ESSENTIAL

CALCULUS

CH12 Multiple
integrals
In this Chapter:
12.1 Double Integrals over Rectangles
12.2 Double Integrals over General Regions
12.3 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
12.4 Applications of Double Integrals
12.5 Triple Integrals
12.6 Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
12.7 Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
12.8 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals
Review
 s {( x, y, z ) R 3 0 z f ( x, y ), ( x, y ) R}
(See Figure 2.) Our goal is to find
Chapter 12, 12.1, P665
the volume of S.
Chapter 12, 12.1, P667
Chapter 12, 12.1, P667
 5. DEFINITION The double integral of f over
the rectangle R is

m n * *

f ( x, y)dA lim
max xi , yi 0
f ( xi j, yi j )A
i 1 j 1
ij
R

if this limit exists.

Chapter 12, 12.1, P667

 m n

f ( x, y)dA lim
m , n
f ( x , y )A
i 1 j 1
i j
R

Chapter 12, 12.1, P668

 If f (x, y) 0, then the volume V of the solid that
lies above the rectangle R and below the surface
z=f (x, y) is

v f ( x, y )dA
R

Chapter 12, 12.1, P668

 MIDPOINT RULE FOR DOUBLE INTEGRALS
m n

f ( x, y)dA f ( x , y )A
R i 1 j 1
i j

where xi is the midpoint of [xi-1, xi] and yj is the

midpoint of [yj-1, yj ].

Chapter 12, 12.1, P669

 10. FUBINIS THEOREM If f is continuous on
the rectangle R={(x, y} a x b, c y d} ,
then
b d d b
f ( x, y)dA
R
a c
f ( x, y )dydx
c
a
f ( x, y )dxdy

More generally, this is true if we assume that f

is bounded on R, is discontinuous only on a
finite number of smooth curves, and the
iterated integrals exist.

Chapter 12, 12.1, P672

 b d
g ( x)h( y)dA
R
a
g ( x)dx h( y )dy where R R [a, b] [c, d ]
c

Chapter 12, 12.1, P673

Chapter 12, 12.2, P676
Chapter 12, 12.2, P676
Chapter 12, 12.2, P677
Chapter 12, 12.2, P677
 3.If f is continuous on a type I region D such that

D {( x, y ) a x b, g1 ( x) y g 2 ( x)}
then
b g2 x
f ( x, y)dA
D
a g1 x
f ( x, y )dydx

Chapter 12, 12.2, P677

Chapter 12, 12.2, P678
 d h2 ( y )
f ( x, y)dA
D
c h1 ( y )
f ( x, y )dxdy

where D is a type II region given by Equation 4.

Chapter 12, 12.2, P678

Chapter 12, 12.2, P681
 6. [ f ( x, y ) g ( x, y )]dA f ( x, y )dA g ( x, y )dA
D D D
7.
cf ( x, y)dA c f ( x, y)dA
D D

If f (x, y) g (x, y) for all (x, y) in D, then

8. f ( x, y)dA g ( x, y)dA
D g
If D=D1 U D2, where D1 and D2 dont overlap
except perhaps on their boundaries (see Figure
17), then
f ( x, y)dA f ( x, y)dA f ( x, y)dA
D D1 D2

Chapter 12, 12.2, P681

 1dA A( D)
D

Chapter 12, 12.2, P682

 11. If m f (x, y) M for all (x ,y) in D, then

mA( D) f ( x, y )dA MA( D)

D

Chapter 12, 12.2, P682

Chapter 12, 12.3, P684
Chapter 12, 12.3, P684
Chapter 12, 12.3, P684
 r2=x2+y2 x=r cos y=r sin

Chapter 12, 12.3, P684

Chapter 12, 12.3, P685
 2. CHANGE TO POLAR COORDINATES IN A
DOUBLE INTEGRAL If f is continuous on a
polar rectangle R given by 0arb, a,
where 0- 2 , then
b
f ( x, y)dA
R
a
f (r cos , r sin )rdrd

Chapter 12, 12.3, P686

 3. If f is continuous on a polar region of the form

D {( r , ) , h1 ( ) r h2 ( )
then
h2 ( )
f ( x, y)dA
D
h1 ( )
f (r cos , r sin )rdrd

Chapter 12, 12.3, P687

 3. DEFINITION The triple integral of f over
the box B is
l m n

f ( x, y, z )dV lim
max xi , yi , z k 0

i 1 j 1 k 1
*
f ( xijk *
, yijk *
, zijk )Vijk
B

if this limit exists.

Chapter 12, 12.5, P696

 l m n

f ( x, y, z )dV lim
l , m , n
f ( x , y , z
i 1 j 1 k 1
i j k )V
B

Chapter 12, 12.5, P696

 4. FUBINIS THEOREM FOR TRIPLE
INTEGRALS If f is continuous on the
rectangular box B=[a, b] [c, d ][r, s], then

s d b
f ( x, y, z )dV
B
r c a
f ( x, y, z )dxdydz

Chapter 12, 12.5, P696

 u2 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z )dz dA

E
f ( x, y, z )dV
D

u1 ( x , y )

Chapter 12, 12.5, P697

 b g2 ( x) u2 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
a g1 ( x )
u1 ( x , y )
f ( x, y , z )dzdydx

Chapter 12, 12.5, P697

 d h2 ( x ) u2 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
c h1 ( x )
u1 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z ) dzdxdy

Chapter 12, 12.5, P698

 u2 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z )dx dA
f ( x, y, z )dV
E D

u1 ( x , y )

Chapter 12, 12.5, P698

 u2 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z )dy dA
f ( x, y, z )dV
E D

u1 ( x , y )

Chapter 12, 12.5, P699

 V ( E ) dV
E

Chapter 12, 12.5, P700

Chapter 12, 12.6, P705
 To convert from cylindrical to rectangular
coordinates, we use the equations

1 x=r cos y=r sin z=z

whereas to convert from rectangular to cylindrical

coordinates, we use
y
2. r =x +y
2 2 2
tan = z=z
x

Chapter 12, 12.6, P705

Chapter 12, 12.6, P706
Chapter 12, 12.6, P706
Chapter 12, 12.6, P706
 formula for triple integration in cylindrical
coordinates.

h2 ( ) u 2 ( r cos , r sin )
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
h1 ( )
u1 ( r cos , r sin )
f (r cos , r sin , z )rdzdrd

Chapter 12, 12.6, P707

 p0 0
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709
Chapter 12, 12.7, P710
 x p sin cos y p sin sin z p cos

Chapter 12, 12.7, P710

 p2 x2 y2 z 2

Chapter 12, 12.7, P710

 FIGURE 8
Volume element in spherical
coordinates: dV=p2sindpdd

Chapter 12, 12.7, P711

 Formula for triple integration in spherical
coordinates

f ( x, y, z )dV
E
d b
f ( p sin cos , p sin som , p cos ) p 2 sin dpdd
c a

where E is a spherical wedge given by

E {( p, , ) a p b, , c d }

Chapter 12, 12.7, P711

Chapter 12, 12.8, P716
Chapter 12, 12.8, P717
 7. DEFINITION The Jacobian of the
transformation T given by x= g (u, v) and
y= h (u, v) is

x x
( x, y ) u v x y x y

(u , v ) y y u v v u
u v

Chapter 12, 12.8, P718

 9. CHANGE OF VARIABLES IN A DOUBLE
INTEGRAL Suppose that T is a C1
transformation whose Jacobian is nonzero and
that maps a region S in the uv-plane onto a
region R in the xy-plane. Suppose that f is
continuous on R and that R and S are type I or
type II plane regions. Suppose also that T is
one-to-one, except perhaps on the boundary
of . S. Then

( x, y )
f ( x, y )dA
R S
f ( x(u , v ), y (u , v))
(u , v )
dudv

Chapter 12, 12.8, P719

 Let T be a transformation that maps a region S in
uvw-space onto a region R in xyz-space by means
of the equations

x=g (u, v, w) y=h (u, v, w) z=k (u, v, w)

The Jacobian of T is the following 3X3

determinant:
x x x
u v w
12. ( x, y , z ) y y y

(u , v, w) u v w
z z z
u v w
Chapter 12, 12.8, P721
 13.
f ( x, y, z )dV
R

( x, y , z )

s
f ( x (u , v, w), y (u , v, w), z (u , v, w))
(u , v, w)
dudvdw

Chapter 12, 12.8, P722