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Outcomes. Pre-Intermediate - Student's Book, 2nd
Outcomes. Pre-Intermediate - Student's Book, 2nd
Outcomes pre-INTERMEDIATE
Student’s Book
Dellar Walkley
Includes
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
CEFR correlation:
Outcomes Pre-intermediate is for students who are
Online
around level A2 and want to progress towards B1. Resources
2 SHOPS •
•
•
talk about shopping and things you buy
make and respond to compliments
talk about problems you can have with shopping
• offer help
• compare places and products
• have conversations with shop assistants
page 14
VIDEO 1: A child’s garden of gators page 22 REVIEW 1: page 23 WRITING 1: Organising ideas page 150
3 GETTING THERE •
•
•
talk about buildings and places
ask for and give directions
tell stories better
• apologise for being late
• talk about different ways of travelling
• describe problems you can have on journeys
page 24
4 EAT •
•
•
describe restaurants and meals
discuss where and what to eat
talk about your experiences
• understand menus and explain dishes
• ask and answer questions in a restaurant
• talk about typical foods and eating habits
page 32
VIDEO 2: Forbidden fruit page 40 REVIEW 2: page 41 WRITING 2: Anecdotes page 152
5 RELAX •
•
•
talk about activities, places and equipment
introduce negative comments
make plans and arrange what to do
• talk about watching and doing different sports
• compare three or more things
• discuss relaxing and stressful experiences
page 42
7 YOUR PLACE •
•
•
explain where you are from
describe your town and area
ask useful questions when staying with people
• ask for permission to do things
• show guests round your house or apartment
page 60
8 EDUCATION •
•
•
describe your academic experiences
respond with surprise to negative sentences
talk about future situations
• talk about the education system in your country
• discuss cheating in education – and in other areas
of life
page 68
VIDEO 4: Fainting goats! page 76 REVIEW 4: page 77 WRITING 4: Describing places page 156
• Present simple and • Talking about jobs • There’s no money • Talking about work • Questions about jobs
present continuous • Understanding in it • Managing your time
• Present simple and vocabulary:
present continuous Collocations
for the future • Activities at work
• Past simple • Describing things you • Click to buy! • Talking about • Complimenting
• Comparatives bought shopping • Offering to help and
• Shopping online • Conversations in a responding
shop
• Past simple and past • Places in town • Lessons in life: how • Asking for directions • Giving directions
continuous • Travelling by plane not to miss flights • Travel news • Apologising for being late
• Quantifiers with • Transport
countable and
uncountable nouns
• Present perfect • Restaurants • Breakfast around the • Discussing where • Making and responding to
simple • Describing food world to eat suggestions
• too and not … • Choosing dishes from • Offers, requests, suggestions
enough a menu
• Plans and • Places and • There’s more to sport • Plans for the • Introducing negative comments
arrangements equipment than football weekend
• Superlatives • Sports and games • Why is football
• Understanding popular?
vocabulary: • Hobbies to help
Word families you relax
• Question formation • Family and friends • Online friends • Talking about people • Explaining who people are
• Similarities and • Character and habits • What kind of an • The family business
contrasts • Understanding online friend are you?
vocabulary: Words
with the same verb
and noun forms
• have to, don’t have • Describing places • My new home • Where are you from? • Explaining where places are
to, can and can’t • Where I live • Staying in someone’s • Asking for permission
• will / won’t • Staying with people home
• First conditionals • Stages of education • Cheating their way to • Comparing education • No?
• had to and could • Education systems the top systems
• Cheating
Contents 3
page 78
10 PLACES TO STAY •
•
•
describe places you stayed in
book somewhere to stay
apologise for bad news
• explain and deal with problems in hotels
• talk about imagined situations
• talk about past habits
page 86
VIDEO 5: The future of a village page 94 REVIEW 5: page 95 WRITING 5: Postcards page 158
11 SCIENCE AND •
•
•
talk about the weather
discuss and respond to news stories
talk about animals
NATURE •
•
•
tell better stories
talk about scientists and research
understand newspaper headlines
page 96
12 ON THE PHONE •
•
•
talk about different kinds of phones
give and take phone messages
ask for people and explain where people are
• work out the meaning of new words
• explain stories and report crimes
• report what people said
page 104
VIDEO 6: Memory man page 112 REVIEW 6: page 113 WRITING 6: Plans and schedules page 160
13 CULTURE •
•
•
describe different kinds of films
say what you have heard about things
talk about how things make you feel
• talk about the film industry and culture
• discuss your favourite music, books or films
• ask how long people have been doing things
page 114
15 MONEY •
•
•
talk about the economy
use time phrases to say when things happen
compare prices
• talk about money issues and problems
• say different kinds of numbers
page 132
• Giving advice • Illnesses and health • Mind over matter • How are you feeling? • Common questions about
• Imperatives problems • Health advice illness
• Understanding
vocabulary: Phrases
with mind and matter
• Parts of the body
• Past perfect simple • Science and nature in • Man’s best friends • Discussing the news • Responding to news and
• Passives the news • An animal experiment • Science phone-in comments
• Animals
• yet, already, still and • Using phones • It’s an emergency! • Telephone messages • Explaining where people are
just • Understanding • Problems after a
• Reporting speech vocabulary: Forming crime
negatives
• Reporting crimes
• Relative clauses • Things in the house • Rubbish food • New flatmates • Explaining where things are
• must / mustn’t • Containers • Fact file: rubbish • Memorable presents
• Understanding
vocabulary: Verbs
with two objects
• Time phrases and • The economy and • Will power • Quality of life • Comparing prices
tense quality of life • The reading of the
• Time clauses • Money verbs will
• Dealing with banks • Money problems
• Articles • Describing parties • Fact file: Britain • Talking about parties • Linked questions
• Verb patterns (-ing or and events • Around the world • Talking about a
infinitive with to) • Historical events in 300 words … special day
Kazakhstan
Grammar reference pages 166–185 Information files pages 186–191 Audio scripts pages 192–210
Contents 5
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
• Look at the photo. What job do you think this
person has?
• What do you think this person does during a
normal day at work?
• What do you think is good about this job?
• What do you think is bad about it?
• Can you think of three questions to ask this person
about their job?
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss the
questions.
• Do you work? If yes, what do you do? Do you enjoy
it? Why? / Why not?
• If not, what do you want do in the future?
JOBS
90101_01_U1_p006-013.indd 7
Unit 1 Jobs 7
21/08/2015 14:58
WHAT DO YOU DO?
VOCABULARY Talking about jobs 4 Look at the sentence beginnings in bold in 1–6.
Match each sentence with a pair of alternative
1 Which of the jobs in the box can you see in the endings (a–f).
photos? Check you understand the other jobs.
1 I work in a local hospital.
actor nurse politician 2 I work late most nights.
engineer photographer sales manager 3 I work for Henning and Schmidt. It’s a big law firm.
journalist pilot scientist 4 I’m working on a project for my class.
lawyer police officer soldier
5 I’m doing work experience in a school at the moment.
6 I run my own company.
10
9 advising
10 a new German film
SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
11 my contract ends 10 4 Listen and repeat the sounds with /t/ and /d/.
Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
12 the company is exploiting me
11 5 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
5 Read the article again and check your ideas from
using the words below. Together, try to write
Exercise 4.
them down. Then listen again and check.
6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
appointment training staff test
• Do you agree that companies that don’t pay young delay department depend develop
workers are exploiting them? Why? / Why not?
• Is voluntary work common in your country? What 12 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
kind is most common? write collocations or phrases for the words in
• Do you agree that housewives play an important role Exercise 11.
in building the nation? Why? / Why not?
a training course, a training session, need more
training
12
SHOPS
14
Unit 2 Shops 15
16
Complimenting
6 Look at these sentences from Exercise 1 and the
We often compliment people and then ask a question – or
conversation. Then complete the rules. make another comment.
a They lasted for years. K: That’s really neat. Where did you get it?
b I bought this nice thick coat. C: In Jessops in town. I’m really pleased with it.
c I got these earrings.
C: I love your jacket. It looks really nice and warm.
d Did you have a nice weekend?
D: Yeah, it is. It’s great. It’s pure wool.
e What did you do?
f I didn’t find anything that fitted me.
11 Put the words in the correct order to make
g They weren’t very expensive. questions or comments.
1 To make the past simple with most verbs, add 1 I love your ring. did / where / you / it / get / ?
to the infinitive (without to). (last – lasted). 2 That’s a great bag. new / is / it / ?
2 Many common verbs are irregular, for example: 3 Hey, cool phone! you / it / long / had / how / have / ?
– went; – got.
4 I love your shirt. really / a / design / it’s / nice / .
3 To make a question, use + you / he / they,
etc. + infinitive (without to). 5 I like your boots. comfortable / look / really / they / .
4 To make a negative, use I / you / we, etc. + 6 That’s a lovely jacket. really / you / it / suits / .
+ infinitive (without to). 12 8 Listen and check your answers.
5 To make negatives of the verb to be use wasn’t or
.
CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Check your ideas on page 167 and do Exercise 1.
13 Choose one of these tasks. Take turns to start.
a Work in groups. Compliment other students in your
group on their clothes, or other things they have.
Pronunciation Use language from Exercise 11. Continue each
conversation for as long as you can.
7 7 Listen to the past forms said slowly and
then faster. Notice how the sounds of the b Work in pairs. Have a conversation about what you
words change when said faster. Listen again. bought at the weekend. Start by asking Did you do
anything at the weekend? You can invent the details.
Practise saying them. Continue the conversation for as long as you can.
A: Did you do anything at the weekend?
8 Write two past simple questions you might ask
after someone says these sentences. B: Yeah, I went shopping.
1 I went out for dinner at the weekend. A: Really? Did you buy anything nice?
2 It was my birthday last week. B: Well, I got a jacket in that new second-hand shop.
3 We went on holiday to Brazil. 2 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
Unit 2 Shops 17
18
PRONUNCIATION
7 9 Listen to the past simple forms of twelve
regular verbs. Notice the different ways of
saying the -ed endings. For each verb, decide
if the -ed ending is pronounced /t/, /d/ or /ɪd/.
8 9 Listen again and repeat each verb.
Student A: read the two stories on this page. 10 Match the verbs with the words they went with
in the stories.
Student B: read File 1 on page 186.
1 recommend a my order
As you read, think about these questions. 2 deliver b to bed
1 What did each person buy? 3 take c the box
2 Why did they buy these things? 4 go d me to a concert
3 What problems did they have? 5 look at e a new part
4 What happened in the end? 6 open f a new website
7 order g to tell me
Unit 2 Shops 19
4 You’ll grow into it. A: Yes, of course. I have a lot to get. (reassure)
5 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. e Do you want me to carry it to your car?
• What was the last thing you did to help someone? Conversation 2
• What was the last present you bought? Who for? a No, of course not. I’m actually going there too.
What was the occasion? Did you wrap it? Did they b I’ll show you, if you like.
like it? c Oh right. Thanks.
• When was the last time you took something back to d You don’t mind?
a shop? What happened?
e Where’s the men’s clothes department?
• Did your parents ever make you wear something you
didn’t like when you were a child?
• Did you have any favourite clothes when you were
younger? What were they?
20
Unit 2 Shops 21
A CHILD’S
GARDEN
OF GATORS
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo. Discuss these 4 Choose the correct form to complete the
questions. sentences from the video.
• What do you think is happening in the photo? 1 Along the canal, the lesson in gator catching just
• How do you feel when you look at the photo? Why? gets / is just getting under way.
• Which sentence below do you most agree with? 2 Right now, big alligators look for / are looking for
Explain your ideas. smaller gators.
- If you allow children to take risks, they learn to take 3 They eat / are eating each other.
care of themselves. 4 I think I see / I’m seeing one.
- If you risk nothing, then you risk everything! 5 I watch / I’m watching for the mother.
- Parents today need to protect their children more 6 She looks for / She’s looking for her baby.
because there are more risks.
5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
2 Work in pairs. Watch the video without
3
• Why do you think the father is teaching his son to
any sound. Answer these questions. catch alligators?
1 Where do you think they are? • Do you think it’s a good thing for the son to learn?
2 What are they doing? Why? / Why not?
3 What risks are they taking? • What were the best things your parents taught you
to do?
4 What happens at the end of the film?
• Did you learn different kinds of things from your
3 3Now watch the video with sound. Decide if mother and your father?
these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 The father doesn’t want his son to catch alligators UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
more than three feet long.
2 The son is ten years old. 6 4 Read and listen to this extract from the
video said at natural pace and then slowed
3 The son looks right when his father tells him to look down. To help you, groups of words are marked
left.
with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
4 He doesn’t catch the first alligator he sees. sounds are in CAPITALS.
5 They make a special noise to scare the mother
RIGHT NOW // I don’t WANT him / CATching / Any
alligator.
Alligators / MORE than three FEET
6 The father tells his son to run.
7 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
at natural pace.
22
Review 1 23
24
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• Where do you think this is? Why?
• Why do you think they are travelling in this way?
• What do you think is good about this way of
travelling? Why?
• What do you think is bad? Why?
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss these
questions.
• What different ways of travelling are there where
you live?
• Which kind do you like most / least? Why?
• Can you think of any other ways of travelling that
you want to try?
• Do you enjoy the journeys you make every day?
Why? / Why not?
Getting
there
90101_03_U3_p024-031.indd 25
Unit 3 Getting there 25
10/6/16 6:28 PM
We’re lost!
2
1 6
3
4
5
7
8
10
9
12
11
1 Label the picture with the words in the box. 7 I live really near a big . It gets very noisy
on match days.
a bridge a monument a sports ground
a church a playground a subway 8 There’s a huge traffic jam in the centre of town
a crossing a police station a town hall because the aren’t working.
a crossroads a roundabout traffic lights
3 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about where
you live, work or study. What things are there?
2 Complete the sentences about places where
people live with nouns from Exercise 1. There’s an old church near where I work.
1 There’s a nice in the park near my house. There’s a subway under the main road near my house.
I sometimes take the kids there.
2 In the centre of town, there’s a big to the LISTENING
people who died in the war.
4 14 Listen to a couple on holiday asking for
3 My dad’s a member of the local council. He works in directions. Answer the questions.
the .
1 Where are they trying to get to?
4 When you come to the , take the second
exit. 2 What problems do they have in each conversation?
5 They’re building a new over the river at 3 How do they travel?
the moment. 4 Do they get to where they want to go in the end?
26
I missed my flight
Vocabulary Travelling by plane 4 Read the blog post. Match the lessons in
Exercise 3 with the paragraphs.
1 Match these phrases with the pictures (1–9).
a be late taking off 1 I hated waiting. This was my big problem. It was
b call a taxi even worse when they introduced online check-in,
because you could get to the airport forty minutes
c check in online before the flight and still catch it if nothing went
d check the departures board wrong. Unfortunately, when I got stuck in heavy traffic,
e get stuck in heavy traffic on the way or the train was delayed or it took ages to go through
security, I missed flights. But then a friend bought
f join the queue to board me a tablet and I realised that waiting was actually
g take ages to go through security enjoyable. I could read, watch films, relax!
h land on time 2 The first time I missed a flight, I actually left really
i run to the boarding gate early and planned to arrive almost two hours before
my flight. However, when I got to the train station to
go to the airport, I found that they were doing repairs
Reading on the line and there was a bus to replace the train – a
2 Read the introduction to a blog post. What can very old, slow one. We eventually arrived at the airport
you guess about the writer? three minutes after the check-in closed!
3 Once, I was catching a very early flight to go back
home. I got to the boarding gate in plenty of time, but
Travelling Man
Lessons in life: I was really tired, so I decided to have a little sleep
while I was waiting. When I woke up, there were no
how not to passengers around me and the woman from the airline
was walking away from the gate. There wasn’t another
flight for ten hours! I hate waiting!
28
5 Work in groups. Based on what you read and on 3 A: It was so stupid. I where I was going
your own experiences, explain why you think and I into a lamppost. (not look, walk)
the author: B: Oh no! ? (anyone watch)
1 started to enjoy waiting. 4 I was going through the arrivals hall at Madrid airport
2 didn’t take a taxi when the train was cancelled. and these people were taking photos of me, which
I thought was strange. Then I round
3 didn’t wake when the flight was boarding. and I realised this famous actress, Penelope Cruz,
4 didn’t buy a ticket with more time to connect in behind me! (turn, walk)
Charles de Gaulle.
5 went to the wrong airport.
6 didn’t wait at the boarding gate when he started Pronunciation
reading his book.
8 15 Listen and write down the five past
continuous phrases you hear. You will hear
Grammar each twice: first fast and then slower.
B: Y
es, you need to take a practical test of your concert
riding skills, but it’s quite easy.
30
d There aren’t any more problems on the A6. using these words. Together, try to write them
e You can expect some delays there all day.
down. Then listen again and check.
f There are terrible problems in a lot of places. bags crossroads ground strike
g Plenty of flights are delayed and quite a few (flights) clock gate security truck
cancelled.
h Expect a bit of trouble there. 14 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
i There’s no parking in or around the ground. write collocations or phrases for the words in
Exercise 13.
pack my bags, put my bags in the car, heavy bags
EAT
32
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• Where do you think this café is and what kind of
food does it serve?
• Would you like to eat there? Why / Why not?
• Does this place remind you of any places where
you live? In what way? Do you go there?
2 Look at the different kinds of food in the box
below. Tell your partner:
• which of the kinds of food below you like, which
you don’t like and why.
• if there are restaurants near you which serve this
food and where they are.
Unit 4 Eat 33
, but I went there again recently and it true (T) or false (F). Listen again and check your
was quite expensive and the were much answers.
smaller! 1 They both like Thai food.
6 I went there once, and I had this dish which tasted 2 The seafood place is in a department store.
, but when I complained about it, the waiter
was quite . 3 Sara eats any kind of food.
7 They have a fixed menu, and there isn’t much 4 They need to get a bus to go to Selale.
. There are usually just two or three 5 Sara doesn’t like Turkish food.
for each course. 6 They are definitely eating in Selale.
8 It’s great. You can sit outside on the there
and get an incredible over the city. 5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
9 I really want to go there again. I this • Which of the three restaurants in Exercise 3 would
amazing seafood dish when I went there. In fact it was you prefer to eat in? Why?
all really , but it’s also really expensive. • How often do you eat out for breakfast, lunch or
dinner? Where do you go? Who with?
34
are true (T) or false (F). Notice how have you ever is pronounced
/həvjʊ:wevə(r)/.
S: Well, there’s a really nice Thai place just down the
road. Have you ever been there? 11 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask your partner
V: Yeah, I go there a lot. I actually went there yesterday. the questions in Exercise 9 and give true
V: Well, why don’t we go to Selale instead. Have you answers. Then write five more Have you
been there? ever …? questions.
S: No. I’ve never heard of it. Where is it?
For further practice, see Exercises 2 and 3 on page 171.
V: It’s Turkish. It’s really good. I’ve been there a few
times.
S: Really? I haven’t ever had Turkish food. DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
V: You’re joking.
1 The past participle is usually the same as the past
simple form. Making and responding to suggestions
Look at how we make suggestions and respond to them.
2 Always answer a present perfect question with a
present perfect form such as Yes, I have. A: Where do you want to go?
3 Don’t use the present perfect with a past time phrase B: There’s a nice Indian place round the corner. How
such as yesterday or a few years ago. about that?
4 Make the present perfect negative using not or A: To be honest, I don’t really feel like a curry today.
never after have / has. B: Well, why don’t we go to Prego instead.
Check your ideas on page 170 and do Exercise 1. A: Oh, I went there once but I had a dish that tasted
disgusting.
7 Complete each sentence with two ideas. Try to
make them true and surprising! 12 Work in pairs. Write similar conversations using
• I’ve never eaten / drunk … these ideas.
• I’ve never been to … 1 Gino’s Pizzas / pizza yesterday / the Thai place next
to it
• I’ve never …
2 Mexican place by the river / don’t feel like / the
8 Work in groups. Share your ideas from Exercise 7. seafood place near here
Respond using some of these phrases. 3 cafe round the corner / not much choice / a Chinese
restaurant
You’re joking! You should. You’ll love it!
4 Harvey’s restaurant / last time service bad / order a
Really! Why not? takeaway
Me neither! I’ve never had the chance.
CONVERSATION PRACTICE
9 Complete the sentences using the present perfect
or the past simple form of the verbs. 13 Spend a few minutes thinking of three places
where you might go and eat with other students
1 A: anything unusual? (ever eat)
in your class. What’s good / bad about them?
B: Yeah, I bat soup once. (have)
2 A: to an expensive restaurant? (ever go)
14 Have conversations similar to the one you heard
in the listening. Use these questions to start.
B: Yes, I to a very famous Spanish place Reject at least one of your partner’s ideas and
with work. Luckily, my boss ! (go, pay) explain why.
3 A: in a restaurant? (ever complain) • Are you hungry?
B: Yeah, a few times, actually. Last week I • Do you want to get something to eat?
in a café because the food cooked
properly. (complain, not be) • Where are you thinking of going?
4 A: a hair in your food? (ever find) • Have you ever been there?
B: No, never, but I once a piece of glass in 6 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
a burger. I couldn’t believe it! (find)
Unit 4 Eat 35
MAIN COURSES
36
Unit 4 Eat 37
38
c d
FORBIDDEN FRUIT
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Discuss these 6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
questions. • What’s your favourite fruit? Are there any fruits you
• Do you know what this fruit is? Have you ever tried it? really don’t like? Why?
• Where do you think it might be most popular? • Would you try durian – if you haven’t already? Why? /
Why not?
• What problems might be connected to the fruit?
• Are there any smelly foods that you really like?
2 Watch the video. Find three problems
7
• What other problems with guests do you think hotel
caused by the fact that this fruit is so popular. staff sometimes face?
3 Work in pairs. Can you remember:
1 the four different ways people described the smell UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
of durian?
7 8 Read and listen to this extract from the
2 why cheese was mentioned? video said at natural pace and then slowed
3 the price of durian? down. To help you, groups of words are marked
4 where the smell of durians can spread to if people with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
eat them in hotels? sounds are in CAPITALS.
5 the ways of removing the smell of durians? Other CULtures / LOVE / FOODS / that SMELL
4 7 Watch the video again to check your ideas. STRONGly // CHEESE / a FAvourite / in the WEST // is
ACtually ROtted MILK // a SMELL PEOple in Asia / find
5 Decide which sentences below are facts and
disGUSting
which are opinions. Work in pairs. Compare
your ideas and discuss how you reached your 8 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
decisions. at natural pace.
1 The durian is a seasonal fruit.
2 Durians are awful.
3 Durians are banned from some hotels.
4 They smell like a rubbish dump.
5 Asian people think cheese smells disgusting.
6 Durians don’t bear fruit for at least fifteen years.
40
RELAX
42
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss
these questions.
• Where do you think the woman in the photo is?
• What is she doing?
• Why do you think people enjoy doing things like this?
• Do you find this kind of thing relaxing? Why? /
Why not?
2 Change partners. Discuss these questions.
• Which of the things below do you do? How often?
• Which things do other people you know do?
Unit 5 Relax 43
A: Do you want to play golf with me on Saturday? 3 Yes – and Saturday morning, .
B: Yeah, maybe. Is there a course near here? 4 I’m sorry, but are coming.
A: There’s one about 30km away. 5 There’s actually an athletics track just .
6 To be honest, though, a park or
3 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. somewhere like that.
• Can you think of five more places or pieces of 7 Do you have any plans for us ?
equipment connected to the activities on page 43?
8 We’re thinking of going in the mountains
• What sport facilities are available near you? near here.
• What sports equipment do you have in your home? 9 Oh right. Do you have any ? I don’t have
anything with me.
10 If we want to of the day, we need to
leave early.
44
a bad loser conservative lazy messy 3 My grandparents are coming for dinner tonight.
bad with money forgetful loud unfit 4 I’m meeting a friend for a drink tomorrow.
5 I’m playing basketball on Thursday.
8 Tell your partner five negative opinions. Think 6 A friend of mine is having a party on Friday night.
about free-time activities and interests, famous
people, places, food, music, films, etc. 13 Work in pairs. Tell your partner your sentences
To be honest, I don’t think German food is very nice. from Exercise 12. Your partner should ask
questions to find out more.
I must admit, I hate golf.
I have to say, I can’t stand Jason Statham. For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 172.
Unit 5 Relax 45
1 I once a medal in a running race at school. 7 Look at the sentences from the talk. Then work
in pairs and discuss the questions below.
2 I 185 the last time I went bowling. That’s
my best ever. a Football is the most popular sport in the world.
3 A: How fast can you swim 100 metres, then? b Football is the simplest game to play.
c The basic rules are among the easiest to grasp of
B: I don’t usually myself, but I guess it’s
any sport.
around two minutes. I usually do about 30 lengths
in 20 minutes. 1 When do we use most to form superlatives?
4 We our last match 1–1. We were winning 2 When do we use -est to form superlatives?
until the 89th minute! 3 Why do we use -iest (not just -est) in sentence c?
5 My brother always me when we play
Check your ideas on page 172 and do Exercise 1.
cards. I’m sure he cheats!
6 I was playing football in the street and I 8 Complete the sentences so they are true for you.
the ball through my neighbour’s window by mistake. Use the superlative forms of the adjectives in
7 Don’t it to me! I’m terrible at catching. brackets.
8 A: Who do you ? 1 is person I know. (tall)
B: Slavia Prague. I’ve got a season ticket, so I go to 2 person I know is probably . (fit)
all their home games.
3 is person I know. (clever)
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to choose five words 4 person in my family is . (relaxed)
or phrases from Exercise 1, and explain, act or 5 is building in my town. (ugly)
draw them. Your partner should guess the words
without looking at the book. 6 thing I’ve ever done is . (exciting)
B: This means you like a football team, and you always
want them to win.
PRONUNCIATION
A: Support?
B: Right. 9 27 Listen and notice how we usually
pronounce -est as /ɪst/. Practise saying the
3 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. sentences.
• Are you good at sport or at any other games?
• Have you ever won anything? 10 Work in groups. Compare your sentences from
• Do you know how fast you can swim / run / cycle? Exercise 8. Give extra details. For example:
• Do you support any teams? Why? A: My brother-in-law, Javier, is the tallest person I know.
He’s almost two metres.
• If you support a team, how’re they doing at the
moment? B: Really? OK. Well, I have a friend, Dimitry, who’s two
metres five. He’s a giant!
46
d e f
A
lthough it’s doesn’t attract big crowds or money, pato is 2 is the oldest.
the national sport of Argentina. It was invented in the 17th 3 is the newest.
century and originally involved two teams on horses trying 4 was once the most dangerous.
to prevent each other from carrying a duck (pato in Spanish) to
5 is the most dangerous now.
their farmhouse. The sport was banned for a while because of
violence – not only to the duck, but also to other players. Some were 14 Match the words in bold in the article with
killed in fights or because horses kicked them. The modern game these meanings.
(sometimes also known as ’horseball’) is a lot safer. Teams of four 1 try
riders fight for the ‘duck’ (now a ball with handles) and throw and
catch it to try and score in their opponent’s net. 2 stop
3 the result
S
ince 1948, keirin has become one of Japan’s biggest sports
4 the speed something happens at
with over 20 million spectators a year attending events.
People now bet over $15 billion dollars on the outcome of the 5 the person who you try to beat when you play
races. Keirin is like horse racing, but with cyclists. Nine competitors 6 the person who stops anyone cheating
ride round a track, following a cyclist who sets the pace at about 7 made illegal by the government
50km/h. He then leaves the track so the riders can race each other
8 try to win money by guessing the winner
for the last part of the race, reaching speeds of 70km/h. There are
often crashes as there is so little space to race in. Riders have to train
15 hours a day in special schools to be able to race, and can win SPEAKING
millions of dollars.
15 Work in groups. First, discuss the questions
B
ossaball is quite a new game with a small but growing number by talking about the sports in the texts.
of fans. It was invented in 2004 by a Belgian, Filip Eyckmans, Then talk about other sports / games you
and first became popular in Spain. It’s played on a special know. Explain your ideas.
inflatable pitch and is a mixture of volleyball, football, gymnastics • Which sport / game do you think is the most
and dance. Players bounce up and down and aim to pass, kick and fun to do?
head the ball over the net. The rules are quite complicated, but you • Which do you think is the best to watch?
basically lose a point when the ball touches the floor. The referee is
• Which do you think needs the most skill to do?
also a DJ who plays Brazilian music as the teams play.
• Which do you think needs the most fitness?
• Which do you think needs the most strength?
Unit 5 Relax 47
48
child person occupy sell 13 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
drama publish relax stress
write collocations or phrases for the words in
Exercise 12.
play a game, play cards, play the piano
Unit 5 Relax 49
50
SPEAKING
1 Imagine you are the photographer. Think
about these questions.
• Why did you take the photo of the boy?
• Who are the people in the small photo?
• Who is the boy and how does he know the people
in the small photo?
• What has happened since the black-and-white
photo was taken?
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to tell your stories.
3 Change partners. Tell your partner about:
• how often you take photos and what of.
• a favourite photo that you have. Explain who or
what is in it, and why you like it.
FAMILY AND
FRIENDS Unit 6 Family and friends 51
52
3 known / have / how long / them / you / ? B: That’s me when I was six.
4 you / are / English / studying / why / ? 2 A: Who’s the guy the hat?
6 enjoying / you / the / are / class / ? 3 A: Who was the woman sitting to you in
class today?
8 you / have / did / nice weekend / a / ?
B: That was my cousin, Wardah.
9 you / did / do / what / ?
4 A: How was the film?
B: The film was OK, but the man behind me
kept talking to his partner and the guy in
PRONUNCIATION of me had a really annoying laugh!
10 32 Listen to the questions from Exercise 9 – 5 A: Who’s the woman the baby?
first said slowly, then faster. Notice the stressed B: That was a colleague the place I worked
sounds in the faster speech. in Italy. I’ve forgotten her name now.
11 Work in groups. Ask and answer the questions. 13 Work in pairs. Talk about the photo below. Ask
and answer questions about who the different
For further practice, see Exercises 2 and 3 on page 174. people are and make comments about them.
54
for each question. Think of the reasons for your /g/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
choices.
10 37 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
4 Complete the definitions below with words from using these words. Together, try to write them
the quiz. down. Then listen again and check.
1 If you an online picture, you add the
weekend negotiate vague wedding
names of the people in it. quote quiz work gap
2 If someone does something without your ,
they do it before you say it’s OK. 11 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
3 If you fun of someone, you laugh at them write collocations / phrases for the words in
and make jokes about them. Exercise 10.
4 If you someone, you remove them from Have a great weekend.
your list of online friends.
I might go shopping at the weekend.
5 If you post status updates, it’s not clear
how you feel or what has happened. I went there last weekend.
6 If you someone, you stop them from
seeing your status updates, photos, etc.
5 Work in groups of three. Discuss your answers
to the quiz, and explain your choices. Who are
you more similar to in your group?
56
a
funny things. Do you:
share the pictures with all your online friends?
77 One of your cousins often posts inspiring quotes like
Follow your dreams. Do you:
b sometimes look at them and smile to yourself? a share them with all your friends because you love positive ideas?
c hide any further posts from this person? b comment occasionally on ones you like, but mostly just not look
at them?
c make fun of him by posting pictures of disgusting things b try to write positive comments when you have time?
and writing that they’re your dinner? c feel uncomfortable and unsure of what to say?
WOMAD
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Say: 5 Complete the second phrase with the correct
• what’s happening in the photo. form of the word in bold. The first one is done
for you.
• what kind of performances happen at a place like this.
1 combine different styles
• what’s good and bad about these kinds of events. a combination of dance and drama
2 11 Watch the first part of the video (0.00– 2 perform on the main stage
1.22) about the WOMAD festival. Find out: give a great
1 who takes part in the festival. 3 find him inspiring
get from the world around me
2 what WOMAD stands for.
4 get on with my neighbours
3 who co-founded the festival.
live in a nice
4 why he founded it.
5 personally, I don’t like it
3 Work in groups. Discuss these questions express my view
• Would you like to go to a festival like WOMAD? 6 celebrate my birthday
Why? / Why not? it’s a of our culture
• Who are the most famous foreign musicians in your 7 continue the tradition
country? wear clothes
• What kind of music do they play? Do you like what 6 Work in pairs. Take turns to talk about one of
they do? the following topics. Your partner should ask
• Are any musicians from your country famous abroad? questions to find out more.
Where? • a festival I know about
4 11 Watch the second part of the video • music I like
(1.23–4.24), about a band called Spaccanapoli.
Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
1 Eight people play in the band.
7 12 Read and listen to this extract from the
2 They’ve played at WOMAD several times. video said at natural pace and then slowed
3 Marcello taught himself to play the tambourine. down. To help you, groups of words are marked
4 Their music mixes different styles. with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
sounds are in CAPITALS.
5 They don’t normally sing in the streets.
6 The song he sings at the end is a love song. and THERE were these // REAlly sTUNning // VOICes /
DOing // much BEtter than I ever could / so THAT was //
really insPIring for me
8 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
at natural pace.
58
Review 3 59
60
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• Where do you think this is? Why?
• What kind of building might this be?
• Why do you think the map of the world is here?
• Where’s your home on the map?
• How many countries or areas on the map can you
name?
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss the
questions.
• Which places in your own country have you visited
or lived in?
• Do you have a favourite town, city or area in your
country? Why?
• Do you have any family or friends in other parts of
the country?
62
CONVERSATION PRACTICE
11 Think about how to answer the questions below.
You can give answers that are true for you – or
invent answers.
Where are you from? Where’s that?
Whereabouts (do you live)? Where’s that?
What’s it like?
12 Have conversations with other students to find
out where they are from and what it’s like.
13 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
MY NEW
share the kitchen, but that’s OK because it’s a good place
to meet the other students and talk. I’ve taught some
of my flatmates to cook some Chinese dishes! Some of
them didn’t know to cook eggs, so it’s really helped to
make friends.
HOME
I think I’m more confident now, maybe because I have to
do things for myself and I find I can do them well. Well,
I can do them OK. And I love the freedom to do what I
want. I can come home late and I don’t have to answer
questions about where I’ve been.
64
KENTA
I work for a big Japanese car company. It’s a secure job and the money’s good, but
because I’m a junior member of staff, I have to work in different places overseas every
couple of years. Sometimes junior staff don’t want to go, but they can’t say no, because
refusing can affect their future career. However, I always think it’s a great opportunity
and I learn about other cultures. Anyway, I’m currently based in Togliatti in Russia,
about 500 miles south-east of Moscow. It’s very different to my home town, Fukuoka.
It’s colder, of course, and the food is very different too, but I have a nice apartment on
the top floor of a big block.
The hardest thing for me this time is that my wife and two children are still in Japan.
I can visit three times a year, and we keep in touch online, but I get very lonely
sometimes and I miss my kids terribly. On the positive side, though, I’m getting more
experience and learning a lot, and that’s very useful to get a senior job in the company.
66
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 176. Student B: read File 10 on page 190.
Now roleplay the conversation.
VOCABULARY Staying with people
11 Complete the sentences with these verbs.
SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
13 44 Listen and repeat the sounds with /æ/, /aː/
borrow hang leave lock take off and /aɪ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
clear help lend show use
14 45 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
1 Do you want me to my shoes before I using the words below. Together, try to write
come in? them down. Then listen again and check.
2 Can I an umbrella? They said it might rain
later. bank farm island market
climate financial map mind
3 That was delicious! Shall I help you the
table?
15 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
4 You can just your bag and things in the write collocations or phrases for the words in
corner there. Exercise 14.
5 You can your coat on the back of the door walk along the river bank,
there.
sit on the bank,
6 Could you me a phone charger?
see people fishing on the banks
7 Make sure you the door if you come home
late.
8 Let me you round the house.
9 Do you mind if I your bathroom?
10 yourself to anything to eat or drink.
EDUCATION
68
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• What do you think the people are learning?
• Where do you think it is?
• Why do you think they are learning this? Do you
think it’s a good idea?
• What adult education programmes are there where
you live?
• Have you studied or learned a skill outside of
school or university? What?
2 Work with a new partner. Look at the subjects
in the box and explain which subjects:
• you liked at school.
• you are good at / not very good at.
• you are still interested in.
Unit 8 Education 69
7 I’ve got next term. Hopefully, I’ll pass. 6 Can you remember the answers to the questions
8 When I , I wanted to get a job in the above? Work in pairs and compare your ideas,
media, but it was impossible to find one. then look at audio script 47 on page 200 to check.
9 If I want to get a good job, I’ll have to . 7 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
• Who should decide each of the things below –
parents or their children? Why?
PRONUNCIATION - which school / university to go to
2 46 Listen to these words. Match each one - which subjects to do at school
to a stress pattern below. - whether to go to university or not
design graduate nursery university - which degree to do
economics history primary • What are the advantages and disadvantages of NOT
geography interested secondary going to university?
1 oO 2 Ooo 3 ooOo 4 oOoo 5 ooOoo
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
3 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
• How old do you think the people are in each
sentence in Exercise 1? No?
• Which of the stages of education in Exercise 1 have When someone says a negative sentence that surprises
you been through? Was each one a good time of us, we often respond by asking No? We then expect the
your life? Why? / Why not? other person to explain what they mean. You can also say
Really?
• Did you have any hopes or plans at each stage?
A: Dad doesn’t want me to, though.
What were they? Did they come true?
B: No?
• Do you know anyone who is at primary school /
secondary school / university at the moment? Do A: No, he just wants me to stay in the system and go
they enjoy it? What are their plans for the future? straight to university.
70
Unit 8 Education 71
72
• Individual teachers decide how to deal with bad 10 Choose two pairs of situations below. Write
behaviour. sentences comparing the two situations, using
• Students do a lot of group work in classes. had to and could for the past, and have to and can
for the present.
• The government provides a lot of technological
resources such as computers and interactive When I was at primary school, I could go home for
whiteboards. lunch, but at secondary school I had to stay at school.
• People usually have to buy their own textbooks. • primary and secondary school
• The summer holidays are five weeks long. • secondary school and university
• A lot of students leave school without any • school / university and work
qualifications. • living with my parents and living on my own
• Over 50% of people go to university. • being single and being married
• At university, the grade depends more on essays and • life before having your first child – and life after
projects than exams.
11 Work in pairs. Tell each other your sentences.
Ask each other questions to find out more
information.
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 177.
Unit 8 Education 73
74
1
In a recent survey, the majority Parents and schools often push kids to get the best test scores. Kids then
of the students questioned start to feel scared that if they don’t do well, they won’t get good jobs – and
said they sometimes cheated – bad economic situations also make people feel less secure. On top of all that,
kids are growing up in a world where great emphasis is placed on money and
and contrary to expectations,
winning!
it’s not only weaker students
2
who cheat, but also the Schools in many different contexts need to show that their students are doing
well if they want more money from the government. A school with poor test
strongest and best. Many
scores starts to fail: it gets less money and has fewer resources, so smart students
students don’t just copy from go elsewhere, and teachers may well lose motivation. As a result, more and
the internet, they also buy more importance is placed on doing well in tests. Students soon realise this –
essays from online firms that and some then decide to cheat.
3
write to order. Of course, while Technology can make people impatient. Kids grow up expecting to get what
the desire to get an advantage they want when they want it. As a result, kids have less patience and less desire
by cheating is nothing to work hard. Cheating seems to offer a way to get what you want without
new, modern technology is waiting or effort. Of course people are tempted!
4
constantly coming up with All too often, cheats win! Partly this is because kids today are better at
clever ways of breaking the cheating and are sometimes one step ahead of teachers; partly it’s because it’s
rules. There are websites with simply too much trouble to check and challenge every person that cheats.
Kids see some of their classmates cheating – and succeeding – and decide to
whole sections selling hi-tech
try it themselves.
‘exam equipment’!
5
Kids see stories in the news about famous sports stars who have used drugs
Why is this happening now?
to improve their performance, business people who have lied to make
What’s causing the huge bigger profits, people who have got jobs using CVs that were not completely
growth in cheating? Well, there true, and politicians who have lied about their expenses. Is it any surprise
are five main reasons. that some kids decide to copy them?
So what can we do to prevent cheating? Well, that’s what I will explore in part two.
Unit 8 Education 75
FAINTING GOATS!
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss the 5 15 Choose the correct option. Then listen
questions. again and check your answers.
• Where do you think these people are? 1 The goats are between six and seven months /
• What do you think their lives are like? Think about years old.
how they spend their days, what they eat, etc. 2 The goats behave this way because they have eaten
• What do you think they might miss most if they go to the wrong food / of their genes.
the United States on holiday? 3 The men joke about taking / are planning to take a
goat back to Africa with them.
2 15 Watch the first part of the video (0.00–
0.40) about two Maasai runners visiting another 4 You can / can’t get the same medical problem the
goats have if you eat cooked goat meat.
country. Find out:
5 In the end, they decide to / not to buy a goat to eat.
1 where they are.
2 what they’re missing and why. 6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
3 what they decide to do about it. • What kinds of things do you miss most when you are
away from home?
3 Check you understand the words in bold below,
• Have you ever seen anyone faint? When? Where?
from the second part of the video. Then work What happened?
in pairs. Discuss how you think each word is
connected to the Maasai men in the video. • What kinds of things are you most scared of?
1 Both my grandfathers are dead. • What do you usually do when you’re scared?
2 My leg muscles really hurt. I ran too far yesterday! • Do you know of any other animals that have strange
habits?
3 Student numbers expanded by 20% last year.
4 They’ve found the gene that causes the disease.
UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
5 I wanted to, but in the end I got scared and decided
not to do. 7 16 Read and listen to this extract from the
76
Review 4 77
78
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss:
• where you think the people are.
• what time of year you think it is.
• what’s happening – and why.
• whether you think this is a good idea or not.
2 Work with a new partner. Discuss these
questions.
• Do you feel physically / mentally different at different
times of the year?
• What time of year do you usually feel happiest? Why?
• What time of year do you usually feel healthiest? Why?
• Which illnesses / health problems are connected to
different times of the year?
• What solutions can you think of for these problems?
Mind
and body Unit 9 Mind and body 79
8 Complete the sentences from the conversations a Yes. The doctor gave me some tablets the other day.
with one word in each space. The first letters are b No, not really. I’ve got a terrible headache.
given. c No, not yet, but I’ve got an appointment this
1 Maybe you s go home and get some rest. afternoon.
d No, not really. I’m just drinking lots of water. That’s all.
2 W d y get some
sunglasses to protect your eyes a bit? e Yes, I went yesterday. He just told me to go home and
take it easy.
3 Maybe you o t try it.
f No, not really. I’ve got a bit of a cold.
Check your ideas on page 177 and do Exercise 1.
12 Work in pairs. Think of two more possible
answers to each question.
9 Complete the sentences with one word in each
space.
1 That leg looks really bad! I think you see a CONVERSATION PRACTICE
doctor about that. 13 You are going to roleplay two conversations
2 Maybe you to just go to bed early tonight similar to those you heard in the listening. First,
and get some rest. imagine you have a health problem. Decide how
3 You really make an appointment. serious it is, what the symptoms are, if you’ve
don’t you call the doctor now and see if been to the doctor’s or taken anything for it, etc.
you can go in tomorrow?
14 Work in pairs. One student should start the
4 I don’t think you go out if you’re not conversation by asking: Are you OK? Use as much
feeling very well.
language from this lesson as you can. Then
5 It’s a big decision. Why you think about it change roles and repeat.
for a few days?
17 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
6 What we do about the cat? If you have
an allergy to him, maybe we think about
finding him another home.
3 Read each sentence and decide whether it is an 5 You say Never when you are telling
someone not to worry or be sad.
argument the writer makes.
6 You say To make s worse when you’re
1 Asthma sufferers don’t need drugs.
telling a story about a problem and want to say
2 With a placebo, there can be changes in the body. something caused extra problems.
3 All side effects of drugs are caused by the nocebo 7 You ask You don’t ? or Would you
effect. ? to check that someone is sure they are
4 Some people can change their body temperature by happy to do something.
thinking about it. 8 You say I’ve got a lot on my to say you
5 How well you deal with pain depends completely on have problems you are worrying about.
your character. 9 You say That’s a of opinion when you
6 Using hypnotherapy instead of drugs can mean disagree with what someone said.
operations are more successful.
7 You are as old as you feel.
Pronunciation
8 As you get older, you are more likely to get injured
playing sport. 7 54 Listen and notice which sounds are
4 Complete the second phrase with the correct stressed. Then listen again and repeat.
form of the word in bold. All the missing words
are in the article. 8 Complete these short dialogues with phrases
1 several different solutions see a big from Exercise 6.
2 provide treatment for free cancer 1 A: S
o I was already late and then , the bus
broke down.
3 study science become a
B: Well, . At least you’re here now.
4 experience difficulties no previous
2 A: How could you make such a silly mistake?
5 control my emotions give support
B: Sorry. at the moment.
6 operate on his leg the went well
3 A: What do you want to eat tonight?
7 make a good recovery from the flu
B: .
8 get injured playing football a bad knee
4 A: They don’t spend enough on healthcare.
5 Work in groups. Discuss the following. B: Well, . I pay enough in taxes already!
• Give other examples of some of the six suggestions 5 A: ?
in the article. Think about your own experience,
knowledge, people you know or stories in the news. B: Oh, nothing really. I just have a bit of a headache.
• Say how each of the six suggestions could reduce A: Shall I go to the shop and get some aspirin?
the cost of healthcare. B: ?
A: No, of course not.
82
LISTENING
4 55 Listen to three conversations. Decide
where the speakers are in each one.
a at the dentist’s d in someone’s house
b in a hospital e in a chemist’s 14
c in a restaurant
5 55 Listen again and answer these questions. 15
1 What problem does the woman have in conversation1?
2 What did she do to cure the problem?
3 Which problem does the customer have in
conversation 2: diarrhoea, indigestion or vomiting?
16
4 What instructions is she given?
5 What two problems does the man have in
conversation 3?
6 How did each one happen?
84
• Have you ever been to hospital? Why? What was the B: If you need any help, ask.
service like? A: If you need any help, look on the internet.
B: If you need any help, … – I can’t think! You win.
GRAMMAR 1 If you need any help, …
7 Read the information and the sentences in the 2 If you’ve got a cold, …
Grammar box. Then decide if the statements
below are true (T) or false (F). 3 If you’re feeling stressed, …
4 If you see the teacher, …
5 If the alarm rings, …
Imperatives 6 If you can’t sleep, …
To make imperatives, we use the infinitive form of the verb
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 178.
(without to).
Swallow the water slowly.
If they don’t solve the problem, talk to your doctor. SPEAKING
To make negative imperatives, we use don’t. 11 You are going to tell someone about a scar
Don’t take more than four tablets in a day. you have. If you don’t have one, use your
imagination and invent one! Use the questions
1 To make imperatives, we don’t use a subject before below to plan what you are going to say.
the verb. • How did you get the scar?
2 We only use imperatives to give instructions. • When did it happen? How old were you?
3 We often use conditional if-clauses with imperatives. • Where were you? What were you doing?
4 Imperatives always sound rude. • Was anyone else with you?
Check your ideas on page 178 and do Exercise 1. • What did the other people do? Did anyone help you?
• Did you have to go to hospital or have stitches?
8 Choose the correct form.
• Did you have to wait a long time to see a doctor?
1 Take / Don’t take any more today! That’s the third
one you’ve had. • How long did it take for the cut to heal / for you to
recover?
2 Eat / Don’t eat something first and then take them.
3 Put / Don’t put the bottle in the fridge. It’ll go bad if 12 Work in groups. Share your stories.
you leave it out.
4 Stop / Don’t stop taking them. You have to finish the SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
prescription.
13 56 Listen and repeat the sounds with /e/, /iː/
5 Try / Don’t try to drink it or eat it. and /eɪ/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
6 Wash / Don’t wash your hands after using it.
14 57 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
7 Put / Don’t put it there in the sun. Put it in the using the words below. Together, try to write
cupboard.
them down. Then listen again and check.
8 Let / Don’t let me drive if you’re feeling sleepy.
ache bleed feet raise
9 Match the sentences in Exercise 8 to the bend breath pain sweat
warnings given with medication below.
a Store in a cool dry place. 15 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
b Keep refrigerated. write collocations or phrases for the words in
c May cause tiredness. Exercise 14.
d Complete the full course. my muscles ache,
PLACES TO
STAY
86
SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo of a
planned new resort and discuss the questions.
• Do you think it’s a good place for a resort? Why? /
Why not?
• Would you go there? Why? / Why not?
• What are the big resorts in your country? What can
you do there?
• Have you been to any resorts? Where? Where did
you stay? What did you do there?
2 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
• What do you look for when you choose
somewhere to stay? Think about these things.
3 Work in groups. Can you think of: D: So if, for whatever reason, they didn’t come, they’d lose
1 two other things you can share in a hostel? that money?
2 two other kinds of room in a hotel? R: I’m afraid so. The complete payment is made on arrival.
88
/ɪː/ b /eɪ/ a
/e/ f /aɪ/ i
/əʊ/ o /uː/ q
/aː/ r
90
8 Which of the adjectives below do you think B: Difficult! They’re both great, but if I
choose, I to St Petersburg, just because
describe Lady Zaza? Work in pairs and compare the traffic isn’t as bad. (have to, probably go)
your ideas. Explain your choices.
6 A: If you only visit one place in your
ambitious demanding lazy selfish tidy country, where would it be? (can)
B: Probably New York. There’s so much to see and
9 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. do there.
• Can you think of any other adjectives to describe 12 Complete each sentence 1–5 in two different
Lady Zaza? Do you know anyone else with these ways using your own ideas. Then work in
characteristics? groups and share your ideas.
• Have you ever heard of anyone else making similar 1 If I had more money, I’d .
demands? What did they ask for?
2 I wouldn’t even if you paid me!
• Why do you think people make demands like this?
3 If I had to choose between and
• Why do you think people agree to these demands? , I’d .
Would you?
4 If I could only , I’d .
5 If I wasn’t , I’d .
Grammar
13 Work in pairs. Look at these situations. Discuss
how would you react and what you would do.
Second conditionals Explain why.
Second conditionals are sentences of two parts. The if 1 You’re a receptionist and a customer is refusing to
part uses past tenses to talk about imagined situations, or pay for the drinks he has taken from the minibar in
things that are unlikely or impossible; the would part gives his room. He says he didn’t take any and is getting
the imagined results or further actions. quite angry.
2 You’re in a hotel and you can’t get to sleep because
10 Look at the sentences from the conversation. of noise next door.
Answer the questions below each one. 3 You’re camping. It’s raining and water is coming in
a She’d be very ill if she ate one by mistake. through your tent.
1 Is she ill? Is it likely that she will eat a chocolate with 4 You’re sharing a kitchen in a hostel and you see
nuts? Why not? someone leave their dirty dishes.
b I would move them if I could. 5 You’ve rented an apartment and the air conditioning
is broken. It’s boiling and the owner of the apartment
2 Does he want to move the people from the room isn’t answering their phone.
below? Can he move them?
6 You’re a cleaner, and you find $100 left on the bed
Check your ideas on page 178 and do Exercise 1. when you are cleaning the room after a guest has left.
For further practice see Exercise 2 on page 179.
2 two ways Zinaida’s holidays were different to kids’ 2 I did judo when I was younger, but then I stopped.
holidays today. 3 We usually camp, but we rented a flat this year.
3 which three people often stayed near water. 4 He’s quite fit and healthy now, but he smoked quite
4 who had a close encounter with danger. heavily when he was younger.
5 who has nice memories of cooking. 5 I had really long hair when I was at college, but I had
it cut short a few years ago.
6 who sometimes stayed in a theme park.
6 It’s become very popular. It wasn’t crowded before.
7 who suffered a loss.
8 who spent two weeks with each set of relatives
every year. PRONUNCIATION
9 who last went somewhere over 20 years ago – and
why they’re going back. 7 62 Listen and check your answers to
Exercise 6. Notice that used to is pronounced
4 Match the verbs 1–8 with the words (a–h) they /juːstə/.
were used with on the social media page. Can you
remember who used these words – and why? 8 Work in groups. Tell each other about:
1 mess around a on the fence
• something you never used to like, but do now.
2 sit b for long walks
• a place, activity or thing that used to be popular.
3 rent c breakfast on the terrace
• three things you used to love doing and three things
4 climb d a cottage you used to hate doing when you were a kid.
5 have e by the river • three things that have changed in your life.
6 get f chickens For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 179.
7 scare g a tree
8 go h bored
SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
GRAMMAR 9 63 Listen and repeat the sounds with /ʌ/, /ɒ/, /ʊ/
and /uː/. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
10 64 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
used to using the words below. Together, try to write
We often use (never) used to + infinitive (without to) instead them down. Then listen again and check.
of the past simple to describe past habits or states –
especially to talk about things that have changed since. booking holiday money room
Used to does not have a present form. For habits in the deposit look pool toothbrush
present, use the present simple + sometimes, never, two
or three times a week, etc. 11 Work in teams. You have three minutes to write
collocations / phrases for the words in Exercise 10.
92
Zinaida Vozgova I used to spend holidays with Biggi Wimmer Got you Mark. Hi Julia. Mad story.
my grandparents out of town – that meant lots of Where are you from?
fresh air, messing around by the river, fresh fruit and 48 minutes ago Like
vegetables … and no TV or technology, which isn’t
typical for our kids now … Zinaida Vozgova There was another option –
5 hours ago Like summer camp, which I did a couple of times. I
really hated it! It was so strict. Nowadays, though,
Biggi Wimmer Went to Italy every year. Near everything’s changed – camps have become more
Trieste. My parents used to own an apartment on creative and child-friendly, with lots of activities and
the beach. We went swimming all the time. Can’t English classes and so on. My son usually spends his
remember what my parents did! By the way, Mark. summers like this.
Where did YOU use to go as a kid? And how come 41 minutes ago Like
you’re going back?
4 hours ago Like Julia Tcvetkova Siberia-Lithuania-St. Petersburg-
Cape Town-London.
Julia Tcvetkova Used to spend a fortnight in a tiny 37 minutes ago Like
village out in the countryside in Siberia. Sounds dull,
but I never used to get bored. Remember sitting on Biggi Wimmer Wow! Complicated life. :-)
the fence before sunset, watching the cows being 26 minutes ago Like
brought back to the village. And running around the
fields after my dog … before the neighbours took him Julia Tcvetkova But interesting!
away for scaring their chickens! 10 minutes ago Like
4 hours ago Like
Mark Reed Eastbourne on the south coast of Sandy Millin My brother and I always spent a fortnight
England, Biggi. Used to be my favourite place in the with each set of grandparents – one in Gloucester, the
world. Not sure I’ll feel the same anymore! other near Liverpool. They used to take us on day trips
3 hours ago Like to places all over the south- and north-west – to places
like Bristol and the castles of North Wales. We also spent
Christina Rebuffet-Broadus We either went to time playing board and card games and going for long
Disneyworld in Florida or the Smoky Mountains in walks in the local area, among many other things. Food
Tennessee in the summer! At Disney, we stayed in was also a big part of it: for example, I remember making
the Polynesian Village. In the Smokies, we used to homemade pizzas with one grandma and I think we
rent a cottage in the mountains. We woke up one once made cornflake cakes with the other. Really fond
morning to find a black bear climbing a tree near the memories. Cool question Mark. Thanks for asking and
terrace we used to have breakfast on! reminding me.
1 hour ago Like 3 minutes ago Like
THE FUTURE
OF A VILLAGE
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo of Essaouira, 4 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
Morocco and discuss: • Would you like to stay in Essaouira for a holiday?
• what you think the main industry in Essaouira is. Why? / Why not?
• what difficulties a place like this might have and why. • How has the economy changed in your country?
• how the people there might solve these problems. • What industries used to be stronger? Why did they
decline? What’s replaced them?
2 19 Watch the video and take notes on
• Do you know any places where tourism has
Essaouira, its economy and how it’s changing. increased a lot? Has that been a good thing? Why? /
3 19 Work in pairs. From your notes, try to Why not?
complete the summary and the definitions
below. Then listen again to check. UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
Local fishermen don’t have regular work now because
5 20 Read and listen to this extract from the
there are fewer 1 , some work has moved
2
and they can’t 3 with big ships. video said at natural pace and then slowed
The town is trying to increase 4 to replace down. To help you, groups of words are marked
employment in the fishing industry. Essaouira used to with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
be well-known in the 5 , and lots of rock stars sounds are in CAPITALS.
and other people visited it because of the historic old
town, which is on 6 ’s World Heritage List. the FISHermen are prePARing / for aNOTHer year OUT
Since 1996 there has been a 7 in the number on the WAter // all aROUND the PORT / you can hear
of tourists. This has caused concern among local the SOUNDS of BOAT building / and SMELL fresh PAINT
people about water, land use and 8 .
in the air.
Glossary
Trawlers are 9 .
6 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
at natural pace.
The Medina is 10 .
94
Review 5 95
SCIENCE AND
NATURE
96
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
• Which of the words in the box describe the weather
in the photo?
98
PRONUNCIATION
7 67 Listen to twelve different responses.
Notice the intonation. Then listen again and
practise saying the responses.
5 66 Work in pairs. Decide which conversations 8 Work in pairs. Take turns saying the sentences
these sentences are from. Explain your from Exercise 6 and giving your own
decisions. Then listen again and check your responses. Pay attention to your intonation.
ideas.
a They’re going to pull down a lot of the horrible
houses they’ve built along the coast. CONVERSATION PRACTICE
b Yeah, it said it could save millions of lives. 9 You are going to have conversations like the ones
c It’s been so wet and windy recently. in Exercise 4.
d It makes a change to hear some good news. Student A: look at the news in File 5 on page 187.
e They’re all dying, for some unknown reason.
Student B: look at the news in File 14 on page 191.
f They should do something – fund research or
something. 10 Take turns starting conversations about your
g We need more green spaces.
news. Use the guide below to help you.
h We should go out, then – go to the beach or Student A Student B
somewhere.
Did you see / hear …?
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS No.
It said / It’s …
Really? That’s …
Responding to news and comments I know. It’s …
(make a comment – or a
When people tell us news that we haven’t heard before,
suggestion)
we often respond by saying Really? We then usually add a (agree)
comment. Speakers can agree with comments by saying
Yeah or I know and then adding their own comments.
21 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
A: Really? That’s bad news / awful / nice / great /
interesting, etc.
B: (Yeah) I know. It’s terrible / really good news / fantastic,
etc.
3 Work in pairs. Think of two more examples for 8 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
each of the four categories in Exercise 2. 1 Which animals can you think of that have an amazing
sense of smell / hearing / sight?
4 Work in groups. Discuss these questions. 2 Can you think of eight things that dogs are often
• What pets do people you know have? trained to do?
• Which of the animals in Exercise 1 can help humans? 3 Which other animals are used to detect things?
How?
4 What advantages and disadvantages of having pets
can you think of?
READING
5 Read the stories about animals helping humans. GRAMMAR
Match each story (1–6) to a headline below.
There is one headline you will not need.
Past perfect simple
Barking witness Jail bird The past perfect simple is formed using had / hadn’t + a
Wedding goes with a ‘woof’ Dinner not well done past participle.
Milk of human kindness From zero to hero
Tips for birds These pets had brought the couple together.
100
2 We usually / don’t usually use the past perfect with 4 I was quite nervous because .
other verbs in the past simple. 5 Before I was eighteen, I’d never .
3 When we describe actions in the order that they 12 Work in groups. Discuss what you think
happened in, we usually use the past perfect / simple. happened before each of these events. Use the
Check your ideas on page 179 and do Exercise 1. past perfect.
1 Guards caught and arrested a pigeon in a jail.
10 Match the two parts of the sentences. Then work
2 Fishermen found a pet dog on a desert island.
in pairs and compare your answers. Discuss why
the past simple or past perfect is used in a–h. 3 A pet rabbit saved his elderly owners.
1 The ground was wet 13 Find out what actually happened by reading
2 Someone had dropped a wallet File 15 on page 191.
3 They took him to court For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 179.
4 There was a huge traffic jam
5 I had to wait outside our house until my mum got back
6 I was very nervous SPEAKING
7 I was really shocked 14 Work in pairs. Choose one of the following.
8 My dog was going crazy when I got home a Have you heard any other animal stories in the news
recently? Describe what happened.
a because I’d forgotten my keys.
b Do an internet search for animal stories in the news.
b because it had rained the night before.
Then tell your partner about the one you liked most.
c because I hadn’t made a speech in public before. Who found the best story?
d because there were roadworks.
FRIENDS 4
The parrots had previously lived in a cage in a corner of the
restaurant. One day the owner, Mr Otusaka, heard the parrots
copying his customers’ requests and after that, he trained them
to actually take orders.
Rats may have a bad reputation, but, says a spokesman for the
charity HeroRats, they are saving hundreds of lives in Africa
1 When Andrew and Harriet Athay got married in the because of their incredible sense of smell and intelligence. The
west of England, their dog Ed acted as the best man! rats are trained to detect mines and bombs lying in the ground.
Also present on the big day were their two female Being so small, they don’t cause the mines to explode when they
dogs, Humbug and Goulash. These pets had brought stand on them. They can also detect some diseases in humans.
5
the couple together. Andrew and Harriet first met Researchers from Newcastle University have discovered that
when they were walking their respective pets along farmers can help to boost milk production by being friendly and
a beach. They then started chatting while the dogs talking to their cows. They found that when farmers gave their
were playing with each other. animals names, these cows produced over 300 litres more milk a
2
A megamouth shark, which is very rarely seen in year than those without names.
6
the wild, was eaten by Filipino fishermen after they A dog called Scooby has appeared in court in a murder case. A
caught it in a net by mistake. The World Wildlife neighbour had found the animal’s owner dead in her flat and the
Fund, which wants to protect the sharks from family had asked for an investigation. Police brought Scooby,
extinction, had asked the fishermen to let scientists who had been in the flat at the time of death, into court to see
have the body, but the fishermen insisted on using it how he would react to the main suspect. On seeing the man,
to prepare a traditional Filipino dish called kinunot. Scooby barked very loudly. The police now need to decide if
there is enough evidence to take the case further.
102
7 Look at the pairs of sentences and answer the 9 Work in pairs. Look at the headlines. Discuss
questions below. what you think each story is probably about.
ON THE
PHONE
104
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• Would you go to a museum about phones? Why? /
Why not?
• When do you think the phones in the photo were
in use?
• Have you ever seen any phones like these in real
life? If yes, where?
• What was the first phone you had? What was it
like?
2 How important are these things when choosing
a mobile phone? Put them in order from most
to least important. Work in pairs and discuss
your ideas.
106
6 Complete the conversations with these words. 3 Just tell him I don’t have the money yet …
a and I’ll send it to him right away.
away from in off out up b but I’ll definitely have it by Friday.
1 A: Hello. Is that Mary Williams? 4 We’ve only just left the house …
B: No, it’s Jane. Mary’s . She’s just gone a so could you tell her we’re going to be late?
to the shops. Is it urgent? b so tell her we’ll be there earlier than expected.
2 A: Hello, could I speak to Mr Haskell?
5 Could you tell her we’ve already sorted out the
B: I’m afraid he’s . He won’t be back for a problem …
few days. Can I take a message? a so there’s no need for her to come over?
3 A: Could I speak to Paul Philips? I phoned earlier. b because I was out, but I’m dealing with it now?
B: Of course. Hold the line. I’m afraid there’s still no
answer. He must still be his meeting. 6 I still haven’t received the package …
4 A: Hi. Frazer? a so can you ring and find out what’s happened to it?
b but I’m afraid it doesn’t contain the parts I need.
B: No, it’s actually Sylvia. I’m covering for Frazer.
He’s sick today. How can I help? 10 Choose four of the sentence endings that were
5 A: Hi, is Jay there? not correct in Exercise 9. Write a possible
beginning for each sentence using just, already,
B: Yes, but he’s not yet. Shall I wake him?
yet or still.
6 A: Hi, is Greg there, please?
B: No, sorry. He’s working home today.
CONVERSATION PRACTICE
7 Work in pairs and practise reading the 11 You are going to have conversations like the ones
conversations in Exercise 6. Take turns to start. you heard in Exercise 3. First write two messages
Continue each conversation with one or two you want to leave for different people. One
lines each. should be more formal / a business situation, the
other one should be for a friend.
GRAMMAR 12 Work in pairs. Roleplay four phone conversations.
Take turns to start. Follow the guide in File 8 on
page 189.
yet, already, still and just
22 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
These adverbs are often used with the present perfect or
with other present tenses to emphasise the time something
happened or when we expect something to happen.
108
LISTENING
2 73 Listen to three phone calls connected to a
crime. Answer the questions.
1 What happened to Bettina?
2 What kind of company / organisation is each call to?
3 Why is she making each call?
3 73 Listen again. Are these sentences true (T)
or false (F)?
1 a Bettina has to answer some questions before her
request can be dealt with.
b Bettina’s cards will be cancelled tomorrow.
2 a Bettina was walking home when her bag was
taken.
b She doesn’t give a good description of the person
that took her bag.
c The police promise to try to find the bag.
3 a Bettina is calling from her apartment.
b She has no way of proving who she is.
c Bettina owns her apartment.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss:
• what you would do if you were Bettina.
• what you’d do if you were the guy from Abbey Locks.
6 Look at these two sentences from the
• if you would report this kind of incident to the police conversations. The first is direct speech from
in your country and what they’d do. Bettina’s first conversation with the bank. The
• what you could do to avoid a similar situation to second is how she reported it. Answer the
Bettina’s. questions below.
5 74 Listen to another phone call one week a I’ve cancelled your cards and ordered new ones,
later. Find out: and they’ll be with you within three or four days.
1 who Bettina is calling, and why. b The guy I spoke to told me he’d cancelled them and
that the new cards would be with me within three
2 what problem she now has. How do you think this or four days … but I still haven’t received them.
happened?
1 What tenses / structures are used in the direct
speech in a?
GRAMMAR
2 What tenses / structures are used to report the
speech in b?
Reporting speech 3 How would you report someone saying ‘I’m very
sorry’?
When we report things people said to us, we often use
said / told me (that) + a clause. Reported speech usually Check your ideas on page 181 and do Exercise 1.
moves one tense back from direct speech.
110
c The most surprising thing you can remember anyone using the words below. Together, try to write
telling you. them down. Then listen again and check.
d Some promises someone in power made, and
euro hour mobile secure
whether they kept them or not.
home insurance photo stolen
e A lie that someone told you, and how you found out
it was a lie.
14 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
f An argument you had, and how it ended. write collocations / phrases for the words in
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 181.
Exercise 13.
cost 30 euros, pay 100 euros a week, spent 50 euros
MEMORY MAN
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 3 23Is a good memory mainly genetic or mainly
• What’s happening in the photo? a matter of learning and environment? Watch the
second part of the video (2.00–end) to find out.
• Are you good at remembering these things?
4 23 Put the adverbs in bold in the correct places
appointments English words numbers in the sentences. Then watch the whole video again
books and films jokes your childhood to check your answers.
• Why do you think you are good / bad at 1 He practises to improve the power of his memory.
remembering these different kinds of things? continuously
• Do you know anyone who has a really good 2 He’s memorised a series of historical books. even
memory? How do they do it? 3 Improving his memory has become like a full-time job.
almost
2 23 Watch the first part of the video (0.00–
1.59) about an Italian man, Gianni Golfera. 4 He has a normal life. relatively
Complete the notes. 5 In other words, he’s like other people. just
6 His genes are responsible for his great memory. partly
7 Researchers think it’s because of his very hard work.
Examples of Gianni’s good memory: mainly
8 Learning how to remember to remember. basically
• can remember and repeat 1 in order and
then backwards 5 Work in groups. Could you learn anything from
• has memorised over 2 books Gianni? Make a list of ways to remember English
vocabulary. Then put them in order from the most
• can also remember 3 effective method to the least effective.
Memory research
Malgaroli’s memory research: wants to compare the UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
genes of 4 and
6 24 Read and listen to this extract from the video
We know memory is coded in the hippocampus, but need said at natural pace and then slowed down. To help
research on: you, groups of words are marked with / and pauses
• how it’s coded are marked //. Stressed sounds are in CAPITALS.
• where 5 and why there. if you really NEED // to USE your BRAIN caPAcity / to
• why some people 6
STORE / some kind of inforMAtion / you HAVE this / this
• why only a few people are like Gianni abILity / AND you know // it’s just a MAtter of EXercise
7 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract at
natural pace.
112
Review 6 113
114
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• What do you think is happening in this photo?
• How do you think this photo is connected to film
production? Why?
• What kind of films might the bears feature in?
• Would you go and see films like that? Why? /
Why not?
2 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
• What was the last film you saw?
• What kind of film was it?
• Who was in it?
• What was it like?
116
CONVERSATION PRACTICE
5 Match the two parts of the sentences. 10 Think of three films you would like to see. They
1 I haven’t seen Hell Blood 3, can be new films or old films. Note down what
you know about each film. Think about:
2 I’ve never heard The Boredoms,
• what it’s called.
3 I’ve never tried Indonesian food,
4 I haven’t been to the new shopping centre yet, • who directed it.
5 I’ve never seen him play tennis, • who’s in it.
6 I’ve never been to Hawaii, • what kind of film it is.
• what it’s supposed to be like.
a but he’s supposed to be really good at it.
b but it’s supposed to be a violent film. 11 Work in pairs. Roleplay conversations like the
c but they’re supposed to be quite strange. one you heard in Exercise 3. Student A starts,
d but it’s supposed to be a beautiful place. and Student B makes suggestions using the
e but it’s supposed to have a great selection of stuff.
notes from Exercise 10. Discuss which film you
want to go and see, where it’s on and what time
f but it’s supposed to be quite spicy. to meet. Then change roles and have another
6 Think of one example of each of the following conversation. Begin like this:
things and say what each one is supposed to A: So what are you doing this afternoon? Have you got
be like. any plans?
• a very famous film that you’ve never seen B: I’m thinking of going to see a film. Would you like to
• a new film that you haven’t seen yet come?
• a famous book you’ve never read A: Maybe. What’s on?
• a group, singer or album you haven’t heard B: Well, there’s a film called …
• a country you’ve never been to 25 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
• a kind of food you’ve never tried
7 Work in groups. Share your ideas.
118
I
n many cities of the world, if you’re stuck Low budgets often mean films are poor quality and there’s no
in a traffic jam, you’ll find people trying money to develop new talent. Films often follow similar plots
and star the same actors, so have become too predictable.
to sell you drinks and food, but in Nigeria
Typical Nollywood films are voodoo horror or gangster films;
you’re also likely to be offered the latest even stories about poor people becoming successful, or
DVDs from the Nigerian film industry, known as domestic dramas, contain elements of magic and violence. Some
Nollywood. Nollywood produces around 1,500 complain that this focus on black magic and crime gives a bad
films a year, and is second only to India as the image of modern Nigeria.
most productive film industry in the world. In Another problem is illegal copying. Films aren’t usually shown
just 25 years, and with no government support, in cinemas (there are currently less than 30 cinemas in a country
of 150 million people), but are distributed as DVDs through
it has grown from nothing to be worth around market stalls and street sellers, so it’s difficult to control copying.
$7 billion a year. Nollywood now employs After two weeks, most films have been illegally copied and the
thousands and is one of Africa’s great success producers make no more money.
stories, but it has also reached a crossroads, However, Nollywood is changing, as seen in the work of its
as profits have fallen recently and it’s unclear leading director, Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen. Imasuen has already
what its future direction will be. directed around 200 feature films (Steven Spielberg at the same
age had directed just fourteen!). His early films followed the
The majority of Nollywood films are made for around Nollywood pattern – fast production and voodoo horror – but
$30,000 and take ten days to complete. In comparison, Imasuen’s recent films are more ambitious. Invasion 1897 had a
making a top Hollywood movie can take a year and cost budget of $1 million and tells the story of how the British invaded
$200 million. Nollywood directors use very basic special the kingdom of Benin, sent the king to prison and stole many
effects, the actors sometimes write their own lines and valuable works of art, which are now in the British Museum in
the film cameramen have to work in the streets while real London. The film was first shown at several international festivals
life continues around them. This low-budget approach and many universities in Nigeria. As well as making a profit, it
has allowed Nollywood to grow very quickly, as almost aims to promote Benin culture and make people aware of the
anyone with talent can make films. However, it’s also the issue of stolen art. Some think that films like this show a possible
source of several problems. future direction for the Nigerian film industry because they are
aimed at a more profitable middle-class cinema audience.
a b c
d e
g h
120
To show when something started, use a time expression Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
starting with 4 . 13 83 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
Some verbs are generally not used in the present perfect using the words below. Together, try to write
continuous. We use them in the present perfect simple form. them down. Then listen again and check.
For example: be, believe, hate, 5 and 6 .
behind halfway historical horror
Check your ideas on page 182 and do Exercise 1. habit happy hobby rehearse
8 Respond to these comments by writing a How 14 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
long …? question. Use the verb in brackets in write collocations / phrases for the words in
the present perfect continuous or simple. Exercise 13.
How long have you been going there? the guy behind me,
1 I’m a member of a gym. (go there) get stuck behind a big truck,
2 They have their dance class on Tuesdays. (do) stand behind me
3 She speaks English well. (learn)
122
SPEAKING
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
• Which room do you think the photo shows? Why?
• Do you think they’re moving in or moving out? Why?
• What things can you see in the photo?
• Do you think you have more or less stuff than the
people in the photo?
• Have you ever moved house? If yes, when? Why?
Was it easy or hard?
2 Rank the rooms and places below from 1 (the
most important to sort out when you move)
to 9 (the one you’d sort out last).
STUFF
90101_14_U14_p122-131.indd 123
Unit 14 Stuff 123
21/08/2015 15:12
WHAT’S IT CALLED IN ENGLISH?
LISTENING
1 84 Listen to three new flatmates planning a shopping trip. Decide which of the
things in the picture they are going to buy – and what each of these things is called.
1 4 5
2
9
12
6
7
8 10 11
13
2 84 Listen again and complete the sentences 5 Work in pairs. Look again at the things in
with three words in each space. Contractions Exercise 3. Tell each other:
like don’t count as one word. • if there are any things you don’t have.
1 We’ll have to give everything and sort the • which things you use the most.
place out.
• if there are any things you never use.
2 Maybe we should go into town and .
• where exactly each of the things in the box are in
3 One minute. I’ll get a pen and we can . your house.
4 When you use the brush, what the thing
that you use to get rubbish from the floor?
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
5 It’s a kind of liquid that’s really good .
6 It’s in the kitchen. In the cupboard .
7 We should for these things. Explaining where things are
8 Oh yes, of course. A kettle! I a kettle! We often give two descriptions of where things are: one
general, one more specific. Notice the prepositions used.
For example:
VOCABULARY Things in the house It’s in the kitchen – in the cupboard under the sink.
3 Which of these things can you see in the
pictures? 6 Choose the correct prepositions.
1 There’s one at / in the bathroom on / at the shelf.
a bin a hammer and nails a pan a stapler
a cloth a mop and bucket a plaster a torch 2 There’s one above / down the sink in the kitchen.
a desk a needle and thread a rubber a towel 3 There’s one on / at the desk in my study.
4 There’s one at / on the side – next to the sink.
4 Complete the sentences with words from
Exercise 3. 5 There’s one at / in the corner of the garage.
1 Have you got I could borrow? I’d like to 6 There’s one in / at the cupboard down / under the
have a shower. stairs.
2 Have you got ? I’d like to clean the table. 7 There’s one in / at a drawer in the kitchen, the one
up / next to the fridge.
3 Have you got ? I’ve just cut myself.
8 There’s one in the garage, in a box at / by the door.
4 Have you got ? I’ll make us some soup.
5 Have you got ? I need to go out into the 7 Work in pairs. Which things might be in the
garden and it’s really dark out there. places in Exercise 6?
6 Have you got ? I need to put a button A: There could be a towel in the bathroom on the shelf.
back on my shirt. B: Yes, or maybe different kinds of medicine.
7 Have you got ? I’ve spilt water everywhere.
8 Have you got ? I need to join these bits of
paper together.
124
FOOD
transport costs of the cans and glass bottles are higher as they are
heavier than plastic. Anyway, what’s wrong with having tap water?
It’s much more efficient.’
‘I … er … prefer … .’ The professor’s look stops me from finishing
the sentence!
‘If you must have soft drinks, buy them in recyclable plastic bottles
and get the largest size, because they use less plastic than lots of
small bottles. The same is true of those small boxes of cereal.’
T here are laws of nature that we can’t ignore,
like gravity and waste. We know what goes
up must come down and, similarly, we can’t avoid
The next problem is the amount of meat I’ve bought. He tells me
the chicken is OK, but generally meat is bad for the environment.
the fact that everything we produce and consume ‘Firstly, cows and sheep produce a lot of natural gas which causes
leads to waste. In the case of my supermarket global warming. Secondly, they’re an inefficient way to get food
shopping, there’s loads of waste. Professor Liam energy. Better to be vegetarian, especially if the vegetables are locally
Taylor, an expert on the environment, is trying to grown and you don’t eat too many dairy products.’
convince me I could waste less. I am becoming depressed as all my favourite things get crossed off
From my shopping basket, he picks up a my shopping list. ‘What about those cakes?’ I say. ‘They were made
polystyrene tray of six New Zealand kiwi fruits in the supermarket bakery and the packaging is biodegradable, so
covered in clear plastic. ‘These probably caused they must be OK.’
three tons of carbon dioxide by being flown twelve He laughs. ‘Well, I guess the cake is, but forget about
thousand miles. To make things worse, this kind biodegradable!’ Apparently, a team of archaeologists recently
of plastic is almost impossible to recycle. What’s investigated sites where rubbish had been buried. They found
wrong with local apples?’ newspapers that were thirty years old, and which you could still
‘Nothing’, I weakly reply, ‘I just prefer kiwis.’ read, next to perfectly preserved sausages!
‘Hmm. Well, if you must have them, eat Italian ones I feel slightly sick and very, very guilty.
– and buy them with no packaging.’
He looks at the bottles of water and cans of cola.
Before he can say anything, I say, ‘I’m always careful
GLOSSARY
to recycle those.’ biodegradable: if something is biodegradable it means that it can be
naturally changed by bacteria and can safely become part of earth or water.
128
8 Complete the sentences. Add the words in /ɔ:/ and /ɜ:/. Are any of them difficult to hear
brackets in the correct place. or say?
1 We paid them so I expected something better. (a lot 11 88 Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
of money) using the words below. Together, try to write them
2 I sent presents for Christmas, but they haven’t called. down. Then listen again and check.
I wonder if they received them. (to all the family)
burn chemical environment preserve
3 My husband made breakfast in bed on Valentine’s bury drawer present store
Day. It’s a shame he burnt the toast! (me)
4 My grandparents have been married for 40 years 12 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
so we want to give them for their anniversary.
write collocations / phrases for the words in
(something special)
Exercise 11.
5 She cooked this amazing meal. Honestly, she should
start her own restaurant. (for us) burn my hand,
burn some rubbish,
6 It was a bit embarrassing because they brought the dinner’s burnt
some wine, but we don’t drink! (us)
Oxford
1 Look at the photo of Oxford. What do you know 3 He took / was taking them out on boat rides along
about this place? Think about: the river and told / had told them many stories.
• its location. 4 Dodgson based / was based the stories on
situations, places and people that were familiar to
• its history.
the children.
• what it’s famous for.
5 The city has also influenced / also influences the
• any literature / art / music that is connected to the city. writing of other great fantasy writers.
2 27Watch the first part of the video (0.00–1.14). 6 They often met / were often meeting at The Eagle
Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). and Child.
1 Oxford is to the east of London. 5 Work in groups. Tell each other about:
2 It was originally a place where farmers took their a other places you know that people visit because
cows across the river. they’re connected to books / films.
3 Oxford University is the oldest university in the b any other famous universities you know about.
English-speaking world. c what your home town / city is most famous for.
4 The university was founded in 1096. d any famous people from your home town / city.
5 The university is made up of different colleges. e any films / TV series set in places you know well.
6 The Harry Potter novels were written in Oxford.
3 27Watch the second part of the video (1.15– UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
end) and find out:
6 28 Read and listen to this extract from the
• how the author of Alice In Wonderland knew the girl video said at natural pace and then slowed
that Alice was based on. down. To help you, groups of words are marked
• when the author used to tell kids the stories that with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
became Alice In Wonderland. sounds are in CAPITALS.
• two examples of how the Alice stories were possibly MANy beLIEVE the SHOP in the STOry / REPresents
based on real people and places.
a SMALL SHOP / JUST aCROSS the ROAD from
• why The Eagle and Child pub was important.
CHRISTchurch // In DODGson’s TIME / the SHOPkeeper
4 Choose the correct option. Then watch the was an OLD WOman / with a SHEEP-like VOICE
whole video again and check your ideas.
1 Historians know / have known people were teaching
7 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
and studying / had taught and studied here as far at natural pace.
back as 1096.
2 In recent years, the college building has become /
became famous as a filming location.
130
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 6 Match the verbs (1–8) with the nouns they
Contractions like don’t count as one word. collocate with (a–h).
For the 1 few weeks, they have 2 1 lend a the table
showing a series on TV 3 is all about the
2 spill b a traditional dish
history 4 Africa. It 5 be good,
because my son, 6 is never normally 3 reach c a novel
interested in that kind of thing, 7 watched 4 promote d a personal question
every single episode. It’s amazing! I’ve 8 5 read e the local culture
known him to watch something so keenly. He keeps
6 clean f money
telling us we 9 watch anything else when it’s
on! We’re not even 10 to suggest other things 7 ask g a crossroads
to watch! It’s not open for discussion. This week, the 8 make h water all over the floor
show was about one of the cities 11 white
7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
Europeans first landed – and what’s happened to it to films, things in the house, or music and art.
12
their arrival.
a carton an exhibition sculpture
2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a
a comedy an explosion special effects
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the a composer a landscape a stapler
word given. Do not change the word given. You costumes a pan a torch
must use between two and four words including
the word given. 8 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
1 Things have become much more expensive over the brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
last few months.
1 It’s a drama set in England in the
has risen a lot over the last few 12th century. (history)
months. LIVING
2 I can’t watch most horror movies. I find them too
2 We got married ten years ago. . (scared)
We ten years now. FOR 3 It wasn’t a bad film, but the ending was very
3 The use of phones during the test is not permitted. . (predict)
Remember: you use your phones during 4 It’s just a really habit he’s got. (annoy).
the test. TO 5 I don’t read much . I prefer novels and
4 I must remember to write and say thank you. short stories. (poet)
I write and say thank you. FORGET 6 Some really works of art were stolen from
the museum last night. (value)
5 My brother has been reading lots of books about
history recently. 9 Complete the text with one word in each space.
My brother has started to develop The first letters are given.
recently. INTEREST We’ve recently moved house. To be honest, I found
6 I imagine you’re quite hungry after all that travelling. the whole process really 1ti . There was so
quite hungry after all that travelling. BE much to do – and we had to buy a lot of new things as
well. We needed a mop and 2b so we could
3 Choose the correct option. give the place a clean. The 3d room was
1 I bought some amazing leathers boots / boots particularly dirty! Then my husband wanted to put up
leather / leather boots in Mexico. a big 4po of his parents in the 5l
2 I’ve been going to Spanish classes for / since / during room, so we had to go and get a 6h and
the start of the year. nails to do that. Next, my son cut himself while he was
3 We’ve been knowing / known each other for years. playing, and we didn’t have any 7pl , so it was
We went to school together. another visit to the shops! Tonight I just want to stay in,
4 That’s the place where / that my dad used to work in. watch a nice 8ro comedy, eat my way through
a 9p of biscuits and relax!
5 That / You / It must be tired after such a long journey!
6 Be ambitious. You don’t have to / mustn’t be scared
to dream big!
7 What do you call the place where / that / which you
eat at school or in an office?
8 How many times have you been seeing / seen / been
seen that movie now?
Review 7 131
132
SPEAKING
1 Look at the photo. Discuss the questions:
• Why do you think the illustration on this twenty-
dollar bill was chosen?
• Do you know any other places or people that
appear on American banknotes? If so, why do you
think they were chosen?
• What illustrations are there on the banknotes
in your country? Do you think they are a good
choice? Why / Why not?
• Do you know of any other illustrations of different
foreign notes?
2 Work in groups. Imagine you are designing
new banknotes. For each of the categories
below, choose three illustrations. Explain
your choices.
• famous people
• buildings
• cultural images
MONEY
Unit 15 Money 133
1 Work in pairs. Check you understand the life in Freedonia. Laima is on holiday there and
situation in bold. Then think of one more Aidan works in a school. Find out:
consequence (good or bad) of each situation. 1 what the quality of Aidan’s life in Freedonia is like.
1 Our currency is very strong, so it’s cheap for us to 2 how well the economy is doing.
travel abroad. 3 why he wants to leave.
2 Our currency is really weak at the moment. It’s very
expensive to import things from abroad. 4 90Listen again and choose the words
you hear.
3 A lot of people can’t afford basic things because the
cost of living is very high. 1 The economy’s doing quite badly at the / in this
moment.
4 Inflation is currently quite low. Prices haven’t
changed much since last year. 2 I’m actually going back to Canada in / for a few
months.
5 There’s a lot of unemployment. Around 25% of the
working population don’t have a job. 3 Unemployment has gone up quite a lot over the last
few months / rest of the month.
6 Unemployment has fallen a lot over the past year,
so more people have work. 4 I could get paid a lot more back home / in Canada.
7 The average salary is about $35,000 a year there, 5 Eating out is twice / half the price in my country.
so I can earn more than here. 6 That’s true, but it used to be cheaper in / at the past.
2 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 7 Anyway, in / at the end, I miss my family and friends.
a How do the following things affect your quality of life? 8 I don’t mind the cold weather so much. You get used
to it after a time / while.
• job security • cost of living
• time off • climate 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
• pace of life • transport • From what you heard, do you think Aidan is making
• crime • family the right decision? Why? / Why not?
b Are there any other factors that you think are • Apart from family and friends, what would you miss if
important for a good quality of life? you lived abroad – or, if you are living abroad at the
moment, what do you miss?
c Which things do you think are most important? Why?
134
8 Work in groups. Discuss which of the sentences Student B: read the role card in File 11 on page 190.
in Exercise 7 are true for your country. Explain Talk about the economy and quality of life in that
your ideas. country.
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 184. 13 Now change roles.
Student A: read the role card in File 7 on page 189.
Student B: talk about your own country.
29 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM.
WILL POWER
Dad used to find bits of wood and turn them into toy boats and
dolls. Mum taught us to make and repair clothes, which we used
to do together at night. They had funny little sayings that they’d
repeat whenever we complained about things: ‘Money’s silver, but a
needle and thread is gold!’ ‘Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man
None of us had any idea what was going healthy, wealthy and wise’; ‘Never buy what you can borrow, never
to happen when we arrived at the lawyer’s throw away what you can repair.’ We used to laugh at them, and
office. Dad had died two months earlier in sometimes invented our own silly sayings: ‘A fool spends what the
his bed in the same two-bedroom house wise man saves’; ‘A glass of water is worth all the tea in China.’ We
where we’d grown up. Apart from the house, laughed, but having so little money was often annoying. I think we
we didn’t expect Dad to leave anything of were the only family in our school without a TV; we never drank
value. I mean, for years after my mum died, soft drinks, and sharing a room with two big sisters for sixteen years
he’d gone to a neighbour’s house to watch was difficult.
TV. I offered to buy him a TV once, but he So we walked into the lawyer’s office and sat down. We were
just said, ‘Never buy what you can borrow!’ serious, but not sad any more. Dad had had a good life. The lawyer
That was typical of him. I guess he liked his started reading; I was hardly paying attention, really, but then the
neighbour’s company as well. numbers seemed to continue without end. ‘Wait, I’m sorry,’ I said.
‘How much did you say he had?’ The lawyer smiled, ‘Yes, I imagine
My mum had never worked and Dad was an it does need repeating. Two million, seven hundred and eighty-one
insurance salesman. We assumed he wasn’t thousand, six hundred and fifty three pounds and eighteen pence.’
successful because we were never bought
toys and we wore second-hand clothes. We
just thought he couldn’t afford these things. “ We didn’t know what to say! Nearly three million pounds!
How? Why? We had so many questions, so many feelings.
”
136
1 When might you want to open a joint account? using the words below. Together, try to write
2 Can you think of three reasons why people might
them down. Then listen again and check.
take out a loan?
average currency joint owe
3 Can you think of three reasons why people might borrow election mortgage unemployment
make a complaint to a bank manager?
4 Why might someone decide to change their 14 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
PIN number? write collocations / phrases for the words in
5 Why might someone need to cancel their credit card? Exercise 13.
6 Why might someone need to cancel a cheque? the average salary, the average age, increase the
average
Unit 15 Money 139
Events
140
Speaking
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss
the questions.
• Where do you think it is?
• Who do you think the people are? What are they
doing? Why do you think they are dressed up like
this?
• Do you think it’s a fun or a serious event? Why?
• Would you either take part in or watch an event
like this? Why? / Why not?
2 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
• What events in your country mark something from
history? Do you know anything about that history?
• Which of the following do the events in your
country involve?
142
2 Work in pairs. How many of the words and 7 Choose the correct option.
phrases in bold in the fact file can you use to talk
about cities and countries you know? 1 The / A best day of my life was the / a day I got
married.
2 The / A day I will never forget is when I met President
READING Putin.
3 You are going to read an article from a series 3 I’ve never seen a / the whale in the wild, but I’d love to.
called Around the world in 300 words. Read the 4 I’d love to go to a / the United Sates and see a / the
introduction and discuss the questions in pairs. Grand Canyon one day.
1 Do you know anything about the country? What? 5 I’m glad to say, I’ve never broken a / the bone.
2 Why do you think people in the UK don’t know much 6 The / A left-wing party won the / a last election here.
about it? The / A party’s leader is quite young.
4 Read the rest of the article and answer the 8 Work in pairs. Take turns to say true sentences
questions. using the chunks in bold in Exercise 7.
1 How long have people lived in Kazakhstan?
For further practice, see Exercise 2 on page 185.
2 How has the Kazakh lifestyle changed?
3 When did the country finally become independent?
4 What’s the main industry?
Speaking
5 What’s the most interesting information for you? 9 Work in groups. Discuss what should go in
Around the world in 300 words for your country.
6 If you know about the country, is there anything Think about the following.
important that isn’t mentioned? Would you change
anything in the text? • What are the most important events?
• What places would you mention? Why?
• What would go under the headings Place to visit,
Big building, Special day and Firsts?
144
K AZAKHSTAN
Ask most people on the streets of the UK what they know about Kazakhstan and the only thing they can
say is ‘We played them at football.’ Ask where it is, and they may mention it’s near Russia, but that’s all. Yet
Kazakhstan is huge – the ninth largest country in the world and the size of Western Europe. We think it’s time
people got to know it better. Oh, and yes, it is near Russia – they share a border and it’s 6,846 kilometres long!
Population: 16.4 million Special day: 22nd March. Nauriz celebrates Spring,
friendship and unity. It was banned when the Soviets ruled.
Capital: Astana (changed from Almaty in 1997)
Firsts: Humans here were the first to ride and use horses.
Place to visit: The Charyn Canyon The oldest rocket launch site in the world is Baikonur
Cosmodrome. Russia rents the site for its
Big building: The Pyramid of Peace, Astana. The cultural space programme.
centre aims to bring together all the great religions.
146
Columbus and
the New World
1 Work in groups. Look at the monuments to 4 Choose the correct options to complete the
Christopher Columbus. Discuss these questions. sentences from the video.
• Which of the monuments do you like best / least? 1 When he was a young man, he decided studying / to
Why? study geography.
• Why do you think there are so many monuments 2 Columbus wanted finding / to find a sea route from
round the world to Columbus? Europe to Asia.
• Do you know any other places that have a Columbus 3 He now knew that the / an earth was round.
monument? Which people are there lots of 4 Columbus persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen
monuments to in your country? Why? Isabella of Spain giving / to give him money.
• How much do you know about the life of Christopher 5 After the / a month at sea, the sailors were very tired.
Columbus?
6 It was the / a small island in the / a Bahamas, probably
• How do you think each of the words below might be an / the island known today as San Salvador.
connected to his life?
7 People believed Columbus was the / a first European
spices a new continent parrots to reach America.
a new route Indians the high point 8 Columbus made 1492 one of the / a most important
three ships Native Americans disappointed years in world history.
a month gold the Vikings
5 Choose one of the following topics to talk about.
2 31Watch the video. Find out how the Spend a few minutes preparing what you want to
words in the box in Exercise 1 are connected to say. Then work in groups and share your ideas.
Columbus. Then work in pairs. Compare what • another famous journey – or famous explorer
you understood. • a historical figure who divides public opinion
3 31Watch the video again. Decide if the • good and bad reasons why 1492 is so important
sentences are true (T) or false (F). • a foreigner who’s had a big impact on your country
1 By the 1400s, everyone had realised the world • the advantages of studying geography or history
wasn’t flat – it was round.
2 Columbus wasn’t able to fund his voyage himself.
UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
3 Columbus and his sailors almost gave up hope of
finding land. 6 32Read and listen to this extract from the
4 Columbus first landed in the country that is now video said at natural pace and then slowed
known as El Salvador. down. To help you, groups of words are marked
with / and pauses are marked //. Stressed
5 Columbus was confused about where exactly he
sounds are in CAPITALS.
was.
6 He never returned to the Americas. HOWever / ONE THING is CERtain // on ocTOber
7 Columbus didn’t feel that his voyage had been a TWELFTH / FOURteen NINEty-TWO / the NEW WORLD /
success. AND the OLD / CHANged for ALL TIME
8 Columbus died less than a decade after he set foot 7 Now you have a go! Practise saying the extract
in the Americas.
at natural pace.
148
Review 8 149
150
Writing 151
M y friend Ana had persuaded me to climb the teacher was late too!
mountain near the town, but as we walked 4 I usually get really nervous before an exam, but
towards 1the mountain, I wondered if I could amazingly / unfortunately, this time I was very calm.
really climb 2the mountain. I’m very unfit and this was 5 Sadly / Stupidly, Mike and Cristina have decided to
the first time I’d done anything like this. get divorced. It’s a shame.
We started climbing and I was really sweating and 6 Stupidly / Fortunately, I left the keys in the car, and
finding 3the climbing hard, but Ana kept encouraging someone stole it!
me.
8 Look back at the description of the climb in
At midday, we stopped to have a sandwich, but I Exercise 6, and add at least three adverbs to
discovered that I’d left 4my sandwiches at home. show how the writer feels.
Luckily, Ana was happy to share 5her sandwiches with
me, and I had some sweets, so I shared 6the sweets 9 Work in pairs. Compare your ideas. Did you use
with 7Ana! the same adverbs in the same places?
After lunch, we continued to walk up and we finally
reached the top! I couldn’t believe 8we had finally PRACTICE
reached the top. From there we could see all the way
to the sea! 9Seeing all the way to the sea was beautiful. 10 You are going to write an email to a friend.
There were some other people up there too and they Choose one of the experiences below and think
asked me to take a photo of them, and then they took about the things that happened.
a lovely 10photo of Ana and me. That photo is on my • a particularly good or bad experience at a restaurant
wall now. It’s a day I’ll never forget! • a particularly good or bad experience on a day out
• something you achieved
11 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about what
VOCABULARY happened to you. Ask each other questions
to make sure you both understand the
events properly.
Adverbs of attitude 12 Write an email of about 150 words. Use as much
To show our feelings or opinions about something, we can language from this lesson as you can.
use a range of adverbs, e.g. unfortunately or luckily.
He took me to a very special fish restaurant, but
unfortunately, when we got there, it was very crowded.
I complained and, luckily, they changed it really quickly.
153
Writing
154
155
Writing
5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. It always feels very lively. People spend a lot of time
• Does the description make you want to visit Hanoi? outside, talking to neighbours, eating, studying or
Why? / Why not? just going around town. However, it can be a bit noisy
at times, because so many people ride around on
• In what ways is your home town / city similar to
Hanoi? motorcycles.
• In what ways is it different?
156
because and so
We use because and so to join two parts of a sentence.
Use because to talk about why something happens.
It can be a bit noisy at times, because so many people
ride around on motorcycles.
Use so to talk about the result of something.
The lake is polluted, so nobody swims there.
PRACTICE
6 Complete the first sentence in each pair with
a modifier. Use the information in the second 10 Choose your favourite town or city to write
sentence to help you. about. Spend five minutes thinking about what
the place is like. Write a list of the adjectives
1 The river’s polluted. It will take years to that you’d like to use.
clean.
2 The service at this restaurant is wonderful. 11 Work in pairs and discuss your ideas. Tell your
The people who work here are so helpful. partner why you chose each adjective.
3 The roads can be dangerous. You 12 Plan an article to describe your town / city.
sometimes have to drive quite carefully, especially Use the topics from Exercise 4, or choose other
after it rains.
topics. Then write your article. Try to use some
modifiers.
157
Writing
Hi Mum,
Well, here we are on our cruise. We get to a new port every two
days and go on guided tours and see all the sights – cathedrals,
ancient ruins, galleries, museums. It’s a very full schedule!
Life on the ship is great – discos, parties, dinner with the
captain (the food’s great), even movies and concerts!
Charlotte Jenkins,
Weather’s great, although the evenings are quite cool. Wish you
The Manor House,
were here.
Briardene,
Looking forward to telling you all about everything. (Have about
300 photos to show you!). Oxfordshire,
Lots of love, England OX6 4PC
Sara xxx
Hi Mike,
Greetings from paradise! Writing this from a ship somewhere
near Italy, although it might be Greece – everywhere looks the
same to me! Ruins, cathedrals, and crowded art galleries and
museums – non-stop sightseeing tours!
Despite trying hard to enjoy myself, I can’t say I’m having a good
time. What’s more, although it’s our honeymoon, we’re never alone
– there’s always a crowd of ‘friends’ with us. The best thing is the Mike Beardsley,
food – amazing! Unfortunately, I sometimes get seasick, despite 9 Shearer Way,
the good weather!
Toonton,
Can’t wait to get back!
County Durham,
Hope you’re well.
England
All the best,
Bruce
158
1 We had a great time, although it rained a lot. 9 Write your postcard. Use 100–120 words. Use as
We had a great time, . RAIN much language from this lesson as you can.
2 Despite the crowds, we enjoyed the concert.
, we enjoyed the concert. CROWDED
159
Writing
a
To: olga.williams@futuresforward.org
From: tom.petersen@futuresforward.org
Subject: Sales meeting in Oslo
Dear Olga,
I’m looking forward to seeing you at the Sales
Managers’ meeting in Oslo on Friday 13th July.
The meeting 1 at the Clarion Royal
Hotel.
Please find below the schedule for the day.
09.30–10.00
b All managers 2 in the hotel
lobby.
The meeting 3 with coffee and
a short welcome from Liv Applund,
International Sales Director.
10.00–12.30
We 4 to the conference room
on the first floor.
Each national manager then 5
a presentation on this year’s main
challenges and results.
Presentations 6 until
lunchtime.
c 12.30–13.30
Lunch in the hotel restaurant
13.30–15.00
We divide into small groups and
7
our brainstorming session.
Topic: sales strategy for the
coming year.
15.00–16.30
Groups 8 their ideas.
We then 9 on the presentations
until 16.30, when we 10
for coffee.
17.00–17.30
d The final session begins at 17.00,
when Liv Applund answers any questions
and concludes the meeting.
160
a to describe possible future events. After that, each national manager gives a presentation.
To show the point in time when something will finish, we
b to describe events that happen all the time or
use until.
regularly.
Presentations continue until lunchtime.
c to describe definite future events.
She’s in Britain until December.
4 Work in pairs. Compare your ideas. Then check
by reading the Grammar box.
6 Complete the sentences with then, after that
or until.
We can use the present simple to talk about things in the 1 The hotel restaurant doesn’t open six.
future that are timetabled or scheduled. 2 The presentations finish at one. , there’s
We break for coffee at 16.30. an hour break for lunch.
The train leaves at 4.45. 3 We start at ten with a brainstorming session, which
continues twelve.
What time does the meeting finish?
4 I have a meeting 12.45 but I’ll
call you back.
5 Complete the sentences with the present simple
form of the verbs. 5 I’m afraid you have to wait here the room
is ready.
1 When the next regional sales meeting?
(be) 6 The president gives her welcome speech at nine and
we divide into groups.
2 My flight at 13.30. (leave)
7 We don’t break for coffee 4.30, I’m afraid.
3 I in Oslo until two o’clock in the morning.
(not / land) 8 The restaurant is booked for one. We’ll probably
finish around 2.30 and maybe we can find
4 What time your train in Paris? a quiet place to discuss Asia.
(arrive)
5 We for lunch at one. (break)
PRACTICE
6 The lunch break from 1.30 to 2.45. (last)
7 You are going to write an email about a meeting
7 Remember – we until eleven tomorrow.
at work, school or college. Work in pairs. Write
(not / start)
a schedule for the meeting.
8 When the meeting ? (end)
8 Now work on your own. Write an email to the
people who are coming to the meeting. Use
the present simple to talk about timetabled /
scheduled events.
9 When you finish, check your work carefully and
give it to your partner. Check each other’s emails
and make any changes or corrections you think
are necessary.
Writing 161
162
163
Writing
To: Marketing@BLTLtd.com
To: Salma.Abad@ozmail.com From: BMarchant@ BLTLtd.com
From: Carlos66@ozmail.com Subject: Reception for Simone Lacroix
Subject: Housewarming!
Dear colleagues,
Hi Salma! You are invited to a reception to mark the
retirement of our business manager, Simone
How’re you? It’s been so long since we last talked! Lacroix.
What’s new with you? I’ve just moved into a new
flat in Bondi. It’s really great to live so near the The reception will take place in the main
beach. boardroom on the first floor at four o’clock on
Friday afternoon. Drinks and snacks will be
I’m having a housewarming party next Saturday. served.
I hope you can come. Bring your brother if you
like – he’s really funny! Unless it rains, we’ll have Simone has been with us for the last fifteen years
a barbecue in the garden! I’m going to make and has helped us through some difficult times.
some salads, and there’ll be drinks, but I’m I am sure you would like to join us in giving her
asking people to bring something to cook on the a proper goodbye as she returns to her native
barbecue, if that’s OK. France.
Send me an email and let me know if you can If you are able to attend, I would be grateful if
come. It’d be great to see you. you would respond to this email so that we can
confirm numbers.
Love,
Simone has asked if people could make a
Carlos donation to the charity Southern Cat Rescue
rather than give her a leaving present. If you wish
to donate, please contact Ken in Sales.
Yours,
Ben Marchant
Communications Director
164
PRACTICE
10 You are going to write two email invitations to
a reception or party. The first is an informal
invitation to something you are organising.
The second is an invitation to a formal event in
a school or company. Work in pairs. For each
invitation, think of:
• the reason for the reception / party.
• where it will be and when.
• if guests should bring anything.
• anything else special about it.
11 Student A: write the informal invitation.
Student B: write the formal invitation.
12 Check each other’s invitations. Discuss anything
you think should be written differently in each
invitation.
165
Writing
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
Exercise 1
Rewrite the sentences using passives.
They told me I couldn’t work in there.
I was told I couldn’t work in there.
1 You repeat the test a number of times
2 They send me junk emails all the time.
3 You usually make it with lamb, but you can use beef.
4 You could use Graphene in mobile phones.
5 They introduced new stricter limits on pollution last year.
6 They arrested two men after they found a bomb in their car.
180
182
Must / Mustn’t
14 STUFF must and have to
When must means something is essential, you can also use
RELATIVE CLAUSES have to. Must often sounds stronger than have to.
We use relative clauses to add information about nouns. The What goes up, has to / must come down.
relative clause usually comes immediately after the thing / If you have to / must have soft drinks, buy them in recyclable
person / place it describes. plastic bottles.
I have a friend who lives near there. It’s a book that upset a I have to / must go to the shops. I’ll be back in a bit.
lot of people when it came out. You can’t use have to when must means ‘I imagine this is
Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun. definitely true’.
For things, we use that / which. The packaging is biodegradable, so they have to must be OK.
For people, we use that / who. You must be tired after your journey.
For places, we use where. It must be a horrible job collecting rubbish, but I suppose
someone has to / must do it.
Exercise 1
Choose the correct option. mustn’t and don’t have to
1 That’s the woman which / who / where lives upstairs from me. Mustn’t and don’t have to mean different things. Mustn’t means
it’s essential not to do something. Don’t have to means it
2 It’s one thing that / who / where just really annoys me.
doesn’t matter if we do it or not – it’s not necessary.
3 That’s the shop which / that / where I bought my shoes.
People don’t have to mustn’t leave rubbish outside without a
4 He’s the guy which / who / where owns the whole factory. sticker on the bag.
5 English is the subject which / who / where I enjoy most. I mustn’t be late. My teacher’s already unhappy with me.
6 That’s the room that / who / where you get your lunch. I’m going to get up late tomorrow as I don’t have to go to
work.
DID YOU KNOW?
The relative pronoun replaces the noun / pronoun it refers to in Exercise 1
the relative clause. Don’t write both! Choose all the correct options.
The Boredoms are a group. The Boredoms are from Japan.
1 I must / have to rush. I’m late for class.
They have released about ten albums.
2 Oh, I must / mustn’t remember to go to the cash machine
The Boredoms are a group that The Boredoms are from Japan
and who they have released about ten albums. 3 We don’t have to / mustn’t forget to get your number before
you go.
I spoke to a woman. The woman was the manager.
4 I don’t have / mustn’t to be back at any particular time.
The woman who I spoke to her was the manager.
5 He must / has to be very pleased that he’s finally found a
You see that place. I used to work there.
job.
That’s the place where I used to work there.
6 I guess I’ll do the shopping, if I really must / have to, but I’d
rather not.
7 A: I’ve already been waiting for over an hour.
B: You must / have to be really fed up.
Exercise 2
Write sentences using the prompts below.
1 The prime minister / lose popularity / in the last year.
2 I / spend a lot more money / in the past.
3 I / get a loan from the bank / the other month.
4 The recession / get worse / at the moment.
5 They / invest more in schools / over the next five years.
6 He / lose his job / three years ago.
184
JOCHEM KRISTIN
It was my son’s thirteenth birthday a few weeks ago. I My car had a problem so I ordered
decided to buy him a laptop. I looked at lots of different sites a new part online so I could repair
and did my research. In the end, I found a great one in a sale. it. The part was out of stock and
It was £225 – reduced from £300. I paid online and a few the company needed to get it from
days later, it arrived. I didn’t want my son to see it, so I put it somewhere else – but they forgot to tell me,
in my bedroom. On his birthday, I gave him his present. He so I waited and waited. After three weeks and
was so happy! He opened the box in a rush – and dropped maybe ten phone calls, it finally arrived. My
the laptop on the floor! Of course, it was so badly damaged it car is now fine, but the service was terrible,
didn’t work anymore! so I don’t recommend that website.
FILE 2
Unit 3 page 27 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student A
You want to go to the following places. Ask for
directions and mark the places on your map.
• the big department store
• a bank
• the football ground
• the town hall
• the station
186
Student A Student A
You are the host. Either draw a plan of your own Your parents’ friends are going to Canada on holiday.
home or use your imagination and invent one. Think There will be two adults and two children – aged
about what you’ll say in the conversation, including fourteen and nine. They have seen an advert for
one or two comments you’ll make about some of the four-bed apartments connected to a hotel. They are
rooms or the other people you live with. Also, think of interested in going skiing in a place nearby and the
some offers you’ll make. adults want to spend some free time on their own.
Start the conversation by welcoming your guest like Ring the hotel in Canada and ask for information.
this:
(name of your guest)! Come in. Come in. How was
your journey?
FILE 5
Unit 11 page 99 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student A
1
The police caught some terrorists with nuclear Ask:
material. The police don’t know where it came Did you see the news about those
from. It’s not clear what they planned to do with it. terrorists with the nuclear material?
2
They’re going to build a new zoo in a city near Ask:
you. It’s going to cost around $3 billion. Did you hear about the zoo that they’re
going to build in … (say the place)?
3
It’s going to snow at the beginning of the weekend Ask:
and then it’s going to be cold and sunny. Did you see the forecast for the
weekend?
Student B
You want to go to the following places. Ask for
directions and mark the places on your map.
• a bookshop
• the post office
• the police station
• the museum
• the ABC cinema
188
Student A Student A
You are from a country called Remonesia, which is
somewhere in South East Asia.
• Invent exactly where it is.
• Decide what the quality of life is like there and
give one or two reasons for this.
• Decide how the economy is doing and give one or
two examples.
• Say you are thinking of moving. Explain why.
FILE 8
Unit 12 page 107 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student A Student B
Student B Student B
You are the guest. Think about what you’ll say in the You are from a country called Lidland, which is
conversation. In particular, decide: somewhere in northern Europe.
• how to describe your journey to the house / • Invent exactly where it is.
apartment. • Decide what the quality of life is like there and
• what you’ll give your host and why. give one or two reasons for this.
• two or three requests you’ll make. • Decide how the economy is doing and give one or
Then have a conversation with your partner. They two examples.
will start. • Say you are thinking of moving. Explain why.
FILE 12
Unit 10 page 89 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student B
You have friends who have found a hostel 20km
from Edinburgh in Scotland. They want to stay for
four days and go to the arts festival in the city. They
also want to go on a day trip round the Scottish
countryside. They are students and don’t want to
spend too much money.
FILE 13
Unit 7 page 64 READING
Student B
YOHANNES ELSIE
Until last year, I lived with my parents in the capital of Eritrea, My husband died three years ago after 50 years of
Asmara, but here everyone under the age of 50 has to do happy marriage and I decided that I didn’t want
military service, so now I’m living in a big base out in the to stay in our old house. It contained too many
desert. Luckily, we’re not at war with anyone at the moment, memories. I think it’s one of the best decisions I’ve
so I don’t have to fight. Mainly, we work on construction ever made. I’m now living in an old people’s home on
projects: helping to build roads and airports and factories and the south coast of England. I know they don’t have a
so on. I’m paid about $30 a month and I try to send most very good reputation, but my family looked at lots of
of that to my parents as I don’t have to buy much for myself places and chose very well.
here. Still, I worry about my parents because I was supporting I have my own room, which is very important, and
them more before. I don’t have to do anything I don’t want to. If I want
Officially, we have to do eighteen months in the army, but to spend the whole day in bed reading, I can. Having
some people have been here much longer. Actually, some said that, the home often organises nice trips out, and
of my friends decided to leave the country to avoid all this. of course I go and visit my family regularly. The staff
I understand them, but personally I hope I can help my here are wonderful: they’re always polite and they
country develop – and then go home to help my family again! treat us with respect. They look after us really well.
190
Student B
1
They have found a cure for the flu. It’s a new drug Ask:
that deals with 90% of all cases. It could save Did you hear about the new cure
thousands of lives. for the flu?
2
There’s going to be a storm this weekend. It’s Ask:
going to rain a lot and be very windy. Did you see the weather forecast
for the weekend?
3
The right whale is almost extinct. There are only Ask:
around 500 left in the wild. Scientists don’t know if Did you see the article about the
there are enough to survive. right whale?
FILE 15 FILE 16
Unit 11 page 101 Grammar Unit 14 page 125 CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Student B
2
Fishermen found a pet dog on a desert island. The dog
had disappeared when its owner was travelling on a
cruise. The dog had fallen into the sea and had swum
to the island. Fishermen who sail near the island found
the dog several weeks later. It had survived by eating
small animals.
3
A pet rabbit saved his elderly owners. The couple
hadn’t turned off the gas on their cooker properly and
the house was filling with gas. The rabbit detected the
smell, ran up the stairs and woke his owners, who
were sleeping.
192
UNIT 2 8
9
decided
looked
10 returned
TRACK 6
11 wanted
K = Keira, C = Claire, D = Dan 12 opened
K: Did you have a nice weekend?
C: Yeah, it was good. TRACK 10
K: What did you do? 1
C: Oh, nothing much. I went for a walk with some friends round A: Is that all you have?
Sutton Park yesterday.
B: Yeah, it is.
K: Oh, nice. It was a lovely clear day.
A: Well, do you want to go first?
C: Yeah. It was a bit cold, but it was great. I was taking photos
B: Are you sure?
with my new camera.
A: Yes, of course. I have a lot to get.
K: That one? Let’s have a look. Wow! That’s really neat. Where
did you get it? B: Great. Thanks.
C: In Jessops in town. I’m really pleased with it. It’s really good 2
quality and it’s got quite a few different functions. C: Would you like it wrapped?
K: Really? Is it complicated to use? D: Um … what’s the paper like?
C: No, not really. There are a few things I don’t know yet, but C: It’s this green paper.
it’s OK. D: Hmm, it’s a bit plain. Do you have anything a bit prettier? It’s
K: Yeah. Well, the pictures look good and it’s nice and light as a special present.
well. C: Well, there’s quite a big selection in the stationery
C: Hmm, yeah. It’s cool, isn’t it? Anyway, what about you two? department. Do you want to choose something and bring it
Did you do anything? here and I’ll wrap it for you?
D: Yeah, we went shopping. D: Really? You don’t mind?
C: Oh, OK. Did you buy anything nice? C: Of course not.
K: Well, I got these earrings. D: Thanks.
B: They’re lovely! They look quite old.
3
K: Yeah, they are. I got them in a second-hand shop near here.
E: Yes Sir. How can I help you?
They’ve got all kinds of things there – books, CDs, clothes.
Dan got that jacket there. F: I bought this the other day and it’s damaged. When I got
it home and took it out of the box, I found the button was
C: Really? I love it. It looks really nice and warm.
loose and it’s damaged here. Look, you see?
D: Yeah, it is. It’s pure wool and it’s nice and thick. And it only
E: Are you sure you didn’t drop it or anything?
cost fifteen pounds.
F: No, of course not!
C: You’re joking! That’s fantastic. It really suits you as well. It’s a
great style and colour!
194
UNIT 4 W:
C1:
Would you like a high chair for the little girl?
That’d be great. Thanks. He’s actually a boy, though!
W: Oh, I’m so sorry! Anyway, here are your menus. I’ll get the
TRACK 19 chair.
S = Sarah, V = Victor 3
S: So Victor. Are you hungry? W: Are you ready to order?
V: Yeah, a bit. C1: Not quite. Could you just give us two more minutes?
S: Do you want to get something to eat? W: Yes, of course.
V: I’d love to, yeah. Where are you thinking of going? …
S: Well, there’s a really nice Thai place just down the road. C2: Right. OK. Could I have the grilled squid for starters,
Have you ever been there? please? And for my main course, I think I’ll have the
V: Yeah, I go there a lot. I actually went there yesterday. chicken.
S: Oh right. So maybe you don’t want to go there again today. W: Uh-huh, and what kind of potatoes would you like?
V: I’d rather not, If you don’t mind. And I actually don’t really C2: Roast potatoes, please.
feel like anything very spicy today. W: OK.
S: OK. No problem. I’m happy to go somewhere else. C1: I’ll go for the aubergines stuffed with rice for my main
V: There’s a nice seafood restaurant near the big department course, please. And the soup of the day? Does it contain
store. How about that? any meat? I’m vegetarian.
S: To be honest, I don’t really like seafood. I prefer meat. W: Yes. I’m afraid it’s got lamb in it.
V: Well, why don’t we go to Selale instead. Have you been C1: Oh, OK. Well, I’ll just have the tomato and avocado salad,
there? then. And could we get some water as well?
196
TRACK 34
UNIT 7
Sophie: Yeah, the wedding business, it’s OK. I guess it’s nice TRACK 39
to do things together as a family. It means we’re pretty close,
1
I guess, and of course, we have nice things from the success,
but it is work and Mum can be quite strict sometimes. My A: Where are you from?
mum sometimes says things like ‘When you take over the B: Italy.
business, blah, blah, blah’ or ‘When I retire, you need to know A: Oh nice! Which part?
blah, blah, blah’, but I actually don’t want to run the business – B: Treviso.
none of us do! Well, I guess Ben might, but he’s only six. I A: Oh. Where’s that?
want to make a difference in the world. I want to become a B: It’s a small city in the north-east. It’s about 40 kilometres
scientist. Discover things. from Venice. So, say that’s Venice, OK? Well, Treviso is just
Jerome: Did she say I wasn’t interested? I suppose I’ve never here – to the north.
really said anything to her when we’ve talked, because she A: Oh, OK. So what’s it like?
gets so, kind of, angry about it. It’s easier just to agree. She’s B: It’s great. The centre‘s very old with some beautiful old
like my mum. They’re very strong characters. Neither of them buildings, but the city’s also quite modern. You know
take no for an answer. Me and Dad, we’re more the calm, quiet Benetton? The clothes?
types. Anyway, I love the business. I like the fashion and design
A: Yes.
aspect, but also you meet people, you make this amazing
special day for them. It’s so happy and romantic. And you can B: Well, Benetton’s based in Treviso.
make money from it. What’s not to like? Of course I’d like to run A: Oh wow! OK. So where do you live? In the centre?
the company. B: Not exactly, but everything is quite near. It’s small – only
eighty thousand people. And it’s easy to get round. I live
near the river and you can walk along the banks, which is
nice. There’s a nice park too.
198
200
UNIT 10
A: Take some water in your mouth, but don’t drink it.
B: Mmm.
A: Now put your fingers in your ears. Bend down and put your
head between your knees and swallow the water slowly. TRACK 58
B: Mmmm? R = receptionist, D = David
A: Swallow the water! R: Hillborough Hotel.
B: Mmm. D: Oh, hello. I’m ringing on behalf of a friend. He wants some
A: OK. You can breathe now. Have you still got them? information.
B: Um, no. No, I don’t think so. R: Sure. What would you like to know?
A: You see. It works every time. D: Um, well, do you have any triple rooms?
B: Maybe, but I wouldn’t want to do it in public! People would R: I’m afraid not. We only have doubles.
think I was mad! D: Oh, right. Is it possible to get a double with an extra bed?
2 They have a small kid.
C: Yes. Can I help you? R: That should be possible.
D: Yes, I would like something for a bad stomach, please. D: And how much would that be per night?
C: Does it hurt or have you been sick? R: For the room, that’s 110 euros per night, with a supplement
for a child’s bed.
D: Not sick. It’s more gas. It’s uncomfortable.
D: Sorry. Does that include the cost of the extra bed or not?
C: OK. It sounds like indigestion. It’s after you eat, right?
R: It does include it, yes.
D: Yes.
D: And breakfast is included too?
C: And you’re going to the toilet normally? No diarrhoea?
R: I’m afraid not. It’s 125 with breakfast. What dates are they
D: Diarrhoea? No.
thinking of coming?
C: OK, so I think these are what you need. They’re indigestion
D: Um, Tuesday the twelfth to the seventeenth of August.
tablets. You mix them with water and drink them after your
meals. They’re the most effective, I think. R: OK. Let me just check our availability. Hmm, I’m afraid
we’re fully booked that weekend on the sixteenth and
D: OK.
seventeenth.
C: What flavour would you like? Orange or blackcurrant?
D: And what if they came the previous weekend?
D: Oh, orange.
R: Saturday night no, but from Sunday through to Friday we
C: That’ll be 4.25. Don’t take more than four tablets a day –
currently have rooms available.
and if they don’t deal with the problem, consult your doctor.
D: So that’s the tenth till the fifteenth – including Friday night?
D: OK. Thanks. I will.
R: That’s correct.
3 D: OK. I’ll need to check with them about that. And just a
E: The burn’s not too bad. We’ll give you some cream for it, but couple of other things.
you’ll need some stitches in that cut. It’s quite deep. What R: Sure.
happened? D: They’re thinking of hiring a car. Can they get any reduced
F: Well, I cut my head dancing with my son. rates if they book through the hotel?
E: I’m sorry? R: They can, actually. We have a partnership with a local hire
F: I was dancing with my five-year-old son and I stepped on firm. The cost starts at 25 euros a day.
one of his toys and I fell and hit my head on the side of the D: OK. Great. Do you have parking at the hotel?
table. R: There is a car park, which is 20 euros a day, and there is
E: Oh dear. What about the burn, then? some street parking nearby.
F: Well, my wife came in when she heard me shout and while D: Right. OK. Well, I think they’re travelling around Ireland after
she was helping me stand up, she knocked a cup of coffee Dublin, so maybe they could hire the car later in the week.
off the table and it went all over my leg. R: Of course, whatever suits them.
E: Oh dear. I am sorry. I shouldn’t laugh! D: OK. Let me just talk to my friends. Could you tell me your
name for when I call back?
202
204
UNIT 13 2
I’ve been playing the trumpet for ten years now with El Sistema,
TRACK 78 which is a programme that helps young people from poor
A: What a boring lecture! backgrounds learn classical music. I really, really love playing,
and without El Sistema I would probably be in a bad situation!
B: I know. It wasn’t very good. I was starting to fall asleep near
When I joined, I was only eight, but I was already in trouble with
the end!
the police. My favourite composers are Russian – Shostakovich
A: So what are you doing this afternoon? Have you got any and Stravinsky. We’ve been rehearsing The Rite of Spring
plans? recently for a concert. It’s fantastic – the best.
B: Yeah, I’m thinking of going to see a movie and … um … listen,
would you like to come with me? 3
A: Maybe. What’s on? My favourite author is the Swedish crime writer Henning
B: Well, there’s this film called In the Heat of the Moment – Mankell, especially his stories with the detective Wallander. The
directed by Umberto Collocini. It’s supposed to be really stories are good thrillers. They’re unpredictable, but they’re
good. also about social issues and are a bit political which makes
them extra interesting. For the last few weeks, they’ve been
A: Yeah, I’ve seen it already, actually. I saw it the other day.
showing a series on TV based on the books. It’s OK, but the
B: Oh yes? What was it like? main character is different to the character in my imagination
A: Not bad, but not as good as everyone is saying. The and, of course, there’s less suspense because I’ve already read
costumes were great and it’s set on an island in Thailand, so the books! I don’t know if I’ll keep watching.
it looks amazing.
B: Yeah, that’s what I’d heard. So what was wrong with it? 4
A: Oh, I don’t know. I just found it a bit too slow. I got a bit I’m at art school, where I’m studying Fine Art. I’ve known I
bored with it after a while – and the ending was very wanted to be an artist since I was three. I’ve always been more
predictable. of a painter, especially people – portraits, but recently I’ve
become much more interested in sculpture. I think my favourite
B: Oh, right.
artist at the moment is an English sculptor called Henry Moore.
A: And that Scottish actor’s in it as well. You know. What’s his
He did these beautiful, strange, abstract sculptures – often
name?
based on human figures. I saw an exhibition of his work last
B: Bryan McFletcher? year. I don’t know why I liked it so much, I just did – especially a
A: Yeah, that’s him. I just find him really, really annoying. He sculpture called King and Queen.
can’t act! Anyway, what else is on?
B: Um … let me see. Oh, there’s The Cottage.
A: Yeah? What’s that?
B: It’s a new horror movie. It’s supposed to be really scary.
A: OK. To be honest, I don’t really like horror movies. I’d rather
see something a bit lighter, if possible.
206
UNIT 14 the present. I was really excited! It’s my favourite ever gift
because, as I said, it’s something we do together.
2 I got a mountain bike for Christmas a few years ago and it’s
TRACK 84 been one of the most useful presents ever. Over the last
A: It’s nice. year, I’ve lived close enough to work to be able to cycle and
B: Yes, it is, but it’s also very dirty! so I’ve saved loads of money on petrol. A birthday present
C: I know. We’ll have to give everything a good clean and sort that also saves me money! Excellent. I’m also fitter and have
the place out. Maybe we should go into town and buy some lost weight.
stuff. 3 One of my ex-boyfriends was the king of bad presents. One
A: Yeah, it’s a good idea. One minute. I’ll get a pen and we can year, he gave me an iron for my birthday! An iron! I mean,
write a list. OK. So … . what kind of message does that send about our relationship
B: Well, we need those things for cleaning. A brush and a … and the way that he saw me? The following year, he bought
I don’t know the name. The thing that you put rubbish in. me a dress that HE really liked and told me that he wanted
What’s the name? me to start wearing more clothes like that from then on –
because they would make me more attractive. I couldn’t
C: Do you mean a rubbish bin?
believe it! A couple of weeks after that, we broke up!
B: No, not that. When you use the brush, what do you call the
4 A few years ago, I went out with a girl and as we were
thing that you use to get rubbish from the floor? The thing
getting out of the taxi to go to dinner, she suddenly said, ‘I
that you put the dirt into with the brush?
got you a present.’ I was quite embarrassed because it was
C: Oh, you mean a dustpan. A dustpan and brush. our first date and I hadn’t thought of getting her anything.
B: A dustpan and brush. Yes, that’s very useful. Then she handed me a rock from a beach. I was confused.
C: And maybe we should get some cleaning stuff as well. Have Why had she given me this thing? She said, ‘I wanted to
we got any bleach? give you something you’d never forget and you could tell
A: What is bleach? your children about’. I said thanks to be polite, but I actually
C: Oh, it’s a kind of liquid that’s really good for cleaning things, thought it was a bit stupid and it was a bad start to the
you know, like for cleaning the floor and the toilet. It’s a kind evening!
of chemical. It’s quite strong. Now, though, I use that rock to stop papers on my desk
A: Oh, we have some. It’s in the kitchen – in the cupboard blowing away and that girl is my wife!
under the sink.
C: Oh, OK. I didn’t notice that, but that’s good. TRACK 87
B: We need to buy that machine that you use for the clothes. /e/, /ə/, /ɔ:/, /ɜ:/, /be/, /bɜ:/, /pre/, /pɔ:/, /zənt/, /zɜ:rv/, /drɔ:/, /tɔ:/
After you wash them. I can’t remember the name. Oh, and I
know this word as well. TRACK 88
A: You mean an iron? 1 I burnt my hand on the cooker.
B: Yes, an iron! And also the thing that you put the clothes on 2 We found some money buried in the garden
when you use the iron. 3 You mustn’t pour chemicals down the sink.
C: Yeah, an ironing board. OK. What else? 4 There’s a torch in the drawer over there.
A: Oh, for the bathroom we need a thing for the shower. You 5 There are strict laws to protect the environment.
know, the plastic thing that stops the water from leaving the 6 I didn’t get any birthday presents this year.
shower – and the metal thing that holds it. 7 The old church is perfectly preserved.
C: A shower curtain and a shower rail. Yeah, I noticed there 8 Where do you store all your food?
wasn’t anything like that in the bathroom. It’s crazy, isn’t it?
Why doesn’t the landlord provide things like that? It’s so basic.
208
TRACK 99
/ɡraʊ/, /klɪə/, /skrɪ/, /stæ/, /blɪ/, /fre/, /pre/, /spaɪ/, /trə/, /aʊnd/,
/end/, /əsts/
TRACK 100
1 They played some nice background music.
2 The DJ almost cleared the dance floor.
3 Women still face a lot of discrimination in the workplace.
4 A new government was established after the war.
5 On my birthday, I had some friends round for dinner.
6 The organisation of the whole event was very impressive.
7 I cooked my special spicy chicken dish.
8 You should try the traditional breakfasts here.
TRACK 101
1 To be honest, I avoid talking to him if I can help it.
2 I guess it’ll take some time before I get used to it.
3 He’s a computer programmer based in the States.
4 I’m going to go back as soon as I save enough money.
5 He always promises to help, but then he fails to keep all
his promises.
6 I’m currently living at home, but I’m planning to leave after
I graduate.
210
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CREDITS
Although every effort has been made to contact copyright holders before publication, this has not always been possible. If contacted,
the publisher will undertake to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity.
Illustrations: 26 Gary Venn (Lemonade Illustration); 28–29, 125 Phil Hackett; 48 Richard Merritt; 63 Daniel Gray; 80, 124, 189, 191 KJA Artists;
160 Mark Draisey.
Acknowledgements
The publisher and authors would like to thank the following teachers who provided the feedback and user insights on the first edition of Outcomes that
have helped us develop this new edition:
Rosetta d’Agostino, New English Teaching, Milan, Italy; Victor Manuel Alarcón, EOI Badalona, Badalona, Spain; Isidro Almendarez, Universidad
Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Isabel Andrés, EOI Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain; Brian Brennan, International House Company Training, Barcelona, Spain;
Nara Carlini, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy; Karen Corne, UK; Jordi Dalmau, EOI Reus, Reus, Spain; Matthew Ellman, British Council, Malaysia; Clara
Espelt, EOI Maresme, Barcelona, Spain; Abigail Fulbrook, Chiba, Japan; Dylan Gates, Granada, Spain; Blanca Gozalo, EOI Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain;
James Grant, Japan; Joanna Faith Habershon, St Giles Schools of Languages London Central, UK; Jeanine Hack; English Language Coach.com, London,
UK; Claire Hart, Germany; David Hicks, Languages4Life, Barcelona, Spain; Hilary Irving, Central School of English, London, UK; Jessica Jacobs, Università
Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milan, Italy; Lucia Luciani, Centro di Formaziones Casati, Milan, Italy; Izabela Michalak, ELC, Łódź, Poland; Josep Millanes
Moya, FIAC Escola d’Idiomes, Terrassa, Catalonia; Rodrigo Alonso Páramo, EOI Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain; Jonathan Parish, Uxbridge College, London,
UK; Mercè Falcó Pegueroles, EOI Tortosa, Tortosa, Spain; Hugh Podmore, St Giles Schools of Languages London Central, UK; James Rock, Università
Cattolica, Milan, Italy; Virginia Ron, EOI Rivas, Madrid, Spain; Coletto Russo, British Institutes, Milan, Italy; Ana Salvador, EOI Fuenlabrada, Madrid,
Spain; Adam Scott, St Giles College, Brighton, UK; Olga Smolenskaya, Russia; Carla Stroulger, American Language Academy, Madrid, Spain; Simon
Thomas, St Giles, UK; Simon Thorley, British Council, Madrid, Spain; Helen Tooke, Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milan, Italy; Chloe Turner, St
Giles Schools of Languages London Central, UK; Sheila Vine, University of Paderborn, Germany; Richard Willmsen, British Study Centres, London, UK;
Various teachers at English Studio Academic management, UK.
Authors’ acknowledgements
Thanks to Karen Spiller and Clare Shaw, and to Dennis Hogan, John McHugh and Gavin McLean for their continued support and enthusiasm.
Thanks also to all the students we’ve taught over the years for providing more inspiration and insight than they ever realised.
And to the colleagues we’ve taught alongside for their friendship, thoughts and assistance.
7 1 ’m … advising
2 ’m doing, I’m teaching
3 ’m organising
4 ’re negotiating
5 ’m … doing
6 ’m working on
7 ’m installing
8 ’m attending, ’m giving
8 Possible answers
1 teach (somebody) how to cook / how
to drive
2 organise a conference / a meeting
3 do research on a new drug / the
causes of something
4 install software / a new bathroom
5 give a talk on a new product / on their
research
Unit 2
5 You can buy second-hand things in charity
Opener (page 15) shops, jumble sales, markets, car boot
1 Possible answers sales and online through websites that
Work with your students’ answers. The specialise in second-hand goods. Buying
photo shows a shop assistant in an old- electronic goods (computers, etc.) second-
fashioned clothes shop serving a young, hand may be a bad idea because you don’t
teenage customer who is being measured know if they will work and often they are
for a suit or jacket. The young boy seems out of date.
to be feeling nervous and is trying to be Many people buy second-hand cars
serious. His mother looks amused but because new ones are very expensive.
proud. Kids grow out of clothes quickly, so buying
Things they might say: Can I help you? You second-hand clothes is a popular option,
look good / smart. Is this the right size? but some people don’t like the idea of
Does it fit / suit me? Do you have this wearing clothes that once belonged to
jacket in another colour? other people.
You can see the following in the photo: Books are commonly sold second-hand.
suit, shoes, shirt, trainers, jeans (on shelves
in the background). 6 1 -ed 3 did 5 weren’t
2 go, get 4 didn’t
Where did you get it? (pages 16-17)
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
1 1 quality, lasted 1 1 did you do 2 stayed 3 spent
2 thick, keep 2 1 Did you get 2 bought 3 did they have
3 fit, uncomfortable 4 were
4 complicated, follow 3 1 Did you have 4 did you go 7 paid
5 comfortable, lie 2 was 5 Was it 8 didn't say
6 wear, smart 3 went 6 told 9 was
7 suit, dark
8 light, carry 8 Possible answers
9 designed, unique 1 Did you have anything nice?
Where did you go?
2 Possible answers 2 How old were you?
1 leather / wool; other materials: cotton, Did you do anything to celebrate?
silk 3 Where(abouts) did you go exactly?
2 because you got fatter / grew taller / it When did you get back?
got smaller in the wash (shrank) 4 What did you do before?
Give it to someone / throw it away / sell Why did you leave?
it on eBay 5 Did they win?
3 shoes / a table or other furniture / a How much were the tickets?
meeting or film
4 a woolly hat / a thick coat / a cup of tea 10 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar
/ hot food, keep you cool reference
5 bright / light colours 1 I didn’t see anything
6 gold / silver (metal) 2 Where did you get them?
7 for work / for an interview / for a 3 What did he say?
wedding 4 (correct)
8 because it has lots of buttons / lots of 5 and I did too
functions / long instructions 6 I broke a glass
7 after we left
4 1 a new camera (good quality / lots of 8 Why weren’t you
functions but not too complicated / 9 neither did I.
light) 10 when I took it out
2 earrings (old / second hand)
3 a jacket (second hand / warm / thick / 12 1 I love your ring. Where did you get it?
wool / only £15) 2 That’s a great bag. Is it new?
3 Hey, cool phone! How long have you 3 Adam’s wife took him to a concert for his
had it? birthday. It was great.
4 I love your shirt. It’s a really nice design. 4 Adam’s wife went to bed, and he went on
5 I like your boots. They look really online.
comfortable. 5 Jochem looked at lots of different websites
6 That’s a lovely jacket. It really suits you. before he bought his son the laptop.
6 Jochem’s son opened the box in a rush and
I bought it online (pages 18-19) dropped the laptop.
7 Kristin needed a new part for her car, so
2 1B 3G 5G 7B/G 9G she ordered one online.
2G 4B 6B 8B 10 B 8 The company Kristin ordered the car part
from forgot to tell her it was out of stock.
5 Sandra
1 shoes Can I help you (pages 20-21)
2 It’s hard to find shoes in her size.
3 They were the wrong colour and too 1 Possible answers
small. 1 it’s broken / it doesn’t fit / you decided
4 She returned them and got her money you don’t like it
back. 2 to show them where something is / to
Adam help them carry something / to help
1 guitar them get something from a high shelf
2 Because he saw a band / a concert 3 it has long queues / things are out of
inspired him. stock / assistants are rude
3 He bid £1,000 instead of 100 and he 4 Where’s X? / Do you have this in a
had to pay £750 / his wife was angry. bigger size? / Can you wrap it?
4 He’s having lessons. 5 Are you paying by cash or credit card? /
Jochem Do you want a bag? / Would you like it
1 laptop wrapped?
2 It was a birthday present for his son.
3 His son dropped the laptop, it was badly 2 Conversation 1: b – They let the other
damaged / didn’t work. person go first in the queue.
4 (We don’t know.) Conversation 2: e – Would you like it
Kristin wrapped?
1 a part for her car Conversation 3: a – It was damaged (a
2 Because her car had a problem. button was loose).
3 It was out of stock, they needed to Conversation 4: c – There was no-one to
order it and she had to wait three serve them. / They had to wait a long time.
weeks. Conversation 5: d – Do you have it in a
4 She finally got the part. smaller size?
2 Possible answers 1
Ways of travelling: on foot, by bike, by car, 1c 3e 5d 7f 9h
by bus, by tram, by train, by taxi, by coach, 2b 4g 6I 8a
by plane, on the underground
2 Possible answers
We’re lost (pages 26-27) The writer is someone who travels a lot.
Maybe they work for an international
1 company, or have family abroad or like
1 a playground travelling. Maybe they work for an airline.
2 a town hall It’s an older person (several years since I
3 a church last missed a flight). He / she is
4 a police station disorganised (missed 15 flights). They
5 traffic lights might be rich (can afford to miss flights!).
6 a bridge
7 a subway 4
8 a roundabout 1e 2b 3f 4a 5c 6d
9 a monument
10 a crossroads 5
11 a crossing 1 When he got a tablet, he could read, watch films, etc.
12 a sports ground (maybe didn’t have time for this normally).
2 Probably it was expensive and he didn’t realise the
2 bus would take so long.
1 playground 5 bridge 3 It was very early and he was tired and didn’t
2 monument 6 police station set his alarm. No-one woke him. (Airlines often
3 town hall 7 sports ground don’t call if you only have hand luggage and have
4 roundabout 8 traffic lights checked in online, which the author does.)
4 He didn’t realise the airport was so big (and
4 maybe the ticket was cheaper). Perhaps he didn't
1 A museum want to have to wait a long time for a connection.
2 Conversation 1: They don’t listen / 5 He normally goes to that particular
remember the information they were airport and he didn’t check his ticket
given. carefully enough.
Conversation 2: The woman doesn’t 6 He arrived so early that the boarding
understand English / they have the gate wasn’t listed on the departures
wrong bus stop. board.
6 Complete chaos (pages 30-31)
1 got, woke up, heard
2 were doing, was walking away, was 1
reading 1 taxi
The past continuous is formed with was 2 coach
/ were + verb -ing. 3 plane
3 a doing repairs 4 van
b walking away 5 bike
c reading 6 car
4 a got to the station 7 train
b woke up 8 truck
c heard the last call 9 underground
10 motorbike
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
1 got on 4
2 bought There are eight items of news, two of them
3 was still packing are good news.
4 met
5 was driving 5
6 were you going, saw 1 ring their airline
2 check their airline’s website
7 3 both lanes closed (truck lost its load of
1 was going, searched fruit onto the road)
2 started, didn’t stop 4 avoid the area
3 wasn’t looking, walked, was anyone 5 repair work
watching 6 use the replacement bus service
4 turned round, was walking 7 station is closed
8 go on foot or take public transport
8
1 I was going to work the other day … 6
2 The other day, I was coming home … 1 in
3 He was driving along the motorway … 2 in
4 She wasn’t looking where she was going 3 in
… 4 on, between
5 It was late and we were trying to get to 5 on
sleep … 6 at
7 on
9 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
1 7 Possible answers
1 went 1 a strike, bad weather, problems with
2 offered the aircraft
3 decided 2 an accident, a mechanical problem,
4 I was having shortage of staff or trains, other delays
5 walked on the network
6 sat 3 flooding, fire, structural problems,
2 repair work, a strike
1 did 4 an accident, repair work, other
2 was writing roadworks, bad weather (e.g. snow, ice)
3 was starting / started 5 too much traffic caused by a special
4 went event, rush hour, roadworks, an
5 made accident
6 put
7 started
8 rang
9 jumped
10 spilled
9
1 T
2 F (some can go with plural countable
nouns)
3 F (they can all be used with
uncountable nouns;
see also the Grammar reference)
4 T (but see the Grammar reference)
5 F
10
1 much
2 any
3 some
4 many
5 plenty
6 any
7 no
8 bit
9 a lot of
10 few
4
1 typical, consist 4 stomach
5
1F 2O 3F 4O 5F 6F
1
1 never 6 right
2 lot 7 ’ve
3 was 8 asked
4 were 9 of
5 any 10 didn’t
2
1 Did he go with you? Have you eaten here
before?
2 What would you like for dessert? Has he
finished eating?
3 Where have you been? What time did you
get here?
4 How much did it cost? How long has she
lived here?
5 Could I have a coffee please? Who were
you talking to earlier?
3
1 some, had
2 Could, no, some
3 seen, a few, didn’t like
4 did, was texting, much
6
1d 3h 5b 7f
2e 4g 6c 8a
7
flights: cancelled, check in, land
driving: a licence, a roundabout, a service
station, a truck, a vehicle
food: mild, roast, seafood, skin
8
1 stuck 5 Japanese
2 departure 6 directly
3 boarding 7 choice
4 friendly 8 grilled
9
1 queues 7 keep
2 park 8 monument
3 underground 9 miss
4 ground 10 delicious
5 line 11 portions
6 main 12 value
Unit 5 doing some exercise (Maribel might go
running)
Opener (page 43) going on a trip to the country
They don’t plan to do any of the following:
1 Possible answers taking a flight (she’s meeting someone at
It seems likely that the woman is at the the airport, but isn’t taking a flight)
London Olympics (see Culture notes watching a sports event (Corinne suggests
below). going running at the track)
People enjoy the excitement of attending going to a dance class (there’s a party and
live sporting events, perhaps also the Maribel says she likes to dance)
camaraderie and feeling of pride in their going to a swimming pool (Maribel prefers
country / region / town, etc. It is a chance a heated pool for swimming but they’re
to see extraordinary athletes / going to a lake)
sportspeople perform at the highest level,
and to support and encourage them after 5
the years of training they have put into 1 you’re here
their sport. 2 take it easy
It is probably a stressful experience rather 3 I’m afraid
than relaxing, but it can be exciting and 4 some important clients
uplifting when your team does well. 5 down the road
6 I’d prefer
What are your plans? (pages 44-45) 7 at the weekend
8 for a walk
1 9 spare swimming gear
1d 2e 3f 4b 5c 6a 10 make the most
3 Possible answers 9
cards: card table, pack of cards, dice a 1, 3, 4, 5 b 2, 6, 7
(sometimes), casino
dance: dance studio / dance floor, dance Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
shoes, leotard, costume, etc. 1 to watch, to get
swimming: sea, lake, river, swimsuit, 2 are … doing, ’re meeting, to see
goggles, swimming cap 3 having, having, hire
athletics: track, shoes 4 ’re playing, to play
football: pitch / park / sports centre /
stadium, ball, net / goal, boots, shirt, pads, 1 a Who else is going?
gloves b Where are you going to have it?
basketball: court, basket, boots 2 a Who are they playing?
yoga: sports hall / leisure centre, mat, b When are you thinking of getting the
leotard tickets?
running: park / river bank, shorts, top 3 a How long is she going to stay?
fishing: river / sea / lake, net, hook, line, b What are you thinking of doing while
bait, waders she’s here?
tennis: ball, net, trainers (tennis shoes),
shorts Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
golf: clubhouse, hole, ball, golf shoes, bag, 1 I might call you later.
tee 2 What are you going to do?
drawing: studio, easel, charcoal, pencils, 3 We’re thinking of having a meeting about
paper / drawing pad it.
4 I’m not going to go on holiday this year.
4 Answers 5 I might not be in class tomorrow.
They talk about: 6 Where are you thinking of staying?
relaxing and doing nothing (she says she’s 7 I’m going to go fishing this weekend.
going to take it easy) 8 What are you thinking of going to see?
looking round the shops 9 I may not come. It depends how I feel.
The best game in the world (pages 46-47) 14
1 aim (to)
1 2 prevent
1 won 5 beats 3 the outcome
2 scored 6 kicked 4 the pace
3 time 7 throw 5 an opponent
4 drew 8 support 6 the referee
7 banned
5 8 bet
People don’t like it because it can be very
boring / nothing happens / players earn Take the stress out of life (pages 48-49)
too much money.
It’s popular because it’s simple to play and 3
understand, you don’t need expensive Colouring books and the maker movement
equipment, no skill is needed, it’s different are both relaxing and creative hobbies that
every time / you don’t know what’ll have started to become popular.
happen Colouring books: depression (colouring is
an alternative way of dealing with stress
7 and depression), pattern (the books have
1 When an adjective has three or more all kinds of patterns), publish (the books
syllables (some two-syllable adjectives are one of the biggest growth areas in
also use most). publishing)
2 We use -est when the adjective has one Maker movement: furniture (people make
or two syllables (but remember that it); retail therapy (we are made to think
some two-syllable adjectives also use that shopping is relaxing and will make us
most). feel better, but the opposite is true);
3 Because the adjective ends in -y and the personal (the things you make are more
y becomes i + est. personal than those you buy)
8
1 a expenses b inexpensive
2 a add b addition
3 a support b supporters
4 a heating b heat
5 a manage b management
6 a secure b security
9
1 travel expenses = money that is paid
back to you after a business trip, e.g.
rail travel or petrol, hotel costs, meals,
etc.
2 add some salt = put salt in food
In addition to = as well as
3 (not have) much support for = not many
other people think it is a good idea
rival supporters = groups of people who
follow opposite teams
4 turn the heating on = start heating the
house, e.g. start the central heating
escape the summer heat = go to a
different place (e.g. the coast or
mountains) where it is less hot
5 manage to do everything = be able to
do everything, fit in all the jobs you
have style of management = way that
you organise things and people
6 to secure the airports = to make sure
the airports are safe from terrorist
attack security was very tight = there
were very strict security measures, e.g.
a lot of police officers, thorough
security checks
Unit 6 4
Female only Male and female
Opener (page 51) 1 aunt 2 classmate
5 ex-wife 3 colleague
2 7 girlfriend 4 cousin
This is the true story of the photo, taken by 8 gran 6 flatmate
the National Geographic photographer 9 little sister 11 neighbour
Michael ‘Nick’ Nichols. 10 niece 14 partner
In 1987 Nick’s family lived in the Rwandan 12 mum
village of Bisoki while he was working on a 13 mother-in-law
book on gorillas. His guide, Shambani, 15 sister-in-law
became his friend, and Shambani’s son,
Fidele, played with Nick’s son, Ian. Nick 5
returned home to the USA, and when his 1 uncle
second son Eli Nichols was born in 1989, 5 ex-husband
Nick sent a snapshot to Shambani. 7 boyfriend
Returning to Bisoke in 1994, Nick learned 8 granddad / grandpa
that his friend Shambani had died in a 9 little brother
Zairean refugee camp. He managed to find 10 nephew
Fidele (pictured in the photo), who 12 dad
exclaimed, ‘I still have your picture!’ The 13 father-in-law
boy had little else. ‘They lost all they had,’ 15 brother-in-law
says Nick, who bought Shambani’s widow
clothes and tools. ‘But Fidele had held onto 6
that photo. He kept asking, “How is your 1 niece (and sister-in-law)
family? How is Ian?”.’ 2 colleagues
3 flatmates
Who’s the guy in the middle? (pages 52-53) 4 ex-wife
5 neighbours
1 6 father-in-law
The blond girl on the right is Anna, Maya’s 7 granddad
friend from Poland. 8 little sister
The guy in the middle is Maya’s brother.
The girl with the dark hair on the left is a 8
friend from Maya’s Spanish class. 1 a present perfect
b present simple
2 c present continuous
1 How long d past simple
2 Who 2
3 How auxiliary pronoun
4 Is a have you
5 What b does he
6 Why c Is she
7 How old d did he
8 Do
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
3 1 does, Has
1 Not long. Ten minutes. 2 Do, do, Did
2 My friend Anna from Poland. 3 do, are
3 (I met her) on an exchange trip. 4 are, Have
4 No, she’s studying here.
5 He’s a nurse. 9
6 His wife’s from there. 1 Where do you live?
7 24. 2 Do you know anyone in the class?
8 Yes, we’re quite close. 3 How long have you known them?
4 Why are you studying English?
5 Have you studied in this school before? Her daughter (Sophie) negotiates prices,
6 Are you enjoying the class? might take over the business.
7 Did you have a nice weekend? Her son (Jerome) loves fashion and design.
8 What did you do? 4 Sophie
10 3
1 Where do you live? 1 when I was
2 Do you know anyone in this class? 2 when I decided
3 How long have you known them? 3 grew and grew
4 Why are you studying English? 4 take over the
5 Have you studied in this school before? 5 She and I
6 Are you enjoying the class? 6 head for figures
7 Did you have a nice weekend? 7 the business skills
8 What did you do?
4
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference Sophie
1 (correct) Agrees: She sounds like a strong character,
2 Which battery do lasts longer? which is in line with what her mother says,
3 Who did gave you this? but she doesn’t actually agree with
4 (correct) anything her mother said.
5 (correct) Disagrees: She doesn’t want to take over
6 What did happened to you? You’re really the business and wants to become a
late. scientist instead.
7 (correct) Jerome
8 Who do wants coffee? Put your hand up. Agrees: He likes the fashion and design
9 (correct) aspect of the business. His comments
about romance might suggest he lacks
Answers to Exercise 3, Grammar reference business skills (as his mother says), but not
1 How old is your gran? necessarily.
2 What kinds of things do you do at the Disagrees: He would like to run the
weekend? company.
3 What film did you see last Friday?
4 How long have you lived here? 6
5 What questions did / do they ask in the 1 all – three; both – two; none – three;
exam? neither – two
6 What time are you leaving tomorrow 2 none / neither
morning? 3 when the word comes first in the clause
7 How far do you travel to get to work? and is followed by a pronoun
8 How many students are there in your 4 whereas
class?
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
12 1 all
1 in 2 both
2 with, from 3 Neither
3 next 4 both
4 sitting, front 5 of
5 with (or holding), from / at 6 us
7 all
A family business (pages 54-55) 8 them
8 2
1 can 4 doesn’t have to They talk about the journey, Maksim takes his
2 have to 5 have to shoes off, he has something to drink (water),
3 can 6 can’t he gives presents.
7
1 garden or kitchen, talking about the dog
2 kitchen, talking about washing clothes
3 living room, talking about Theo / TV
4 Oliver’s study, talking about the room
5 bathroom, talking about having a shower
6 outside Theo’s room, talking about Theo
7 (Maksim’s) bedroom, talking about
blankets
8
a 2, 5 b 3, 6, 7 c4 d1
9 Possible answers
1 I’ll carry them, if you like.
2 I’ll get you something if you like.
3 Sure, I’ll give you a key.
4 Yes, I’ll give it back to you tomorrow!
5 It’s just down here, I’ll show you.
6 I will.
7 It won’t be very cold, so probably just
some jeans and shirts.
8 Yes, I’ll have the fish, please.
11
1 take off 6 lend
2 borrow 7 lock
3 clear 8 show
4 leave 9 use
5 hang 10 Help
Unit 8 3 Pure Maths (Astrophysics Master’s)
4 hopes to do a Master’s
Opener (page 69) Conversation 3
1 No
1 Possible answers 2 enjoyed it up to a point, but too
Work with your students’ answers. The theoretical
picture shows a young teacher helping two 3 (international) law
elderly ladies in a computer laboratory. 4 no plans mentioned
The two ladies could be learning how to
work with computer programmes, or they 5
could be communicating online. They 1 How’s 6 are you in
might even be learning a foreign language 2 are your 7 applied anywhere
(they have headphones and microphones). 3 have you got 8 to university
4 when you finish 9 did you study
Get the grades (pages 70-71) 5 are you doing 10 you enjoy it
1 6
1 nursery Conversation 1
2 primary school 1 It’s OK, I suppose. Some bits are good.
3 second year 2 Spanish and art. And history’s OK as
4 left school well.
5 a year off 3 If it all goes well, I’ll have two more
6 university years.
7 my finals 4 If I can save enough money between
8 graduated now and then, I’ll try and take a year
9 do a Master’s off.
Conversation 2
2 5 Pure Maths.
1 design 6 My third, unfortunately.
2 interested, history, graduate, nursery, 7 Not yet. But I probably will in the next
primary, secondary few weeks.
3 economics Conversation 3
4 geography 8 Yes. The Paul Cézanne University in
5 university Marseille.
9 International Law.
3 Possible answers 10 Up to a point … it was quite theoretical.
1 three It wasn’t very practical
2 any age over 16
3 twelve or thirteen 9
4 any age over 16 1T
5 18 2 F (uses present tense)
6 18 to 21 3T
7 about 21 4F
8 any age above 21
9 about 21 Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
1d 3e 5c 7a
4 2b 4f 6h 8g
Conversation 1
1 Yes
2 OK / quite enjoys some of it 10
3 Spanish, art, history (Business at 1 need, ’ll work
university) 2 pass, ‘ll buy
4 plans to take a year off 3 don’t get, ‘ll retake
Conversation 2 4 don’t get, won’t get into
1 Yes 5 won’t consider, miss
2 really enjoying it
6 will you do, happens, ’ll probably just for another year, or you leave school
start without qualifications. The opposite
of fail is pass.
11 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 9 books, computers, interactive
1 If I go to England, my English will get whiteboards, any other supplies and
better. equipment (e.g. for art, science, sport,
2 You won’t do well at the interview etc.)
tomorrow if you don’t look smart 10 A top university (e.g. Oxford and
enough. Cambridge in the UK, Harvard and Yale
3 (correct) in the US) is one that requires either
4 If I find the website address, I will send very high qualifications (very good
it you later. grades) or require you to pass an
5 (correct) entrance exam and have an interview.
6 If I don’t go to university, my parents 11 They might copy a text, a table or a
will be really upset. graph.
12 It generally involves a more teacher-
A good system (pages 72-73) centred approach, with the teacher
writing on a blackboard, giving lectures
1 Possible answers and dictations; students might have to
Students are looking at their books while listen to the teacher, copy from the
the teacher reads out loud. They look as if board, learn things by heart, do a lot of
they are reading a story. written exercises, etc. Discipline is likely
Good: they are all concentrating on their to be more strict.
work, they are well behaved, they are
neatly dressed, the classroom looks tidy 3
and has lots of posters on the walls and c (When the interviewer asks, ‘which do
examples of students' work. you prefer?’ she says, ‘It’s difficult to
Bad: the students are not interacting very say.’ She mentions the heavy workload
much at the moment. in Spain, and some boring lessons, and
in England they did more projects and
2 arty things. But in Spain they have
1 A good grade is usually an A or a B, or 8 longer holidays and finish the school
out of 10, or 90%. day earlier, at two
2 People don’t normally pay fees (=
money to pay for your education) at a 4
state school because it is a government- 1 F (to begin with, my brother just stood
funded school. in the corner of the playground
3 A private school is a fee-paying school watching everyone play)
and not a state school. Parents might 2 T (There was another girl in the class
send their children because they think who spoke English so she translated a
they will get a better education, be in a lot at the beginning.)
smaller class, meet nicer friends, get 3 T (I did the last year of primary here,
better opportunities later in life, etc. although I’d already done it in England.)
4 bad behaviour: bullying other children, 4 F (we didn’t have to do much in primary
running in the corridors, talking in class, in England … but I often have two hours
not doing homework; good behaviour: [in Spain])
listening to the teacher, being quiet, 5 T (they have five years of secondary
answering questions school in England, but there are only
5 Yes, compulsory means you have to do four here.)
it; the opposite is optional. 6 T (in primary in England we had the
6 a degree (e.g. BA, BSc, MA) same teacher all day, but here we
7 Teachers or the school set tests, and changed teachers.)
students study for them. 7 T (We didn’t use textbooks much in
8 If you fail your exam, you might have to England and we did more projects and
retake it, or you can’t go to college or arty things.)
university, or you stay in the same class
8 F (they say school is boring too and they He cheated (pages 74-75)
get stressed with exams and stuff)
9 F (only in Spain: if your teacher fails you 1 Possible answers
in some subjects, you have to repeat Ways of cheating in tests: using mobiles
the whole year!) and going online, writing things on the
back of their hands, signalling answers to
5 friends, bringing in books or notes to the
resources, approach (more traditional in exam, finding out what is in the test before
Spain, students learn to listen), behaviour they do it
(very responsible, no violence or bullying), Ways of cheating in homework: copying
fees (in England fees for universities are from friends, from books, from websites;
high), textbooks (spends 400 euros a year), downloading essays or paying for someone
holidays (too long, impossible for working online to write an essay
people to organise time with their kids What happens: you might be punished,
during holidays) e.g. get sent home or kept at school
(detention), you might not be given a
8 grade, have to resit, or not be allowed in
1 couldn’t school (excluded)
2 Did … have to
3 didn’t have to 2
4 had to 1 T (has become very widespread)
5 could 2 F (part of a much bigger problem)
3 F (the majority of the students
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference questioned said they sometimes
1 could cheated)
2 had to 4 T (contrary to expectations, it’s not only
3 didn’t have to, have to weaker students who cheat)
4 couldn’t, had to 5 T (buy essays from online firms that
5 don’t have to write to order)
6 T (modern technology is constantly
9 coming up with clever ways of breaking
1 couldn’t, Did we have to the rules)
2 can’t, have to
3 had to 4
4 don’t have to 1e 2c 3a 4d 5b
5 had to, could
6 had to, couldn’t 5
7 didn’t have to, have to 1 push 5 tempted
2 motivation 6 step
11 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 3 patience 7 challenge
1 We couldn’t come yesterday because of 4 effort 8 profit
the bad weather.
2 (correct) 7
3 We didn’t have to study English when I 1 claimed, check
was at school. 2 got stuck, complete
4 I’m sorry I wasn’t able to come to class 3 ordered, pretended
last week. I had a lot of work. 4 declare, earned
5 When I was at school, we always had to 5 taking, improve
stand up when the teacher came into 6 lied, resign
the classroom.
6 (correct) 8
7 He had to retake the test twice before 1 job interviews / CVs
he passed. 2 video / online games
8 The question was so difficult, I couldn’t 3 cooking
to answer it. 4 tax and personal finances
9 (correct) 5 sport
6 politics 4 can’t
5 not to
9 Possible answers
Cooking: buying ready-made meals from Review (page 77)
supermarkets and pretending you cooked
them; using ready-made sauces 1
Game shows: famous examples include 1 OK 7 can
having an audience member signalling 2 course 8 mind
answers or having an ear-piece that allows 3 ’ll 9 can
a friend to tell you answers remotely 4 had 10 rather
Job interviews and CVs: lying about 5 could 11 have
qualifications, using fake references; 6 if 12 can
getting a friend to give you a reference; 2
bribing the interviewer 1 have to
Politics: lying, bribery, corruption 2 can’t
Relationships: telling lies about where you 3 didn’t have to
have been; dating other people 4 can’t
Sport: taking drugs; deliberately losing 5 closes
games; gambling on games 6 Of course not
Tax and personal finances: not giving full 7 I’ll make
information on tax forms; getting paid in 8 don’t, will
cash; claiming money you haven't spent 6
Video games: using ‘cheats’ to go to 1d2a3f4b5c6h7e8g
different levels 7
education: an approach, compulsory,
Video 4: Fainting Goats (page 76) graduate, a textbook
places: an army base, a car plant, a desert,
2 a square
1 in Texas cheating: claim, lie, pretend, resign
2 They are missing good meat. People 8
where they are eat a lot of salad and 1 computing 6 performance
food like hot dogs, and in Kenya they 2 optional 7 historical
are used to eating a lot of goat meat. 3 behaviour 8 dangerous
3 They go to a goat farm to find out about 4 traditional 9 industrial
getting some goat meat. 5 qualifications 10 financial
9
4 1 tiny 7 state
1 The goats play dead. 2 fields 8 fees
2 The goats’ muscles get really tight. 3 farm 9 treat
3 The muscles expand out. 4 primary 10 culture
4 The goats carry a gene called myotonia, 5 secondary 11 coast
which makes them behave in this way. 6 residence 12 ocean
5 When the goats get scared, their
muscles tighten up.
6 Then the goats fall over.
7 In Kenya, hyenas would eat the goats if
they had myotonia.
8 The men imagine what would happen if
they had myotonia from eating goat,
and what would happen when they
wanted to cross the road.
5
1 months
2 of their genes
3 joke about taking
Unit 9 6
Conversation 1
Opener (page 79) 1 flu
2 weak and tired, muscles ache
1 Possible answers 3 go home and rest
The photo shows a group of people at a 4 yes
health spa in the Black Forest, Germany, in Conversation 2
winter. They are getting light therapy to 1 hay fever
help them overcome depression caused by 2 eyes sore, sneezing
lack of sunlight. In northern countries (in 3 get some sunglasses
particular Scandinavia), where days are 4 probably not (unless it’s very bad)
very short during the winter, a lot of
people are affected by a lack of sunlight 7
1 you poor thing
Under the weather (pages 80-81) 2 weak and tired
3 stay and spread
2 4 get well soon
a asthma (an inhaler helps you breathe) 5 time of year
b an allergy (cats often cause allergies) – 6 makes them worse
or possibly asthma (a cat allergy can 7 a bad idea
result in asthma) 8 work for you
c hay fever (flowers / pollen cause hay
fever) – or possibly allergy 8
d a temperature (a thermometer 1 should
measures temperature) 2 Why don’t you
e headache (aspirin helps with the pain) 3 ought to
f sore throat (honey and lemon helps
with the pain) Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
g upset stomach (oysters can cause the 1 Why don’t you go on a diet?
problem) 2 You should put some cream on that rash.
h the flu (sleeping helps you get better) 3 What do you think we ought to do?
i a nose bleed (tissues help you clean the 4 Why don’t you phone and make an
blood) – students might also match this appointment?
to hay fever or the flu 5 Anyone taking drugs to improve their
performance ought to be banned.
3 Possible answers 6 Maybe you should / ought to drink less
Asthma and allergies can be very serious, coffee.
although they are usually manageable or
treatable. Flu is more serious than the 9
other problems that are quite minor. Hay 1 should
fever can be very unpleasant and last a 2 ought
long time, but is not dangerous. Some of 3 should, Why
the problems are minor, but could be 4 should
symptoms of something more serious (e.g. 5 don’t
a temperature, an upset stomach). 6 should, should
7 to
4 8 ought, should, you
1 hay fever
2 an upset stomach 10 Possible answers
3 an allergy 1 You should join a gym / do exercise / go
4 asthma jogging.
5 a headache 2 You should see a doctor / count sheep /
6 the flu take a sleeping pill / relax.
7 a sore throat 3 You should see a psychiatrist / talk
8 a nosebleed about it with friends.
9 a temperature
4 You should see a doctor / have therapy damaged and she recovered more
/ put your foot up / put a bandage on it. quickly.)
5 You should talk to your teacher / do 7 Yes (People give up because they think
more revision. they are too old.)
6 You should get a part-time job. 8 No (not stated in the article, though
possibly true!)
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
1 shouldn’t eat 4
2 should watch 1 difference
3 should go, shouldn’t, ignore 2 treat
4 should do 3 scientist
5 shouldn’t miss 4 experience
5 emotional
11 6 operation
1 b, f 7 recover
2 c, e 8 injury
3 a, d
6
The power of the mind (pages 82-83) 1 matter 6 matter
2 matter 7 mind, mind
2 Possible answers 3 mind 8 mind
emotional reactions: we can train 4 matter 9 matter
ourselves to react calmly rather than 5 mind
emotionally to pain exercise in old age: if
we decide that we want to exercise or do 8
sport, we can continue to do it well into 1 to make matters worse, never mind
old age 2 I’ve got a lot on my mind
hypnotherapy: it can save you from using 3 I don’t mind
drugs in operations and help you to 4 that’s a matter of opinion
recover quickly meditation: can have a 5 What’s the matter, Would you mind? /
positive effect, e.g. stops monks getting You don’t mind?
cold
nocebos: they cause illness because you Don’t worry. You’ll be fine (pages 84-85)
think they will
placebos: you get better because you 1
believe the pills will make you better 1 face 7 chest 13 eye
2 finger 8 stomach 14 mouth
3 3 hand 9 foot 15 lip
1 No (The placebo effect can sometimes 4 shoulder 10 knee 16 ear
help, but that doesn’t mean drugs are 5 back 11 leg
never needed.) 6 arm 12 hair
2 Yes (Sometimes doctors can measure
physical changes after patients take a 2
placebo, e.g. their blood pressure may 1 back
fall.) 2 feet
3 No (only some are) 3 lip
4 Yes (The monk concentrated and 4 hair
increased his body temperature to 5 face
40°C.) 6 stomach
5 No (People can be trained to deal with
pain.) 4
6 Yes (Alama Kante was hypnotised 1d 2e 3b
before her operation, so she did not
need any drugs and she could sing
during the operation: her voice was not
5 6 You shouldn’t call him now. It’s too late
1 hiccups
2 She put her fingers in her ears, then
bent down and put her head between
her knees and swallowed some water
slowly.
3 indigestion
4 She is told to take indigestion pills: mix
them with water and drink them after
your meals, but don’t take more than
four pills a day, and if they don’t deal
with the problem, consult your doctor.
5 a cut and a burn
6 He cut his head dancing with his son,
and got a burn when his wife came in
and knocked a cup of coffee off the
table and it went all over his leg.
7
1T 2F 3T 4F
8
1 Don’t take
2 Eat
3 Put
4 Don’t stop
5 Don’t try
6 Wash
7 Don’t put
8 Let
9
1f 3b 5g 7a
2e 4d 6h 8c
13 Possible answers 4
1 Take his word for it and apologise for 1 e (Zinaida used to mess around by the
the mistake. river when she went to stay with her
2 Call reception to complain. / Put ear grandparents.)
plugs in. 2 a (Julia remembers sitting on the fence as
3 Check the tent is put up properly. / the sun went down, watching the cows
Tighten the tent pegs. / Pack up some coming home.)
essentials and go and find a hotel. 3 d (Christina’s family used to rent a
4 Point out politely that they are cottage in the Smoky Mountains.)
supposed to wash up their things. / 4 g (The bear that appeared in the
Ignore them but feel angry! mountains was climbing a tree when
5 Go outside and sit in the shade. Christina saw it.)
6 Hand it in to reception in case they 5 c (Christina and her family used to have
come back for it. / Keep it, it must be a breakfast on the terrace.)
very generous tip because you did such 6 h (Julia never used to get bored, even
a good job of cleaning! though she was out in the countryside.)
7 f (Julia’s dog scared the chickens, so the
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference neighbours took it away!) 8 b (Sandy,
1 was her brother and her grandparents used
2 I’d, wasn’t to go for long walks.)
3 were, wouldn’t, I’d
4 It’d, was 5
5 would be, wasn’t 1 b and f
6 were, could 2 a and e
3c
Best holiday ever! (pages 92-93) 4d
3 2
1 buildings are destroyed, people are hurt or Wild animals: rabbit, shark, lion, pigeon,
killed, people evacuate the area, phone rat
lines are cut Farm animals: cow, sheep, (possibly dog)
2 medicine, social trends, weapons, Insect: fly
renewable energy, climate change Pets: parrot, rabbit, dog, rat
3 tigers, northern white rhinos
4 cancer, Parkinson’s disease 3
5 an investigation, an enquiry, a career, a Wild animals: bear, tiger, rhino, elephant,
product etc.
6 driving in city centres, drugs, alcohol Farm animals: pig, chicken, horse, etc.
7 rats, badgers Insect: bee, butterfly, beetle, etc.
Pet: cat, goldfish, gerbil, hamster,
4 budgerigar
1 Conversation 4 (could save millions of
lives) 5
2 Conversation 3 (pulling down horrible 1 Wedding goes with a ‘woof’
houses in Morovia) 2 Dinner not well done
3 Conversation 1 (bees becoming extinct 3 Tips for birds
– no fruit or vegetables) 4 From zero to hero
4 Conversation 2 (forecast – hot and 5 Milk of human kindness
sunny) 6 Barking witness
Jail bird – no match
5
a3 b4 c2 d4 e1 f1 g3 h2 6
Wedding goes with a ‘woof’: we say
6 Possible answers something goes with a bang if it goes really
1 reporting news well; it is changed here to goes with a
2 comment / opinion woof, which is the sound a dog makes.
3 suggestion Dinner not well done: well done is used to
4 comment / opinion describe food that is cooked for a long
5 comment / opinion time, but we also say well done! to
6 reporting news somebody when they have done
7 reporting news something good, or difficult, or done a
good job. Here not well done means it was 10
not a good thing that they ate the shark. 1 b (pp because the rain happened the
Tips for birds: play on tips which can mean night before the time in 1)
advice as well as money waiters get for 2 g (pp because the wallet had been
good service dropped before he found it)
From zero to hero: from being somebody 3 e (pp because he hadn’t paid his bills in
with a negative reputation to somebody the time before)
with a really positive reputation 4 d (ps because the roadworks happened
Milk of human kindness: a quote from at the same time)
Shakespeare meaning to show care and 5 a (pp because they forgot the keys in
compassion for others; here, being kind to the time before)
cows literally results in more milk 6 c (pp because they hadn’t made a
Barking witness: barking is the noise a dog speech in the time before)
makes, but it also means crazy, from the 7 h (ps because both things happen at the
expression barking mad same time)
Jail bird: an expression used to describe a 7 f (pp because the dog hadn’t had a
person who has been in prison a lot walk in the day before)
The story about the parrot is not true.
However, a Japanese restaurant did train 11 Possible answers
some monkeys to do a similar job! 1 … I hadn’t eaten all day.
2 … he had been rude. /… her dog had
7 died. /… she had failed the exam.
big day = important day (here, wedding 3 … I hadn’t slept the night before. /… I’d
day) run all the way home.
a net = a thing used to catch fish which is 4 … I’d never had a job interview / given a
made from string or rope knotted together presentation before.
insist on = do something even if everyone 5 … been abroad. / … fallen in love. / …
asks you not to, or says it’s a bad idea been away from home.
a cage = a thing made of metal bars and
used to keep a bird or small animal inside 13
so that it can’t get out The pigeon had flown over 60 kilometres
train somebody to do something = teach to carry drugs to prisoners at the jail.
somebody to do something by repeated The dog had fallen into the sea and had
practice swum to the island, and had survived by
sense of smell = ability to smell through eating small animals. The couple hadn’t
your nose turned off the gas, the rabbit detected the
detect = find something using different smell and woke his owners.
senses
boost = improve or increase Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
investigation = the process of finding out 1 After they had had one date, he asked her
what happened, e.g. after a crime to marry him.
main suspect = the person police think did 2 I rang you as soon as I had heard the news.
the crime 3 I had never been on a plane until I went to
Japan.
9 4 They had had an argument before I
1 before arrived, so there was a bad atmosphere. It
2 usually was quite uncomfortable.
3 simple 5 I was fed up after I found out I hadn’t got
the job
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
1 had seen Did you know … ?(pages 102-103)
2 had forgotten
3 had left 2
4 had been, hadn’t met 1c 2a 3b
5 hadn’t told, had eaten
6 had done, had cheated
4 6 Two men were arrested after a bomb
1 Yes and no: there are some genetic was found in their car.
factors, but other factors are due to the
environment. 8
2 Their feet are covered in hairs, which 1 conducted
are covered in other hairs. The electric 2 were taken away
charge on the hairs makes the spider 3 were replaced
stick to the ceiling. 4 was made
3 Graphene is a very thin layer of 5 spent
graphite, it’s the world’s thinnest 6 were put
material, but incredibly strong. 7 explored
8 weren’t touched
5 9 are not allowed
1 50% 10 is seen
2 a particular
3 be learned Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
4 tiny 1 a fund b was funded
5 to 2 a catch b was caught
6 thick 3 a broke b was broken
7 peel 4 a Were you woken up b woke up
8 awarded 5 a are not allowed b allow
6 a gave b was given
6 Possible answers
Violent behaviour can be caused by Answers to Exercise 3, Grammar reference
pollution (e.g. lead in the atmosphere has 1 How did the accident happen?
been shown to have an effect on 2 (correct)
behaviour), war (because people are 3 A dog was suddenly appeared in front
exposed to extreme violence, sometimes of me.
at a young age), home life (if young 4 Fortunately, none of us was badly hurt.
children grow up in difficult environments 5 (correct)
without much parental support, or where 6 Those batteries didn’t last very long.
violence is normal) See also the Culture
notes above.
7
1 Passive verbs: was discovered, is
repeated, are left, could be replaced, is
called, was awarded Active verbs:
discovered, leaves, repeat, replace, call,
awarded
2 verb be + past participle form
3 In 1 and 3 we know because it is stated
after by (1 two Russian scientists, 3
Graphene). In the other sentences we
don’t know who does the action.
4 11 Possible answers
1 Nollywood (the film industry) washing machine, cash payment
2 Nollywood films shopping centre, leisure centre
3 the focus on black magic and crime main roads, crossword
4 the producers of the films housemate, checkmate, roommate,
5 Imasuen’s recent films flatshare fashion industry, computer
6 the British industry, film star, film review
7 Invasion 1897 (Imasuen’s film) hiking boots, rugby boots, wellington
8 films like Invasion 1897 boots, football pitch, football match
liver disease, heart problems, heart
6 condition
1 a films surveillance system, security camera,
b cameramen security officer news story, love story,
c works success rate
d issue reading glasses, suncream, sunshade, sun
2 a film / films hat
b cameraman / cameramen basketball court, badminton court, tennis
c work / works racket, tennis shoes
d issue / issues garden lights, traffic cone, traffic jam
4
1 c
2 a (Gustavo is young and in an orchestra,
so it can’t be 3.)
3 b (Wallander in the Swedish detective
series)
4 f (Henry Moore sculpture of king and
queen
5
a Speaker 3
b Speaker 2
c Speaker 1
d Speaker 4
e Speaker 4
f Speaker 2
g Speaker 1
h Speaker 3
7
1 have
2 been (past participle form of be)
3 for
4 since
5 / 6 like / know
1 Possible answers 7
Work with your students’ answers. The 1 a towel, a bar of soap, a toothbrush
picture shows a young couple moving in or 2 a brush, a bar of soap, a towel
out of a home. 3 a stapler, a pen, a computer
They are wrapping or unwrapping things 4 a kettle, a cloth, a tea towel
using bubble wrap and are looking at 5 a lawn mower, a work bench, a ladder
documents – perhaps sorting out things to 6 a vacuum cleaner, an iron, an ironing
throw away. board, a mop
7 a knife, a tin opener, a towel.
What’s it called in English? (pages 124-125) 8 a hammer, a screwdriver
1 9
3 an ironing board 1 drawer /drɔː/
4 a shower curtain and shower rail 2 shelf
6 a kettle 3 mortgage
7 a dustpan and brush 4 neighbour (NB we say next-door
8 an iron neighbour if they live in the house next
(They also mention a rubbish bin (1) to us – a neighbour can live in any flat
and bleach (9), but don’t need to buy or house nearby)
these.) 5 landlord
6 spare room
2 7 garage
1 a good clean 8 balcony
2 buy some stuff
3 write a list 10
4 do you call 1 that / which 2 that / who 3 where
5 for cleaning things
6 under the sink Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
7 charge the landlord 1 who
8 can’t live without 2 that
3 where
3 4 who
You can see a bin (1), a pan (2), a needle 5 which
and thread (10), a mop and bucket (11), a 6 where
towel (5), a rubber (12) and a torch (13).
11
4 1 that / which 6 where
1 a towel 2 that / who 7 that / which
2 a cloth 3 where 8 where
3 a plaster 4 that / which 9 that / who
4 a pan 5 that / who
5 a torch
6 a needle and thread 12 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
7 a mop and a bucket 1 Sertab Erener is a Turkish singer who
8 a stapler won the Eurovision Song Contest in
2003.
6 2 Storaplan is a very trendy area where
1 in, on there are lots of nice shops and
2 above restaurants.
3 on 3 Sue Briggs was an English teacher who
4 on persuaded me to go to university.
5 in
4 A campsite is a place where you stay lot of fresh vegetables, which is very
when you go camping. healthy.
5 Shostakovich was a Russian composer
who wrote some amazing pieces of 5
music. New Zealand kiwi fruits – flown a long
6 Istanbul is a city where Europe and Asia distance, creating carbon dioxide /
meet. packaged in polystyrene, which is hard to
7 What do you call those machines that recycle
do the washing-up for you? Bottles of water / cans of cola – have to
8 I need to buy one of those things that mine tonnes of rock to get the aluminium
you wear round your waist and keep for cans / transport costs
money in. Small bottles / small boxes of cereal – use
more material than large ones Meat (beef
1 and lamb) – animals produce natural gas
Picture 1 includes a bar of chocolate, a box that causes global warming / inefficient
of cereal, a can of cola, a jar of honey, a way to get food energy
packet of biscuits (also a tin of fish, bottles
of sauce, a pot of noodles). 6
Picture 2 includes a carton of milk, a tray of 1 T (everything we produce and consume
meat, a tin of tomatoes, a pot of yoghurt leads to waste)
(also a bottle of grape juice, a jar of olives, 2 F (the kiwi fruit are from New Zealand)
a packet of pasta, a tin of crabmeat). 3 F (he recycles bottles and cans)
Picture 3 includes a sack of rice (and a sack 4 T (4 tonnes of rock needed for 1 tonne
of onions, but no other packaging). of aluminium)
5 T (they are lighter than glass)
2 6 T (no packaging, more efficient
Metal: can, tin (possibly tray) transport by pipe)
Glass: jar (also bottle) 7 T (the next problem is the amount of
Plastic: pot, tray (possibly carton, bar and meat I’ve bought)
packet) 8 T (you shouldn’t eat too many dairy
Cardboard: box, carton products)
Cloth: sack 9 Doesn’t say (but the papers next to
them were)
3 Possible answers
Family 1 probably spends the most as they 7
eat a lot of packaged products, which are The first family uses too much packaged
more expensive than fresh foods. food, in particular bottles and cans of
However, they have not got any meat, drinks, jars, boxes and tins. They eat no
which is more expensive. Their diet looks fresh local food, but they also have no
less healthy, they eat a lot of processed meat or dairy products in their shopping,
foods, which contain a lot of sugar, salt and and both of these are bad for the
other additives. They probably cause most environment.
damage to the environment because they The second family eats much more fresh,
consume so much packaging. unpackaged food (fresh fruit and
Family 2 probably spend quite a lot. Their vegetables) which looks as if it is locally
diet includes meat, which is expensive, but produced, but they buy tins, glass jars and
they eat a lot of vegetables, which are bottles, and plastic trays of meat. Meat is
usually cheap. They don't eat a lot of also bad for the environment.
packaged foods and their diet looks quite The third family is the most
healthy. They use less packaging than 1, environmentally friendly, their food looks
and their vegetables look locally grown, so mainly locally produced, and they use very
they will need less transport. little packaging. The only packaging is large
Family 3 uses very little packaging, and no sacks, which is efficient as there is less
plastics, which is better for the packaging relative to the volume of food.
environment than 1 or 2, and also cheaper. Cloth is more environmentally friendly
The foods look locally grown. They eat a than plastic.
9 Speaker 2
In a and b, must can be replaced by have to 1 a mountain bike
because it means something is essential. 2 Christmas
c must can’t be replaced by have to 3 Yes, it’s one of the most useful presents
because it means ‘I imagine this is ever.
definitely true’. Speaker 3
d mustn’t can’t be replaced by don’t have 1 an iron and a dress in a style he thought
to, the meanings are totally different: she ought to wear (from her ex-
mustn’t means it is not permitted / not boyfriend)
allowed, whereas don’t have to means 2 her birthday
there is no obligation, it’s not necessary 3 No, they gave a very bad message
(but you can do it if you want to). about the way he saw her.
Speaker 4
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference 1 a rock (from a girl he went out with)
1 must / have to 2 their first date together
2 must 3 Not really, he thought it was a bit
3 mustn’t stupid, but he married her and now he
4 don’t have likes it.
5 must
6 must / have to 6
7 must 1 send, a card 5 lend, some money
2 read, a story 6 make, some tea
11 3 buy, a car 7 tell, a secret
1 must / have to reduce 4 cook, dinner 8 ask, a personal question
2 mustn’t pour
3 must be 8
4 must / have to get back 1 We paid them a lot of money so I
5 must / have to remember expected something better.
6 mustn’t forget 2 I sent presents to all the family for
7 don’t have to pay Christmas, but they haven’t called. I
8 must / have to eat wonder if they received them.
3 My husband made me breakfast in bed
12 Possible answers on Valentine’s Day.
You must switch off lights in the home. 4 My grandparents have been married
You must use energy-saving light bulbs. for 40 years so we want to give them
You must put your rubbish in the correct something special for their anniversary.
recycling bins. 5 She cooked this amazing meal for us.
You mustn’t throw away waste in the Honestly, she should start her own
countryside. restaurant.
You mustn’t drop litter. 6 It was a bit embarrassing because they
brought us some wine, but we don’t
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference drink!
1 have to pay tax
2 aren’t allowed to leave 9 Possible answers
3 mustn’t forget to 1 It depends what their interests are:
4 must be very excited perhaps pay for a special holiday,
5 can’t enter organise a trip away with the whole
family, buy something special for the
Thank you so much (pages 128-129) house.
2 a token so she can buy her own clothes
2 or music; some special jewellery
Speaker 1 3 baby clothes, toys, blankets or
1 her own website (from her sister) something for a child’s room
2 her birthday 4 jewellery, romantic music, a meal at a
3 Yes, it’s her favourite gift ever. special restaurant
5 flowers, special cakes or chocolates, 6 who 12 since
something special to drink 2
6 It depends what their interests are: 1 The cost of living
gardening tokens, something for the 2 have been married for
kitchen, a token for a hotel or a spa, 3 are not allowed to
travel tokens 4 mustn’t forget to
7 something useful for the home, or 5 an interest in history
flowers, or chocolates 6 You must be
3
Video 7: Oxford (page 130) 1 leather boots 5 You
2 since 6 mustn’t
2 3 known 7 where
1 F 4 that 8 seen
2 T (farmers took cattle across the river; 6
cows are a type of cattle, as are oxen) 1f 2h 3g 4e 5c 6a 7d 8b
3 T 7
4 F (people were teaching there in 1096, films: a comedy, costumes, an explosion,
but it probably began before that) special effects
5 T things in the house: a carton, a pan, a stapler, a
6 F (parts of them were filmed there) torch
music and art: a composer, an exhibition, a
3 landscape, sculpture
1 He became friends with the children of 8
the head of the college, including his 1 historical 4 annoying
daughter Alice. 2 scary 5 poetry
2 While he was out taking them on boat 3 predictable 6 valuable
rides down the river. 9
3 In the story there is a shop run by a 1 tiring 6 hammer
sheep, possibly based on a shop near 2 bucket 7 plasters
Christchurch, where the shopkeeper 3 dining 8 romantic
had a sheep-like voice. In the book, 4 portrait 9 plate
things in this shop float away off the 5 living
shelves: in reality the shop was often
flooded with water from a stream.
4 A group of authors met in this pub,
including J R R Tolkien (author of The
Hobbit and Lord of the Rings) and C S
Lewis (author of the Narnia books).
4
1 know, were teaching and studying
2 has become
3 took, told
4 based
5 also influenced
6 often met
1
1 last 7 has
2 been 8 never
3 which 9 can’t
4 of 10 allowed
5 must 11 where
Unit 15 6 If unemployment has fallen, people will
spend more and the economy should
Opener (page 133) improve. There will be more money to pay
for services.
1 7 If the average salary is higher, then the
The illustration on the obverse side of a $20 cost of living is also likely to be higher.
bill shows the White House in Washington High salaries might encourage
DC, official home of the President of the immigration, which can be good for the
United States. All American banknotes show a economy.
US president on one side and a building or
event that is famous in US history on the 3
other (see culture notes). 1 He has a good quality of life: warm
climate, near the beach, not too much
Cost Of Living work.
2 It’s not doing very well, unemployment
1 has gone up and salaries are not very high.
1 A currency is strong when it is worth more 3 He could get paid more in Canada, he will
relative to other currencies. When a have better career opportunities, and he
currency is strong, you can exchange it for will be able to see his family and friends
more money in weaker currencies, so you more.
can go abroad more cheaply. However,
goods that are exported are more 4
expensive for other countries to buy, so it 1 at the
can be bad for businesses that mainly 2 in
export goods. Costs for tourists from other 3 last few months
countries are higher, so it is bad for 4 back home
tourism. 5 twice
2 A currency is weak when it is worth less 6 in
relative to other currencies. Exported 7 in
goods from that country are cheaper for 8 while
other countries to buy, but imported
goods are more expensive. It can be good 6
for businesses that export goods, but bad 1 I’m actually going back to Canada in a few
for companies that rely on imports or months. (a)
imported materials. More tourists might 2 The economy’s doing quite badly at the
come from other countries. moment. (a)
3 If the cost of living is high, basic things like 3 Unemployment has gone up quite a lot
food are expensive to buy. Real incomes over the last few months. (b)
may fall, there may be more poverty, 4 I’m not sure I’m going to have a job in a
people might have to work longer hours, year’s time. (d)
there might be social unrest. 5 It used to be cheaper in the past. (c)
4 Inflation is low when prices don’t increase 6 Inflation’s gone up over the last two years.
much over time. The cost of living stays (b)
the same, but wages don’t increase either,
which is bad for the economy. It might Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
encourage saving, as savings keep their 1 over the last five years, since last year, in
value, though interest rates are also likely the last six months
to be low. Borrowing can be cheaper, 2 at the moment
which is good for new businesses. 3 last month, three months ago, the other
5 If there’s a lot of unemployment, a lot of week, when I was young
people don’t have jobs, which can lead to 4 in two years, in three months’ time
social unrest, high costs of social benefits,
and more government debt. Emigration 7
might increase as people look for work in 1 is doing
other countries. 2 has fallen
3 has gone up
4 used to be probably liked watching their dad make
5 is going to be toy boats and making clothes with their
6 is … losing mum, and spending time together. They
7 is going to fall might have complained about not
8 used to be having a TV, or soft drinks, and having
9 is getting
9 used to have 4
1 F (he earned the money and invested it
8 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 2 F (they more than doubled – they cost
1 The prime minister has been losing / 8p and sold for £4.12)
has lost popularity in the last year. 3 T (a lot of it was left to a charity)
2 I used to spend a lot more money in the 4 F (she had a happy childhood and she
past. doesn’t need the money)
3 I got a loan from the bank the other 5 T (it will help teenagers with problems)
month. 6 F (she doesn’t say what she will spend it
4 The recession is getting worse at the on)
moment.
5 They are going to / will invest more in 6 Possible answers
schools over the next five years. From the story: leave anything of value,
6 He lost his job three years ago. buy, borrow, afford, money, silver, gold,
wealthy, spends, saves, worth, having so
9 Possible answers little money, how much, nearly three
1 suit million pounds
2 packet From the audio script: salary, save it,
3 can investing money, expensive, bought
4 laptop shares, cost eight pence each, sold … for
5 A litre is twice the price in my country. £4.12, 2.7 million pounds, give two million
6 A good pair of shoes costs … . to a charity, giving the money to, the
7 A smartphone is much more expensive money they saved, a quarter of a million
in my country. pounds.
8 A kilo costs … .
7
My inheritance (pages 136-137) 1 borrow, owe
2 saving
2 3 won, Invest, buy
The author was surprised because her 4 give, earn
father had always seemed poor, they had 5 worth, left
little money and few possessions as
children, but, in fact, he had left millions in 8
his will. 1 with cash, by credit or debit card, by
cheque
3 2 gas, electricity, water, telephone /
1 Money’s silver, but a needle and thread mobile phone bills
is gold! – practical skills, like being able 3 when you have borrowed money from a
to make or repair clothes, are more bank or person
useful in life than money. 4 Many employees get paid at the end of
Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man the week or month, usually by bank
healthy, wealthy and wise – if you get transfer.
up early and do a good day’s work, 5 when you have borrowed money on
rather than staying up late having fun, your credit card, or from a bank, or
you will do well in life. Never buy what when you have a mortgage
you can borrow, never throw away 6 workmen and people who provide a
what you can repair – you can save service – plumbers, electricians,
money by doing this. hairdressers, car mechanics, etc.
2 Their parents were caring and they did 7 in class, at a lecture / a presentation / a
a lot of things together; the girls talk
8 a coffee, lunch, petrol (after having a 3 left
lift) 4 condition
5 mark
11 6 manage
1 £5.73 7 Fares
2 3.4% 8 managed
3 700 million 9 borrow
4 3 10 irregular
4 11 suspect
5 825 12 insurance
6 360,000 euros
7 194,000 5 1 as soon as I get paid; when you have
8 2051 the money; after you get the card
2 future
Money, money, money (pages 138-139) 3 present
4 will / can + infinitive
1 Possible answers
a arguments over pocket money, Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
arguments over jobs the teenager does 1 when 6 before
for money in the home, cost of things 2 until 7 As soon as
teenager wants or needs for school, 3 After 8 when
having / not having a job to earn money 4 until 9 as soon as
b bill higher than expected, problems 5 before
sharing the bill, forgetting wallet or
money, credit card not accepted 6
c losing money, being robbed, problems 1 I’m 6 you get
exchanging money or accessing money 2 are you going to do 7 I’ll pay
from banks or bank machines, not 3 arrive 8 I leave
understanding exchange rates 4 I’m going to move 9 We’ll support
d cost of living, cost of childcare, cost of 5 you have 10 I’ll call
clothes and equipment
e only takes cash not cards, haggling over 7 Possible answers
price, paying too much for something 1 cook dinner / have a shower.
f having no cash, needing to call bank, 2 buy a car / go on holiday.
possible cyber theft 3 do another course / go home.
4 travel round the world / go to New
2 York.
1 b The man offers to pay the bill, but he 5 I’m fluent / I pass all the exams.
left his wallet in a jacket; the woman
will pay, but she will need to pay by Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
credit card, if they take them. 1 We’ll obviously discuss the deal with
2 e The price they ask is ridiculously everyone before we’ll make a final
expensive, and there is a mark on it; the decision.
woman doesn’t buy it. 2 (correct)
3 a The teenager wants to buy a car, but 3 We will / can have something to eat when
has no money; the parents offer to pay we get home.
half, and he will borrow the rest from 4 After you’ll register, you’ll be able to
the bank. access your account online.
4 f The credit card has been cancelled 5 (correct)
because of fraud; a new card is being 6 (correct)
sent out and insurance will cover the 7 Inflation will continue to rise until the
stolen money. government does something about it!
8 I will believe in UFOs when I see one with
3 my own eyes! / I won’t believe in UFOs
1 treat until I see one with my own eyes!
2 up
8
1 open
2 take out
3 make
4 change
5 transfer
6 pay
7 cancel
8 charge
10 Possible answers
1 when you get married, or if you live
with other people and share bills
2 to buy a car, to start a business, to
move house
3 if they are charged unfairly, if service is
poor, if money has gone from their
account
4 if they have a new card and they want a
PIN they can remember easily, or if they
think someone has found out their PIN
5 if it is lost or stolen
6 if the goods haven’t been supplied, or
the service hasn’t been carried out
Unit 16 6
Conversation 1: typical (wedding reception
Opener (page 141) music); modern (things – music); full
(dance floor)
1 Possible answers Conversation 2: impressive (place); lovely
It is on the main square (Zócalo) in Mexico (guests); easy to talk to (guests); gorgeous
City. The people are dressed in Aztec (girlfriend)
costume because the festival has its origins Conversation 3: lovely (evening); grilled
in Aztec culture (aubergines); spicy (sauce)
5 5
Conversation 1 The name comes from a word meaning
1 a wedding reception ‘free spirit’. Islam was introduced by the
2 one of the speaker’s oldest friends Arabs.
3 in a castle on the coast Over the next 200 years, the unique
4 amazing venue and excellent music Kazakh culture developed.
Conversation 2 This traditional lifestyle changed during the
1 a housewarming 1800s. This led to fighting and a civil war.
2 a friend of the speaker Kazakhstan became part of the Soviet
3 in a flat in a converted church Union.
4 great at first, warm, friendly people,
then her ex-boyfriend arrived 6
Conversation 3 1 there is only one ninth largest country
1 a dinner party 2 one of several examples – there are
2 the speaker’s other exporters
3 at the speaker’s home 3 one of several and not important which
4 lovely it is – there are other borders
4 the Arabs (there are no others); the eighth A day I’ll never forget (pages 146-147)
century (there was only one)
5 there was only one Soviet Union 2
6 if it is ‘the only thing’ then there is only one Speaker 1: April the 21st, Kartini Day – the
day that Raden Ajeng Kartini was born in
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference 1879
1 a 7 a Speaker 2: the day the speaker spent a
2 the 8 The night in the house where her great-
3 the 9 the grandmother was born
4 a 10 an Speaker 3: June the 25th – the anniversary
5 the 11 the of the day that Michael Jackson died (in
6 the 12 the 2009)
Speaker 4: the day the speaker climbed
7 Mount Kinabalu in Malaysia
1 The best day of my life was the day I got Speaker 5: March the 24th – the
married. (only one special day; we anniversary of the day that the speaker’s
always use the with superlatives) sight was restored
2 The / A day I will never forget is when I
met President Putin. (both possible – 3
The if it is the only day or A if you see it 1 a against sexual discrimination
as one of many days you will never b way to go
forget) 2 a my mum’s side
3 I’ve never seen a whale in the wild, but B a real connection
I’d love to. (there are many whales) 3 a the anniversary of
4 I’d love to go to the United States and b a real tragedy
see the Grand Canyon one day. (we use 4 a in the region
the with some place names that have a B reached the peak
common noun in the name, e.g. the 5 a sight was restored
United Kingdom, the United States, the b thanks to my
Grand Canyon, 185 the Soviet Union)
5 I’m glad to say, I’ve never broken a 5
bone. (we have several bones) Infinitive with to: agree, arrange, decide,
6 The / A left-wing party won the last fail, hope, offer, plan, promise, refuse
election here. (The if there was only -ing form: avoid, can’t stand, consider,
one left-wing party; A if there was more enjoy, finish, mind, miss, practise,
than one left-wing party; there was only recommend
one most recent election) The party’s
leader is quite young. (refers back to Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
the party that won the election) 1 to take
2 to become
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 3 writing
1 He died during the Second World War. 4 speaking
2 I think it’s very important to study the 5 to take, trying
history . 6 working
3 Our friends have a lovely cottage in the 7 to meet
Black Forest. 8 working, to do
4 I’m meeting a friend of mine later.
5 One day I’d love to try and climb the 6
Mount Everest. 1 to change
6 My father is a pilot, so he’s away from 2 to go
home a lot. 3 to be, to buy
7 The Happiness is more important than 4 travelling
money. 5 to have
8 I don’t like the eggs. I don’t know why. I
just don’t.
7 gold / parrots: Columbus brought back
In 1, 3 and 5 the meaning is basically the gold and parrots from the New World
same. the high point: Columbus’s discovery was
In 2, remember + -ing means you have the high point of his life
memories of something that happened in disappointed: Columbus was always
the past (often good or bad memories) but disappointed that he didn’t find a new
remember to phone means you are route to the east the Vikings: reached
reminding yourself or someone else to America 500 years before Columbus
phone in the future.
In 4, the use is comparable to 2. Stopped 3
buying means you used to buy the 1 F (educated people knew this, but not
products before, then stopped. Stopped to everyone)
buy means you were doing something else, 2 T (the King and Queen of Spain had to
then stopped in order to buy something. give him money)
3 T (they were about to give up and turn
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference back)
1 I’ve decided not to go to university. 4 F (it was the island of San Salvador, in
2 (correct) the Bahamas)
3 Do you mind waiting here for a few 5 T (he thought he was in Asia)
minutes? 6 F (he returned three times)
4 I don’t really enjoy shopping for 7 T (he died ‘a disappointed man’
clothes. because he hadn’t found a route to the
5 I spent nine months travelling round east)
Africa. 8 F (he died 14 years later)
6 (correct)
7 (correct) 4
8 I’m considering looking for work 1 to study
overseas. 2 to find
9 (correct) 3 the
10 Sorry we’re so late. We stopped to have 4 to give
lunch on the way. 5 a
11 Can you please stop making so much 6 a, the, the
noise? 7 the
12 (correct) 8 the
Video 8: Columbus And The New World (page Review 8 (page 149)
148)
2 1
spices: Columbus wanted to find a better 1 used 6 a
route to the east to get spices more easily 2 when 7 played
a new route: Columbus wanted to find a 3 in 8 stand
new route to Asia 4 being 9 get
three ships: Columbus took three ships on 5 the 10 a
his voyage 2
a month: after a month at sea the sailors 1 used to go swimming
on the ships wanted to turn back 2 until I’ve discussed
a new continent: when Columbus arrived 3 must remember to call
in the Americas he didn’t know he was on 4 has fallen since
a new continent 5 rising at the moment
Indians: Columbus called the people he 3
met Indians, because he thought he was in 1 taking, to wait
India 2 has fallen
Native Americans: Columbus met native 3 ’m going
Americans – the original people who lived 4 to get, cats
in the Americas 5 I’ll phone, have
6 talking, attention
7 when I was a kid
8 a student, the bills
6
1f 2g 3h 4a 5c 6e 7d 8b
7
banks: cancel my card, charge interest, a
mortgage
historical events: become independent, a
civil war, an empire, establish a city, a
republic
parties: an amazing venue, a buffet, cold
and distant, a housewarming
8
1 into 5 on
2 in 6 over
3 on 7 into
4 by 8 from, to
9
1 set 5 afford
2 launch 6 security
3 economy 7 average
4 unemployment 8 background
WRITING LESSONS
ANSWER KEY
1 ORGANISING IDEAS 3
1 during 2 while 3 when
Student’s Book pages 150–151
4
2 1 during 4 While
1 tiring 5 satisfying 2 When 5 when
2 well-paid 6 technical 3 During 6 when
3 brilliant 7 lonely
4 boring 8 part-time 5
1 the dinner 5 Kaori’s dish
5 2 Scott 6 dish
pressure = being expected to do more than is 3 The restaurant 7 the waiters
comfortable 4 life in California 8 dish
relax = to rest and feel calm
experiment = a test to see how something works, or to 6
try out something new 1 it 6 them
impatient = always wanting to have things done more 2 it 7 her
quickly 3 it 8 it
stressful = causing anxiety and worry 4 mine 9 It
Marta mentions being lonely because she works on her 5 hers 10 one
own a lot. It’s tiring, she often has to work long hours
and she feels under pressure from her bosses. She 7
doesn’t like being in the same place all the time, she 1 obviously 4 amazingly
would like a job where she could get more exercise. 2 unfortunately 5 Sadly
3 luckily 6 Stupidly
6
1 Firstly, I have to 3 PERSONAL PROFILE
2 Secondly, there’s
3 what’s more, it’s tiring
Student’s Book pages 154–155
4 Thirdly, my bosses
5 finally, 2
1 Glynn might be doing a course in Czech, and Maureen
8 is probably doing a course to teach English, and a
Accept any logical suggestions, but the following are course to improve her French.
some ideas about what Luc might enjoy about a job as
a car mechanic: 3
working on cars, repairing cars, mending things, solving 1 As well as is at the start of the sentence. Also is
problems, doing a practical job, working with his directly before the main verb.
colleagues, dealing with customers, not working in 2 As well as is often followed by an -ing form, or it can
an office be followed by a noun. It can come after a clause
(e.g. I speak some Russian as well as speaking Welsh
2 ANECDOTES and English).
Also can be after the subject, or after the auxilliary
Student’s Book pages 152–153 verb if there is one (I am also having … or I also have
French lessons).
2 3 In the first sentence there is a comma before the
Good things: they had a great chat, Scott’s dish was OK, main clause. If the two parts of the sentence were
they changed Kaori’s meal quickly and the new one swapped, there would be no comma. There is no
was nice comma with also.
Bad things: the restaurant was crowded, Kaori’s meal
was awful, the musicians were next to them so they
couldn’t have a conversation, the bill included the
dishes they sent back
190 OUTCOMES
WRITING LESSONS ANSWER KEY
4 4
1 also 4 also 1 Wish you were here
2 As well as 5 As well as 2 Hope you’re all well.
3 also 6 As well as 3 Can’t wait to tell you about it.
4 Here we are in Panama.
5 possible answers 5 Looking forward to seeing you soon.
1 CV or job application 6 Greetings from Greece.
2 to introduce yourself 7 Writing this in a café.
3 introduction to a blog 8 Having a great time here in London.
4 application for a course
5 to introduce yourself 5
6 to introduce yourself 1 Despite
2 although
8 3 although
1 go 4 has 4 Despite
2 doing 5 have visited
3 went 6
1 despite the rain
4 DESCRIBING PLACES 2 Although it was crowded
3 Although we were really tired
Student’s Book pages 156–157 4 despite being really sunny
5 despite having a headache
2
1 b 2 a 3 e 4 d 5 f 6 c 6 PLANS AND SCHEDULES
3
Student’s Book pages 160–161
1 modern 4 polluted
2 humid 5 noisy 1
3 lively 6 green Work with any ideas the students come up with,
depending on their background and work / study
4 experience. The suggested answers below give some
1 d 2 c 3 a 4 b ideas, and the schedule in the email in Exercise 2 also
matches the activities in the pictures.
6
1 really / very 4 a bit a It’s the start of the meeting, the man on the right is
2 really 5 really greeting people, he might be the manager / director.
3 a bit 6 very / really b A woman is giving a presentation to the group. She
may well be describing trends in sales of a product.
8 She might be from the sales department.
1 so 4 because c A brainstorming session, maybe as a follow-up to the
2 because 5 because presentation. The people have split up into groups.
3 so 6 because They might be discussing strategy in light of the
presentation, what we really need to do next is …
5 POSTCARDS d Lunch or dinner after a hard morning’s / day’s work.
They may well now be making small talk, catching up
Student’s Book pages 158–159 with news, or continuing with the brainstorming they
started earlier.
1
All the words are connected to cruises. 2
1 is 6 continue
2 2 meet 7 begin
1 Sarah is enjoying the holiday, she likes seeing lots of 3 starts 8 present
sights and having lots of activities on the ship. Bruce 4 move 9 feed back
is not enjoying it as much, he doesn’t seem to be 5 gives 10 break
enjoying the sightseeing and would prefer to have
more time on his own with Sarah. They both agree 3
that the food is really good. c
3
Bruce might prefer a quiet, relaxing beach holiday.
5 9
1 is 5 break 1 but
2 leaves 6 lasts 2 However
3 don’t land 7 don’t start 3 however
4 does, arrive 8 does, end 4 but
6 8 INVITATIONS
1 until 5 until
2 Then 6 then
Student’s Book pages 164–165
3 until 7 until
4 until, after that 8 after that / then 4
1, 3, 4 show informality; 2 and 5 are used in more
7 COMPLAINTS formal writing.
6
The address of the person writing goes at top right, or
across the top if it is headed writing paper. The address
of the person receiving the letter is at top left, and the
date is below that on the right. A letter starts Dear Sir /
Madam and ends with Yours faithfully when you don’t
know the name of the person you are writing to.
Paragraph 1 states reason for writing.
Paragraphs 2 and 3 outline the history of the problem
and makes a complaint.
Paragraph 4 says what action is expected from the
company, and what action the author will take.
7
1 formal complaint about
2 from your store
3 the following day
4 I was having
5 brand new player
6 after-sales service
192 OUTCOMES