EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN SHAPING GEN Z

IDENTITY AND SELF-EXPRESSION

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Tanauan, Leyte

In Fulfillment of the Requirements

in Practical Research I

Christian Andrew P. Albao

Princess Baby Jonah Andrada
Neil Raver Balmes
Nathaniel D. Jimenez
Adelyn Labita
Dace M. Ligutan
Gwyneth Arabhella P. Salazar
Jenrex C. Semella
Angelica Marie Zabala

GRADE 11 NOBEL

May 2024
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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical

Research 1, this research paper entitled “EXPLORING THE ROLE OF
SOCIAL MEDIA IN SHAPING GENZ IDENTITY AND SELF-
EXPRESSION” has been prepared and submitted by CHRISTIAN ANDREW
P. ALBAO, PRINCESS, NEIL RAVER BALMES, NATHANIEL D. JIMENEZ,
ADELYN LABITA, DACE M. LIGUTAN, GWYNETH ARABHELLA P.
SALAZAR, JENREX C. SEMELLA, AND ANGELICA MARIE ZABALA, who
are recommended for Oral Examination.

May 16, 2024 JONAS M. CABUSBUSAN, EdD

Date Research Adviser
______________________________________________________________________

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a rating of

PASSED.

IRENE B. CARIÑO
Chairperson

JERIC M. LOGROSA NESTY KEITH S. ROA

Member Member

_____________________________________________________________________
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the subject Practical
Research 1 requirements.

May 16, 2024 OTHNIEL M. OLINO, MAEd

Date Secondary School Principal II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Throughout the period of conducting this study, countless of people have

offered their time, support and enduring dedication for the accomplishment of the said

study. Through this, the researchers would like to extend their deepest and sincerest

gratitude to those who have helped to make this research become a success.

Firstly, the researchers send their genuine appreciation to Mr. Jonas M.

Cabusbusan for his supervision, enlightenments, guidance and teaching that have

eminently helped the researchers succeed in conducting the study. Without his

supervision and presence, the study would have declined down to its failure.

The researchers would also like to thank the school head Mr. Othniel M. Olino

for allowing us to conduct this study.

Moreover, the researchers would like to extend their gratitude to the participants

from the Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries who kind-heartedly,

cooperatively, and took their time to complete the questionnaire. Without your help,

this study would not be accomplished.

Furthermore, the researchers would like to thank their families and friends,

especially their parents for their outmost support that provided the researchers their

needs on the materials that were needed to make this study a possibility.

Most importantly, the researchers would like to thank the Lord who has given

them the strength and guidance to make this study possible.

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ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the study is to determine the role of social media on the

identity and self-expression of Generation Z specifically among the Grade 11 STEM in

Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries. Using the qualitative

interpretive phenomenology approach, the study was conducted at Tanauan School of

Craftsmanship and Home Industries located at Brgy. Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte under

the Division of Leyte. The researcher employed a purposive sampling method in

selecting the research participants. There were five students used in the study. The data

were gathered using the validated semi-structured interview. In addition, Focused

Group Discussion is utilized to triangulate the data from the respondents. The findings

showed that Gen Z utilize different platforms on social media in order to say what they

are. They mentioned that sharing their thoughts and feelings online is easier compared

to doing that in reality. Dummy accounts and shared posts are some of the tools that let

them express themselves more freely. It means that social media also influences how

they communicate with others thus self-expression better than face-to-face

conversations. They observed that typing their thoughts on social media platforms is

much easier than talking about them directly. However, they can be whoever they want

without fearing of judgements being made against them; hence humor, shared posts or

just ranting as ways of managing emotions. They have learned themselves better

through this type of communication online.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET....................................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER I.................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................1
Background and Its Context.....................................................................................................................1
Statement of the Problem.........................................................................................................................4
Significance of the Study.........................................................................................................................5
Scope and Delimitations...........................................................................................................................5
Theoretical Framework............................................................................................................................6
Definition of Key Terms..........................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER II................................................................................................................................................9
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...............................................................................................9
CHAPTER III.............................................................................................................................................18
METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................................18
Research Design.....................................................................................................................................18
Research Participants.............................................................................................................................18
Sampling Procedure...............................................................................................................................18
Research Instruments.............................................................................................................................19
Validation of Instruments.......................................................................................................................20
Data Gathering Procedure......................................................................................................................21
Data Analysis Procedure........................................................................................................................21
Ethical Consideration.............................................................................................................................22
Reflexivity..............................................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER IV............................................................................................................................................24
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................................................................................24
Emerging Themes..................................................................................................................................24
Discussion..........................................................................................................................................33
CHAPTER 5...............................................................................................................................................34
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................................................34
Summary............................................................................................................................................34
Conclusions........................................................................................................................................36
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Recommendations..............................................................................................................................37
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................39
APPENDIX A............................................................................................................................................45
APPENDIX B............................................................................................................................................46
APPENDIX C............................................................................................................................................48
APPENDIX D
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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background and Its Context

Social media is a technological device that assists individuals, communities, and

groups in communicating, connecting, interacting, and developing networks (Tuten &

Solomon, 2015). Fast improvements in technology and communication have gradually

improved communication through the Internet or social media, making it an important

part of people’s present lives. Social media contains digital platforms and applications

where users can make, exchange, and interact with content within online spaces and

networks. Social media platforms enable various kinds of communication, such as text,

images, videos, and audio, allowing individuals and groups to interact globally. Social

media offers the fastest and most convenient way to gather and convey information.

Millions of individuals and growing groups are associated together through the internet,

frequently growing and developing. As the internet becomes progressively accessible,

there is a growing number of people using social media platforms. According to Data

Portal (2024), as of January 2024, the global social media user count reached 5.04

billion, representing 62.3% of the world’s total population. Moreover, a total of 56.4

million Generation Z has been recorded, and expected to rise by the year 2027

(eMarketer, 2024).

Social media has become the primary platform for GenZ to communicate and

explore their identities. Studies have shown that the Generation Z demographic

demonstrates a distinct pattern of consumption that revolves around using brands to

express themselves. (Goldring & Azab, 2020). ). Gen Z, often known as the 12- to 27-
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year-old demographic, is highly exposed to social media because they have greater

access to technology and the internet than any previous generation. In a time when

virtually anything can be done online, including shopping, education, communication,

hobbies, and interpersonal relationships, it’s critical to understand how social media

affects Gen Z’s identity and self-expression in light of how they are portrayed online.

Moreover, it would be necessary to research the influence relation between self-

expression and identity satisfaction of online activity and continuous online activity

intention (Davies, Kirvesmies, Puiu, Tunsakul, Gen, Wansi, 2020). Determining the

impact of social media on Gen Z’s identity and self-expression is crucial. They are

considered the epitome of the online generation; the internet permeates every aspect of

their lives. It has recently come to light that they are mostly using Weibo, Facebook,

Instagram, YouTube, online shopping, and online purchasing to convey their ideas and

identities (Choi, 2015). Gen Z is actively using digital technology for identification and

self-expression in this way. They want online social relationships to acknowledge and

understand their thoughts and feelings (Ahn, Cho, Kim, 2021).

In addition to being a place for connections and information sharing, Gen Z

views the Internet as a platform for self-expression (Oh, Moon, Ayuni, 2019). This

distinguishes them from previous generations in how they proudly showcase their

identity. Using Facebook and Instagram to compare oneself to others is closely related

to the connection between the need for self-expression and identity, and the role that

social media serves in self-promotion (Taylor and Strutton, 2016). From this viewpoint,

Gen Z, also called the “ideal internet generation,” utilizes their consumption habits to

showcase their identities online and convey their true selves to others. In an era where
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almost everything is possible to do on the internet, such as shopping, learning,

connecting with others, pursuing interests, and building relationships, it’s important to

analyze the impact of social media on Gen Z’s sense of self and self-expression

considering their online portrayal.

In our generation which is the generation z social media platforms has become

one of the important things in our lives. Social media is beneficial in our lives in terms

of connecting us with our love ones who is far from us on the other hand it has also

given numerous types of issues such as comparison and self-esteem to filtered realities,

cyberbullying, digital addiction, and privacy concerns. These challenges are significant

to understand as Generation Z shape their identity and navigate their lives to interact

with the world around them. Challenges in their journey of self-discovery and self-

expression is crucial but by acknowledging and understanding these issues, we can help

and support generation z to come out from their comfort zone to let them feel that there

is nothing to be concerned about their safety in online platforms and to let them feel

safe that they are safe while using social media.

Gen Z has grown up with technology, so they tend to be more skilled at using

social media and more aware of how technology impacts their lives. These

characteristics create a unique dynamic in Gen Z interactions on social media. They

seek a balance between self-expression, social interaction, and awareness of social

issues in an ever-evolving digital environment. A deeper understanding of how social

media influences Generation Z’s interpersonal interactions, and self-expression

processes is essential to confronting these changes. Apart from that, consuming content

on social media also affects their self-image. Along with selective curation of the lives
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they show, Generation Z tends to compare their own lives to the images presented by

others on these platforms. This often results in feelings of inadequacy or lack of

satisfaction with oneself.

It’s crucial to recognize these issues and promote healthy social media habits

among generation Z individuals. Encouraging digital literacy, open conversations about

the impact of social media, and setting boundaries for online usage can help lessen

these challenges.

Consequently, GenZs are most likely to be present in social media, which means

that social media significantly helps them in their self-identity and expression. Based on

the researcher’s reading there are no clear studies on the role of social media in GenZs

identity and self-expression, therefore, it is suitable for research about the “Role of

social media in shaping GenZ identity and self-expression”. Through this, there is a

need to study the connection between self-expression and identity satisfaction in online

behavior and the intention to engage in online activities continuously. It is important to

assess the effect of social media on the identity and self-expression of Generation Z.

Statement of the Problem

The development of social media had an immense influence on individuals’ way

of expressing themselves and their identities, especially the GenZs. Therefore, this

study aims to examine the role of social media on self-expression and identity

formation among GenZs in the Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries.

1. How do social media platforms affect the formation and development of self-identity

and self-expression among Gen Zs in TSCHI?

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2. What are the experiences of Gen Z in making social media a way of self-identity and

self-expression?

3. What are the challenges of Gen Z in shaping their self-identity and self-expression on

social media?

Significance of the Study

Students. They can recognize the importance of social media in shaping their identity

and self-expression.

Teachers. This will help them enhance the teaching-learning environment among

students.

Parents. The parents will be more aware of their responsibilities in sending and caring

for their children both at home and in school.

Future Researchers. Find more emerging trends in Gen Z’s social media behavior, and

how they express their selves. The study could also assist in creating a new beginning

for future researchers to travel over new questions and provide more insights of the

relationship between social media and Gen Z’s behavior.

Scope and Delimitations

The location of this study will be in the Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and

Home Industries. In terms of Generation Z students’ self-expression and identity

construction, the research will be based on the impacts made by different social media

platforms. The study will examine various social media platforms that have both

positive aspects as well as negative outcomes about the personal and societal identities

of Generation Z students.
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It should not consider other age brackets in the school or outside. It should only

consider what is happening at present and in recent years without delving into the

historical background concerning Myspace or identity formation processes. It will not

focus on other factors influencing one’s self-expression and identity such as cultural,

familial, and economic dimensions unless they are directly linked to social media

within the context of this study. Lastly, it will take place only in TSCHI so the result

may not be applicable in larger areas or societies outside the designated school area.

Theoretical Framework

Social Identity Theory

This study is anchored by the theoretical support of Social Identity Theory (SIT)

by Tajfel and Turner (1986). It starts by suggesting that people create their own

identities in social groups, which helps maintain and strengthen self-identity. SIT states

that individuals derive part of their self-identity from the groups they belong to. The

theory can be categorized into two interconnected parts: personal self-identity and

interpersonal self-identity. Self-identity distinguishes one individual from others within

a social group. Groups define our identities and boundaries (Scheepers & Ellemers,

2019, p. 3)

In the context of GenZ self-identity and expression through social media, this

theory suggests that individuals use social media platforms to assert and reinforce their

social identities by aligning with specific groups or communities, sharing content that

reflects their values, beliefs, and interests, and seeking validation and recognition from

others within those groups.

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Psychosocial Development and Social Media Use Theory

The Psychosocial Development and Social Media Use Theory by Arian

Karimitar describes that from early adolescence to emerging adulthood, an individual

develops vital constructs of the human psyche, including self-concept (in early

adolescence) and identity (in later adolescence) (Sponcil & Gitimu, 2013). Nowadays,

adolescents use social media to fulfill their developmental needs, such as “intimacy,

self-expression, and identity exploration”. Social media can serve a vital function in the

formation of adolescents’ self-concept by affecting who they want to be (internally,

through the process of self-definition) and how they want to reach this goal (externally,

through the process of validation by others).

Arnett (2000) also explained the formation of identity during emerging

adulthood as when an individual is exploring who they are and making life-long

decisions based on peers’ feedback. Similarly, perceiving approval and support from

significant others in the media can play an essential role in shaping identity

construction. The social context of adolescents has expanded by the creation of digital

media technologies, which increases the awareness of youths about their interpersonal

relationships and their associated roles in different social backgrounds. In this respect,

the findings of Valkenburg and Peter (2008, 2009, 2011), Sponcil and Gitimu (2013),

Khan et al. (2016), Ward (2004), and Davis (2013) help to form a theory-driven

conceptual model to elaborate the role of social media communication and actual social

connectedness on adolescents’ psychosocial development (identity formation, sexual

self, and psychological wellbeing).

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Definition of Key Terms

The following terms were defined according to how they were being used in the study:

Gen Z- is the name given to the generation of people born between 1997 and 2012.

Self-Identity- is the identity they form about themselves, affected by various factors,

such as self-esteem, one’s social identity, and the role which one plays in their society.

Self-Expression- it is about communicating your individuality.

Social Media- an online platform where people spend their time the most, share their

thoughts and opinions, do things for entertainment and also for school and work

purposes.
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researchers will present relevant literature connected with the

study of the role of social media on self-identity and self-expression among GenZs in

TSCHI. This will provide an in-depth analysis of existing research about social media

on GenZs identity and expression. Additionally, this chapter will help others,

particularly our co-researchers of the same topic, to know more about the study. This

research aims to investigate and discover. This section includes both foreign and

domestic references.

According to Chen, L (2008), social media allows people to express themselves,

both organizational structures and non-professional users look for people who have

common emotions, thoughts, and opinions with themselves by sharing on social

communication platforms and they turn into an active power by constituting a

community with like-minded users. Social media can be a great way to express

themselves to showcase creativity and individuality but it’s still important to be careful

and to be aware of what they share online. They also need to be aware of the potential

consequences, both good and bad. They also need to make sure that social media helps

in healthily express themselves, not harming them (Dreckett, 2022). As mentioned by

Chen (2023) social media helps users to show their ability to its extent, these media

platforms progressively evolve them to an individual who can proudly display

themselves. As a result of social media people have developed a broader understanding

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of themselves and dissolved the barrier that is stopping them from embracing

themselves.

Moreover, social media has become an integral part of the daily lives of

Generation Z which refers to the young people born between the mid-1990s and 2009,

they are considered to be the first generation with a digital society and view digital

technologies as the foundation of their lives (Dimock, 2019). Being born in the age of

social media, Gen Z is a digitally native generation in the world of social media. They

take the opportunities presented by technology and value and respect the power of

social connectivity (Team S, 2024).

Consequently, Pandit (2015) found out that Gen Z born in advanced age and they

developed up online. Their sees, personalities, as well as mindsets have all been

especially included with innovation. The birth of Generation Z happened at the same

time as the development or popularity of social media. Since they’ve grown up with the

presence of social media, almost all of them are using social media. They began to join

trends and follow what other people’s doing. People will depend on what they see on

social media. Their identity, in particular, is created by social media.

Along with, a study by Livingston (2018) revealed that compared with other

generations, Gen Z grew up in the age of smartphones and internet access, and hence

they are more connected to these. By the digital environment fostering a unique

relationship with social media, for generations z, social media habitus are associated

with their characteristics as being digital natives, as well as how their social media

engagements are associated with digital social inequalities (Gentina, 2020).

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Furthermore, Simon (2022) found out that for Gen Z 18-24-year-olds, social

media facilitates a new form of self-expression and creativity that empowers them to be

their truest self. However, when Gen Z feels socially isolated and anxious, they are

more likely to share personal information on social media (Lyngdoh, T., El Manstrly,

D., & Jeesha, K. 2023). The pressure of fostering relationships and the fear of missing

out (FOMO) can lead to social media fatigue or even anxiety (Manu S., Deepak K. &

Sudhanshu J. 2023).

Likewise, Szabó D. & Dani E. (2022) revealed that smartphones and social

media worked as a status symbol of Gen Z, this study highlights the role of

smartphones in shaping identity and self-expression through this social media platform

(Szabó D. & Dani E. 2022). As social media continues to develop, its long-term

psychosocial impacts will start to show more clearly. Social media has shown to be a

useful tool for communication in terms of interacting with one another and sharing

information (Andreana N.2020).

The utility and use of social media in society has expanded due to the pandemic

crisis. Increased use of social and digital media has an impact on users’ mental and

emotional well-being. Emotional well-being demonstrates the ability to communicate

and control feelings, assessing Gen Z’s mental and emotional state both before and after

the epidemic. Pre-pandemic and post-pandemic mental and emotional health situations

differ, and social media use generally has an impact on Gen Z’s mental and emotional

well-being (Kannan, L., & Kumar, T. P. 2022).

In addition, the newest generation, known as Generation Z, is the best at using

social media and technology. While it is difficult to interpret in-person social signs due
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to their lack of social skills, they are also the best at forming closer relationships online

(Veronica G. 2019). The present investigation offers new insights on social media

habits plus fulfillments of Gen Z along with the effect of financial resources on these

variables (Qingqing H., Xue H., & Pan H. 2022).

In contrary, Goorin J. & Baumgarten (2023) revealed that a lot of several studies

have verified that social media has been identified as a useful tool in promoting

awareness and acceptance among Gen Z, and the importance of representation and

molding their thoughts regarding personal identity. Social media plays an important

role in the development of identity and self-expression, especially during adolescence.

(Tovar, M., Rosillo, M., Spaniardi, A. 2023). Due to spending a large portion of their

life in front of screens, Generation Z has developed particular communication habits.

Moreover, a survey conducted by cloud mobile solutions provider LivePerson

(2012) found that Generation Z prefers to communicate online over in-person

interactions. Their desire for quick communication may have also been influenced by

their upbringing with lightning-fast upload and internet connections. (2019, Notre

Dame Maryland University, NDMU). For teenagers who have friends in the real world,

social media is an extension of those relationships, and for those who find it difficult to

make friends in person, it offers countless opportunities for peer connection. Important

friendship traits, such as self-disclosure, validation, companionship, and instrumental

support, can happen offline and online in equally fulfilling and productive ways.

However, there is a lack of information regarding the consequences of conflict and how

to resolve it online. Another important conclusion was that using digital gadgets by
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parents when their adolescent children are around can negatively impact the

adolescents’ emotional health and attachment to their parents. (Maria, E. N. 2020)

Additionally, Era Z’s (gen z) sharing of individual data on social media could be

a developing circumstance with critical result (Lyngdoh et al., 2023). Generation Z has

become close to social media, especially these days. Until it reaches the point where

they depend on what they see on social media, they will copy what other people are

doing, like sharing their personal information. They start sharing their personal

information, like their name, address, and contact number, without thinking about the

risk that is waiting for them. Sharing personal information on social media can also

cause risk or danger. A lot of people are also sharing their personal information, not just

Generation Z.

Whereas, according to Kahraman (2020), A life without the Internet is almost

unthinkable. Lot of people especially generation Z spent their time on social media.

Many people also said that they cannot live without internet. Almost all people on the

planet grew up and know internet. We got used to have an internet in our lives, we

cannot just erase internet in our lives. Especially generation z uses social media a lot of

time. It became a habit to them of using social media.

All these concepts and ideas about the role of social media on self-expression

and identity of Genz had served as the foundations of the study.

Gen z influence by the social media provide positive aspects like, creativity,

learning, and connections. Also has negative impacts like, addiction, cyber bullying,

misinformation, pressure to conform, and privacy concerns. The findings suggest

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support young people and mental health resources, digital literacy, and for stronger

regulation for accountable and safe using of social media. (Karla, V., F. 2023)

Also, a study of Griffrin (2022) revealed that students in gen z are rely a lot on

social media platforms such as Instagram, Tiktok, Youtube, and Facebook. Gen z

students in college when come to selecting process, video content is vital. Social media

has remarkable effect on college choices by Gen Z students.

In addition, Lisa C. (2019) argued that social media platforms use by gen z as

their main source and new information. Gen z actively taking part by sharing,

commenting, and interacting with news related post on social media. The findings show

while interacting to news and online information, set of individuals show some type of

critical thinking and decision-making process. Efran et. Al., (2022) found out that to

gain a greater understanding of how social media effects on gen z well-being, a study

about explores at number of an issues such as physical and mental health and the

advantages and disadvantages of social media addiction.

According to Fresh Essays (2023) the impact of social media on Generation Z

is covered along with how it might lead to a bad self-image. Also, it looks at the

advantages of social networking, such meeting people who share your interests and by

keeping up with current events. The findings suggest that the social media can help

younger people, but it also can harm their self-esteem.

Moreover, Sharma et al (2023) revealed that the adverse effects of social media

on Generation Z users are examined along with how government information support

helps to mitigate these effects. The findings suggest that social media addiction and
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information overload that can lead behavior issues such anxiety, stress, fatigue and also

fear of missing out. Research has shown that government information support can

effectively reduce of feeling fatigue and anxiety. Interactions in social media and its

effect online interaction with others are observed by various generations, including gen

z. According to findings gen z is the most equipped to navigate social media and build

more connections, but it can struggle with in person social skills. (Veronica G. 2019)

Consequently, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Messenger are some of the

social media platforms that allow people to create online personas or identities, share

content, and interact with others on the internet. These types of platforms are gaining

more popularity since they allow users to instantly share ideas, things, or pictures with

their friends and followers. People use social media to make friends and develop

identities which has led to diverse online interactions and new ways of communication

being adopted. Apart from entertainment purposes, the internet can also be used as

infotainment i.e., a combination of information and entertainment that changes people’s

perception of reality (U. Gündüz, 2017). According to Florida Atlantic University

(2021), individuals who find it hard to socialize have found an easy way through social

media to express themselves to become better at communication skills and thereby

discover their own identity.

However, Generation Z smartphones and consistent networks have become

essential parts of the lives of today’s youth. While social media platforms provide

diverse benefits to society, they also have bad effects on youth, one of them is self-

image. Clinical Therapists from Loma Linda University Behavioral Health lead the

Adolescent Partial Hospital Program, together, they tear down the impact of social
 16

media on the self-image and mental well-being of young individuals. (The Impacts of

social media on Youth Self-image | News, 2023b). Social media plays a central part in

cutting-edge society, impacting how individuals get to data, discover amusement and

develop their personalities (Hajli, 2014; Herring and Kapidzic, 2015). Inquire about

demonstrates that social media utilize can hurt mental well-being due to online social

comparisons (Tiggeman and Zaccardo, 2015; Liu and Baumeister, 2016; Verduyn et al.,

2017). Visit clients tend to see others as more joyful and more effective (de Vries et al.,

2017; Midgley et al., 2021). This recognition is intensified by a social media inspiration

predisposition (Schreurs and Vandenbosch, 2021), a tendency where people specifically

show excessively positive self-images online. This can be especially apparent on

platforms where symbolism can be utilized to form an apparently true self-image

(Chime, 2019).

Already, social media utilize has been related with negative mental

outcomes—mediated by social comparisons—such as lower life fulfillment, expanded

forlornness, and body-image concerns (Lup et al., 2015; Tiggeman and Zaccardo, 2015;

Liu and Baumeister, 2016; Appel et al., 2020; Pedalino and Camerini, 2022). Be that as

it may, ponders on the relationship between social media utilize and self-esteem appear

blended comes about, with a few findings negative (Tiggeman and Zaccardo, 2015; Liu

and Baumeister, 2016), whereas others note positive (Gonzales and Hancock, 2011) or

non-significant associations (Liu and Baumeister, 2016; Appel et al., 2020). Social

media users confront a pressure between showing themselves in an idealized or

authentic way. One of the main reasons that affects the young individual’s self-image is

through the broad idealized and often unattainable standard of beauty. Social media
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platforms are overflowed with many curated profiles showing perfect lives, flawless

appearances and ideal bodies. This type of exposure to picture of apparently perfect

individuals can lead youth individuals to create unrealistic expectations about their own

appearances and life achievements. Comparing oneself to other people lead us to feel

inadequacy, lowered self-esteem, and indeed a body dysmorphia. (Smulowitz, 2019).

The proliferation of social media has moreover fueled the requirement for

approval and social approval among young individuals. The number of likes,

comments, and adherents has gotten to a degree of self-worth, increasing the weight to

display an idealized form of oneself online. The want for outside approval can lead to

the selection of unfortunate behaviors such as uncontrolled self-promotion, looking for

consideration through provocative pictures or posts, and indeed turning to online

bullying or negative comparisons to others. (Smulowitz, 2019).

In addition, social media platforms have also become a way of bullying. Reports

show 16% of high school students experience bullying online. Cyberbullying and

online harassment have a huge impact on young individuals’ self-esteem, leading to

feelings of worthlessness, depression, and anxiety. Steady exposure to such negativity

can make a poisonous cycle, encouraging and compounding their mental well-being.

(Reer et al., 2019). The youth today are connected through social media platforms, they

can update each other through social media. The fear of losing out can escalate when

looking over through post almost parties, travel, accomplishments or turning points.

While social media can have harmful effects on youth self-image, it is important to

know that it is not inherently negative. There are ways to moderate the negative impacts

and advance a more beneficial self-perception among young individuals. (Smulowitz,

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2019). Formatively the period of puberty is exceptionally vital for character

investigation and personality arrangement. Social media could be a stage where

teenagers can attempt out diverse characters in a mysterious way. This gives numerous

openings for personality investigation, but too presents challenges and pitfalls. Self-

presentation on social media profiles and self-esteem are closely tied. (Tovar et al.,

2023)

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study employs a qualitative interpretive phenomenology approach to delve

into the intricate ways social media shapes the identities and modes of self-expression

among Generation Z individuals.

Research Participants

The participants in this study consist of students currently enrolled at TSCHI.

Given their immersion in digital culture, these individuals offer valuable insights into

the interplay between social media and identity development. The investigation takes

place within the premises of TSCHI. The diverse student body and commitment to

practical education at TSCHI provide an ideal environment for exploring the complex

dynamics of social media involvement and identity formation among Generation Z

individuals. This localized approach offers unique perspectives on the contextual

 19

factors influencing students' interactions with social media and their evolving self-

concepts. By focusing on the lived experiences and subjective viewpoints of Tanauan

School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries (TSCHI) students, this framework

allows for a nuanced exploration of social media dynamics within this specific

educational setting.

Sampling Procedure

When selecting participants, purposive sampling is used to ensure that

individuals with relevant characteristics and experiences related to the research topic

are included. This method aligns to obtain comprehensive and informative data that

facilitates a deeper understanding of how social media contributes to the self-identity

and self-expression of GenZ individuals.

Research participants are classified according to the criteria:

1. Gen Z students in grades 11.

2. Currently enrolled or studying in TSCHI.

3. Actively engage in twitter.

4. Engage actively within communities or interest groups on twitter.

5. Create original content or posts that reflect personal identity.

Research Instruments

To gather data on how social media shapes the self-identity and self-expression

of Generation Z students, the validated semi-structured interview is conducted at

TSCHI. A semi-structured interview is used to explore themes or responses further and

 20

to ask open-ended questions. The focused group discussion guide is carefully designed

and validated to ensure reliability and relevance. Focused Group Discussion is utilized

to triangulate the data from the respondents. Researchers pick 5 respondents to be the

participants in the Focus Group Discussion. Through feedback from initial interview

trials among Gen Z students and thorough reliability testing, the focused group

discussion guide is confirmed as a reliable tool for capturing data on the impact of

social media within the TSCHI context. The focused group discussion conducted is

composed of 3 major parts; (1) the opening (2) the body and (3) the closing. In the

opening of the interview, the interviewer initiates the interview by making a polite or

respectful remark, welcoming the interviewee, and outlining the purpose and structure

of the interview. While the body of the interview is the fact-finding part, the

interviewer asks questions and allows the participant to answer. Finally, at the end of

the interview, the interviewer takes the time to end on a positive note, reiterate his

interest in the position, and gather a contact number from the interviewee. The

interviewer should thank the participant for the invitation and offer a firm handshake

while making good eye contact.

Validation of Instruments

The focused group discussion guide used in this study is carefully designed and

validated by experts to guarantee its readability and validity. This focused group

discussion ensures comprehensive coverage of significant aspects related to the

research topic. Reliability testing involves methods such as test-retest and internal

consistency analysis, which further confirm the reliability of the focused group

discussion guide in measuring the intended concept. Generally, the validation process
 21

affirms the focused group discussion guide as a reliable tool for gathering data on the

role of social media on self-identity and self-expression among Gen Z. The process

included library research, internet surfing, interviews, observation of how social media

platforms contribute in the formation and development of self-identity and self-

expression among Gen Zs including their experiences in making social media a way of

self-identity and self-expression. All the data gathered from the interview schedule

guide are transcribed, coded, analyzed, and interpreted.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers asked permission from the School Principal of Tanauan School

of Craftsmanship and Home Industries, Tanauan, Leyte to conduct this study. Through

the purposive sampling method, the researcher selected 5 Grade 11 students as research

participants based on their experience in using social media. An orientation will be

conducted among research participants concerning the mechanics of the research. The

researchers will initiate the data collection process by conducting an interview using the

prepared focused group discussion guide with the GenZ participants at TSCHI. These

interviews will provide a platform for participants to express their thoughts, feelings,

and experiences regarding their social media engagement and its contribution to their

identity and self-expression. The interviewers will utilize open-ended questions to

encourage participants to share their perspectives in-depth, allowing for a

comprehensive understanding of their interactions with social media platforms. The

focus group discussion guide will be used with the research participants. Additionally,

the researchers will conduct monitoring studies to observe participants' behavior on

 22

social media and in public settings, providing valuable insights into their online and

offline expressions of identity. Throughout the process of gathering data, the

researchers will ensure that ethical considerations are upheld, including maintaining

confidentiality and respecting participants' autonomy.

Data Analysis Procedure

After data collection, the researchers will thoroughly analyze the interviews in a

detailed and accurate manner. The researchers read the transcripts several times to

identify recurring themes and behavioral trends related to social media usage and its

impact on identity and self-expression among Generation Z individuals. Bracketing has

been conducted to reflexively engage the research from biases or own preconceptions

that will arise throughout the remaining process. After that, researchers code the

transcripts line-by-line to assign a code to each sentence that focuses on the

phenomenon. Then, researchers grouped the initial codes into a larger themes or

categories. Then, researchers compare and contrast the codes and themes and create

superordinate themes from them. Consequently, the researchers interpreted the codes

and self-reflected their preconceptions while interpreting the data. This awareness

fosters an open-minded approach, leading to a deeper understanding of participants'

experiences. Finally, the researcher write-up the information from the findings.

Ethical Consideration

The researchers will uphold honesty and transparency in their interview

procedures, ensuring clarity in communication with participants. Interviews will be

conducted with integrity, following established protocols to maintain consistency and

reliability in data collection. Participants' confidentiality and autonomy will be

 23

respected throughout, with informed consent obtained prior to the commencement of

each interview. Additionally, any potential biases or conflicts of interest will be actively

addressed to uphold the integrity of the research process. There are some considerations

to keep in mind when talking about Gen Z's Identity especially to our target

participants. We will give consent form to the participants so that we will have an

agreement and they will be informed whether they fit to participate or not. And for

those chosen participants, we will hide their identities so that we can protect their

privacy by using pseudonyms (A.K.A). This Interview Schedule will ensure no

information is being revealed.

Reflexivity

Throughout the research process, the researchers will consistently reflect on

how their personal perspectives may influence the interpretation of data related to

social media's impact on Generation Z's identity and self-expression. Prior to data

collection, they will consciously assess their own predispositions to prevent any

potential biases from shaping the research design and methodology. During data

collection, researchers will maintain a vigilant awareness of their subjective

interpretations, actively seeking to mitigate the influence of personal biases on their

interactions with participants and analysis of findings. After the research process

concludes, they will engage in critical reflection on their role in shaping the study's

outcomes, identifying, and addressing any biases that may have impacted the research

findings. By maintaining this conscious and active acknowledgement of their own

belief systems throughout the research journey, the researchers uphold the integrity and

validity of the study's outcomes, ensuring that the findings accurately reflect the lived
 24

experiences of participants and contribute meaningfully to the broader academic

discourse on digital culture and youth development.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The following section contains the information gathered in response to the

research question outlined in the introductory chapter of this study. It presents findings,

including quotes from participants, aimed at discussing the role of social media on

GenZ self-identity and self-expression. The chapter concludes with the researchers’

judgments, interpretations, and reflections based on their findings.

Emerging Themes

After drawing out the patterns from the data through coding and concept

clustering, the following themes were formed and recognized:

1. GenZ’s different ways to express and identify themselves on social media.

2. Factors that limit GenZ to be expressive in real life.

 25

3. Circumstances that GenZ’s more likely to express in social media than in real

life.

4. Traits that GenZ develops in using social media.

GenZ’s different ways to express and identify themselves on social media.

GenZ’s uses different strategies to express and identify themselves by utilizing

social media. The main theme is the technique or strategies, with two categories that

each link with two concepts. The data shows that out of five (5) participants they are all

using different strategies to express and identify themselves on social media. These

strategies are using dump accounts or shared posting. According to Florida Atlantic

University (2021), individuals who find it hard to socialize have found an easy way

through social media to express themselves to become better at communication skills

and thereby discover their own identity. GenZ’s express and identify themselves on

social media through post, shared posting, humor, and messenger notes. According to

(Goldring 2018), which allows its users to express their thoughts and themselves. This

platform allows users to discuss their feelings, thoughts, or some random thoughts that

they like sharing. In connection to this, they also need to make sure that social media

helps in healthily express themselves, not harming them (Dreckett, 2022). Therefore,

some of them actively post on social media using their dump account because as they

said the people who saw their rants through posting understands what they feel and

what humor they have.

DODONG: sugad ha mayda niyo dump account, ngadto kamo nag ra-rant you are

able to express what you feel bagat na lelessen bat kuan [burden] mga sugad.
 26

[like having a dump account, where you can rant and express what you feel, it lessens

the burden of those kinds of things].

PEDRO: syempre pag post hit aton mga nangyayari ha aton buhay it common ways

talaga nga gin gagamit it social media pag eexpress it ira talaga mga daily lives/ daily

activities.

[by posting about what’s happening in our lives].

BRENDA: Kuan ako usually man gud it akon the way ko express tak sarili is through

humor, I rarely share, rarely la talaga ak na sharedpost or na use, actually on my other

account I’m really active there pero in my main but in my main dire gud ak nagkukuan

kay dire ak expressive tak emotions or feelings pero in my other account mas kuan ak

didto kay like mas it akon makakakita hit ak mga post is mas magegets nira tak mga

life situations kumbaga.

LINDA: I usually express myself on social media using just like what the other said shared

post or usually notes on messenger.

ISABELA: ako liwat dire gud ak into social media like mayda ko mga shared post pero

only me.

In relation to this, according to the study of Goorin J. & Baumgarten (2023) revealed

that a lot of several studies have verified that social media has been identified as a useful tool in

promoting awareness and acceptance among Gen Z, and the importance of representation and

molding their thoughts regarding personal identity. Social media plays an important role in the

development of identity and self-expression, especially during adolescence. In addition to this,

social media has shown to be a useful tool for communication in terms of interacting
 27

with one another and sharing information (Andreana N.2020). These are the strategies

they use to express themselves more and to build up their self-identity.

Factors that limit GenZ to be expressive in real life.

There are many factors that hinder GenZ from being expressive in real life.

The hindrance that they face that limit their expressiveness. Based on the findings, the

factors that limits them to be expressive are fear of being misunderstood, limited

chance to express their selves. The data illustrates that two (2) out of five (5)

participants indicate that fear of being misunderstood limits them from expressing their

selves, the rest stated that limited chances to express their selves hinder them. In

relation to this, according to Fresh Essays (2023), the impact of social media on

Generation Z is examined, including its potential to contribute to a negative self-image.

Additionally, the study explores the benefits of social networking, such as connecting

with like-minded individuals and staying informed about current events. Moreover, the

research indicates that while social media can be beneficial for younger individuals, it
 28

can also have a detrimental effect on their self-esteem. According to findings, Gen Z is

the most equipped to navigate social media and build more connections, but they can

struggle with in-person social skills (Veronica G., 2019).

LINDA: In real life mas mas dakot tendency na misunderstood ka tas ha it social

media kasi bagan bisan ka mag ano, mag ano ngada mashashare mo, kaya mo ma

share bisan bisan pa waray may naka gets tim humor puyde kala gihap magshare so

amo ito amo tak na kukuan nga it social media bisan ikaw nala it naka gets tim jokes,

ikaw nala it natawa (noise) so helpful la gihap hiya.

[In real life there is a huge chance that we will be misunderstood compared to real life

situations].

ISABELA: Usually there are unsaid feelings na makuri nat ipagawas, normally [noise]

normally in real life so if there are some cases na ma feel mo gusto mo magshare pero

waray ka mashashare-an.

In line with the study of (Reer et al., 2019). Steady exposure to such negativity

can make a poisonous cycle, encouraging and compounding their mental well-being.

The youth today are connected through social media platforms, they can update each

other through social media. According to Florida Atlantic University (2021),

individuals who find it hard to socialize have found an easy way through social media

to express themselves to become better at communication skills and thereby discover

their own identity. This factors that affected them to be expressive has been found out

that they really being affected by it.

BRINGS NEGATIVITY
FEAR OF BEING
MISUNDERSTOOD
 29

Circumstances that GenZ’s more likely to express in social media than in real life.
The Gen Z nowadays are more likely to express themselves more on social

media than in real life. The primary theme is the influences, with three categories that

connects to two concepts. The table shows that the first category which is unsaid

feelings can be a regret wishing that things had been different and results to silent

admiration. The second cattery Anger can be emotional response the feeling of being

angry to oneself resulting to irritation and behavioral response that actions taken from

being angry. The last category Vent Out, which is Emotional Release, provides

releasing pent-up emotions and Support and Validation sharing your feelings and

supporting of what they feel. As (2019, Notre Dame Maryland University, NDMU). For

teenagers who have friends in the real world, social media is an extension of those

relationships, and for those who find it difficult to make friends in person, it offers

countless opportunities for peer connection. Important friendship traits, such as self-
 30

disclosure, validation, companionship, and instrumental support, can happen offline and

online in equally fulfilling and productive ways. However, there is a lack of

information regarding the consequences of conflict and how to resolve it online.

PEDRO: I am not able to express on how I feel danay, like special someone danay,

sugad nagkaka-misunderstanding dire gud ak nakakag-express kun ano tak gusto

iyakan. With the use of messenger and new kuan social media influences kaya ko lugod

mabutang didto ha wordsW, kaya ko mayakan ha words if ever na sugad hiton mga

intimates na mga bagay..... so amo tun.

ISABELA: Uhhhhh..... ha social media ngan traditional methods, iba kase tak persona

oo kay personality between ha social media and traditional methods.....kay kun ha

social media bagat if dire.... dire kita close tas nakikitan niyo tak mga pinankukuan ha

social media.....itun ngadi ma dire niyo nakikitan nga sugad ngayan ak.....if dre kita

close in person napapausa nala nga hala sugad ngayan ini hiya kay another thing

liwat ha traditional methods...kun nakikigcommunicate ak in person may sometimes na

dire ak dire ko maexpress tak mga mayayakan compared ha social media ngan kaya ko

dayon maexplain or mayakan tanan naak thoughts....asya la...

In relation to this, a study by Hayes (2021) revealed that the messages

communicated on different social media stages in a general sense change Era Z’s (Gen

Z’s) passionate, mental, and otherworldly well-being. The foremost prevalent social

media stage for Gen Z–Instagram. Instagram emphatically affected Gen Z sincerely,
 31

rationally, and profoundly. Based on the data this circumstances affects the way they

communicate in real life than in social media.

Traits that GenZ develops in using social media.

Under this theme are the characteristics that they develop in using social media.

The main theme is the characteristics or traits, with three categories that each link with

two concepts. The data illustrates that all five (participants) agree that social media

helps to build up new characteristics. These characteristics are new perspectives, being

self-aware, and improving communication skills. As Goorin J. & Baumgarten (2023)

revealed that social media has been identified as a useful tool in promoting awareness

and acceptance among Gen Z, and the importance of representation and molding their

thoughts regarding personal identity. Another important was that using digital gadgets

by parents when their adolescents are around can negatively impact the GenZ’s

emotional health and attachment to their parents. (Maria, E. N. 2020).

DODONG: Social media help me positively with how I can communicate because through

social media I can practice how I can communicate with someone nga bisan dire ko
 32

hiya kilala bisan.... like kaka-friend pala nam.. ha socmed la kami magkilala pero

nakikigistorya la ghap ak so I think it is a great practice for me... so when I try

traditional methods dire naak maninibago bisan dire ko kilala tak kaistorya mayda

kona idea how I can communicate..because that is the influence of social media... In a

way wray maka apekto haak it social media since nag ..... ummmm ano ini ...

nagstruggle talaga ako hit communication...in real life pero not in a way na kuan

socially acquired mayda ko man ghap mga close friends na waray problema hit

communication... so makayakan ak na it social media waray maka-apekto

haakon...with communication.

BRENDA: So an akon kuan communication abilities nakabubulig dinhi na part madako an

social media [crunch] first of all damo it critiques ha social media tapos when we’re

viewing different kuan ngadto opinions syempre time to time mas nagiging self-

conscious ak so mahihibaro ak kun aanhon ko ini when in terms of kuan,...tapos mas

friendly man gud ak ngan interactive ha social media bagan na syempre.....

ammm ...awwww....ehhhhh....emm. Specially han time han pandemic puro la social

media mas han hadto na time nakagyakan ak na nakag-improve nak communication

abilities pagbalik han F2f kay nakahibaro al ngan mas naginself-concious ak an mga...

kun aanhon ko pagdara hin conversations.....

This shows in the findings that through social media they develop new traits and

improve themselves, this new traits that they develop can be used in order to build their

self-identity and to express themselves more. As by Chen (2023) social media helps
 33

users to show their ability to its extent, these media platforms progressively evolve

them to an individual who can proudly display themselves.

SOURCE OF NEWS AND

INFORMATION
NEW PERSPECTIVE
LEADS TO ERRORS IN
JUDGEMENT

PHYSICALLY
CHARACTERISTICS SELF-AWARENESS
EMOTIONALLY

CONNECTING WITH
IMPROVE NEW PEOPLE
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS

HAVE FREEDOM OF
SPEECH

Discussion

The results indicate that the role of social media in shaping GenZ’s self-

expression and self-identity has greatly contributed to the formation of self-expression

and self-identity among GenZ individuals.

Firstly, Gen Z express themselves on social media, as indicated by a study from

Florida Atlantic University (2021). The study’s author observed that many young

individuals who struggle with in-person socializing find it easier to connect through

social media, there must be a sense of self-identity and self-expression. Another study

by Goldring (2018) suggests that social media enables users to express their thoughts

and personalities through posts, shared content, humor, and direct messages.

Furthermore, Dreckett (2022), argued that they also need to make sure that social media

helps in healthily expressing themselves, not harming them.

 34

Eventually, the study showed some challenges that hinder GenZ individuals from

expressing themselves personally including, limited chances to express themselves and

fear of being misunderstood. In the study conducted by Fresh Essays in 2023, an in-

depth analysis of the impact of social media on Generation Z, the study delves into

various aspects of this impact, including its potential to contribute to the formation of a

negative self-image among individuals belonging to this demographic. The study

suggests that exposure to unrealistic standards, cyberbullying, and excessive

comparison with others can lead to decreased self-esteem and well-being. This is also

proven by some responses that Gen Z is the most equipped to navigate social media and

build more connections, but they can struggle with in-person social skill.

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the final part of the study where the researcher

summarizes the key findings based on the analysis of the data collected. On the other

hand, recommendations refer to suggestions or proposal made by the researcher based

on the conclusions drawn from the study.

Summary

This study is aimed at Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries students

and this study’s purpose is to determine the Role of Social Media in Shaping GenZ’s

Self-identity and Self-expression among GenZ individuals in TSCHI.

This study answered the following specific questions:

 35

1. How do social media platforms contribute the formation and development of

self- identity and self-expression among Gen Zs?

2. What are the experiences of Gen Z in making social media a way of self-

identity and self-expression?

3. What are the challenges of Gen Z in shaping their self-identity and self-

expression on social media?

The qualitative design of phenomenological inquiry is utilized to answer the

aforementioned questions. The data was collected from five (5) students in Tanauan

School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries through a Focused Group Discussion

composed of five (5) open-ended questions. This is a qualitative study that presents a

more effective approach for gathering relevant, accurate, and useful data. To gather

pertinent data, we, the researchers, employed a phenomenological approach.

Phenomenological research aims to uncover the essential truths (essence) of lived

experiences. As a result, Focused Group Discussions were employed to gather a diverse

range of individuals with varied ideas, emotions, insights, observations, and

interpretations of a particular phenomenon. The researchers selected the participants for

this study using purposive sampling and specific criteria. They convened the

participants at the TSCHI library to conduct the FGD. After receiving approval for the

research study, the researchers wrote a letter to the school head of Tanauan School of

Craftsmanship and Home Industries. Once the request was approved, the researchers

began conducting semi-structured interviews with the students. They also used cell

phones to record the students' responses.

 36

1. How do social media platforms contribute the formation and development of

self-identity and self-expression among Gen Zs?

Gen Z utilizes different platforms on social media in order to say what

they are. They mentioned that sharing their thoughts and feelings online is easier

compared to doing that in reality. Dummy accounts and shared posts are some of the

tools that let Gen-Z express themselves more freely. Social media also influences how

they communicate with others thus self-expression better than face-to-face

conversations.

2. What are the experiences of Gen Z in making social media a way of self-identity

and self-expression?

They observed that typing their thoughts on social media platforms is much

easier than talking about them directly. However, they can be whoever they want

without fear of judgements being made against them; hence humor, shared posts or just

ranting as ways of managing emotions. They have learned themselves better through

this type of communication online.

3. What are the challenges of Gen Z in shaping their self-identity and self-

expression on social media?

 37

Shaping self-identity and self-expression on social media present numerous

challenges for the Gen Z. Often, they fear of being misunderstood, which stops them

from expressing their genuine thoughts and emotions. Depending too much on social

media leads to reduced face-to-face interactions thereby making it difficult to grow

social skills. It injures their self-esteem through cyberbullying which also makes them

hesitant to express themselves.

Conclusions

Based on the researcher findings, the following conclusions are drawn based on the

following:

1. Social media plays a pivotal part in helping students in finding their identities by

giving them with platforms to openly express their thoughts and feelings.

2. Using social media is to be beneficial in forming self-identity and self-expression

3. It is crucial for students to achieve responsible social media usage skills. Schools

should offer programs to help them balance the stress and encourage them to spend

time both online and offline.

4. Social media platforms improve communication skills of the students by providing

opportunities such as interacting through posting. 5. Social media user state that social

media simplifies various aspects of life by offering convenient ways to connect, share

information, and access resources.

 38

Recommendations

With the findings and reflections, the researchers propose the following

recommendations.

1. Generation Z is more comfortable in Social Media because they have been

surrounded and born with a digital world whose social media has always been part of

their lives providing a platform for them to express their own feelings. The Role of

social media in Gen Z's self-identity and self-Expression is very significant. The

researchers recommended that those with higher authority: Teachers, Parents,

Guardians, and any other adults that can observe and educate the actions and doings of

their students or children in guiding them to be more authentic online, set boundaries

when posting and to be expressive in real life rather than online.

2. The teachers must encourage the students to be more authentic of who they are and

never be that someone who’s just acting like it’s their identity but honestly, it’s not. The

parents must encourage their children to be more expressive in real life rather than

online so that as parents you can advise and communicate well to your children and to

not need online support and validity because sometimes it has its negative impact on

your children.

3. For future researchers, since this study has chosen a limit of 5 persons being

interviewed, they can conduct similar research with respondents not limited to 5

persons and can choose any young generation to be more exact determining the social

media in Gen Z’s self-identity and expression.

 39

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 45

APPENDIX A

April 2024

Mr. Othniel M. Olino

School Principal
Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Through: Mr. Jonas M. Cabusbusan
Master Teacher II
Practical Research 1

Dear Sir,
Greetings!
 46

We, the undersigned students of Grade 11-Nobel, pursuing studies in Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), extend our sincere regards to you.
At this juncture, we are engaged in a research endeavor entitled "Exploring the Role of
Social Media in Shaping Gen Z Identity and Self-Expression"
Our study aims to delve into the profound influence exerted by social media platforms
on the identity formation and self-expression of students enrolled in Tanauan School of
Craftsmanship and Home Industries. In this pursuit of knowledge, we are compelled to
seek your esteemed permission to conduct data gathering among 5 selected students
within our institution throughout April 2024.
Please be assured that all information collected during our study will be held in strict
confidence. The anonymity of our participants shall be always preserved, with access to
research materials strictly restricted to the designated researchers and our esteemed
research adviser.
This research initiative serves as a pivotal component of our Practical Research 1
curriculum, and as such, we earnestly implore your gracious understanding and support
in facilitating its successful execution. We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your
consideration and assistance in this matter.
Yours sincerely,

Christian Andrew P. Albao, et. Al

Lead-Researcher

APPENDIX B

INFORMED CONSENT

April 22, 2024

_________________

_________________

_________________

Sir/Ma’am,
 47

We are from the Grade 11 Nobel, Senior High STEM students of Tanauan School of

Craftsmanship and Home Industries, Tanauan, Leyte. You are being invited to take part

in our research study entitled “Exploring the Role of Social Media in Shaping GenZ

Identity and Self-Expression”. The purpose of the study is to examine the role of social

media on Identity and Self-expression and among GenZs in Tanauan School of

Craftsmanship and Home Industries.

Being one of the GenZs, we know you are knowledgeable and updated in terms of

using social media in building identity and self-expression.

As part of our data collection procedures, I am soliciting voluntary participation from

you. This means, you may choose to participate or not. You are requested to prepare

your answer on the following questions stated above. The will take approximately less

than 1 hour of your time.

You will be asked to allow us to conduct an interview on April 22. We assure you that

all information will be kept confidential for your security. In our writing or any

presentations, we will use a made-up name for you, and I will not reveal identifying

details about you.

The benefit of this research is that you will be helping to develop recommendations that

can be made to foster positive and healthy identity formation and self-expression

through social media. If you have any questions about participation in this study, you

may contact me at my cellphone number. (09457337692)

 48

This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of TSCHI Senior High

Department. If you agree to participate in this research study after fully reading and

understanding the statements above, please sign below to indicate your acceptance to

participate.

_____________________ _____________________ ________________

Name of Participant Signature Date

APPENDIX C

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Introduction: Good afternoon! My name is __________ and I will be facilitating the

discussion this afternoon. This is __________ and he/she will be taking notes and

helping me. Thank you so much for taking the time to be here today. We will interview

you about our research entitled exploring the role of Social Media on Shaping GenZ’s

Identity and Self-expression and we are interested in finding out from you what you
 49

know about the Exploring the Role of Social Media in Shaping GenZ Identity and Self-

Expression. This information will be anonymized and will be treated as confidential. If

at any point you do not want to continue participating in this discussion, you are free to

leave the group and we will no longer be asking you any more questions. The

information discussed today will help us to understand the role of social media for

GenZs identity and self-expression.

For recording: We would like to record this discussion. Even though we will be taking

notes, we are not able to write everything down and want to be able to go back and

listen to any information we might have missed. All notes and the recording will be

kept safely and securely. Is everyone okay with recording this conversation? (Confirm

that all participants consent) We ask that you please take turns while speaking and do

not interrupt anyone. We are interested in what all of you have to say, so please be

respectful of each other’s opinions. This discussion will last about 45 minutes. Before

we begin, does anyone have any questions?

APPENDIX D
CURRICULUM VITAE
CHRISTIAN ANDREW P. ALBAO
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
0945 733 7692
Christianandrew.albao07@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
 50

Birthday: December 22, 2006

Birthplace: Tacloban City, Leyte
Age: 17 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: Brando M. Albao
Mother's Name: Annabelle P. Albao

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2018-2022)
Elementary Tanauan II Elementary School
Tanauan, Leyte
(2012-2018)
 51

CURRICULUM VITAE
PRINCESS BABY JONAH ANDRADA
San Miguel, Tanauan, Leyte
0938 839 0383
princessbabyjonah@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthday: November 09, 2006
Birthplace: Quezon, City
Age: 17 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: Jonah Rey D. Varona
Mother's Name: Arlene A. Andrada

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2018-2022)
Elementary Tanauan I Elementary School
Tanauan, Leyte
(2012-2018)
 52

CURRICULUM VITAE
NEIL RAVER BALMES
Mering, Tabontabon, Leyte
0927 962 2096
neilraverbalmes@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthday: April 25, 2007
Birthplace: Sto. Nino, Tanauan, Leyte
Age: 17 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: Noli M. Balmes
Mother's Name: Regina A. Balmes

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Justimbaste Remandaban National Highschool
Mac Arthur, Tabontabon, Leyte
(2018-2022)
Elementary San Victor Central School
San Victor, Tanauan, Leyte
(2012-2018)
 53

CURRICULUM VITAE
NATHANIEL D. JIMENEZ
Sto. Nino, Tanauan, Leyte
0970 035 3338
Jimeneztantan5@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthday: April 27, 2007
Birthplace: Tacloban City, Leyte
Age: 17 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: Pablito B. Jimenez
Mother's Name: Annabelle D. Jimenez

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2018-2022)
Elementary San Fernando Central School
San Fernando, Palo, Leyte
(2012-2018)
 54

CURRICULUM VITAE
ADELYN LABITA
San Roque, Tanauan, Leyte
0995 471 8216
adelynlabita@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthday: January 29, 2007
Birthplace: Palo, City
Age: 17 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: Amado Labita
Mother's Name: Linda Venezuela

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2018-2022)
Elementary Guindapunan Elementary School
Guindapunan, Tanauan, Leyte
(2012-2018)
 55

CURRICULUM VITAE
DACE M. LIGUTAN
Maribi, Tanauan, Leyte
0951 514 3336
faith.brisocaindoy@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthday: September 23, 2006
Birthplace: Tanauan, City
Age: 17 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: Lizandro Ligutan
Mother's Name: Teresita Ligutan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2018-2022)
Elementary San Pedro Central School
San Pedro, Tanauan, Leyte
(2012-2018)
 56

CURRICULUM VITAE
GWENETH ARABHELLA P. SALAZAR
Guindag-an, Tanauan, Leyte
0916 520 0963
christianjadecelada@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthday: May 3, 2007
Birthplace: Palo, Leyte
Age: 17 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: Arnulfo C. Salazar
Mother's Name: Bella C. Panuncio

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos Tanauan, Leyte
(2018-2022)
Elementary Guindag-an Central School
Guindag-an, Tanauan, Leyte
(2012-2018)
 57

CURRICULUM VITAE
JENREX C. SEMELLA
Malaguicay, Tanauan, Leyte
0956 366 4142
sjenrex@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthday: July 19, 2007
Birthplace: Tanauan, City
Age: 16 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: Esmeraldo Semella
Mother's Name: Susana Semella

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Assumption Academy Inc.
(2018-2022)
Elementary Tanauan II Central School
Tanauan, Leyte
(2011-2017)
 58

CURRICULUM VITAE
ANGELICA MARIE U. ZABALA
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
0963 183 7457
Angelicamarie03232005@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birthday: March 23, 2005
Birthplace: Palo, Leyte
Age: 19 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Father's Name: N/A
Mother's Name: Rosela U. Zabala

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries
Canramos, Tanauan, Leyte
(2023-2025)
Junior High School Tandaang Sora National High School, Quezon City
(2018-2022)
Elementary Tanauan I Elementary School
Tanauan, Leyte
(2012-2018)