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Kesedaran (Consciousness)
Kesedaran (Consciousness)
Defining consciousness:
Levels of Awareness
Higher-Level Consciousness
controlled processing
requires attention
Defining consciousness:
Levels of Awareness
Lower-Level Consciousness
Automatic processes
Daydreaming
wandering thoughts
fantasy, imagination, rumination
potentially useful (reminding, solving)
Defining consciousness:
Altered states
Altered States of Consciousness
drug states
fatigue, illness, trauma, deprivation
meditation, hypnosis
mental disorders
Cognitive Studies of
Consciousness: Generally deal
nd
1. Consciousness
with 2
notionfocus:
as attentional
Cognitive Studies of
consciousness: Priming test
Cognitive studies of
consciousness: Exclusion task in
Coconutpalm priming
(tree or wrist?) cons: only
tree/uncon: either
Handpalm (tree or wrist?) cons: only
wrist/uncon: either
Stem completion task: complete BUT_ _ _
(could be butter or butler). What happens
when one is presented earlier either
consciously or unconsciously?) But can only
be excluded consciously
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in
Action (8e)
Cognitive studies of
consciousness: Brain Damaged
1. Blindsight: loss
Subjects
of visual consciousness
The EEG,
EOG, and
EMG are
common
tools for
sleep
research.
safety
energy conservation/ efficiency
Restorative Function
Brain Plasticity
Theories of Dreaming
Historical and Religious Significance
Freuds Psychodynamic Approach
Cognitive Theory
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Sleep Disorders
insomnia
sleep walking, talking, and eating
nightmares and night terrors
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia: persistent
problems in
falling
asleep, staying
asleep,
or awakening too
early
Sleep Apnea: repeated interruption of breathing
during sleep
Narcolepsy: sudden and irresistible onsets of
sleep during normal waking hours
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in
Action (8e)
Sleep disorders
Psychoactive Drugs
Psychoactive
Drugs:
chemicals that
change conscious
awareness, mood,
or perception
Psychoactive Drugs:
Important Terms
Addiction: compulsion to
use a specific drug or to
engage in a certain
activity
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in
Action (8e)
Psychoactive Drugs:
Important Terms
Psychological
Dependence: desire or
craving to achieve effects
produced by drug
Physical Dependence:
bodily processes have
been so modified by
repeated drug use that
continued use is required
to prevent withdrawal
symptoms
Psychoactive Drugs:
Important Terms
(Continued)
Withdrawal: discomfort
Reward Pathway
for Psychoactive
Drugs
Psychoactive Drugs:
Depressants (Continued)
Psychoactive Drugs:
Stimulants
2. Stimulants:
act on the CNS
to increase
bodily
processes
(e.g., caffeine,
nicotine,
cocaine)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in
Action (8e)
Psychoactive Drugs:
Opiates
3. Opiates:
act as an
analgesic or pain
reliever (e.g.,
morphine, heroin)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in
Action (8e)
Psychoactive Drugs:
Hallucinogens
4. Hallucinogens:
produce sensory
or perceptual
distortions called
hallucinations
(e.g., LSD,
marijuana)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in
Action (8e)
Applying Psychology to
Everyday Life:
Club Drug Alert!
neurotransmitters.
Meditation: group of
techniques designed to
refocus attention, block
out all distractions, and
produce an ASC
Hypnosis:
trancelike state
of heightened
suggestibility,
deep relaxation,
and intense
focus
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in
Action (8e)
Hypnosis is
used to treat
chronic pain,
severe burns,
dentistry,
childbirth,
psychotherapy.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in
Action (8e)
Traditional ceremonies