Science 2 nd

Quarter
Lessons
Earthquake
Typhoon
Asteroids
Comets
Meteors
Earthquakes
Crust
Continental Oceanic
Earths landmass Ocean floor
Found at the surface Thinner that the continental
Asia, Europe, Africa, etc.
How does the crust change its shape?

Stress pushing and pulling force that happens on the crust

Shape and volume slowly change
May compress or may stretch out rocks
Stress may twist or tear apart rocks
Fault location where rocks break
 Faults

Described as zones of weakness

Fractures in rocks wherein movement happened
Different faults = Different rock deformations
Fault scarp Change in the elevation of land
Fault plane Surface along movement occurs during an earthquake
Hanging wall block of rock above the fault
Foot wall block of rock below the fault
 Fault

Normal fault hanging wall goes below the foot wall

Reverse fault hanging wall goes above the foot wall
Strike-slip fault one moves left or right next to the other
Normal Reverse
Fault Fault

Strike-slip
Fault
Faults

Active fault structures with displacement

Inactive fault structures that are identified but does not produce
earthquakes
Plates large slabs of the Earths lithosphere
Plate tectonics theory Plates are continuosly moving slowly
Trenches deepest parts of the ocean that represent boundaries
Earthquakes

Shaking and trembling of the Earth

Caused by sudden movement of Earths crust
Faulting energy is released as the rocks break and move and continuosly move
until energy is used up
Tsunami caused by earthquakes that happen underwater
Water levels may rise or fall
Amplitude incrsease by the coast because they are compressed
Earthquake

Hypocenter source of the earthquake

Epicenter location of hypocenter on the
earths surface
Seismic waves sudden breaking of rocks
within Earth or an explosion
 Seismic Waves

Primary Wave P-wave/ fastest, first to arrive, pushes and pulls rocks as it
moves/solid, liquid, gas
Secondary Wave S wave/ solids only/ stop when it reaches liquids
Surface Waves arrive at a certain point/directly upward the epicenter
Love waves surface waves that move transversely
Rayleigh waves surface waves that move side to side