claudia Diamantini, Domenico Potena, and Emanuele Storti(B)
Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Universita Politecnica delle Marche,

via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
{c.diamantini,d.potena,e.storti}@univpm.it
Abstract. The capability to perform comparisons of city performances

can be an important guide for stakeholders to detect strengths and weak-
nesses and to set up strategies for future urban development. Today, the
rise of the Open Data culture in public administrations is leading to
a larger availability of statistical datasets in machine-readable formats,
e.g. the RDF Data Cube. Although these allow easier data access and
consumption, appropriate evaluation mechanisms are still needed to per-
form proper comparisons, together with an explicit representation of how
statistical indicators are calculated. In this work, we discuss an approach
for analysis and comparison of statistical Linked Data which is based on
the formal and mathematical representation of performance indicators.
Relying on this knowledge model, a set of logic-based services are able
to support novel typologies of comparison of different resources.
Keywords: Statistical datasets · Performance indicators · Logic

reasoning · Smart cities
1 Introduction
Performance monitoring is becoming a more and more important tool in plan-
ning and assessing efficiency and effectiveness of services and infrastructures in
urban contexts. This increasing attention is witnessed also by projects (e.g.,
CITYKeys1 ), standards (e.g., ISO 37120:2014, ISO/TS 37151:2015) and initia-
tives at international level (e.g., Green Digital Charter2 , European Smart City
Index) which push forward the definition of shared frameworks for performance
measurement at city level. Statistical data are capable of more effectively guiding
municipal administrations in the decision making process and foster civic partic-
ipation. They can also impact on the capability to attract private investments,
which may be stimulated by opportunities that are made explicit by quantitative
evidences and comparisons between different municipalities. Also thanks to the
rise of the Open Data culture in public administrations, today statistical datasets
are more frequently available and accessible in machine-readable formats. This
1
http://citykeys-project.eu/.
2
http://www.greendigitalcharter.eu/.
c ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2018
A. Longo et al. (Eds.): IISSC 2017/CN4IoT 2017, LNICST 189, pp. 3–12, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67636-4_1
4 C. Diamantini et al.
enables the possibility to adapt to cities methods and solutions exploited for
decades in enterprise contexts to assess the achievement of business objectives.
A recent trend in this respect is to publish statistical data according to the
RDF Data Cube vocabulary3 , a W3C standard for the representation of sta-
tistical datasets in the web. This format follows the Linked Data approach and
conceptually resorts to the multidimensional model [1] adopted in enterprise con-
texts for Data Warehouses, as observed values (e.g., level of CO2) are organized
along a group of dimensions (e.g., time and place, as the measure is taken daily
and each value refers to a specific monitoring station in the city), together with
associated metadata. The publication of performance datasets according to the
Linked Data approach allows to reduce heterogeneity, as measures from different
datasets may be aligned with the same definition of indicator. However, besides
it is a concrete step towards an easier access and interoperability among differ-
ent datasets, appropriate mechanisms to evaluate and compare performances are
yet to come. One of the main reasons is related to the lack of a shared, explicit
and unambiguous way to define indicators. Indeed, no meaningful comparisons
of performance can be made without the awareness of how indicators are cal-
culated. To make an example, if we were interested in comparing the ratios of
delayed trips in two public transportation systems, we would require to under-
stand how such ratios are actually computed, e.g. if the first summed up trips
made by trams and bus, while the second considered only the latter, the risk
would be to derive wrong consequences and take uneffective decisions.
With the purpose to address the above mentioned issues, in this paper we
propose a logic-based approach to enable the comparison of datasets published
by different municipalities as Linked Open Data. The approach is based on the
formal, ontological representation of indicators together with their calculation
formulas. Measures are then declaratively mapped to these definitions in order
to express their semantics. In this way, the ontology serves as a reference library
of indicators that can be incrementally extended. Finally, a set of services, built
on the top of the model and exploiting reasoning functions, offers functionalities
to determine if two datasets are comparable, and to what extent. The rest of
this work is organised as follows: next Section briefly presents a case study
that will be used throughout the paper. In Sect. 3 we discuss an ontology to
formally represent statistical indicators with their calculation formulas, and we
introduce the representation of statistical data according to the RDF Data Cube
vocabulary. These models and languages are exploited in Sect. 4 to provide a
set of services aimed to support analysis and comparisons of Linked datasets.
Finally, in Sect. 5 we provide conclusions and outline future work.
2 Case Study: Bike Sharing Services
Alternative, more sustainable and energy-efficient forms of urban mobility are

among the major goals of many smart cities initiatives, both at national and
3
https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/.
Comparison of City Performances 5
international level. Several cities have already started to share data about trans-
port services with a larger audience as open data. In the following, we introduce
a case study focusing on bike sharing services provided by two municipalities,
CityA and CityB . The example is a simplified version of actual datasets pub-
lished by a set of US municipalities including New York4 , Chattanooga5 and
many others. In details, let us suppose that each municipality provides a library
of datasets, as follows:
– CityA measures the total distance (in miles) of bike rides, aggregated with
respect to user type (residents/tourists) and time, and the population through
dimension time.
– CityB measures the total distance of bike rides for residents and the total
distance of rides for tourists aggregated with respect to time; it also measures
the population with respect to time.
3 Data and Knowledge Layer

In this Section we discuss the models and languages that are used in this work
to represent performance indicators (Subsect. 3.1) and datasets (Subsect. 3.2)
according to the Linked Data approach.
3.1 Modeling of Performance Indicators

Reference libraries of indicators, e.g. VRM or SCOR [2], have been used as a ref-
erence for a long time, especially for performance management in the enterprise
domain. More recently, the interest in the systematisation and organisation of
the huge amount of existing PIs is witnessed by many collections of indicators
proposed by public bodies or specific projects (e.g., [3] in the context of smart
cities). Most of them, however, are not machine-readable and lack formal seman-
tics. Several work in the Literature tried to fill this gap, proposing ontologies for
declarative definition of indicators (e.g., [4,5]), even though in most cases they
do not include an explicit representation of formulas capable to describe how to
calculate composite indicators from others. On the other hand, the representa-
tion of mathematical expressions in computer systems has been investigated for
a variety of tasks like information sharing and automatic calculation. The most
notable and recent examples are MathML and OpenMath [6], mainly targeted
to represent formulas in the web.
In the context of this work, indicators and their formulas are formally rep-
resented in KPIOnto, an ontology conceptually relying on the multidimensional
model and originally conceived as a knowledge base for a performance monitor-
ing framework for highly distributed enterprise environments [7]. As reported in
Fig. 1, within the classes defined in KPIOnto6 for the purpose of this work we
focus on the following:
4
https://www.citibikenyc.com/system-data.
5
https://data.chattlibrary.org/.
6
Full ontology specification is available online at http://w3id.org/kpionto.
Fig. 1. KPIOnto: main classes and properties.
– Indicator, that represents a quantitative metric (or measure) together with

a set of properties, e.g. one or more compatible dimensions, a formula, a unit
of measurement, a business objective and an aggregation function.
– Formula, that formally represents an indicator as a function of other indica-
tors. An indicator can indeed be either atomic or compound, built by com-
bining several other indicators through a mathematical expression. Operators
are represented as defined by OpenMath [6], an extensible XML-based stan-
dard for representing the semantics of mathematical objects. On the other
hand, operands can be defined as indicators, constants or, recursively, as other
formulas.
As regards the case study, we define indicators Distance and TotalPopulation
for CityA , Distance Tourists and Distance Citizens for CityB .
3.2 Representation of Statistical Datasets

Several standards for representation of statistical data on the web have been
adopted in the past with the purpose to improve their interpretation and inter-
operability, e.g. SDMX (Statistical data and metadata exchange) [8] and DDI
(Data Documentation Initiative)7 just to mention the most notable examples. In
the last years, in order to rely on more flexible and general solutions for publish-
ing statistical datasets on the web, several RDF vocabularies have been proposed
in the Literature. To address the limits of early approaches (e.g., the capability to
properly represent dimensions, attributes and measures or to group together data
values sharing the same structure), the Data Cube vocabulary (QB) [9], was pro-
posed by W3C to publish statistical data on the web as RDF following the Linked
Data principles. According to the multidimensional model, the QB language
defines the schema of a cube as a set of dimensions, attributes and measures
through the corresponding classes qb:DimensionProperty, qb:AttributeProperty
and qb:MeasureProperty. Data instances are represented in QB as a set of
qb:Observations, that can be optionally grouped in subsets named Slices.
7
http://www.ddialliance.org/.
To make an example about the case study of Sect. 2, the data structure of the
first dataset for CityA includes the following components:
– cityA:Distance, a qb:MeasureProperty for the total distance;

– sdmx-dimension:timePeriod, a qb:DimensionProperty for the time of the
observation;
– cityA:userType, a qb:DimensionProperty for the user type.
Please note that the prefix “qb:” stands for the specification of the Data
Cube vocabulary8 , “sdmx-dimension:” points to the SDMX vocabulary for
standard dimensions9 , while “cityA:” is a custom namespace for describing
measures, dimensions and members of the dataset for CityA . In order to
make datasets comparable, the approach we take in this work is to rely on
KPIOnto as reference vocabulary to define indicators. As such, instances of
MeasureProperty as defined in Data Cube datasets have to be semantically
aligned with instances of kpi:Indicator, through a RDF property as fol-
lows: cityA:Distance rdfs:isDefinedBy kpi:TotalDistance. In this way,
the semantics of the measure Distance, as used by CityA , will be provided by
the corresponding concept of TotalDistance in KPIOnto.
For what concerns observations, i.e. data values, we report an example about
the measure Distance for CityA , for time December, 5th 2016 (time dimension),
and user type citizen:
cityA:obs001 a qb:Observation;
sdmx-dimension:timePeriod"2016-12-05"^^xsd:date;
cityA:userType cityA:resident;
cityA:Distance 80214;
qb:dataSet cityA:dataset1.
4 Services for Analysis and Comparison of Datasets
In this Section we discuss a set of services that are aimed to support analysis and
comparisons of statistical datasets. As depicted in Fig. 2, services are built on
top of the Data/knowledge layer, while access to datasets is performed through
SPARQL queries over corresponding endpoints. A single endpoint may serve a
library of datasets belonging to the same municipality. In the first subsection, we
introduce the reasoning framework, which comprises basic logical functions for
formula manipulation, on which the others rely, while in Subsect. 4.2 we focus
on services for dataset analysis and comparison. Further services are available
in the framework and devised to support indicator management, which enable
the definition of new indicators and exploration of indicator structures. For lack
of space, we refer the interested reader to a previous work of ours discussing in
detail these services [7].
8
https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/.
9
http://purl.org/linked-data/sdmx/2009/dimension.
Fig. 2. Architecture of the framework.
In the following, we will refer to the example introduced in Sect. 2. After

the definition of the indicators, we assume these mappings have been defined
between datasets’ measures and KPIOnto indicators:
cityA:Distance rdfs :isDefinedBy kpi:Distance.
cityA:Population rdfs:isDefinedBy kpi:TotalPopulation.
cityB:Distance Residents rdfs :isDefinedBy kpi:Distance Citizens.
cityB:Distance Tourists rdfs :isDefinedBy kpi:Distance Tourists.
cityB:Population rdfs:isDefinedBy kpi:TotalPopulation.
Let us suppose also that the formula kpi:Distance=kpi:Distance Citizens +

kpi:Distance Tourists is defined by the user to state that the indicator can be
calculated as the summation of the two types of distances. Moreover, let us sup-
pose that the user is interested to better understand the inclination of the local
population in using bike sharing services. For this reason, the user will define
a further indicator AvgDistancePerCitizen, with formula kpi:Distance P opulation
kpi:T otalP opulation ,
which measures the distance covered on average by residents. As for dimen-
sions, for simplicity we assume that the time dimension is defined as sdmx-
dimension:timePeriod in all datasets10 .
4.1 Reasoning on Indicator Formulas

A set of logic-based functionalities are defined to enable an easy and transparent
management of the indicator formulas defined according to KPIOnto. We refer
in particular to Prolog as logic language for its versatility, capability of symbolic
manipulation as well as for the wide availability of well-documented reasoners
10
Please note that owl:sameAs links can be defined between different definitions of
the same dimension for interoperability purposes.
and tools. Indicators formulas are thus translated to Prolog facts, and a set of
custom reasoning functions is defined to support common formula manipulations
exploited by services discussed in the next subsections, among which:
– solve equation(eq,indicator), which is capable to solve the equation eq

with respect to variable indicator;
– get formulas(ind), which returns all possible rewritings of the formula
for a given indicator; the predicate is capable to manipulate the whole
set of formulas and find alternative rewritings by applying mathemati-
cal axioms (e.g., commutativity, associativity, distributivity and properties
of equality). This also allows to derive a formula for an atomic indica-
tor, e.g. Distance Citizens=AvgDistanceP erCitizen ∗ T otalP opulation is
inferred by solving the AvgDistancePerCitizen formula w.r.t. the variable Dis-
tance Citizens.
– derive all indicators(measures), which returns a list of all the indicators
that can be calculated starting from those provided in input. The function
exploits get formulas to decompose all the available indicators in any pos-
sible way, and each of these rewriting is checked against the list in input.
If there is a match, the solution is returned in output, e.g. if in input
we have {Distance Citizens,TotalPopulation}, the function returns the list
{Distance Citizens,TotalPopulation,AvgDistancePerCitizen}, as the last indi-
cator can be calculated from the others through the formula Distance Citizens
T otalP opulation .
Such functionalities are built upon PRESS (PRolog Equation Solving System)
[37], a library of predicates formalizing algebra in Logic Programming, which
are capable to manipulate formulas according to mathematical axioms. We refer
interested readers to previous work specifically focused on this reasoning frame-
work [7,10], which includes also computational analyses on efficiency of these
logic functions.
4.2 Dataset Comparison and Evaluation
In order to enable performance analyses across multiple datasets, belonging to

the same or different libraries (i.e. to different municipalities), a preliminary
evaluation must be performed in order to verify whether they are comparable
and to what extent. The services discussed in this subsection are hence devised
to assess comparability taking into account both measures and dimensions. In
detail, we define two datasets comparable at schema level if their schemas (i.e.
the DataStructure in the Data Cube model) have a non-empty intersection in
terms of measures and dimensions. Hereafter, we consider two different cases,
namely how to determine the comparable measures of two given datasets and,
in turn, how to determine which datasets are comparable with a given indicator.
Evaluation of comparable measures and dimensions. Given two libraries
of datasets and their endpoints, the service get common indicators retrieves
available and derivable indicators from each dataset and compares them.
1 get common indicators(endpoint1,endpoint2):

2 I1= get all indicators (endpoint1)
3 I2= get all indicators (endpoint2)
4 return I1∩I2
5
6 get all indicators (endpoint):
7 measures←get measures(endpoint)
8 ∀ m ∈ measures:
9 indicators ←get ind from mea(m,endpoint)
10 availableIndicators ←derive all indicators(indicators)
11 return availableIndicators
In detail, the service get all indicators firstly retrieves all the MeasureProp-
erties from each library of datasets by executing this SPARQL query to the
corresponding endpoint (line 7):
SELECT ?m ?dataset
WHERE {?dataset qb:structure ?s.
?s qb:component ?c.
?c qb:measure ?m.}
Then, for each measure m the service gets the corresponding KPIOnto indicator
(see line 9) through the query:
SELECT ?ind
WHERE {<m> rdfs:isDefinedBy ?ind.}
Finally, the service calls the logic function derive all indicators (line 5),
which is capable to derive all indicators that can be calculated from the avail-
able measures through mathematical manipulation. Once compatible measures
are found, a similar check is made with respect to dimensions, i.e. firstly the
dimensions related to each compatible measure are retrieved, and finally such
sets are compared in order to find the common subset.
Let us consider the comparison of libraries CityA and CityB . Indicators
from the former are IA ={kpi:Distance, kpi:TotalPopulation}. On the other
hand, CityB includes indicators {kpi:Distance Citizens, kpi:Distance Tourists,
kpi:TotalPopulation}. By using the logical predicate derive all indicators on
this last set, the reasoner infers that IB ={kpi:Distance Citizens, kpi:Distance
Tourists, kpi:TotalPopulation, kpi:Distance, kpi:AvgDistancePerCitizen}. Indeed,
the last two indicators can be calculated from kpi:Distance=kpi:Distance Citizens
+ kpi:Distance Tourists and kpi:AvgDistancePerCitizen= kpi:Distance Citizens
kpi:T otalP opulation . As
a conclusion, the two libraries share the indicator set IA ∩ IB = {kpi:Distance,
kpi:TotalPopulation}. Please also note that without the explicit representation
of formulas and logic reasoning on their structure, only TotalPopulation would
have been obtained. Both indicators are comparable only through dimension sdmx-
dimension:timePeriod. In particular, kpi:Distance is measured by CityA also along
the user type dimension. This means that some manipulation (i.e. aggregation)
must be performed on CityA values before the indicator can be actually used for
comparisons.
Search for datasets measuring a given indicator. Given an indicator, a

list of dataset libraries and the corresponding endpoints, the service returns
those datasets in which the indicator at hand is available or from which it can
be calculated. The approach relies on the exploitation of KPIOnto definitions
of indicator formulas, and Logic Programming functions capable to manipulate
them. Firstly, for each library the following query is performed to determine if
the indicator is explicitly provided by some dataset:
SELECT ?m ?dataset
WHERE {?dataset qb:structure ?s.
?s qb:component ?c.
?c qb:measure ?m.
?m rdfs:isDefinedBy <indicator>.}
In case the response is negative, the service (1) derives all possible
alternative ways to calculate the indicator through the logic function
get formulas. Then (2) it searches into the libraries for combinations of
datasets including those measures. Let us suppose to search for the indi-
cator kpi:AvgDistancePerCitizen in datasets of CityA and CityB . Given
that such an indicator is not directly available in any City, the ser-
vice calls the get formulas predicate, which returns two solutions, i.e.
(kpi:Distance−kpi:Distance T ourists)
s1 = kpi:Distance Citizens
kpi:T otalP opulation and s2 = kpi:T otalP opulation . Please
note that this last is a rewriting of s1 , obtained by solving the formula
kpi:Distance=kpi:Distance Citizens+kpi:Distance Tourists, with respect to the
variable kpi:Distance Citizens. At step 2, each solution is tested against the
libraries. Checking a solution means to verify, through queries like the one
above, that every operand of the solution is measured by a dataset in the
library at hand. As for CityB , solution s1 can be used, as it includes both mea-
sure cityB:Distance Residents (that corresponds to kpi:Distance Citizens)
and cityB:Population (corresponding to kpi:TotalPopulation). As for CityA ,
instead, no solution is valid, as it lacks both kpi:Distance Citizens (needed
by s1 ) and kpi:Distance Tourists (required by s2 ):
Library Formula Measures

kpi:Distance Citizens
CityA kpi:T otalP opulation × kpi:Distance Citizens
kpi:TotalPopulation←cityA:Population
kpi:Distance−kpi:Distance T ourists
CityA kpi:T otalP opulation kpi:Distance←cityA:Distance
× kpi:Distance Tourists
kpi:TotalPopulation←cityA:Population
kpi:Distance Citizens
CityB kpi:T otalP opulation kpi:Distance Citizens←CityB:Distance Residents
kpi:TotalPopulation←CityB:Population
The service reports as output, for each solution, the used formula and
the available measures, specifying the corresponding mappings between the
KPIOnto indicators and the specific MeasureProperty names, according to
rdfs:isDefinedBy properties. Output includes also partial solutions (like the first
two), in order to make users be aware of which specific measures are missing.
5 Discussion and Future Work

In this work, we discussed a knowledge-based approach to the representation
and the comparisons of city performances referring to different urban settings,
published as Linked Data and monitored through specific indicators. So far,
KPIOnto has been used in a variety of applications, ranging from performance
monitoring in the context of collaborative organizations, to serving as a knowl-
edge model to support ontology-based data exploration of indicators [10].
As for RDF Data Cube, we note that some limitations make it not perfectly
suited to a variety of real applications, mainly for its lack of proper support for
the representation of dimension hierarchies. Some possible extensions have been
already proposed in the Literature to overcome such limits (e.g., QB4OLAP
[11]), that will be considered in future work. Furthermore, we are investigating
to provide a more fine-grained comparison between datasets by means of a more
comprehensive notion of comparability taking into account both schema and
instance levels of datasets.
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978-3-319-10160-6 5
Analyzing Last Mile Delivery Operations
in Barcelona’s Urban Freight Transport Network
Burcu Kolbay1(B) , Petar Mrazovic2 , and Josep Llus Larriba-Pey1

1
DAMA-UPC Data Management, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya,
C/Jordi Girona, 1 3 UPC Campus Nord, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
{burcu,larri}@ac.upc.edu
2
Department of Software and Computer Systems,
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
mrazovic@kth.se
http://www.dama.upc.edu/en
http://www.kth.se
Abstract. Barcelona has recently started a new strategy to control and

understand Last Mile Delivery, AreaDUM. The strategy is to provide
freight delivery vehicle drivers with a mobile app that has to be used
every time their vehicle is parked in one of the designated AreaDUM
surface parking spaces in the streets of the city. This provides a significant
amount of data about the activity of the freight delivery vehicles, their
patterns, the occupancy of the spaces, etc.
In this paper, we provide a preliminary set of analytics preceded by
the procedures employed for the cleansing of the dataset. During the
analysis we show that some data blur the results and using a simple
strategy to detect when a vehicle parks repeatedly in close-by parking
slots, we are able to obtain different, yet more reliable results. In our
paper, we show that this behavior is common among users with 80%
prevalence. We conclude that we need to analyse and understand the user
behaviors further with the purpose of providing predictive algorithms to
find parking lots and smart routing algorithms to minimize traffic.
Keywords: Urban freight · Clustering · Partitioning Around Medoids ·

User behavior · Smart City · AreaDUM
1 Introduction
Barcelona is considered to be among the smartest cities in the planet. The IESE
ranking [1] puts the city in position 33 with a significant amount of projects
carried on. It is not necessarily the technology which makes Barcelona smart; the
economy, environment, government, mobility, life and people are other indicators
which help defining the city as smart.
Barcelona released an urban mobility plan for 2013/2018, where the need for
a smart platform was pointed out in order to improve the efficiency, effectiveness
and compatibility of freight delivery areas and the distribution of goods to reduce
c ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2018
A. Longo et al. (Eds.): IISSC 2017/CN4IoT 2017, LNICST 189, pp. 13–22, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67636-4_2
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inside but Mr. and Mrs. Walton and they’ve decided to send him to
Chestnut Hill School.”
“Jiminies, but that chap has possibilities all right,” said Wyne, as
they walked down the street together.
“Impossibilities, you mean. Why they don’t even know where he is
to-night; hasn’t been home since noontime. You know I had him in
my troop; I know something about him.”
“Two fellows in my patrol are so nutty about him that they waited
around here in front of his house to-night just to get a squint at him. I
don’t know, there’s kind of—oh, I don’t know—something about him;
don’t you think so?”
“Oh, there’s plenty about him,” laughed Mr. Talbot, “and I know a
few things that nobody else knows. You take my advice and keep
away from the buzz-saw. The name of Hervey Willetts means
trouble. Corson, when you talk to him and deal with him you get just
absolutely no comeback; there’s nothing to work on.”
“Yet look what he did.”
“Does that kind of thing ever get anybody anywhere?”
“That’s some funny hat he wears, hey?”
Mr. Talbot threw up his hands good-humoredly. “I see he’s got
you,” said he.
Wyne laughed, “Oh, I don’t know; you just can’t help liking him.
He’s different from any fellow I ever knew. He asked the doctor how
much it costs to get tattooed.”
“Well, there’s one thing he hasn’t done yet; I’m surprised at that.
What does he want; mottoes on his arm like on his hat?”
“The doctor seemed to like him,” said Wyne.
“Oh, I don’t doubt that.”
“I thought I might get him into my troop⸺”
“You’re wasting your time, boy. Listen.” Mr. Talbot put his arm over
Wyne’s shoulder as they walked along the street together. “Now I’m
going to tell you something and you mustn’t ever mention it—to
anybody.”
“Yes, but you can’t tell me there’s never anything to get hold of.
When I was trying to save that girl the other day, I thought there
wasn’t anything to get hold of. Well, I got my fingers in her mouth
and I grabbed hold of her chin. I found something to get hold of all
right.”
“And you’re going to California. You’re the biggest hero that’s ever
come under this local council.”
“Yes, because I found something to get hold of.”
“Listen, my boy. Do you think I haven’t tried? Why we had him in
our troop. All last summer he was up at Temple Camp⸺”
“That’s some camp, I guess.”
“I’ll say it is. He’s the only boy in my troop who was lucky enough
to go up there. You know, Corson, Mr. Walton is one of the finest
men that ever lived—absolutely. He’s strong for Temple Camp. You
know it costs something up at that ranch—oh yes. He had Hervey up
there all summer and the little devil was dismissed at the end of the
season. He just did as he pleased all summer. When they were
closing up they let him down easy; told him never to come back. And
they meant it. Mr. Walton doesn’t know anything about this. And
Hervey doesn’t know I know. It came to me indirectly from a
scoutmaster in Clover Valley who had a patrol up there. I wrote up to
camp, saying I was Hervey’s scoutmaster, and asked them about it.
You ought to see the letter I got back. Now Mr. Walton tells me he’s
going to send Hervey up to Chestnut Hill Military Academy for the fall
and winter and next summer up to Temple Camp⸺”
“Good night!”
“Interesting? I just smiled. I thought I wouldn’t say anything; just
let matters take their course. If I can’t help Hervey, at least I don’t
want to hurt him. Mr. and Mrs. Walton are going to Europe next
summer and Hervey’s going up to Temple Camp. I think Mr. and Mrs.
are entitled to a vacation.”
“But Hervey can’t go up there,” Wyne said.
“Oh, can’t he! Leave it to him.”
“Does he know he’s going to be sent up there?”
“I dare say.”
“I bet he’s worried.”
“I bet he isn’t. He doesn’t know that word is in the dictionary.”
Wyne shook his head.
“I’ll tell you just what Hervey’ll do if you want to know,” said Mr.
Talbot. “He’s not giving Temple Camp a thought. They didn’t fire him;
he fired them. He’s forgotten all about it. But you know he’s lucky; he
always says he’s lucky. When Mr. Walton sends him up there he’ll go
and he’ll trust to luck. He can’t say that he’s forbidden to go, not now.
He’ll go up there—he’s just reckless enough to do it—and he’ll trust
to doing some big daredevil stunt and being allowed to stay.”
“And he’ll succeed, too, I bet,” said Wyne.
“No, he won’t succeed. They’re not falling for things like that up
there. He’ll be just packed off home as soon as he gets there. And I
don’t know what he’ll do. Mr. and Mrs. Walton won’t be here; the
house will be closed up. But I’m not going to poke my nose in
Hervey’s concerns. It’s like putting your hand in the fire, you just get
burned. There’s nothing to get hold of with Hervey; he’s got to make
his own trail. Why look at to-night! Where do you suppose he is?”
Wyne shrugged his shoulders. And so they walked along in
silence for a few minutes.
“But I had to laugh how he wanted to know about getting
tattooed,” Wyne said finally. He was thinking about Hervey. It was not
just that he wanted to help him either. “I’ve often noticed him on the
street; he never seems to be in a hurry. He’s always kind of fooling
around as he goes along.”
“Oh, he has no idea of time at all,” said Mr. Talbot. “That’s where
military school’s going to do him good. He wanted to bet me he’d
escape!”
“Well, I bet he will,” said Wyne.
“No siree!”
“I don’t know, I kind of think he’d do anything he tries to do.”
“Hmph, well he usually tries to do the wrong things,” said Mr.
Talbot. “But he’s going to do the things that other people want him to
do for a while now,” he added with a chuckle.
“Just the same I bet they liked him up there—at that camp.”
Mr. Talbot laughed, it was so palpable that Wyne Corson was
under Hervey’s spell.
“What’s the matter?” Wyne asked, with just a suggestion of
testiness.
“Nothing. I don’t think they saw a great deal of him up there, if
that’s what you’re asking.”
“Honest, do you think he’ll go up there next summer?”
“He will if you dare him to.”
“No, honest, do you?”
“Of course he will,” Mr. Talbot smiled, then added more seriously.
“What else can he do?”
“Jiminies!” said Wyne with a kind of sorrowful shake of his head.
“Some fix he’s in; I bet he’s worrying.”
“Yes, that’s the trouble with him,” said Mr. Talbot. “He just wore
himself to skin and bone last year worrying about the national debt. I
don’t think I’d lose any sleep over him,” he added seriously; “he isn’t
worrying at all.”
“But what’s he going to do?”
“I don’t know, I’m sure; stand on his head I suppose. Well, here
we are; come in a minute and I’ll show you some scout pictures.”
They lingered for a few minutes in front of Mr. Talbot’s house.
“Wait a second, I’ll see if I’ve got a booklet about Temple Camp,” he
said. “Maybe you’d like to glance it over. I wish you’d come in.”
“No, I’d better scoot, I think it’s going to rain,” said Wyne.
“Was that thunder?” Mr. Talbot asked. “All right, just wait here a
second.”
As Wyne waited, the rumbling of distant thunder could be heard in
the sky. He held out his hand, but felt no drop of rain. Presently a
flash of zigzag lightning lit the sky and one of the blinds of the Talbot
house blew shut, then open again. Soon he was hurrying home to
South Farrelton with the Temple Camp booklet stuffed in his pocket
and was scarcely indoors when the storm which had been
threatening broke in full fury. Wyne’s parents and sister had retired,
but his mother called to him to know if he had got wet, and asked
him to go up and shut the attic window for the rain seemed to be
blowing from the north.
Wyne paused in the dark attic for a few moments, listening to the
torrential downpour on the shingles and looking out of the window
which was streaming with rain. He wondered where indeed Hervey
Willetts could be so late at night. Why did his thoughts dwell on
Hervey Willetts? There were fine, brave scouts in his own troop. He
went downstairs to his own room, stirred by the heroic fury of the
maddened elements and, as he entered, a deafening peal of thunder
smote his ears. It seemed to shake the house in its tumultuous
frenzy. That was the climax of the storm.
It was odd how two things strangely related to each other
occurred immediately upon the waning of that spasmodic storm. And
how each of those things was characteristic of the boy concerned in
it. At about the same time that Wyne Corson propped himself
comfortably up in bed for a leisurely perusal of the beautifully
illustrated Temple Camp booklet, Hervey Willetts scrambled up a
broken rafter of the old barn roof which had been struck by lightning
and had fallen into his dank and streaming dungeon.
Oh, he was lucky! Just as he always said he was, he was lucky.
But he did not know of his greatest luck. He did not know that a boy
down in South Farrelton was sitting propped up in bed looking at the
pictures of lake and cabin and reading about the rules and awards
and all the pleasurable routine of a great scout community in the
sequestered woodland of the Catskills.
Wet, hungry and exhausted, with a stern military school staring
him in the face, Hervey Willetts was luckier than he knew. Reading,
looking at books even, was something that he never did. He had
never even seen that familiar booklet about Temple Camp! Yet that
little booklet was destined to influence his future. It is funny, when
you come to think of it, how that pretty, tasseled prospectus was to
deal this doer of mighty deeds a knockout blow. He had blithely
disregarded every by-law and rule that it contained. He had
repudiated it in toto. And now, out of its own prosy printed matter, it
was to strike him back with a fine retaliatory swat.
CHAPTER XXXIV
SUMMER PLANS
Mr. Talbot had spoken correctly; Hervey went to Chestnut Hill
Military Academy. Also Hervey had spoken correctly; he escaped. He
was sent back and remained till the Christmas holidays. It is not
pleasant watching a caged squirrel and we shall not follow his
troubled career when he marched in line and saluted and went “in
formation” to Chestnut Hill village twice a week, once to church and
once to the movies.
Under the influence of Mrs. Walton and the Christmas spirit, Mr.
Walton allowed Hervey to return to school in Farrelton after the
holidays and Chestnut Hill saw him no more. But he remembered it
and walked a fairly straight and narrow path till early summer. Only
once did he fall from grace and that was when he hiked to
Centervale in quest of a retired sailor who was said to be an expert
at tattooing. He did not find the artist, but he got a ride in an airplane
to Commonwealth landing field (twenty miles out of his way) and had
to sleep in a shed that night.
As summer approached, Hervey’s home presented unmistakable
signs of the tremendous enterprise of his old-fashioned, home-
keeping step-parents—the long projected trip to Europe. For the first
time, Mr. Walton would entrust his book and stationery store to a
competent young assistant, Snoopy Seeley as Hervey called him,
because he conscientiously saw to it that the girls attended to their
work. There were no late dances in Walton’s Book and Stationery
Store after the advent of Snoopy Seeley. But for all this young man’s
horrible dependability, poor Mr. and Mrs. Walton contemplated their
vacation with the true home-keeper’s dread and anxiety.
“Well, there are no worries about Hervey, anyway,” said Mrs.
Walton. “Temple Camp is the one place where he really did seem to
get on. I’d be dreadfully nervous about going if it weren’t for that. I do
believe you and I are more nervous about this than Hervey is.”
“We are no such experienced travelers as he is,” said Mr. Walton.
“You’re going to talk to him, aren’t you?”
Mr. Walton talked to him and found that so far as Hervey was
concerned everything was quite all right; he would have been glad to
give his permission for them to go to Mars. He was not the one to
curb the freedom of any aspiring soul.
“And you won’t mind being alone; I mean up at Temple Camp?”
Mr. Walton asked him.
“Sure thing, go as far as you like,” said Hervey. Did he recall the
circumstances under which he had been sent home from camp? And
if so, did not his position now trouble him the least bit? It would be
hard to say. “Sure, I’ll stay up there till you come back,” he said; “you
should worry.”
“I’m sure I will,” said poor Mrs. Walton.
“You don’t think it’s necessary for me to write up there?” Mr.
Walton asked.
“Sure not,” said Hervey gayly, “they know me.”
“Well then, I’ll give you a check for July and I’ll mail them another
check on the first of August. I guess that will be all right.”
“Posilutely O. K.,” said Hervey. He was nothing if not compliant
and accommodating.
Mr. Walton, always thoughtful and deliberate, paused considering.
“I think it would be best for you to go up next Saturday, then we’ll
know you’re settled there before we go.”
“Believe me, I’m never settled,” said Hervey.
“Well, as near settled as it’s possible for you to be; that better?”
Mr. Walton queried.
“Sure thing.”
“Then he wouldn’t be able to go to Boston and see us sail,” said
Mrs. Walton.
“That’s where you said something,” said Hervey. “I’m going to
Boston, that’s settled.”
“No, I think we’ll settle it the other way,” Mr. Walton reflected. “You
better go up next Saturday, Herve. Boston is too slow for you
anyway. Seeing folks sail isn’t much pleasure.”
“I bet I could be a stowaway, hey?”
“You go up to camp next Saturday,” said Mr. Walton. “That
councilor, what’s his name⸺”
“Wainwright, he’s a nice feller,” said Hervey blithely. He bore no
malice.
“Well then, let’s see, I’ll give you a check for three weeks in July
and you can tell Mr. Wainwright I’ll send another check the first of
August. Now when you get up there if everything isn’t all right you
can write me here. But it isn’t as if you were going to a strange place;
they all know you,” he added.
Hervey made a flourishing motion with both hands as if to say that
all was well, that peace and perfect understanding prevailed. “They
know me and I know them,” he said with the greatest of good cheer.
CHAPTER XXXV
HERVEY’S LUCK
He went to Temple Camp with a check and his nerve, and neither
did him any good. I have sometimes thought that this blithesome
piece of effrontery marks the high spot in Hervey’s career. But I am
at a loss to account for it. Of course, he was not without reasoning
faculty or memory. I think it was just that he took everything as it
came and never burdened his mind with anything. His nature refused
to consider two things at once. He could not think of an act of one
day in the light of its consequences on another day, much less
another season. I cannot follow his reasoning, if he had any; I can
only follow his acts. He could hardly have forgotten his dismissal;
perhaps, if he thought at all, he thought the management would have
forgotten it.
Officially Temple Camp did not pay him the compliment of being
shocked by his bizarre reappearance. But the scouts who had been
there the previous summer noticed him and commented on the
circumstance of his unexpected presence. He was a conspicuous
figure in his fantastic hat, as he wandered aimlessly about, and
several tenderfeet who had never seen him before were inspired to
follow him and look on while he scaled flat stones into the lake. After
a while they began selecting stones for him.
Little Harold Titus, the office boy in Administration Shack who had
originally summoned the prodigal to his doom, saw him engaged in
this idle pastime and was struck dumb with consternation. Many who
had known him the previous summer greeted him cheerily; they
either forgot or avoided the incident of his dismissal. Some had
never known of it. New boys noticed him as an odd, picturesque
figure ambling about the camp grounds with a group of tenderfeet
behind him.
One of these admiring youngsters had a large hollow brass
sphere as big as a cocoanut, which was somewhat the worse for
being knocked about. It had a hole in it which was plugged up by a
cork. He was only too glad to proffer this to the enchanting stranger
and Hervey amused himself and the others by hurling it into the lake
and watching the camp dog bound in after it and push it ashore with
his nose. There were limits to his effrontery and he thought it the part
of wisdom thus to occupy himself at a distance from the center of
things.
HERVEY AND THE OTHERS AMUSED THEMSELVES WITH THE DOG AND
THE BALL.
Of course he had not registered for assignment to quarters, and

even he contemplated not without uneasiness his entrance to the
grub pavilion at dinnertime. Temple Camp was a big place and of an
open hospitality to visiting strangers who made free upon the
grounds. But, of course, Hervey knew that he must face the
“keepers” sometime and he was a little chary about the noonday
meal. Had the camp authorities forgotten their ultimatum? He was
carefree enough to hope so. Dinnertime would furnish the test.
“What’s this thing, anyway?” he asked after the twentieth or so
recovery of the bobbing sphere.
“If you were here last week you’d know,” a tenderfoot piped up.
“Do you see that big log cabin away up there past the eats pavilion?
That’s Administration Shack. (Hervey had good reason to know that)
And do you see the flagpole up on top of it? Well, this brass ball got
knocked off the top of that by lightning. There’s a kind of an iron bar
sticking in the top of that pole—it sticks on there or screws on or
something. The pole got struck by lightning and it split the wood and
the bar with the ball on it came down kerplunk. Worrie Bannard, he’s
in a troop from Ohio, he found it and gave it to me. Do you know
what Tom Slade says? Do you know who he is, Tom Slade? He’s
assistant manager and he’s better than the head managers—do you
know what he says? He says no feller here has got enough
adventure to him to climb up and put that ball where it belongs.
Ooooooh, I’m glad I haven’t got enough adventure for that!”
It was quite like Tom Slade to say that and he had not intended to
be taken seriously. But Hervey took it as a dare given by proxy. Well,
he would not take a dare from anybody; certainly not from Tom
Slade, champion of adventure and moving spirit in the big camp
family. Why, that amounted to an official dare! And of course, if he
did that thing upon the incentive of Tom Slade’s dare, why he would
be welcome to stay at camp. That was the way that he reasoned—if
one may say that he reasoned at all. He would do a magnificent
stunt and Temple Camp officially would fall at his feet. Tom Slade
would be his champion and sponsor. He could go into the eats shack
not only registered but lionized. Yes, he was lucky.
“Give me the ball,” he said.
“You’re not going to do it?” the diminutive holder of the ball
gasped.
“Don’t make me laugh,” said Hervey, contemptuously.
“It—it kind of fits on,” the astonished youngster informed him, “but
⸺”
“Leave it to me,” said Hervey.
They followed him up the path around the storehouse cabin and
past the main pavilion where a row of scouts sat with their feet up on
the railing. The very sight of Hervey seemed to inform them that
some blithesome, illicit enterprise was under way and a few of them
joined the little group.
As for Hervey, being a true artist, he was quite oblivious to his
audience. Being an outlaw in camp, he even carried himself with a
certain swaggering independence and disdained to glance at the big
bulletin-board in front of Administration Shack. He had worried a little
about returning home and telling his stepfather what he should have
told him the year before. But now he was not worrying. Would not he
have Temple Camp eating out of his hand? If he had looked at that
bulletin-board (the same which he had formerly disfigured) he might
have seen something there to arrest his attention. But his thoughts
were on high.
Things were certainly breaking favorably for him.
In less time than it takes to tell it, he was on the porch roof, then
on the main roof of Administration Shack. Then he was shinning up
the slender flagpole to the gasping consternation of the increasing
crowd below. He could not hold the brass ball while climbing, so he
laid it in his hat and held his hat in his teeth. The slender pole bent
and swayed as up he went. If ever sheer rashness is eligible for
reward, I suppose Hervey was a likely candidate. The bantering
absurdity of Tom Slade’s remark was only too plainly shown by the
swaying pole as that nimble figure, hat in teeth, ascended its
tapering length.
Breathlessly the throng watched as the pole bent this way and
that as if uncertain in which direction to break and send its victim
crashing to the slanting roof, then mangled to the ground below.
Breathlessly one or two of the more keen-eyed observers saw those
legs tightening around the pole, saw one arm move loose.
He got the brass sphere in one hand and let his hat fall to the
ground. It tumbled off the roof and was picked up by a tall, quiet boy
who stood somewhat apart from the throng. They saw a hand
groping at the very end of the pole, saw the brass ornament in place,
saw that nimble figure slide down to the roof, then off its edge into
the midst of the spellbound watchers. He was a hero; to them he
was anyway.
“Hervey Willetts, you’re wanted in the office,” said a matter-of-fact
voice. It was young Winthrop Allbright, the bespectacled young
gentleman who was always digging in card indexes and writing in a
big flat book in that awful sanctum. He held a fountain pen as if he
had been but momentarily interrupted.
CHAPTER XXXVI
REACHED?
And so for the fourth time Hervey Willetts stood at the bar of
judgment. He stood before the cage window in Administration Shack,
hatless and with a long rip in his trousers. His mad, gray eyes, full of
dancing light, looked through the filigree work at Councilor Easton.
He would have preferred to see his old friend Councilor Wainwright,
though of course it would have made no difference. The councilor
had come over to the window at which young Mr. Allbright sat to
speak to Hervey. He was not unpleasant, but cruelly brief.
“Hervey Willetts, there is no correspondence here affecting the
arrangement by which you left last fall. I hope there is no
misunderstanding on your part. Who sent you here?”
“My—my stepfather.”
“Hmph. Your stepfather isn’t in your confidence, I suppose?”
“Tom Slade said that anybody who put the brass ball on that
flagpole⸺”
The councilor interrupted him, “Have you money enough to go
home, Willetts?”
“I’ve got a check for three weeks that my stepfather gave me, and
I’ve got ten dollars. But doesn’t it make any difference what I did⸺”
“Not a bit, my boy. The camp bus is going down to Catskill to meet
the early afternoon train. You’d better go along and get the two-fifty
for Albany. You can get a late afternoon train at Albany for Farrelton,
I think. You may have your dinner here.”
Hervey stood motionless at the window. He felt much as he had
felt on the night Mr. Walton had talked both severely and feelingly to
him, and he found it easier to stand right where he was than to make
a move. He knew now that half a dozen or so obtrusive boys were
lingering in the background and he, the hero of the flagpole, could
not turn and face them. The attitude of the management toward him
was not such as to arouse consideration for his feelings and these
boys were allowed to remain.
Well, he must go back to Farrelton and throw his bombshell into
the household just as his good step-parents were in the throes of
preparation for their holiday. I am glad to say that his heedlessness
and buoyancy were not so great that he could contemplate this with
equanimity. He would have been emboldened to refer again to his
daredevil exploit, but the inexorable attitude of Councilor Easton
chilled his forlorn hope.
“Is there anything we can do for you now before you go,” the
councilor asked with a kind of cold finality.
“Is—can I—could I⸺”
It was just at that moment that the tall boy who had caught
Hervey’s grotesque hat as it fell from the roof stepped up beside the
window and handed it to him. And Hervey, to his dismay, saw that it
was Wyne Corson. I think it quite characteristic of Hervey that it
never occurred to him that this scout from his own home town was
supposed to be sightseeing in California at that time. He had
forgotten all about that.
“There is something you can do for me,” said Wyne. “Might I
speak to you a minute, Mr. Easton?”
“Surely,” said the councilor, and he added smiling. “It’s customary
for scouts to address the management as Councilor or Trustee, and
not use the name.”
“Excuse me, I’m new at this camp,” said Wyne.
“I’ve only been here about ten days. I came up here to do a job
and I did it and there’s not much snap to it. I see it’s up on the
bulletin board.”
“Yes?”
“I won the hospitality award; I’m the one that swam around the
lake without landing last Tuesday. I didn’t get any notice yet, but I
suppose it’s all right. The booklet says the Home Circle Swim is once
around the lake without landing and the Warring Memorial Hospitality
award is for that. It’s on page thirty-two where it tells about the
special awards.”
“Horace Warring lost his life in the lake,” said the councilor in a
low voice, “and his parents established this award. We think it’s
about the most beautiful of the camp awards.”
But Wyne Corson seemed interested in nothing but his point.
“Well, this boy, Hervey Willetts, is the one I choose to have for my
guest till the end of the summer.”
The councilor shook his head ruefully, as Hervey (let it be said to
his eternal credit) gazed at this South Farrelton scout with brimming
eyes.
“I’m afraid you’re a bit impulsive,” said the councilor.
“That’s a good one,” laughed Wyne. “I think you’ve got me mixed
up with Willetts. I won a trip to California and had it changed to a
summer at Temple Camp after I read the book. I did that so I could
get here before Willetts and win the Warring Memorial award and be
ready for him when he came. I knew blamed well he’d show up—I
got his number.” He paused a moment while the councilor looked
rueful and shook his head. “The book doesn’t say anything about
what sort of a fellow I can have, or anything about him. It just says I
can have as my guest for the balance of the summer anybody
between the ages of twelve and eighteen of my own choosing. And
he shall be recorded as my honor guest. That’s all there is to it and I
choose Hervey Willetts. If he goes away I have to go, too.”
“Why do you choose him?” the councilor asked.
“Oh, I don’t know; just because I do, that’s all. Do I have to say
why?”
“No, I don’t know that you do,” Councilor Easton said, not
unpleased at Wyne’s vehemence, which almost bordered on
impertinence. “But, of course, this is a very unusual thing and I must
confer with the management.”
“Will you let Tom Slade have a vote?” poor Hervey asked.
“Tom Slade knows all about it,” said Wyne. “If you only stood on
as solid ground as I do most of the time, you’d be all right. Will you
put down Hervey Willett’s name, Councilor? He’s the one I choose.
I’m going by just what the book says about the Warring Memorial
award. It says any boy⸺”
Suddenly, Wyne Corson was interrupted and beaten into silence
by a tremendous voice from a diminutive spectator, conspicuous
because of a licorice smootch near his mouth. It was the mighty
voice of Pee-wee Harris! “It’s a dandy argument and it’s a
teckinality,” he shouted. “And it shows how the camp can’t do
anything even if it wants to, because if a thing is printed in writing
you can’t get around it and that settles it and I know, because my
uncle knows a man who’s a judge! And maybe even I’ll have Hervey
Willetts in my patrol as an honorary member, maybe!”
Even amid the laughter, Hervey looked at Wyne Corson,
bewildered, uncertain, with glistening eyes. Was he grateful? Was he
reached at last? No, not by scouting. But by a scout? That would be
something. Here was a strange kind of a stunt! Such a stunt as he
himself had never performed. A stranger had come to Temple Camp
and deliberately set about beating it with its own weapons. He had
brought with him just no more than a booklet with certain passages
in it marked with a lead pencil. He had planned and wrought. How
tawdry seemed that daredevil climb up the flagpole now! How rash
and futile that dive at the Farrelton Carnival! How silly that stunt of
sending in a false fire alarm! How much finer to use one’s head, than
just to stand on one’s head!
And did Hervey think of these things? Not just in the way they
have been set forth. But he felt cheap and inadequate. His latest
stunt had been officially ignored with a kind of brief contempt. But
this boy from South Farrelton had stepped up with his booklet and
the record of his three mile swim around the lake and Temple Camp
could not answer him back—was helpless. What is a stunt anyway?
Here was a matter of a hundred and fifty dollars or so; a matter
involving a clash between an ultimatum and the right of a winner to
his award. And Wyne Corson had triumphed over Temple Camp.
And Hervey Willetts, diver of dives, and ringer of alarms, and
snatcher of satchels, was to stay and spend the summer in these
familiar scenes. And his guardians would go to Europe never
knowing. What is a stunt anyway?
He wandered forth and picked up a stick and started along the
trail that went around the lake. But he glanced back (something he
never did when starting out) and Wyne Corson followed him. And so
they ambled through the bordering woods together.
“Will you show me how you swam around where the outlet is?”
Hervey asked. “Bimbo, there’s some current there.”
“That was easy,” said Wyne. “We haven’t got time to hike all the
way around now. Listen!” As he spoke the dinner-horn from camp
sounded and echoed from the hills across the lake.
“The dickens with that,” said Hervey. “We can get our dinner an
hour late all right; I know the cook; leave it to me.”
He jumped up, grabbed the limb of a tree and swung across one
of the many brooklets that flowed out of the sombre lake and
wriggled away among the flanking hills. “Can you do that?” He went
on ahead and jumped across a tiny cove. “Come ahead,” he called
back as he went upon his way rejoicing. And pretty soon, Wyne
caught up with him and laughing said, “I see you’re going to get me
in trouble in this old camp.”
“Well, then we’ll only go a little way and back,” said Hervey.
Magnanimous concession! “I don’t care about the soup anyway.”
So, picking his way with difficulty through the briery thicket along
the lakeside and getting over obstructions as only he knew how to
do, he went upon his way rejoicing and paused after a little while for
Wyne to catch up with him. Then they both went on their way
rejoicing. And pretty soon they started on their way back—rejoicing.
And that was quite a stunt for Hervey when you come to think of it.
For no one had even dared him to return for dinner!
THE END
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Cloud Infrastructures, Services, and IoT

Systems for Smart Cities: Second EAI

Cloud Infrastructures, Services, and IoT Systems for

Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good Third

Emerging Technologies for Developing Countries: First

Smart Computing and Communication Second International

Internet Science 4th International Conference INSCI

Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2017: 18th

Health Information Science: 6th International

Massimo Villari Omer Rana

Dario Bruneo Rajiv Ranjan

Maria Fazio Philippe Massonet (Eds.)

ISSN 1867-8211 ISSN 1867-822X (electronic)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017956067

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature

September 2017 Antonella Longo

Technical Program Committee Chair

Publicity and Social Media Chair

Sponsorship and Exhibits Chair

Smart City Challenges and Needs Special Event Program Chair

Technical Program Committee

Johann M. Marquez-Barja CONNECT Centre for Future Networks

Steering Committee Members

Technical Program Committee Chairs

Publicity and Social Media Chair

Sponsorship and Exhibits Chair

Technical Program Committee

Ellis Solaiman Newcastle University, UK

IISSC: Smart City Services

Comparison of City Performances Through Statistical Linked

Analyzing Last Mile Delivery Operations in Barcelona’s Urban

A System for Privacy-Preserving Analysis of Vehicle Movements. . . . . . . . . 23

Deploying Mobile Middleware for the Monitoring of Elderly People

Detection Systems for Improving the Citizen Security and Comfort

IISSC: Smart City Infrastructures

A Public-Private Partnerships Model Based on OneM2M and OSGi

eIDAS Public Digital Identity Systems: Beyond Online Authentication

Knowledge Management Perception in Industrial Enterprises Within

A HCE-Based Authentication Approach for Multi-platform Mobile Devices . . . 84

IISSC: Smart Challenges and Needs

Smart Anamnesis for Gyn-Obs: Issues and Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Mobile Agent Service Model for Smart Ambulance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Extension to Middleware for IoT Devices, with Applications

An Analysis of Social Data Credibility for Services Systems in Smart

Data Management Challenges for Smart Living . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Conference on Cloud Networking for IoT (CN4IoT)

Investigating Operational Costs of IoT Cloud Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Nomadic Applications Traveling in the Fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Fog Paradigm for Local Energy Management Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Orchestration for the Deployment of Distributed Applications with

Web Services for Radio Resource Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Big Data HIS of the IRCCS-ME Future: The Osmotic Computing

Dynamic Identification of Participatory Mobile Health Communities . . . . . . . 208

Securing Cloud-Based IoT Applications with Trustworthy Sensing . . . . . . . . 218

Secure Data Sharing and Analysis in Cloud-Based Energy

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Claudia Diamantini, Domenico Potena, and Emanuele Storti(B)

Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Universita Politecnica delle Marche,

Abstract. The capability to perform comparisons of city performances

Keywords: Statistical datasets · Performance indicators · Logic

2 Case Study: Bike Sharing Services

Alternative, more sustainable and energy-eﬃcient forms of urban mobility are

3 Data and Knowledge Layer