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RETAINING-1 15m
RETAINING-1 15m
55 longitudinal section
54.5
54
53.5
53
52.5
52
51.5
51
50.5
50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
CANAL SIDE
EMBANKMENT
Height= 1.150 m
0.650 0.500
2.400
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALL [ DRY - CONDITION ]
Founding RL 97.800 m
Unit Weight of Concrete 2.4 T / m3
Unit Weight of Soil 1.6 T / m3
Dry Condition
Slope of Earth Fill (1V:xH) 1000000
Slope angle of Earth fill β 0.00 o
Overall Abutment
Dist of inner Length
slanting face 1m
from toe 1.90 m
Wall angle α 90.00 o
Angle of Repose ϕ 30.00 o
Wall Friction δ 20.00 o
Coulomb's Active Ep Coeff 0.297
Stresses 5.223 T / m2 Rankine's Passive Ep Coeff 3.000
2.022 T / m2 Height of LL as Surcharge 1.20 m
F.S. for Over Turning 4.00
F.S. for Sliding 1.51
Horizontal Forces
A. Earth Pressure
K γ H
P1 = 0.297 1.600 1.20 = 0.571 T / m2
P2 = 0.297 1.600 2.200 = 1.047 T / m2
P3 = 0.297 2.400 0.300 = 0.214 T / m2
Sectio Earth Pressure Force per unit length
No. B D Force Force Lever Arm Moment
A. Earth Pressure for Live Load(surcharge)
1 1 0.571 2.200 1.256 1.256 1.100 1.381
2 1 0.214 2.200 0.471 0.471 1.100 0.518
B. Active Earth Pressure of Back Fill
1 0.5 1.047 2.200 1.151 1.151 0.924 1.064
Sum 2.878 2.963
Calculation of Stresses
0.000
Sum of Resisting Forces = 4.347 T
Horizontal Forces
A. Earth Pressure
K γ H
P1 = 0.297 1.600 1.20 = 0.570 T / m2
P2 = 0.297 1.600 1.700 = 0.808 T / m2
P3 = 0.297 2.400 0.300 = 0.214 T / m2
At centre
σ st . j . d
Maximum Bending Moment B.M. = 1.62 T.m. (Tension )
Overall depth of Shaft = 125 cm
Overall length of Shaft = Straight = 100 cm
Effective depth = d= 119.2 cm
Effective length = b= 100.0 cm
sst = 2400 Kg/cm2
Reinforcement Required = Ast = 0.602 cm2
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.12% = 14.304 cm2
No. of Main Reinforcement for 14.304 cm2
Using 12 mm F = 12.6 Nos.
Let us provide 12 mm F 13.00 Nos. on earth side face
Provide 10 mm F 13.00 no on other side
Similarly, for the TT face let us Provide 8.33 9.00 Nos on either side
Let us provide 12 mm F 9.00 Nos. on either side of Semi -Circular faces
Hence, Reinforcement Provided = 13.00
12 mm F 13 Nos. each = 14.70 cm2
Hence, Adequate
Calculation of Direct Stress
Reinforcement Provided = 12 mm F 13.0 Nos.
Asp = 14.70 cm2
Effective depth = d= 119.2 cm
Effective length = b= 100 cm
Dry condition
Stress in the heel = + 2.022 T/m2
Stress near stem on heel side = + 2.689 T/m2
Maximum condition
Stress near stem on Toe side = + 4.356 T/m2
Stress in the toe = + 5.223 T/m2
Maximum stress
Stress in the heel = + 2.022 T/m2
0.5 0.65
-5.028 + -4.361 +
3.106 3.973
b= 100 cm
Hence, Safe
M
A st =
Provision of Main Reinforcements
σ st . j . d
Reinforcement Required = Ast = 0.631 cm2
Minimum reinforcement required = 0.12%= 6 cm2
Spacing of reinforcement 10 mm bar
13.090 cm c/c
b= 100 cm
A st = M
Provision of Main Reinforcements
σ st . j. d
Reinforcement Required = Ast = 0.825 cm2
Minimum reinforcement required = 0.12%= 6 cm2
Spacing of reinforcement 8 mm bar
8.378 cm c/c
Summary
Heel portion
Toe portion
A. Braking Force
Maximum Load on Span
a. 70R Loading 92.00 T
b. Class A Loading 0.00 T
Total 92.00 T
Fh = 0.2 F = 18.40 T Ref: Cl. 214.2 of IRC:6-2000
Braking Force for Pier For Small Spans upto 10m 9.20 T at R.L. #REF! m
For pier braking force=10%extra in sub structure and foundation 10.12 T
FOR PIER
BRAKING MOMENT
R.L MLL
A Bottom of Cantilever #REF! #REF! tm
Dimensions of Railings
Height Solid Section above Pier Cap Level #REF! m
Height of Void Section #REF! m
Hence, Centroid of Wind Force above Bearing Top Level = #REF! m at RL #REF! m
For HFL Condition
Height of Wind above H.F.L. = H = #REF! m Say H = #REF! m
#REF!
Wind Velocity = V = #REF! Km / h
Wind Pressure = P = #REF! Kg / m2
For Dry Condition
Height of Wind above Lowest Bed / Lowest Water Level = H = #REF! m Say H = #REF! m
#REF!
Wind Velocity = V = #REF! Km / h
Wind Pressure = P = #REF! Kg / m2
I. As per Cl. 212.2 & 212.3 of IRC - 6:2000
Wind Force as a horizontal Force on the Structure with pressure intensities as per Table - 4
Span Length = 10.740 m
For HFL => Wind Pressure = P = #REF! T/m2
Force for Pier #REF! T
Water Pressure
a. Perpendicular to Flow -PT =52. K. (Vmax.Sin 20o)2 = #REF! Kg /m2 for Rectagle K = 1.5
b. Parallel to Flow -PL = 52. K. (Vmax.Cos 20 ) =
o 2
#REF! Kg /m 2
for Circular K = 0.66
Ht. of Force above Founding = #VALUE! m
RL of Force = #VALUE! m
Lever Arm
FT = 0.5 PL x AT/1000= #VALUE! T #VALUE! m MLL #VALUE! T.m
FL = 0.5 PT x AL/1000= #VALUE! T MTT #VALUE! T.m
STABILITY ANALYSIS(PIER)
Vertical Forces
Dead Load of Pier
Sl. Description Length Width Area Depth Quantity
No. in m in m in m2 in m in m3
1 Pier Cap Rectangularportion #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
From Top of Pier Cap to HFL/FSL #REF! 2.40 #REF! 2.40 #REF!
From HFL/FSL to Founding Level #REF! 1.40 #REF! 2.40 #REF!
Calculation of Stresses
From Top of Pier Cap to HFL/FSL #REF! 2.40 #REF! 2.40 #REF!
From HFL/FSL to Founding Level #REF! 1.40 #REF! 2.40 #REF!
Calculation of Stresses
At centre
σ st . j. d
Maximum Bending Moment B.M. = #REF! T.m. ( Tension )
Overall depth of Shaft = 76 cm
Overall length of Shaft = Straight = #VALUE! cm
Effective depth = d= 68.6 cm
Effective length = b= #VALUE! cm
sst = 2000 Kg/cm2
Reinforcement Required = Ast = #REF! cm2
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.3% = #VALUE! cm2
No. of Main Reinforcement for #REF! cm2
Using 25 mm F = #REF! Nos.
Let us provide 25 mm F #REF! Nos. on each face
Similarly, for the TT face let us Provide 5.97 6.00 Nos on either side
Let us provide 25 mm F 6 Nos. on either side of Semi -Circular faces
Hence, Reinforcement Provided = #REF!
25 mm F #REF! Nos. = #REF! cm2
#REF!
#REF!
Permissible Tensile Stress for M25 Concrete = 6.1 Kg/cm2
Distribution steel
Provide distribution reinforcements @0.12%=0.12/100*760*1000= #VALUE! mm2
Spacing of 12mm distribution reinforcements= 22/7*12*12/4*1000*2/912= 248.12 mm
Assume
1. Cover dc 5.0 cm
2. Modular Ratio m 10 Ref. IRC 21
Hence
1. Effective Cover in Compression side dc #REF! cm
2. Effective Depth of Section de #REF! cm
### #REF!
#REF! + #REF! +
#REF! #REF!
√
Design of Toe Slab MA st = M
d =
Mmax = ### T.m
Qb
σ st . j. d
Smax = ### T
b= 100 cm
#REF!
M
Provision of Main Reinforcements A st =
σ st . j. d
Reinforcement Required = Ast = #REF! cm2
Minimum reinforcement required = 0.12%= #REF! cm2
Spacing of reinforcement 20 mm bar
#REF! cm c/c
Summary
Heel portion
Toe portion
0.76
0.9
0.3
0.76
Design:
Shear span 3739
= = 4.424 > 1
Depth 845
C Wind Load
The load combination due to clause No.212.2 and 212.3, 212.4 and 212.5 given the maximum moment
Moment at bottom of pier cap due to wind load
113 of 30
I #REF! x ( #REF! - #REF! ) = #REF! tm
I 3.228 x ( 100.000 + 1.500 - #REF! )= #REF! tm
III 1.184 x ( #REF! - #REF! ) = #REF! tm
#REF! T #REF! tm
Vertical Force
5 layers
mm f 5 L/m Framing Bars for caging of Ah Bars
Ah Bars in 12 mm f at #REF! mm c/c
12
114 of 30
Check for Thickness
Breadth of cantilever
a. Straight portion 760 mm
Maximum Moment MLL = #VALUE! T.m
MTT = #REF! T.m
Maximum Vertical Load N #VALUE! T.
At centre
σ st . j. d
Maximum Bending Moment B.M. = #VALUE! T.m. ( Compression )
Overall depth of Shaft = 120 cm
Overall length of Shaft = Straight = 76 cm
Effective depth = d= 112.6 cm
Effective length = b= 76.0 cm
sst = 2000 Kg/cm2
Reinforcement Required = Ast = #VALUE! cm2
Minimum Reinforcement = 0.3% = 25.673 cm2
No. of Main Reinforcement for #VALUE! cm2
Using 25 mm F = #VALUE! Nos.
Let us provide 25 mm F #VALUE! Nos. on pier cap top
Provide 25 mm F #VALUE! no on pier cap bottom
Similarly, for the TT face let us Provide 8.57 9.00 Nos on either side
Let us provide 25 mm F 9 Nos. on either side of Semi -Circular faces
Hence, Reinforcement Provided = #VALUE!
25 mm F #VALUE! Nos. = #VALUE! cm2
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Permissible Tensile Stress for M25 Concrete = 6.1 Kg/cm2
Shear reinforcements
Shear force= #VALUE! T
Shear stress= #VALUE! N/mm2
As/(b*d)x100= #VALUE! %
Assume
1. Cover dc 5.0 cm
2. Modular Ratio m 10 Ref. IRC 21
Hence
1. Effective Cover in Compression side dc #REF! cm
2. Effective Depth of Section de #REF! cm