Công Nghệ Chế Biến Khí -Chương 6. Chế Biến Condensat

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CNG NGH
CH BIN KH
Trng i hc Cng nghip
TS. Nguyn Mnh Hun
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
CHNG 6. CH BIN CONDENSAT
Condensate
- Condensate l sn phm lng b li cun theo kh
ng hnh hay kh thin nhin trong qu trnh khai
thc du kh, c ngng t v thu hi sau khi qua
cc bc x l, tch kh bng cc phng php
lm lnh ngng t, chng ct nhit thp, hp
ph, hp th...
- Thnh phn chnh ca Condensate l cc
hydrocarbon no nh pentane, hexane, heptane...
(C5+), ngoi ra cn c cc hydrocarbon mch
vng, cc nhn thm v mt s tp cht khc.

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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Nhng ngun Condensate ti Vit Nam
- Condensate Bch H l sn phm lng ca nh my x l kh Dinh C thuc PVGas,
c dn bng ng ng n kho cng Th Vi. Ti y Condensate c cha trong
hai bn, mi bn c dung tch 6500 m
3
.
- Ton b Condensate Bch H hin nay ang c bn cho Tng Cng ty Du Vit Nam
(PV Oil) sn xut xng A92, A83 theo mt hp ng hp tc lin doanh. PVGAS tham
gia gp vn vo lin doanh bng ton b sn lng Condensate Bch H.
- Condensate ca L 06.1 v 11.2 sau khi c x l li v tch ti trm x l kh Dinh C
thuc NCSP cng s c vn chuyn xung kho cng Th Vi v cha ti hai bn, mi
bn c dung tch 16500 m
3
. Condensate ny c xut bn cho cc khch hng trong v
ngoi nc qua cu cng ca PVGAS.
- Thuc tnh ca cc loi Condensate cng khc nhau, Condensate Bch H tng i
nh hn so vi Condensate NCS nn c phi trn trc tip vi Reformat v ph gia
ch bin xng A83. Condensate Nam Cn Sn tng i nng hn nn phi tri qua qu
trnh ch bin thu c phn on naptha v cc sn phm khc nh white spirit, DO,
FO
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
ng dng
- Condensate c s dng ch yu pha ch
xng, dung mi pha sn, dung mi trong cng
nghip, DO, FO.
- Cc nh my ch bin Condensate ti Vit Nam:
+ Nh my ch bin Condensate Th Vi thuc
Cng ty Ch bin Kinh doanh cc Sn phm Du
m (PDC).
+ NM Ch Bin Condensate Ct Li thuc Cng
ty TNHH Du kh Tp HCM (Saigon Petro).
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hnh VI.1. S chung x l condensat
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
I. ng ang nhiet ngng tu kh thien nhien va kh dau
Cac H/C long nhan xang kh, kh hoa long va
cac hoa chat khac thu hoi c cang nhieu cang tot
xac nh ieu kien ngng tu.
Cac mo kh condensat:
-Sau > 1500 m, hon hp H/C trang thai mot hoac
hai pha,
-P, T cao
-Tha so condensat ln
-Len en mieng gieng cha lng condensat ln
(800 cm
3
/1m
3
kh) thap tach, giam nhanh T va
P thu condensat.
-Vung ngng tu ngc P
max
Hnh VI.2. ng ang nhiet ngng tu kh
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
-Ap suat mgng tu cc ai (P
max
= 5,4 8,34 MPa)
-T giam lng condensat tang
-Trong thiet b phan rieng: condensat c co nh hoa bang cach giam dan ap suat
-Giam ot ngot ap suat: t thap phan rieng c a ngay vao be cha P thng lng
condensat on nh thap hn nhieu
Do: giam ot ngot P, t thap phan rieng cac H/C nhe (C2,C3,C4) chay manh ra, cuon theo lng ln
hydrocarbon nang (C5)
-Thu hoi condensat P P
max
(P
1
) trong ong dan kh tao condensat khi ha P giam cong
suat, tac ong ngng tu P
max
va T < T
ong
dan
-Neu khong c tuan thu at buong ngat dong e loai het condensat ngng lai trong ong
dan.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hnh VI.3. Buong ngat quang dong
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
II. Mot so s o cong nghe thu hoi condensat
II.1. Phng phap ngng tu
S dung nhiet lanh nhan c nh tiet lu trong
ong long e lam kho kh va thu hoi condensat
Giai oan au che bien mo kh co ap suat cao
(49,1MPa) thap tach nhiet o thap (TTNT), trong
o kh giam ap trong ong long nhiet o am.
Giam ap kh i 100 kg/cm2 T giam 30
o
tao
lng nc va condensat H/C .
2 he TTNT
Hnh VI.4. S o nguyen tac lam kho kh bang nhiet lanh co tao thanh hydrat trong thap tach.
1- Lo nung e gia nhiet kh; 2- ong long ( tiet lu); 3- Van ba thong ; 4- thap tach nhiet o thap ; 5- ong
ruot ga e nong chay hydrat; 6- thao condensat t ong; 7- ng vong; 8- may lanh ( kh- kh) ; 9- ieu
chnh nhiet o; 10-tach- loai nc.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hnh VI.5. S o nguyen tac lam kho kh bang nhiet lanh vi chat c che tao hydrat.
1- Ong phoi; 2- thap tach xoay dong thang; 3- may lanh ( trao oi nhiet); 4- ong long; 5- thap nhiet o thap vi
sang; 6- van ba thong; 7- ong dan kh; 8- mang o; 9- ong thu hoi; 10- be lang; 11- may bm phoi lieu.
I- Kh nguyen lieu; II- kh co t=+30
o
C, p=196 MN/m
2
; III- kh co t=+20
o
C, p=196 MN/m
2
; IV- kh kho co t=-25
o
C, p=58,8
MN/m
2
; V- kh kho co t=-15
o
C, p=58,8 MN/m
2
;VI-condensat; VII- DEG t thap hoan nguyen; VIII - DEG ve thap hoan
nguyen; IX- kh kho ; X- nc
Thap tach NT loai II (s dung DEG
khong tao hydrat trc ong long)
+ Kh t gieng khoan thap tach xoay 2 (chat
long tach ra) may lanh 3 lam lanh nh kh lanh
P thap t thap tach 5), them DEG loang vao kh
trc khi vao may lanh Kh + DEG tiet lu trong
ong long 4 thap tach nhiet o thap 5
+ Kh lanh, kho, ap suat thap (5,9 MPa) van ba
thong trao oi nhiet 3 ong dan kh 7 ong
thu hoi 9.
+ Tren ong dan 7 lap mang o 8 e ieu chnh
manomet.
+ Condensat t thap tach 5 t vao the tch 10 (lang
nc + DEG va condensat).
DEG hoan nguyen trong thap bay hi- giai hap
Condensat H/C loai kh bang giam ap suat 2-
hoac 3 bac
+ Lam lanh va tach condensat cung co the thc
hien nh s dung nhiet lanh trong cac thiet b lam
lanh.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Lam kho va tach condesat t kh thien nhien trong thiet b hap phu
T
hap phu
= +5 en +40
o
C loai nc va tach condensat hoan toan khong
tao hydrat hoac tch luy condensat -50
o
C.
Kha nang hap phu:
- Hoat o tnh: trang thai bao hoa hoan toan T va P cho trc trong ieu kien can bang
(g/100g chat hap phu)
- Hoat o ong: trang thai ng thi trong ieu kien hien tai cua thiet b
Trc tien H/C long (C5+) C3, C4 c bao hoa dan en mot thi iem khong
b hap thu va b cuon i e nhan c nhieu condensat hn hap phu chu trnh ngan
(HPCTN)
cua chu trnh HPCTN: 20-30 phut (chu trnh dai: 8-12 h).
ieu kien: lam viec lien tuc cua van ba thong t ong, o kht cao
HPCTN b han che bi qua trnh giai hap cham H/C
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Thiet b HPCHN: chu trnh hoan nguyen kn hoac h.
Xet thiet b chu trnh hoan nguyen kn (hnh VI.7):
-Kh thap tach C1 (tach cac giot chat long) Kh chia thanh 3 dong:
+ dong I (80%) thap hap phu A1( hi nc, C3-C4, va (C5+) c lay ra);
+ dong II (10%) dung cho giai hap: lo nung P (T=300-350
o
C) thap hap phu A2 : Kh nong bao
hoa hi nc va H/C nang thap ngng tu K thap tach C2 ( phan tach pha kh va long).
Kh a kho va loai xang t C2 ong chnh II hoac hap phu lai,
Nc thai ra kenh thai,
Condensat be E1, E2, E3 (ha dan P, condensat c on nh).
Sau o thiet b t ong van khoa, a 80% kh vao thap hap phu A3
Thap A1 c hoan nguyen
Thap A2 c lam lanh bang kh lanh va v.v.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hnh VI.6. S o nguyen tac thiet b hap phu chu trnh ngan e lam kho va tach condensat t kh.
A1, A2, A3 - thap hap phu; C1 va C2- thap tach nam ngang co sang; P- lo nung e nung nong kh giai
hap; K- thap ngng tu ( may lanh); E1, E2, E3 - be e cha va "phong hoa " condensat; 1-17- van t ong ,
truyen ong t ong c ien.
I- Kh nguyen lieu; II- kh kho loai xang; III- kh on nh; IV- condensat on nh.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Thiet b HPCTN vi chu trnh h la co thoi kh (nen kh) dung e nung nong kh giai hap
theo chu trnh kn.
Hieu qua cua thiet b HPCTN phu thuoc vao:
1) Cong suat: Tang cong suat lam giam hieu qua lam viec cua thiet b ; tang that thoat
H/C nang.
2) Thi gian cua chu trnh va phan bo thi gian
3) Thanh phan kh thien nhien;
4) Chieu cao lp hap phu: lp hap phu cang cao thiet b lam viec cang hieu qua, nhng
chieu cao lp hap phu > 5 m tang ton ap (1,5 lan) Chieu cao toi u: 3 5 m.
ng dung HPCTN: [C5+] sau thap tach C1 < 30 cm
3
/m
3
kh,
u iem: dien ra P P
max
.
Khuyet iem: s dung cac van co o kht cao va at .
Cac van lam viec di P ln va T cao ( 350
o
C)
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
II.3. Thu hoi condensat t kh thien nhien va kh dau trong thiet b hap thu dau.
HTD ng dung cho cac kh rat beo, thu hoi sau C5+, C3-C4 T cao
P =12,7 MPa; T = 30-35
o
C:
Hap thu dau:
C5+
= 100%;
C4
= 90%;
C3
= 60%
Hap phu CTN:
C5+
= 80%;
C4
= 60%;
C3
= 40%
Tach nhiet o thap: T= -15
o
C va P = P
max

C5+
= 70%;
C4
= 50%;
C3
= 30%
hap thu dau co hieu qua cao nhat.
Khuyet iem so vi cac thiet b ke tren la : khong lam kho kh.
xay dng HTD + thiet b lam kho kh DEG va TEG.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hnh VI.7. S o nguyen tac thiet b hap thu dau.
1- Thu gom kh t tram nen; 2- - may lanh; 3- thap hap thu; 4- bay giot; 5- thap phong hoa (deetan hoa );
6,9- trao oi nhiet; 7- lo nung; 8- thap giai hap ( thap bay hi); 10,12 - may lanh; 11- thap tach; 13,14,15-
may bm; 16- thung lam nguoi; 17- be cha condensat khong on nh.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
-Kh ong hanh (a tach bac hai va ba), nen may lam lanh 2 thap hap thu.
-Trong thap hap thu 3 :
+ kh vao ong dan chnh
+ Chat hap thu "beo" bao hoa hi H/C nang thap phong hoa 5 (P
5
< P
3
metan va etan tach ra)
-T thap 5: chat hap thu "beo" trao oi nhiet 6 (nung nong) lo nung 7 (T= 250
o
C) gia
thap giai hap 8( T cao, P thap)
e ay manh qua trnh giai hap, a vao phan di thap 8 kh t thap phong hoa nong.
-T thap giai hap 8:
+ T nh thap hi H/C nang may lanh 10 (ngng tu) thap tach 11,
Condensat may bm 14 ti thap giai hap 8,
be condesat 17
+ ay thap : Chat hap thu nong trao oi nhiet 9 va 6 may lanh 12 (T =20oC) may bm 13
thap hap thu 3
- Chu trnh lam lanh chat hap thu nong bang nc tuan hoan kn trong thung lam lanh 16 va may
bm nen 15.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Chat hap thu: dau nhn nhe va kerosen M = 100-140.
-Chat hap thu cang nhe, hieu qua hap thu H/C nang cang cao.
-Chi ph chat hap thu 0,5 2,5 l/ m3 kh
- Kh vi tha so condensat cao s dung chat hap thu la condensat on nh va lanh qua
trnh khong can tuan hoan n gian hoa thiet b, giam chi ph ien nang cho qua trnh tach
tang nang suat condensat len 50-60%.
-T
hap phu
giam i (-5oC), P tang hap phu tang.
2 giai oan tach condensat trong thiet b HTD:
1) hap thu dau;
2) phan oan kh : hai phng an:
1) tach lan lt cac nguyen to nang
2) tach phan oan H/C, sau o phan rieng lan lt thanh cac nguyen to
Phng an hai kinh te hn va nhan c phan oan C3, C4 va hexan sach hn.
My HTD chiem 95% tong khoi lng kh che bien
Canada la 80%.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
II.4. Cong nghe che bien condesat
S o cong nghe ngng tu NT va on nh condensat hnh VI.9:
Bo phan chuan b tong hp (CBTH)
-Kh t gieng khoan bo phan CBTH (VI.9a) n/m che bien kh (cach nhau 30-60 km)
-Trong n/m CBTH: ngng tu nhiet o thap + chat c che tao hydrat giam o am (50-60%) tranh
an mon
-Kh (P =13,0-11,0 MPa va T = 5-16oC) thap tach th nhat 2 trao oi nhiet 3 (lam lanh) tiet lu
en 6,8 MPa thap tach 5.
-Kh t thap tach NT ( P = 6,8 MPa; t = -22
o
C)
+ Kh: lam kho va lam sach (bo phan lam kho va lam sach 6),
+ condensat
-Chat long t thap tach 2 tiet lu ( P = P
5
) thap tach ba pha 1
-Trong 1:
+ metanol bao hoa nc.
+ Condensat + condensat t (5) ong dan condensat n/m che bien kh (che bien thanh condensat on nh
vi ap suat hi 64,5 kPa 38
o
C, phan oan H/C va kh nhien lieu ( phan oan metan-etan).
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
S o on nh condensat (OC) cua nha may che bien kh (VI.9 b)
Condensat (P = 4,0 MPa) be cha 7 giam P trao oi nhiet 8 (tang T) be 9 (P = 1,4 MPa): kh tach ra.
Condensat trao oi nhiet 10 (nung nong en 0
o
C) mam 7 cua thap on nh 11 (thap debutan: 19 mam, P = 0,75 MPa,
T
tren
= 67
o
C, T
di
=167
o
C).
T thap 11:
+ Kh on nh thap hap thu 17(lam sach lu huynh) s o phan chia phan oan H/C( hnh VI.9.c)
S o phan chia phan oan H/C ( hnh VI.9.c)
Thap hap thu -bay hi 18 : (tach C3+)
+ nh: kh deetan bo phan cap kh
+ ay : chat hap thu bao hoa C3+ thap 20
Thap giai hap 20: bay hi H/C b hap thu
+ nh: phan oan H/C be cha
+ ay: chat hap thu tuan hoan
Chat hap thu: condensat on nh
Thap HTBH : P = 0,6 MPa, T
tren
= 59
o
C, T
kh
= 82
o
C.
Thap giai hap : P = 1,5 MPa, T
tren
= 127
o
C, T
di
=160
o
C.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
C
3+

Hnh VI.8. S o nguyen tac tach nhiet o thap va on nh kh condensat
a- X nghiep chuan b kh; b- thiet b on nh condensat; c- phan tach phan oan hydrocarbon.
1- Thap tach ba pha; 2, 5 - thap tach; 3, 8, 10, 19, 21 - trao oi nhiet; 4- van tiet lu; 6- cum lam kho va lam sach kh; 7,9,16,21 - be cha; 11- thap
on nh; 12- may lanh khong kh; 13- thap ngng tu; 14- may bm; 15- noi soi lai; 17- thap hap phu; 18- thap hap thu- hi nc; 20- thap giai hap.
I - Kh t gieng khoan; II- dung dch metanol bao hoa; III- dung dch metanol hoan nguyen; III- kh san pham; V- kh phong hoa; VI- chat tai nhiet; VII-
condensat on nh; VIII- nc lam lanh; IX- dung dch amin hoan nguyen; X- dung dch amin bao hoa; XI- kh deetan; XII- phan oan H/C.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
NTNT co kha nang chuan b tot kh cho van tai NTNT lam lanh noi va ngoai la bo phan bat buoc trong cum
che bien s cap kh cha condensat
Cac giai phap cong nghe tiep theo co the khac nhau:
-e tach hoan toan san pham chnh, nhan phan oan H/C va xang on nh s dung HTNT;
-Co the s dung deetan hoa (demetan hoa) va tiep tuc phan chia condensat thanh LPG va xang on nh, hoac H/C
n chat va xang on nh trong cac thap chng cat.
Thiet b on nh nam ngoai phan vi NTNT van chuyen condensat phc tap hn (tao nut kh, pha v che o lam
viec bnh thng cua ong dan condensat)
Tach kh t condensat trong ong dan dao ong manh P (~ 2 lan) lam xau che o lam viec cua thiet b.
Thiet b deetan hoa condensat trong to hp vi NTNT ong dan condensat lam viec bnh thng va tan dung kh
deetan hoa, thu hoi tot nhiet va nhiet lanh.
e giam au t tien hanh che bien kh condensat trc tiep tren mo khai thac e nhan c kh kho de van
chuyen va phan oan H/C.
Phan oan H/C c che bien trong cac nha may khai thac kh va dau; Condensat co the khong can on nh trc tiep
trong x nghiep khai thac.
Kh thien nhien co o "gay" cao hn khong s dung thap CCNT.
oi vi ca kh ong va kh thien nhien, tot nhat nen che bien theo mot s o hoan thien H/C n chat va xang
on nh
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
KH THY NGN, N
2
, He
1- Qu trnh kh Nit v Hli
- Qu trnh tch Nit c th thc hin bng phng php lm lnh vi cc iu
kin ph thuc vo hng s dng Nit sau ny. Hoc c th tch Nit bng
mng thm thu hoc s dng cc cht hp ph.
- Cn hm lng ca Hli trong thnh phn ca kh thin nhin rt nh. Tuy
nhin, trong thc t ngi ta thy rng nu kh thin nhin cha nhiu Nit th
cng Thng cha nhiu Hli.
- Hin nay, lng Hli tiu th trn th gii ch yu c tch ra t kh thin
nhin, tp trung nhiu nht l M. Ty theo hm lng Nit m qu trnh tch
Hli c th lin hp hoc khng lin hp vi qu trnh tch Nit.
- Hli thu c phi c tinh ch t c tinh khit cao vo khong
99,995 %.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
KH THY NGN, N
2
, He
2- Qu trnh kh Thy ngn
C nhiu phng php kh Thy ngn :
- Kh Thy ngn bng than c hot ha bi lu hunh
- S dng dung dch oxy ha mnh nh Permanganate de
potassium K
2
Cr
2
O
7
oxy ha nguyn t Thy ngn ;
- Gi Thy ngn li bng mt tng ZnO
- Kh Thy ngn bng cch lng di dng sulfure Thy
ngn trn mt lp bi nhm. Phng php ny cho hiu sut
kh Thy ngn rt cao, c th t n 99,98 % v ng thi
c th kh c c Arsenic.
25
Cng ngh ch bin kh
NH MY CH BIN KH DINH C
I. Tn gi v tr s:
- Tn gi y : Chi nhnh cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Tng cng ty Kh- Cng ty ch bin
Kh Vng Tu
- Tn vit tt: KVT
- Tr s Cng ty: 101 ng L Li, Phng 6, Thnh ph Vng Tu, tnh B Ra Vng Tu.
- in thoi lin h: 064.250150; 064.250151; 064.833622; 064.591795; 064.837069; 064.839812;
- Fax : 064.838257
26
Cng ngh ch bin kh
II. Ngnh ngh kinh doanh:
- Vn chuyn, tng tr, ch bin kh v sn phm kh
- Kinh doanh dch v Cng, kho bi
- Qun l, vn hnh cc cng trnh, d n kh v lin quan n kh
- Nghin cu ng dng trong lnh vc tng tr,ch bin kh v sn phm kh
- Cung cp dch v o to vn hnh h thng cng trnh kh
- Nhp khu vt t, thit b v phng tin phc v cho cng trnh kh
- Cc ngnh ngh kinh doanh khc khi c Tng cng ty kh giao, tun th cc quy nh
ca php lut.
27
Cng ngh ch bin kh
III. CHC NNG - NHIM V CA NH MY:
- Tip nhn v x l ngun kh ng hnh t m Bch
H, Rng ng v cc m khc trong b Cu Long.
- Phn phi sn phm kh kh n cc nh my in,
m v cc h tiu th cng nghip.
- Bm sn phm LPG, condensate sau ch bin n
cng PV Gas Vng Tu tng cha v xut xung tu
ni a.
- Xut LPG cho cc nh phn phi ni a bng xe bn
(khi cn).
28
Cng ngh ch bin kh
IV. S LC V NH MY:
Nh my kh ho lng (LPG) u tin ca Vit Nam c khi cng xy dng ngy 04/10/1997
c xy dng ti Dinh C thuc x An Ngi, huyn Long in, tnh B Ra- Vng Tu vi din
tch 89.600 km
2
.
Nh my c thit k vi cng sut u vo 1,5 t m
3
kh/nm v c 3 giai on vn hnh
theo ch nhm p ng tin cung cp sn phm.
- Giai on thit b cc ti thiu (AMF) ch sn xut condensate n nh vi cng sut 342
tn/ngy v 3,8 triu m3 kh/ngy, hot ng vo thng 10/1998.
- Giai on thit k ti thiu (MF) sn xut condensate n nh vi cng sut 380 tn/ngy, hn
hp butan- propan vi cng sut 629 tn/ngy v 3,5 triu m
3
/ngy kh kh, hot ng vo thng
12/1998.
- Giai on nh my hon chnh (GPP) sn xut condensate n nh, butan v propan c
tch c lp v kh kh. Giai on hon chnh vi cng sut kh u vo l 1,5 t m
3
kh/nm thu
hi propan: 537 tn/ngy; butan 417 tn/ngy; condensate: 402 tn/ngy v kh kh:3,34 triu
m
3
/ngy. Giai on ny s dng cng ngh Turbo-Expander vi kh nng thu hi sn phm lng
cao.
Cc sn phm lng t nh my Dinh C c dn qua 3 ng ng 6 inch ti kho cng Th
Vi di 25km, t y s a n cc h tiu th, phn phi nguyn liu cho cc ngnh cng
nghip, dn dng dn thay th sn phm cng loi nhp t nc ngoi.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
- Ti Dinh C c trang b kho cha cho c 3 loi sn phm nhm bo m cho nh my hot
ng trong trng hp ng ng dn sn phm c s c.
- Kh ho lng c th xut theo t l pha trn m khch hng yu cu: propan, butan ring bit
hoc hn hp theo cc t l 70:30, 60:40, 50:50.
- Sn phm lng u tin ca nh my c cung cp cho SaigonPetro ngy 22/10/1998 l
1.313 tn condensate.
- Ngy 12/12/1998 Nh my x l kh Dinh C cung cp 200 tn kh ho lng u tin cho hai
khch hng l VT Gas v SaigonPetro. Nm u tin (1998) cung cp ra th trng 1.014 tn, nm
2000: 268.366 tn, nm 2006: 338.000 tn, n nay, tng cng cung cp cho khch hng 2,7
triu tn LPG, tng doanh thu LPG t 17 t ng.
- Ngy 08/05/1999 PV GAS xut khu 1.750 tn LPG. LPG ca nh my x l kh Dinh C
c mt trn th trng nc ngoi.
- Ngy 09/07/1999, khnh thnh nh my ti Dinh C
- Cui nm 2002, Nh my x l kh Dinh C tip nhn thm khong 1 triu m
3
/ngy t m
Rng ng, ln 5.7 triu m
3
/ngy. m bo p sut u vo ca h thng, nh my lp t
cm my nn u vo ngy 27/01/2002.

30
Cng ngh ch bin kh
V. NGUN NGUYN LIU SN XUT:
V.1. Nguyn liu u vo theo thit k:
Kh ng hnh t m Bch H t ngoi
khi Vng Tu c vn chuyn bng
ng ng dn 16 inch ti Long Hi v
c x l ti Nh my x l kh Dinh C.
- p sut: 10900 kPa
- Nhit : 25.6
0
C
- Lu lng: 1.5 t m
3
/nm (4.3 triu
m
3
/ngy trn c s vn hnh 350 ngy)
- Hm lng nc: bo ha (trn thc t
th hm lng nc trong kh c x l
ti gin)
- Thnh phn kh:
31
Cng ngh ch bin kh
Nguyn liu u vo theo thc t vn hnh hin nay:
- T nm 2002, nh my tip nhn thm ngun kh ng hnh t m Rng ng
c a vo gin nn trung tm qua ng ng 16 inch di khong 40km th thnh
phn kh vo b thay i nh sau:
32
Cng ngh ch bin kh
V.2. Kim tra ngun nguyn liu:
Cc thng s cn kim sot:
- Hm lng hydrocarbon
- Cc tp cht c hi: H
2
O, S, Hg
- Kh tr: CO, N
2

- p sut & lu lng dng kh.
+ Cc thng s ny c kim tra ngay ti gin thng qua h thng
Analyzer online. Thnh phn kh c cp nht 3 pht/ln v tng i n
nh.
Kim sot hm lng H
2
O bng ng h o im sng c lp t ti
gin, thng thng sau 2 gi kim tra mt ln.
+ Do hm lng kh n nh nn vic kim tra hm lng Hg c thc
hin hng thng v hm lng lu hunh c thc hin hng qu.
+ Khi thnh phn, lu lng c thay i, nh my phi tin hnh a vo
m hnh m phng, nh gi ti u kim sot v thay i ch cng
ngh. V d: khi hm lng nc cao, phi theo di hot ng ca thp V-06,
thay i chu k hp ph ca thp.
+ c bit lu kim sot hm lng condensate trong ng ng.
33
Cng ngh ch bin kh
VI. SN PHM CA NH
MY:
Cc sn phm kh ca nh
my x l kh Dinh C bao
gm: kh kh thng phm,
condensate, hn hp bupro,
propane, butane.
34
Cng ngh ch bin kh
158
268
298
259
112
134
148
132
118
107
81
72
353
1
352
372 372
338
282
158
80
9
183
281
532
900
1,027
1,179
1,617
1,613
1,223
1,233
1,577
1,618 1,623
1,265
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
LPG
Condensate
Kh kh
Hnh VI.9: Biu th hin sn lng ca nh my giai on 1995 - 2008
35
Cng ngh ch bin kh
VII: QUY TRNH CNG NGH
m bo cho vic vn hnh nh my c linh hot phng
mt s thit b chnh ca nh my b s c, v hot ng ca nh my
c lin tc khi thc hin bo dng, sa cha cc thit b khng gy
nh hng n vic cung cp kh cho nh my in, m, nh my
c lp t v hot ng theo cc ch chnh:
- Ch AMF: Absolute Minimum Facility,
- Ch MF: Minimum Facility,
- Ch GPP: Gas Processing Plant,
- Ch MGPP: Modified Gas Processing Plant.
36
Cng ngh ch bin kh
CH AMF ABSOLUTE MINIMUM FACILITY:
- Ch AMF l ch hot ng ti thiu, s dng nhng ng
ng dn chnh ca nh my. Trong ch ny, qu trnh kh nc
khng c thc hin.
- Ngun kh ng hnh t m sau khi c tch s b ti Slug
Catcher s c a ti my nn Jet Compressor, p sut u ra ti
my nn c duy tr 45 bar. My nn Jet Compressor c nhim
v duy tr p sut thp Deethanizer lun 20 bar. Mc ch chnh
ca ch AMF l cung cp ngun kh cho nh my in m,
lng lng thu hi c rt t.
37
Cng ngh ch bin kh
SLUG CATCHER
SC-01/02
25
o
C, 109 bar
E-07
hot oil
water
DEETHANIZER
inlet: 29
o
C, 109 bar
ME-13
Gas Metering
SALES GAS
3.95 MNm
3
/Day
49 bar
C-01
LV-0131
20
o
C, 75 bar
EJ-01
PV-1209
RECTIFIER
2.7
o
C, 45 bar
hot oil
ME-24
Cooler
CONDENSATE
330 Ton/Day
8 bar
E-09
20.7
o
C, 45 bar
outlet: 45 bar
Pressure: 20 bar
Top tray: 64
o
C
Buttom tray: 194
o
C
14
th
tray
top tray
Off and On
Shore Pipeline
C-05
V-03
V-15
TK-21
20
o
C, 75 bar
SLUG CATCHER
LIQUID FLASH DRUM
V-08
FV-1701
E-04
Hnh VI.10: S cng ngh ch AMF - Absolute Minimum Facility
38
Cng ngh ch bin kh
CH MF MINIMUM FACILITY:
- Mt vi thit b c thm vo gm: Dehydration Adsorber (V-06A/B), Cold
Gas/Gas Exchanger (E-14), Gas/Cold Liquid Exchanger (E-20), Deethanizer
OVHD Compressor (K-01) v Stabilizer (C-02).
- ch MF, kh gas sau khi c kh nc s c lm lnh qua 2 thit
b trao i nhit, c 2 dng ny u ng vai tr nhp liu cho thp Rectifier
nhm tch lng lng c trong dng kh. Kh sau khi c tch lng li thp
Rectifier c nhit thp c dng lm lnh cho dng nhp liu, sau c
a vo h thng ng dn kh thng phm n nh my in, m. p sut
hot ng ti thp Deethanizer c iu chnh bi mt my nn ngoi.
- Mc ch chnh ca ch MF l thu hi sn phm lng, trong qu trnh
gin n khng ng vai tr chnh. Thp tch C3/C4 Splitter khng c s
dng trong ch ny, do sn phm lng ch gm condensate v bupro
(hn hp ca propane v butane).
39
Cng ngh ch bin kh
SLUG CATCHER
SC-01/02
25
o
C, 109 bar
E-07
hot oil
water
DEETHANIZER
ME-13
Gas Metering
SALES GAS
3.95 MNm
3
/Day
49 bar
C-01
LV-0131
RECTIFIER
hot oil
ME-24
Cooler
CONDENSATE
380 Ton/Day
8 bar
E-09
Pressure: 29 bar
Top tray: 6
o
C
Buttom tray: 120
o
C
20
th
tray
top tray
Off and On
Shore Pipeline
C-05
V-03
V-15
TK-21
20
o
C, 75 bar
SLUG CATCHER
LIQUID FLASH DRUM
F-01A/B
V-08
V
-
0
6
A
K-04A/B
E-09
K-01
E-14
V-07
V-12
water
hot oil
E-02
ME-13
BUPRO
640 Ton/Day
13 bar
V-21A/B
V-02 Cooler
2
nd
3
rd
tray
PV-1305A/B
STABILIZER
Pressure: 11 bar
Top tray: 60
o
C
Buttom tray: 154
o
C
Pressure: 47.5 bar
Top tray: -18.5
o
C
Buttom tray: -26.8
o
C V
-
0
6
B
DEHYDRATION
ADSORBERS
FV-1001
109 to 47.5 bar
FV-1701
FV-0501C
Out: -7.9
o
C, 45 bar
E-20
E-04
hot oil
E-18
Hnh VI.11: S cng ngh ch MF Minimum Facility
40
Cng ngh ch bin kh
CH GPP GAS PROCESSING PLANT:
S dng:
Trong ch GPP, mt vi thit b c thm vo so
vi ch MF bao gm: thp Gas Stripper (C-04), my
nn Turbo Expander/Compressor (CC-01), my nn
Expanded Deethanizer OVHD Compressor (K-02) v 2nd
Stage OVHD Gas Compressor (K-03) vi mt ng c
kh dn ng, thp C3/C4 Splitter (C-03)
- Qu trnh tch nc
- Qu trnh x l dng condensate
41
Cng ngh ch bin kh
SLUG CATCHER
SC-01/02
25
o
C, 109 bar
E-07
hot oil
water
DEETHANIZER
SALES GAS
3.44 MNm
3
/Day
47 bar
PV-2002
RECTIFIER
ME-24
Cooler
CONDENSATE
400 Ton/Day
8 bar
Pressure: 29 bar
Top tray: 14
o
C
Buttom tray: 96
o
C
Off and On
Shore Pipeline
C-05
V-03
20
o
C, 75 bar
SLUG CATCHER
LIQUID FLASH DRUM
F-01A/B
V-08
V
-
0
6
A
K-04A/B
E-09
E-14
V-07
E-02
BUPRO
V-02 Cooler
STABILIZER
Pressure: 11 bar
Top tray: 43
o
C
Buttom tray: 141
o
C
Pressure: 33.5 bar
Top tray: -43
o
C
Buttom tray: -20
o
C
V
-
0
6
B
DEHYDRATION
ADSORBERS
FV-1001
109 to 47.5 bar
to V-03
hot oil
V-15
C-01
K-01
K-02
K-03
water
C-04
GAS STRIPPER
Pressure: 47 bar
Top tray: 44
o
C
Bottom tray: 40
o
C
hot oil
V-02 Cooler
C3/C4 SPLITTER
Pressure: 16 bar
Top tray: 45.5
o
C
Buttom tray: 95
o
C
hot oil
E-11
ME-13
Gas Metering
ME-13
BUTANE
415 Ton/Day
9 bar
PROPANE
535 Ton/Day
13 bar
E-15
E-04
E-17
CC 01
Turbo Expander
E-08
top tray, -23
o
C
14
th
or 20
th
tray
C-02
C-03
FV-1201
FV-1701
FV-1301
hot oil
E-18
Hnh VI.12: S cng ngh ch GPP Gas Processing Plant
42
Cng ngh ch bin kh
43
Cng ngh ch bin kh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D PHNG (0.5 gi)
TNG P (di 0.5 gi)
HP PH
(di 8 gi)
GIM P (di 0.5 gi)
GIA NHIT
(trn 4.26 gi)
LM NGUI
(trn 2.25 gi)
THI GIAN
(gi)
THIT B 1 THIT B 2
Hnh VI.13: Biu thi gian hp ph v ti sinh.
44
Cng ngh ch bin kh
to Flare
PSV-0552A PSV-0552B
E-15
M
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
to Flare
to Flare
Regeneration Gas
to Dehydration Separator
(V-07)
Regeneration Gas
from Gas Dehydration Regeneration Gas
Heater E-18 (MF/GPP)
R
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

b
y
p
a
s
s

6

i
n
c
h
KV-0553A
KV-0552A
KV-0553B
KV-0552B
F-01A
F-01B
Wet Gas
from Dehydration Inlet
Filter/Separator
(V-08)
12 inch
KV-0551A KV-0551B
KV-0554A KV-0554B
Wet Gas
to EJ-01
(AMF)
Dry Gas
to Cold Gas/Gas Exchanger (E-14)
Gas/Cold Liquid Exchanger (E-20)
(MF/GPP)
Hnh VI.14: S b tr thit b ti cm Dehydration Adsorbers (V-06A/B)
45
Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hnh VI.15: Cm thp Deethanizer (gm thp C-01, bnh V-15, reboiler
E-01B) bn tri, thp Rectifier (C-05) gia v thp Stabilizer (C-02)
bn phi.
46
Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hnh 3.10: V tr t thit b trong nh my, (t phi
qua tri) bnh V-05, thp C3/C4 Splitter (C-03), thp
C-04 (Gas Stripper), bnh V-02, thp Stabilizer (C-02),
thp Rectifier (C-05) v thp Deethanizer (C-01)
47
Cng ngh ch bin kh
CC THIT B AN TON:
H thng uc t:
H thng uc t c thit k chuyn lng gas ca nh my
thng qua cc van p sut an ton, van iu khin p sut ti ni v tr an
ton t.
H thng x kn:
H thng x kn (Closed Drain) c thit k chuyn lng phn lng
x ca nh my thng cc van gim nhit hoc h thng x bng bng cch
gia nhit ln v lm bay hi.Lu lng t hydrocarbon lng ti a ca hm
t l 8.9 m
3
/h
48
Cng ngh ch bin kh
CC THIT B PH TR:
H thng methanol thm vo:
Methanol c s dng c ch s hnh thnh tinh th hydrate
trong cc qu trnh lm lnh ca nh my v cng lm mt hydrate ti
nhng ch m tinh th hydrate hnh thnh. Methanol a vo nh my
bng nhng bnh cha, sau c tho ra chuyn ti bn Methanol
Tank (V-25) dng ng ng knh 750 mm v chiu cao 3500 mm.
H thng to mi:
Cht to mi c thm vo sn phm nhm mc ch pht hin s r
r ca sn phm trong qu trnh vn chuyn v s dng kh. Cht to mi
c s dng l alkyl mercaptan vi nng 40 60 ppm.
49
Cng ngh ch bin kh
VII. CC NGUYN TC AN TON CHUNG KHI LM VIC VI LPG
1. CC C TNH AN TON CA LPG:
- LPG l mt cht rt d chy v c th n khi hn hp vi khng kh
- LPG th kh hi nng hn khng kh, dng kh LPG c th lan xa,
tip xc vi cc ngun la v lan ngc tr li bn hoc chai cha
- LPG c th t li trong khng gian kn gy nguy c cao v n v c
- Khi cha trong cc bnh v bn kn, LPG thng tn ti dng kh
ha lng, khi hp th nhit t bn ngoi (nh nng, nhit t ngn la,
cc ngun nhit khc), p sut bn trong bn hoc chai s tng ln c
th gy nguy him cho thit b v con ngi
50
Cng ngh ch bin kh
2. CC NH HNG CA LPG I VI SC KHO
2.1. Cc nh hng ca LPG ln h h hp:
- nng thp di 0,1% kh LPG khng phi l cht c hi.
- nng di 1% LPG khng gy ra triu chng c bit no
- Nng LPG cho php lm vic lu di l 0,25%
- Nng kh LPG trn 1% c th gy ra chong nh sau vi pht,
tuy nhin khng gy kch thch r rt ln mi v hng
- LPG l cht gy ngt. Nng LPG qu cao c th chim ch ca
Oxy trong khng kh v gy ngt. S thiu oxy bt u xy ra khi
nng Oxy thp hn 18%.
51
Cng ngh ch bin kh
2.2. Cc triu chng khi thiu oxy:
- T 12 - 16%: th gp
- T 10 - 14%: cm gic mt mi bt thng, ri lon cm xc
- T 6 - 10%: nn i v mt kh nng t ch
- Di 6%: co git v suy h hp, c th dn n t vong
2.3. Cc nh hng ca LPG ln da:
- LPG th kh khng c nh hng ln da
- LPG lng phun ra di p sut c th gy hin tng bng lnh. Nu
bng nh c th gy t cng, au nhi nh kim chm v nga vng da b
bng. Nu bng nng s c cm gic chy rt, da b bt trng hoc c mu
vng. Vng da b bng b phng gip v c th b hoi th.
2.4. Cc nh hng ca LPG ln mt:
- LPG dng hi khng gy cay mt.
- LPG lng bn vo mt c th gy ng bng ti mt v gy m
2.5. Cc nh hng khc:
Ngi ta khng ghi nhn c cc nh hng khc, c th LPG khng
gy ung th, khng nh hng n kh nng sinh sn v khng nh
hng n thai nhi

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