VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

 FOLDING – It is the bending of rock layers due to strong pressure temperature exerted on its sides.
- When rock is folded, some sections called anticline are raised.
 FAULTING –is the formation of crack or joint which may break due to continuous pressure, causing rocks to slip or
slide.
 SAN ANDREAS FAULT – a boundary between the north American plate and pacific plane, which is responsible for
major earthquake occurring in California.
 PHILIPINE FAULT- Extends from Luzon through the eastern part of the Visayas, Down to eastern Mindanao.

THREE MOVEMENT OF CRUSTAL PLATES

1. UPLIFT
2. SUBSIDENCE
3. THRUST
 UPLIFT- is the rising of the earth’s crust.
 SUBSIDENCE – is the sinking of earth’s crust.
 THRUST – is the sideways movement of rock layers.

THREE MAIN FORCES ON ADJOINING AREAS IN THE CRUST

1. TENSION
2. COMPRESSION
3. SHEARING
 TENSION – Pulling
 COMPRESSION – Pushing
 SHEARING – Force applied in all direction.

FORCE EXCEED THE ELASTIC LIMIT OF ROCK OR OVERCOME THE FRICTION

 Block the rocks break

 Crust snaps
 Stored energy is released
 Earth’s crust shakes or vibrate
 Earthquake takes place

 EARTHQUAKES – are seismic waves or release of energy which have built up inside the rocks caused by the first
fracturing or sudden shifting of rocks as tectonic plates move or shift positions.
 FAULTS- are cracks in earth crust where sections of a plate or two plates are moving in different direction.

THREE TYPES OF FAULTS

1. NOMINAL FAULT
2. REVERSE FAULT
3. STRIKE – SLIP FAULT
 NOMINAL FAULT- The crack is formed when one block of rock slides downward and away from
 REVERSE FAULT -