Statically Indeterminate Axially

Loaded Member
STRAIN AND DEFORMATION

64
Statically Indeterminate
Problems
If the equilibrium equations are sufficient to calculate all the
forces (including support reactions) that act on a body,
these forces are said to be statically determinate.
In statically determinate problems, the number of unknown
forces is always equal to the number of independent
equilibrium equations.
If the number of unknown forces exceeds the number of
independent equilibrium equations, the problem is said to
be statically indeterminate.

65
Statically Indeterminate
Problems
A statically indeterminate problem always has geometric
restrictions imposed on its deformation.
The mathematical expressions of these restrictions, known
as the compatibility equations, provide us with the
additional equations needed to solve the problem.
Because the source of the compatibility equations is
deformation, these equations contain as unknowns either
strains or elongations.
We can, however, use Hooke’s law to express the
deformation measures in terms of stresses or forces.

66
Procedure for Analysis
oDraw a free-body diagram of the member in order to
identify all the forces that act on it.
oThe problem can be classified as statically indeterminate if
the number of unknown reactions on the free-body diagram
is greater than the number of available equations of
equilibrium.
oWrite the equations of equilibrium for the member.

67
Procedure for Analysis
oConsider drawing a displacement diagram in order to
investigate the way the member will elongate or contract
when subjected to the external loads.
oExpress the compatibility conditions in terms of the
displacements caused by the loading.
oUse a load–displacement relation, such as to
relate the unknown displacements to the reactions.
oSolve the equilibrium and compatibility equations for the
reactions.

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Example 3.11
The steel rod shown in the figure has a diameter of .
It is fixed to the wall at A, and before it is loaded, there is a
gap of between the wall at B’ and the rod.
Determine the reactions at A and B’ if the rod is subjected
to an axial force of as shown. Neglect the size
of the collar at C. Take .

69
Example 3.11
Required:
Solution:

70
Example 3.11
Solution:

71
Example 3.12
The aluminum post shown in
the figure is reinforced with a
brass core. If this assembly
supports an axial compressive
load of applied to
the rigid cap, determine the
average normal stress in the
aluminum and the brass. Take
and
.

72
Example 3.12
Required:
Solution:

73
Example 3.12
Solution:

74
Example 3.13
The three steel bars shown in
the figure are pin connected
to a rigid member. If the
applied load on the member
is , determine the force
developed in each bar. Bars
AB and EF each have a cross-
sectional area of ,
and bar CD has a cross-
sectional area of .
Take .

75
Example 3.13
Required:
Solution:

76
Example 3.13
Solution:

77
Example 3.14
The rigid bar of negligible weight is pinned at O and
attached to two vertical rods. Assuming that the rods were
initially stress-free, what is the largest load P that can be
applied without exceeding stresses of in the steel
rod and in the bronze rod?

78
Example 3.14
Required:
Solution:

79
Example 3.14
Solution:

80
Example 3.14
Solution:

81
Thermal Stress
STRAIN AND DEFORMATION

82
Thermal Stress
A change in temperature can cause a body to change its
dimensions. Generally, if the temperature increases, the
body will expand, whereas if the temperature decreases, it
will contract.
Ordinarily this expansion or contraction is linearly related to
the temperature increase or decrease that occurs.

83
Thermal Stress

where
is a property of the material, referred to as the linear
coefficient of thermal expansion
is the algebraic change in temperature of the member
is the original length of the member

84
Example 3.15
The steel bar shown in the figure is
constrained to just fit between two
fixed supports when . If
the temperature is raised to
, determine the average
normal thermal stress developed
in the bar.

Take and
.

85
Example 3.15
Required:
Solution:

86
Example 3.16
The rigid beam shown in the figure is fixed to the top of the
three posts made of steel and aluminum. The posts each have a
length of 250 mm when no load is applied to the beam, and the
temperature is . Determine the force supported by
each post if the bar is subjected to a uniform distributed load of
and the temperature is raised to .
Take ,
,
, and
.

87
Example 3.16
Required:
Solution:

88
Example 3.16
Solution:

89