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Communications and Networking: 12Th International Conference, Chinacom 2017, Xi'An, China, October 10-12, 2017, Proceedings, Part Ii Bo Li
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237
Communications
and Networking
12th International Conference, ChinaCom 2017
Xi’an, China, October 10–12, 2017
Proceedings, Part II
Part 2
123
Lecture Notes of the Institute
for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics
and Telecommunications Engineering 237
Editorial Board
Ozgur Akan
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Paolo Bellavista
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Jiannong Cao
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Geoffrey Coulson
Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Falko Dressler
University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Domenico Ferrari
Università Cattolica Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
Mario Gerla
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
Hisashi Kobayashi
Princeton University, Princeton, USA
Sergio Palazzo
University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Sartaj Sahni
University of Florida, Florida, USA
Xuemin Sherman Shen
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Mircea Stan
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
Jia Xiaohua
City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Albert Y. Zomaya
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8197
Bo Li Lei Shu
•
Communications
and Networking
12th International Conference, ChinaCom 2017
Xi’an, China, October 10–12, 2017
Proceedings, Part II
123
Editors
Bo Li Deze Zeng
Northwestern Polytechnical University China University of Geosciences
Xi’an Wuhan, Hubei
China China
Lei Shu
Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
Guangzhou
China
© ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2018
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Preface
February 2018 Bo Li
Organization
Steering Committee
Imrich Chlamtac EAI/Create-Net, Italy
Hsiao-Hwa Chen National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Ya-Bin Ye Huawei Europe Research Center
Zheng Zhou Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
China
Bo Li Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
SAR China
Andreas F. Molisch University of South California, USA
Jun Zheng Southeast University, China
Zhi-Feng Zhao Zhejiang University, China
Organizing Committee
General Chair
Bo Li Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
General Co-chairs
Pinyi Ren Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Yunsong Li Xidian University, China
Chilian Chen China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, China
TPC Chair
Lei Shu EAI China Office, China/Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology,
China/University of Lincoln, UK
TPC Co-chairs
Shuai Wan Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Lin Zhang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
China
Song Xiao Xidian University, China
Local Chair
Zhongjiang Yan Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
VIII Organization
Workshop Co-chairs
Lijun Qian Prairie View A&M University, USA
Daji Qiao Iowa State University, USA
Publications Chair
Deze Zeng China University of Geosciences, China
Web Chair
Mao Yang Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Panels Chair
Lei Wang Dalian University of Technology, China
Tutorials Chair
Weipeng Jing Northeast Forestry University, China
Demos Chairs
Yuanfang Chen Guangdong University of Petrochemical University, China
Jianhua Zhang China Academy of Space Technology (CAST),
Xi’an Branch, China
Conference Manager
Dominika Belisova European Alliance for Innovation (EAI)
A Simplifying Logic Approach for Gate Level Information Flow Tracking. . . 302
Yu Tai, Wei Hu, Dejun Mu, Baolei Mao, Lantian Guo, and Maoyuan Qin
4 Performance Analysis
The number of dead nodes and the energy consumption between traditional LEACH
algorithm and RA-EAS algorithm are simulated to verify the effectiveness of RA-EAS
algorithm. The experimental parameters [14] in the simulation environment are shown
in Table 1.
100 nodes are randomly distributed in WSN network area which area is 100 m
100 m. Figure 3 shows the distribution of nodes in this network area, and the origin of
Cartesian coordinate system is the known base station location.
100
90
80
Network area Y-axis/m
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Network area X-axis/m
Figure 4 gives the comparison between the number of network death nodes and the
rounds of selection in LEACH algorithm and EA-RAS algorithm. The network life
cycle is defined as the dead time of the first network node. The first death node in the
LEACH algorithm network in Fig. 4 appears in 946 rounds, while the RA-EAS
algorithm appears in 1189 rounds. The RA-EAS algorithm prolongs the lifetime of the
network system by 26% compared with the LEACH algorithm. This is because the
10 Y. Zhang et al.
100
LEACH
90
RA-EAS
80
60
50
40
30
20
10 X: 946 X: 1189
Y: 0 Y: 0
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Number of rounds/r
Fig. 4. The comparison between the number of network death nodes and the rounds of selection
LEACH algorithm selects the cluster head randomly, but the RA-EAS algorithm has
taken into account the current node’s own energy and density in the selection of cluster
head, makes that the preferably nodes become cluster heads.
Figure 5 shows the comparison between the number of surviving nodes in the
network and the rounds of selection in the cluster. It can be seen that the nodes in
RA-EAS algorithm begin to die are later than that in LEACH algorithm, so that the
RA-EAS algorithm prolongs the network life cycle than LEACH algorithm.
100
LEACH
90
RA-EAS
80
Number of surviving nodes/n
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Number of rounds/r
Fig. 5. The comparison between the number of surviving nodes and the rounds of selection
Tyttö nauroi.
Kuinka niin?
— Nytkö jo? — kysyi mies valittaen ja katsoi kirjaan, jota tyttö piti
kädessään.
Laiha mies lähestyi hitaasti veräjää, joka johti kadulle, mutta tuskin
oli hän puolitiehen päässyt, kun hänet pidätti kovaääninen huuto,
joka kuului talosta:
— Isä! isä!
Przyjemski myhäili.
— Isä menee toimistoonsa ja sisar neulomoon… Kylläpä tuo
Benedikt on ovela mies. »Hanki heistä tietoja» sanoin hänelle eilen
— ja tänä aamuna tiesin kaikki mitä tarvitsin. Kolmekymmentä ruplaa
kuukaudessa — todellakin, noilla ihmisparoilla mahtanee olla lihavat
päivät! Mutta tietysti runoileminen vatsa tyhjänä kuuluu idylliin.
Syödä kovaa leipää ja kävellä mukanaan runoja korissa…
Sen mies pian saikin tietää. Klaara tuli ulos kuistin portaille,
kantaen raskasta esinettä käsissään. Przyjemski kumartui paremmin
nähdäkseen ja huomasi hänen kantavan pientä sankoa, jonka
sisällyksen tyhjensi tuuhean omenapuun alle jonkun matkaa
asumuksesta. Hänen molemmat hihansa olivat kyynärpäitä myöten
käärityt. Kun hän tuli takaisin tyhjine sankoineen, näytti hänellä
olevan keittiö esiliina edessä.
— Varmaankin hän pesee jotakin. Säälittää sentään tuo hieno
olento… eikä niin tyhmäkään! Mitä hän eilen lausui parisilaisesta
jumalanäidinkuvasta, oli oikein kaunista, tosiaankin oikein kaunista.
Lehtimaja oli hänen, hänellä oli oikeus siinä istua mielin määrin ja
tuliko herra sinne, oli yhdentekevää.
Tyttö tunsi itsensä iloiseksi päätöksen tehtyään, niin että hän heti
kiiruhti kori kädessä ovelle ja hyräili: »Tralalalalaa».
— Mutta isäsi?
Hän ompeli yhtämittaa, mutta kun kello oli lyönyt yhdeksän, heitti
hän työn käsistään ja meni ulos kuistin sillalle. Häntä oli ulos
houkutellut köynnöskasvien hiljainen kahina pitkin tietä ja tähdet,
jotka tuikkivat hänen ikkunaansa.
Kaiken tuon: metsän ja parin näki hän niin selvästi kuin päivällä,
mutta hänen sielunsa pimeni. Silloin kaikui äkkiä sametin hieno,
hieman pitkäveteinen ääni:
Alussa ei Klaara käsittänyt, mitä mies sanoi, niin kovin sykki hänen
sydämensä, mutta hän oli kumminkin sen verran hereillä, että käski
miehen istuutua kapealle penkille.
— Ketkä?