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CNG NGH
CH BIN KH
Trng i hc Cng nghip
TS. Nguyn Mnh Hun
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
Gin pha in hnh cho n cht trong h ta P, V, T, gm
Hnh II.1. Gin pha P-V-T cho n cht
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
I. Trng thi pha ca n cht trong h trc p sut- nhit
Hnh II.2. S trng thi pha ca n cht
trong h trc P - T
Cc ng HD, HC v FH:
cc ng cn bng
H: im ba pha
FH: pha rn c th thng hoa
thnh kh
HD: ng cn bng gia
pha rn v lng (ng bo
ha rn lng hoc cn bng
rn lng).
HC: ng cn bng hi
lng, ng p sut hi,
ng im bong bng hay
ng im sng.
C - im ti hn vi nhit
ti hn (Tc) v p sut ti hn
(Pc).
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
Hnh II.3. Ap sut hi ca n-parafin theo im si chun
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
II. Gin pha ca h a cu t
Hnh II.4. Gin pha in hnh cho h a
cu t
Mt s k hiu:
Cricondenbar - im N.
Cricondentherm - im M.
Vng thoi ha (ngng t
ngc).
ng cht lng - % hi c
nh, qua C v song song vi
ng bong bng v ng im
sng.
ng to bong bng - 0% hi
ng im sng - 100% hi.
ng ABDE: qu trnh ngng t
ngc ng
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
III. 1Tc ng ca thnh phn h.
Hnh II.5. nh hng ca
thnh phn ln bao pha
ca h metan-propan.
Hnh II.6. V tr qu tch ti
hn ca mt s h nh
nguyn
metan + propan: thnh
phn nh hng n dng
v v tr ca bao pha.
Qu tch ti hn - ng
ni tt c cc nh ca
bao pha, bt u t C
ca metan n C propan
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
III.2 nh hng ca tp cht
Hnh II.7. nh hng ca
CO
2
, H
2
v N
2
ln bao pha
ca kh thin nhin
a) CO
2
c) N
2

b) H
2
S
P
T
P
T
P
T
Cc tp cht phi
hydrocarbon: nc, CO
2
,
H
2
S v N
2
.
Nc c p sut hi bo
ha thp v khng trn ln
trong hydrocarbon lng
khng nh hng ln
dng bao pha
nh hng ca CO
2
,
H
2
S v N
2
:
+ Thm lng CO
2
v
H
2
S: pha cht lng dy
c s c hnh thnh
p sut thp
+ Etan, propan v butan:
tng t.
+ N
2
: gim kh nng
trn ln.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
IV. 1 ng dng ca gin pha trong ch bin kh
Hnh II.8. ng dng bao pha biu din cc
loi ging du, kh
Ging (1): ging du en: ch
di bo ha. Ti im im bong
bng: hn hp du v kh bo ha.
Ging (2): ging du nh: bn tri
im C.
T l kh : du > b du en (1).
Du c mu sng hn.
Ging (3): gia C v M : b kh-
condensat: gim P to cht lng,
vn tc kh c th b thay i .Ti
im sng: thnh phn kh trong
ging kh c th thay i.
Ging (4): kh thc: trn im
cridentherm: cht lng khng th to
thnh bt c p sut no.
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
Hnh II.9. Cc bao pha c trng cho 4 loi
ging du- kh
IV. 2 ng Bao Pha
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
IV.3 ng dn p sut cao
Hnh II.10. ng dn p sut cao
I v J : iu kin T v P ti
u vo ng v ra khi ng.
IJ ct ng im sng:
c cht lng hnh thnh
Trnh to cht lng trong
ng dn kh bng hai cch:
+ Loi phn nng trong
kh
+ Thay i iu kin u
vo v ra khi ng: IJ MN

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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Gin pha v ng dng trong
ch bin kh
IV.4 Bm Cht Lng
Hnh II.11. Bm Cht Lng
B



C

A
.
.
.
P
T
Lng
Hi
ng p sut hi
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hng s cn bng pha
I. nh ngha:
- L i lng c trng cho s phn b cc cu t
gia cc pha trong iu kin cn bng

K
i
= y
i
/x
i


- L hm s phc tp ca p sut, nhit v thnh
phn ca cc pha cn bng trong h.

Trng hp l tng: Ki = Pi/P (nh lut Raoult
Dalton)

Phng php tnh hng s cn bng pha:
+ Bng phng php gii tch
+ Bng phng php th


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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hng s cn bng pha
II. Phng php gii tch tnh hng s cn bng pha
- Benedict Webb Rubin
- Redlich Kwong
- Lee Erbar Edmister
- Kalasnicow - Klimenco
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hng s cn bng pha
III. Phng php th tnh hng s cn bng pha
STT Phng php lch trung bnh (%)
1
2
3
4
5
NGPA
Neyrey
Rzaca
Winn
Myers v Lenoir
8.5
7.8
9.3
10.0
7
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hng s cn bng pha
IV. ng dng hng s cn bng pha
1. Xc nh im bong bng
2. Xc nh im sng
3. Xc nh im chp chy
4. Xc nh pha ca hn hp (lng, hi,)
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Cng ngh ch bin kh
Hng s cn bng pha
V. Bi tp:

Xc nh hng s cn bng pha theo phng php Neyrey
Nhm % Cu t
C1 C2 C3 n-C4 n-C5
Tt c 0.8645 0.0486 0.0472 0.0212 0.0185