IODINE

SUBMITTED WITH RESPECT TO:

DR. G. M. GADEGAONKAR
DEPT. OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

SUBMITTED BY:
 OVERVIEW

• Introduction
• Deficiency Symptoms
• Toxicity
• Sources
• Body contains a very minute quantity of iodine (0.00004%).
• 50- 66% of body total iodine found in thyroid gland (mainly as
thyroglobulin).
• The iodine content of thyroid gland is 0.1% while thyroxin contain
65% iodine.
• High dietary nitrate levels inhibit the uptake of iodine.
• High calcium content of water may cause goitre.
• Removal of thyroid gland in early life results in a stunting of
physical, mental and sexual development.
• Main function of thyroxin is to control basal metabolic rate
(BMR).
• Administration of iodine & of iodine containing proteins
stimulate body process notably milk and egg production.
• Some compounds such as thiourea, thiouracil supress thyroid
gland’s action, thus promote increased fattening.
 SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
Goitre
• Enlargement of thyroid gland.
• It is caused by compensatory hypertrophy of the gland.
• Also called as ‘big neck’ , ‘iodine deficiency disorder’.
• Production of thyroxine is decreased.
• Reproductive abnormalities are one of the most outstanding
consequences of reduced thyroid function (weak & hairless calf, impaired
brain development, impaired estrus cycle, reduced male fertility, etc.).
• Two types- simple or endemic goitre & exophthalmic goitre.
 CONT.

PRINCIPLE GOITROGENIC SUBSTANCE

•Goitrogenic compounds (brassica spp., Soya beans, linseed, peas
and groundnuts & arsenic, fluoride, cobalt, rubidium).
• Cruciferous Plant : Thiouracil
• White Clover : Thiocyanate
• Rapeseed Meal : Isothiocyanate, Thiocyanate, Goitrin
 TOXICITY
• Not so common.
• Over a prolonged consumption of large amount of iodine.
• High amount of iodine in body results Reduced thyroidal iodine
uptake, causing iodide goiter.
• Depressions in weight gain and feed intake.
• Reduced egg production, early embryonic death, reduced
hatchability and delayed hatching.
• Excessively high levels of iodine supplementation should be
avoided in diets for ewes in pregnancy because this has resulted in
lambs with a reduced ability to absorb immunoglobulins and
 SOURCES

• Iodine occurs in traces in most foods and is present mainly as

inorganic iodide.
• The richest sources of this element are foods of marine origin
( sea salt, sea weed, sea fish).
• Fishmeal, cod liver oil is also a rich source of iodine.
• In areas where goitre is endemic, precautions are generally
taken by supplementing the diet with the element, usually in the
form of iodized salt.
• This contains the element either as sodium or potassium iodide