School: Silago National Vocational HS
GRADE 10
DAILY
LESSON PLAN
Teaching Dates & Time:
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards
B. Performance Standards
C. Learning Competencies
D. Learning Objectives
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional Materials from
Learning Resource
(LR)portal
B. Other Learning Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
ELICIT
A. Reviewing previous lesson or
presenting the new lesson
ENGAGE
B. Establishing a purpose for the
lesson
C. Presenting examples/ instances
of the new lesson
EXPLORE
D. Discussing new concepts and
practicing new skills #1
E. Discussing new concepts and
practicing new skills #2
Grade Level: 10
Learning
Teacher: Sharlene Cecil O. Pagobo Area: Science
March 2024 Quarter: 3rd
The learners demonstrate an understanding of how the information stored in DNA
is being used to make proteins.
The learners demonstrate an understanding of how changes in a DNA molecule
may cause changes in its product.
Explain how protein is made using information from DNA. (S10LT-IIId-37)
K: Identify the processes involved in DNA replication and protein synthesis.
S: Illustrate the central dogma of genetic information transfer.
A: Infer why the structure of DNA enables it to be easily copied.
DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation
195-206
269-279
Powerpoint presentation, pictures, animation, video clip
Describe the structure of the DNA.
What is DNA? The molecule that carries genetic information for the development
and functioning of an organism.
What is RNA? RNA is a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is
to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis
of proteins, although in some viruses, RNA rather than DNA carries genetic
information.
Before cell division, the cell’s DNA has to undergo series of duplication.
Do you know how this DNA replicates or copies itself?
*Introduce the Zipper Analogy*
Central Dogma of Transfer of Genetic Information
The central dogma of molecular biology is a
theory stating that genetic information flows
only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to
protein, or RNA directly to protein.
Replication (LM p. 268)
DNA is copied during interphase prior to mitosis and meiosis. It is important that
new copies are exactly like the original molecule. The structure of the DNA
provides a mechanism for making accurate copies of the molecule because each
strand is a complement or a template. The process of making copies of DNA is
called replication. When DNA replicates, two identical copies of DNA molecules
are produced, which are exactly the same as the original.
(Present short clip: DNA replication - 3D https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=TNKWgcFPHqw)
What is the role of DNA & RNA in Protein Synthesis? Before we proceed, let us
talk about the different types of ribonucleic acids and their functions.
There are 3 types of RNA: (LM p. 272)

EXPLAIN
F. Developing mastery.
(Leads to Formative Assessment
3)
ELABORATE
G. Finding practical applications of
concepts and skills in daily
living
H. Making generalizations and
abstractions about the lesson
EVALUATE
I. Evaluating learning
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- transcribes the DNA nucleotide bases to RNA nucleotide bases
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
- binds the mRNA and tRNA to ensure that codons are translated correctly
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
- translates the mRNA codons into the correct amino acids
It is the role of DNA to provide workers with the instructions for making the
proteins, and the workers build the proteins. Other workers known as amino acids,
bring parts to the factory. RNA molecules or the workers for protein synthesis get
the instructions from the DNA on how the protein should be assembled.
There are two stages of protein synthesis: (From DNA to protein - 3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA; Transcription (DNA to mRNA)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zyb8bpGMR0 )
1. Transcription - The process wherein the DNA sequence of a gene is "rewritten"
using RNA nucleotides. It occurs inside the nucleus and is the first step in gene
expression. In transcription stage, the DNA unzips through the help of enzymes
called RNA polymerases. They combine nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using
one of the DNA strands as a template).
2. Translation - It is where the codes in the messenger RNA are translated to a
polypeptide that contains a specific series of amino acids. Amino acid bonds with
each other to form polypeptides which make up proteins. In translation, each set of
three nucleotides in an mRNA molecule codes for one amino acid in a protein.
This explains why each set of three nucleotides in the mRNA is called a codon.
 Start Codons: AUG (starts the translation stage)
 Stop Codons: UAG, UGA, UAA (stops the translation stage).
Each codon specifies a particular amino acid. For example, the first codon,
cytosine-guanine-uracil (CGU), instructs the ribosome to put the amino acid arg
(arginine) in the protein. The sequence of codons in the mRNA determines the
sequence of amino acids in the protein.
a. Initiation - the ribosome sandwiches the mRNA between its small and large
subunit to be translated. The first codon that will be read is AUG that is called
the start codon, and consequently codes for the amino acid methionine.
b. Elongation - where the amino acid chain gets longer. In this stage,
messenger RNA reads one codon at a time. Then, the amino acid corresponding
to each codon is added to a growing polypeptide chain.
c. Termination
(Introduce and present the Genetic Code Table)
Perform Activity 5 in L.M. pp. 280-281 “Trace the Code” (partial only)
 Why does the structure of DNA enable it to be easily copied?
 Ask the students how the structure of DNA molecule help account for the
great variety of life exists on earth.
 What is the role of RNA in making proteins in the cell?
 A construction worker brings hollow blocks to build a wall. What part of
translation resembles the construction worker’s job? What do hollow blocks
represent?
Summarize the steps in DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter only of the correct answer.
1. The following is the base sequence on one strand of a DNA molecule:
AATGCCAGTGGT
If this strand is replicated, which of the following is the complementary strand that is
produced?
A. T C G T C C G T C T A G C. T T A C G G T C A C C A
B. A G C A G G C A G G G T D. U C G U C C U C U A G A
2. What happens to the DNA during transcription?
A. The DNA unzips. B. The DNA does not unzip.
3. Which enzyme unzips the DNA?
A. mRNA B. RNA polymerase
 4. What happens after the DNA is unzipped?
A. The mRNA connects the DNA together. B. The mRNA copies the DNA
template.
5. What are “start codons” for?
A. To start the transcription stage. B. To start the translation stage.
6. Why does the newly synthesized mRNA go out of the nucleus after transcription?
A. The next phase in protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.
B. The nucleus cannot accommodate the newly synthesized mRNA.
7. What happens after the mRNA goes out of the nucleus?
A. The codons are translated to produce proteins.
B. The codons are transcribed from amino acids.

II. Illustrate. Illustrate the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. (3 points)

EXTEND Answer the following:
J. Additional activities for
application or remediation

A. REMARKS
B. REFLECTION Sardonyx Opal Sunstone Onyx
A. No. of learners who earned 80% on
the formative assessment
B. No. of learners who require
additional activities for remediation.

C. Did the remedial lessons work?

No. of learners who have caught
up with the lesson.
D. No. of learners who continue to
require remediation
E. Which of my teaching strategies
worked well? Why did these work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter
which my principal or supervisor
can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized
materials did I use/discover which I
wish to share with other teachers?

Prepared by: Checked by:

Sharlene Cecil O. Pagobo Benjie Mae C. Gomez

Pre-Service Teacher Cooperating Teacher
BSEd – Science 4 Special Science Teacher I
SLSU-HC Science 10