INTRODUCTION TO THE

TEXTILE PROCESSES

I.T MARIA DEL PILAR

RIVERA VEGA
mariadprivera@gmail.com
 TEXTILE CHAIN

The production y
textile distribution is
relatively complicated.

According to the type of fabric, the

raw material and the method
of manufacturing varies the
number of processes
different parties involved in the
production, since these
are typical of each
textile product.

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
The first stage in manufacturing
textiles involves the production of the
raw material called fiber: either
the cultivation of cotton, linen or others
plants, the breeding of sheep or worms of
silk, or the chemical production of fibers;
next, the fiber is spun and
subsequently, the thread is used for knitting
the fabrics. Before or after dyeing and
the finishing, the making is proceeded to
clothing or homewear.

Directly from the fibers, it

you can also obtain materials
textiles, through their aggregation
for the production of veils or sheets
called Non-Wovens and subsequently
the binding and finishing processes.

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
 FIBERS

Fiber

Unit of matter characterized

for its flexibility, fineness (high
ratio between length and
thickness, minimum length about
one hundred times superior to its
diameter) and molecular structure
oriented in the longitudinal direction.

The fiber is then the base with

which begins to be built and
to give the final properties of
tissue.

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE
Fibers are divided into FIBERS
Natural and chemical or made by
man.

Natural Fibers are the product

of a lively transformation of
matter in plants and vegetables. It is a
physiological event, that is,
it is conditioned by life, but
it is also a chemical process
why a substance transforms into
another through processes and
chemical reactions.

They can be found in the form of

short fibers such as: cotton, wool,
lino... Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineering - UPB
or in the form of continuous filament
como la seda
Chemical Fibers Or Made By
The Man are obtained without
need for physiological processes,
it was thus that in the first place the
man produces the fibers
artificial (from monomers
natural) and subsequently the
synthetic fibers (from
chemical monomers.

Allthefibersmadebythe
men are composed of
macromolecules product of the
organic chemistry, except for the
few inorganic fibers like the
steel fiber and glass fiber.

They can be obtained as filament

I continue the cut thread Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
 FIBER/FILAMENT PROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS
BACKGROUND + SHAPE FROM THE FIBER

+ PROPERTY
FUND FORM = of the
FIBER
Tensile Strength
ABRASION RESISTANCE
CHEMICAL FORMULATION THICKNESS OF THE FIBER ELASTICITY
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LONGITUDE FLEXIBILITY
FORCES OF ATTRACTION TRANSVERSAL SECTION RESILIENCE
BICOMPOSITES/ CONFIGURATION shrinking
COPOLYMERS LONGITUDINAL/ROOT CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
AUXILIARIES/ADDITIVES SURFACE MOISTURE RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE TO SUNLIGHT
MOLD RESISTANCE AND
MUSHROOMS
RESISTANCE TO MOTH
THERMOPLASTICITY
THERMAL RESISTANCE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
LUSTRE
MOISTURE ABSORPTION
MOISTURIZATION
STATICS Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
 THREADING

Industrial process in which, based on

mechanical operations with fibers
textiles, a new body is created
fine, elongated, resistant textile and
flexible called thread.

Although in the process

of spinning has
introduced certain
automation continues
being today a
long process and
complex; all its
actors work in
its optimization.
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
 HISTORY...
The history of spinning
it is in the same origin
of the use that the
man made of fibers
natural.

In that origin, the first

spinning tool
it was the very hands
of the man who,
doing a simple one
twisting over a bundle
of fibers, manufactured
a hello simple
capable of being spun
again, braided, or
employee in the
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
fabrication of fabrics. Textile Engineer - UPB
 THREADS
DEFINITION

Thread is the generic name for a

set of fibers that are twisted
together.
IMPORTANCE

Threads play a very important role.

important in the determination
of touch and behavior
of the fabric; they can reinforce the
good behavior of the fiber
o to compensate some
deficient properties.

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
CLASSIFICATION
1. According to its final use:

Weaving Threads
Sewing Threads
Embroidery Threads

2. According to the raw material

employee

Fiber Spun Threads

cut/cut off
Carded Threads
Styled Threads
Threads Spun from
Continuous Filament
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
 Weaving

DEFINITION

Set of processes
artisanal or industrial for
to produce fabrics from thread.

Types of Weaving:

Flat Fabric
KnittedFabric

Others:

Non-WovenFabrics–
Agglomeration of Fibers Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
 PLAIN WEAVE

Definition

Wovenfabricsmade
with two or more sets
of intertwined threads
perpendicularly.

Weft or Foot
Plot or Past

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
 KNIT FABRIC
Definition:

The knit fabric consists of

a thread that connects with itself
same through loops or
fishnets, these grant
elasticity and extensibility to
tissue.
Characteristics:

C The meshes consist in turn of

O the past and columns. One
L column is a series of meshes
U in vertical direction (or of
M urdimbre) and a pass is a
N mesh file in direction
A PAST horizontal (or of the plot)

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineering - UPB
 NONWOVENS
DEFINITION

This material is a fabric that has

has been developed with certain techniques
that allow the fibers to agglomerate
to form the fabric without having to
previously go through the processes
of spinning and weaving as such.

This process begins with the

formation of a veil and its subsequent
connected.

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
 FINISHES

Any process
realizado sobre la fibra,
the thread, the fabric or the
garment with the purpose of
modify some of
its characteristics:

Appearance, what is seen

Touch,whatisfelt
Behavior, it
what does it do

Everythingfinishedelevatesthe
cost of the fabric

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
Where can one carry out a
process
of finish?

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
CLASSIFICATION OF THE
FINISHES

According to the

characteristic
to what
modify

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
CLASSIFICATION OF THE
FINISHES

According to your

duration

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
CLASSIFICATION OF THE
FINISHES

According to the

action that
the origin

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
 Objective
Examples
Finishes They seek to modify Printed,
the
aesthetic appearance and touch tincture
smoothing
ironing
etc
This type of finishes by Repulsion
Finishes they generally do not alter the to the water,
functional aspect of the fabrics not Resistance
that improve the service to the fire,
What are you lending? Resistance
to the
They help solve some dirt
of the problems that the Resistance
consumers have with to the fats
textile products and to the
oils.
They seek to modify both the Combination
Finishes is from the
aesthetic characteristics
aesthetic- from the fabric like yours previous
functional functioning
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
 PHYSICAL FINISHES

Properties granted without

modify the structure
internal of the fiber. It
they employ procedures
of mechanical action on
the substrate to obtain the
desired effect.

Modify properties
aesthetics or appearance.

Generally son
finishes of type
permanent.
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
ELEMENTS USED IN THE
PHYSICAL FINISHES
LISAS IRONING,
ROLLERS OR
PRE-UNDERSTOOD
CROWS
THERMOFUSED
DECATIZING
RECORDINGS GOFRADO
PUSH OR Sueded, velvety
Gasket
S

BLADES TUNED

Llamas Gaseous,
Singed

BRUSHING, GRINDING
OTHERS SANDING
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineering - UPB
 Chemical Finishes

Aesthetic properties and/or

functional courses provided with
modification of the structure
internal of the fiber.

A great variety is used

of chemical products. By
generally applied
through rollers that
they transport the finish of
a tub on the surface of
fabric.

The fabric is subjected to drying

and cured, so that it is
react with fiber and
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
have a longer duration. Textile Engineer - UPB
Some examples of Finishes
Chemicals are:

Stamping
Tincture
Smoothing
Resins
Functional Finishes
Water and oil repellent,
alcohol, diesel, dirt-free
Wrinkle-free
Flame Retardant
Antibacterial, anti-mite,
antimosquito
Antifungal
Odor Adsorption
UV Protection, Resistance to
rayos gamma, Infrarojo

Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega

Textile Engineer - UPB
 FINISHES IN
Garments
In the changing world of
we seek to enhance fashion
the appearance of the
garments and confer them a
added value.

Generally we talk
of processing
Indigo, but currently and
with great participation
talks about washing, dyeing and
finishing of garments in
knitted and woven fabric,
shirt-making, articles of
100% cotton and its
mixes. Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
Textile Engineer - UPB
 Manufacturing

The garment-making process is much

more than just putting pieces together
some type of material by means of the
sewing thread. This begins with the
design of the garment, in which
must take into account all the
materials and production steps that
him they will see
involved the
to make.

The sewing is one of the factors

essential in the production of
textile articles, but they are also
fundamental other aspects such as
the raw material of the fabric, the threads,
the supplies or accessories used,
Maria Del Pilar Rivera Vega
the finishes or the marketing of -the
Textile Engineer UPB
final product.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS

CONSTRUCTION
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Textile Engineer - UPB
GEOTEXTILES/
AGROTEXTILES
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Textile Engineering - UPB
SECURITY

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Textile Engineering - UPB
HOME
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TRANSPORT
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HEALTH
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MILITIA
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SPORT
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 TEXTRONICA/
NANOTECHNOLOGY
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Textile Engineer - UPB