Cairo University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Pathology

First Practical lesson Elaborated by: Mohamed Mannaa

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PROTECTION

Introduction to plant Pathology

Plants as do people get sick Plant pathology is the study of microorganisms and environmental factors that cause plant disease A plant is considered healthy if it carry out its functions to the best of its genetic ability When a plant function is interfered with

by a microorganism or environmental factor the plant is diseased

Classification of plant diseases

Infectious diseases
Diseases caused by fungi

Non-infectious diseases
Diseases caused by low or high temperature Diseases caused by lack or excess soil H2O Diseases caused by air pollution

Diseases caused by prokaryotes (bacteria & mollicutes)

Diseases caused by protozoa Diseases caused by mineral toxicities Diseases caused by nematodes Diseases caused by nutrient deficiencies Diseases caused by lack of oxygen Diseases caused by parasitic plants Diseases caused by toxicity of pesticides

Diseases caused by viruses and viroids

Plant Pathogens

fungi

nematodes

bacteria

mollicutes

viruses

Parasitic seed plants

Symptoms vs. Signs

Signs
It means the presence of the parasitic microorganism by any form of its reproductive or vegetative structures in or on the tissues of the host plant

Symptoms
the plant responses or the reactions of the host plants that results from its infection by the pathogen . It depends on the pathogen, host plant, and the degree of interaction between the pathogen , the host and the environmental conditions

Color Change

1- yellowing 2- Mosaic 3- streak 4- Redding 5- Albinism 6- Greening

Necrosis

1- Spots 2- Canker 3- Blisters 4- Shot-hole 5- Blotch 6- Scald 7- Blight 8- Scorch 9- Rot 10- die-back 11- Mummification 12- Gummosis 13- Damping off 14- wilting

Plant Disease Symptoms

Malformation

1- Resetting 2- Dwarfing 3- Gall & Knot 4- Scab 5- Curl

Color change
Yellowing

Mosaic

Streak

Redding

Albinism

Greening

Necrosis (death of Plant tissues)

Spots

Stripe

Canker

Shot-hole

Blotch

 Scald

Blight

 Scorsh

Rot
Soft Dry

Die Back

Mumification

Gummosis

Damping-off

Wilting

Malformation
Resetting

Dwarfing

Gall & Knot

Scab

Curl

Signs of the disease

Examples of the disease signs

Plant Pathologists Objectives

Make correct diagnosis: Biotic or Abiotic

disease? Identify exactly the Pathogen. Propose efficient control methods, respecting the environment.

Kochs Postulates
1- symptoms must be associated with the presence of the microorganism

2- the microorganism is isolated and grown in pure culture without any other contaminants. 3- the isolated microorganism in pure culture is then used for artificial infection into a healthy plant of the same host and same symptoms must be observed on the diseased plant
4- the microorganism is re-isolated from the artificially infected plants and grown again in pure culture and the identified microorganism must be the same as identified in step 2

Isolation of fungal diseases

Sterilization
Sterilization by heating:

Dry heat

Moist heat

Flame Sterilization

Oven

Autoclave

THANKS FOR ATTENTION

Mohamed Mannaa