(PCD)

BIOXHMIKE :
: - /
(.. Bax,
- Par-4)

- -
C /
AIF

- - -
(
.
- -
ER (
.

R


(..
ax), C

-
en masse

Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington

,

2 (
1 2
)

.

,

 (): ..
NGF, BDNF, bFGF ..) A

:


: .. , Par-4,
ceramide, . 2F1, PTEN
 KN,
.
,


:

- .
-
- Ca2+
-
- DNA
- PARP, p53
 Y
.
( . )
DOCOSAHEXANOIC ACID (DHA)

(
()
(
( DHA)
ALZHEIMER) O F-2
F-4 Neuroprotectin D1: -
DHA ( Bad,
Bid, cl-2, Bcl-xL
 Alzheimer, Parkinson,
Huntington,

: . ,

Ca2+

( PCD)
 . ,
, :
,
,
(Bax, p53, Par-4)




(.. ,
)

 : ,
, in vivo, in vitro

: .. Fas
NF FADD, TRADD () 8
3 (=>),
Ca2+ (=> A), GF
, (=>
)
 DNA: O
DNA
(Bax,
PARP, p53). (. ,
, DNA). E
DNA

: .
( . ,
, DNA, )
, . ,

.
 / (..
, 4-)

(.. ad, Bax, Bid)

Ca2+

E
(..
, ER
// ,
Ca2+ ,
)

: (..
SAPK, JNK) E
(.. P-1, GADD153, p53) (.. ax,
p21 p53)
 (permeability
transition pores-PTP)
( .
Bcl-2, .. Bad, Bid). PTP
:
(VDACs), , D,
,

C (,
. Ca2+ ER) paf-1
 A
Smac/DIABLO
mi/HrtA
/ . (Ps)
9 3

DNA, F (

) G
DNA
 : C +
PAF-1 E. 9 .
3 ( 14
,
. . )

.


:
1.
, NuMA (, .. -6)
2. DNA
, PARP, DNA-
Rad51 ()
3. ICAD DNA
DNA ()
4. Acinus (apoptotic chromatin condensation
inducer) (-3)
5. (Granenzyme B, cathepsin
B, histone-associated protease)
6. ,
( ).
 ,
,
,

(PSR),
(/)

PSR ( ), (
)




.. NGF, bFGF, BDNF, (.. PI3-kinase-Akt )
neurotrophin-4/5, GDNF,
CNTF, IGF, (TGF), (TNF),
interleukin-6, amyloid
precursor protein
( )
(.. PI3-kinase-Akt )
M
:

(.. , )
cell-surface-bound (.. cl-2, IAPs,
(.. CAM, ) , -
)
 :
:
1. , .. , ER,
( Bcl-2, Bcl-2
Bcl-xL
2. (Bcl-2)
3. (IAPs
XIAP NIAP .. )
4. (.. )
- (chaperones) (.. GRP-78
(HSP)-70).
 M
(hormesis):
(
, ,
/ )


(
),
, ,




(Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, ,
) -
. (, bilirubin, C,
) .
- Ca2+ (.. calbindin, calreticulin,
parvalbumin), Ca2+
ER a+ /K+

(.. cl-2)

 PCD
:
PCD:






,
,



,




(Parkinsons, Alzheimers, Huntingtons)

,
,
(



) ER, Golgi
,



, ER



.


Fas

(

ER



,






C
:
(Beclin 1. PI3 kinase,
) TOR (
( AMPA
rapamycin),

p70S6
kinase,

. AMPA Bcl-2.
)

calpains


, ER

- (
) calpains
(cathepsins B & D), (
)

. ,



, :
1. :

,
2. : ..

2,

:

(
, ) +

/:
/2
: .,
. ( ATP)

:
Na+ AMPA/
.
E Ca2+ NMDA
calpains
A Ca2+ R,
R ( . Ca2+ )
 ..

:




-
( )




/ Ca2+ A

(.. , , )

DNA (.. PARP & p53)

(..
, taxol)
 :
, (
), dantrolene (
Ca2+)
/ :
- ,
( Bcl-2, IAPs, )
ormesis: (,
,
)
(
, , Huntington
)
 :

:
(..
+ Cl- .
a+ Ca2+)
Ca2+
(.. dantrolene Ca2+ ER
Ca2+ PTA)
calpains

ATP (.. , , )