POWER GENERATION MADE SMART

PRESENTED BY:
MUNEEB AMIN KHAN UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
ROLL NO. 253/15 MR. VIKAS SHARMA
Outline
• Introduction to Microgrid.
• The Need of Microgrid.
• Microgrid Operating Modes.
• Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.
• Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks.
• Environmental Aspects.
• DC Microgrid.
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid.
• Future Directions on Microgrid Research.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

INTRODUCTION TO MICROGRID

 What is Microgrid?

 It is a small-scale power supply network that is designed

to provide power for a small community.

 It enables local power generation for local loads.

 It comprises of various small power generating sources

that makes it highly flexible and efficient.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

INTRODUCTION TO MICROGRID

 What is Microgrid?

 It is connected to both the local generating units and the

utility grid thus preventing power outages.

 Excess power can be sold to the utility grid.

 Size of the Microgrid may range from housing estate to

municipal regions.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

INTRODUCTION TO MICROGRID

 Microgrid Components

 Distributed Generation
 Loads
 Immediate storage
 Controller
 Point of Common Coupling

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

The Need Of Microgrid

 Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.

 Transmission losses gets highly reduced.

 Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyle.

 Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to

critical loads.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

OPERATING MODES

 Grid Connected Mode:

 In this mode the microgrid works in integration

with utility grid.
 The two grids are connected at the point of
common coupling with the help of either a
circuit breaker or a static switch or a power
electronic interface.

 All the feeders are being supplied by utility grid.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

OPERATING MODES

 Island Mode:

 In this the microgrid works alone on its own

resources either intentionally or due to failure of
main grid. However special attention is required
when transition takes place from one to other
mode due to transients.

 Utility grid is not supplying power

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

CONVENTIONAL GRID VS. MICROGRID

 Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared

to Microgrid.

 Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in

conventional grid.

 Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as

Microsources) are small and are located in close
proximity to load.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

INTERCONNECTED MICROGRIDS

Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks

 Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.

 For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many

Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called
Power Parks.

 The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures

greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

 Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy

sources.

 Large land use impacts are avoided.

 CO2 Emissions are reduced.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

DC MICROGRID

• Microgrids have a long history. In fact, Thomas Edison’s first power plant constructed
in 1882 – the Manhattan Pearl Street Station – was essentially a microgrid since our
centralized grid was not yet established. By 1886, Edison’s firm had installed 58
Direct Current (DC) microgrids.
• Direct Current (DC) electricity locally generated by renewable energy sources such
as solar panels, windmills used with a minimum conversion (DC to AC or AC to DC)
and minimum transmission can reduce energy losses by as much as 30% or more
energy.
• Microgrids enable significant energy savings and the simple integration of advanced
power generation technologies.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

DC MICROGRID

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

DC MICROGRID

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

 Microgrid Advantages
 Energy efficiency

 Minimization of the overall energy consumption.

 Improved environmental impact.

 Improvement of energy system reliability and resilience.

 Network benefits.

 Cost efficient electricity infrastructure replacement

strategies
Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

 Microgrid Disadvantages

 Microgrid protection is one of the most important challenges

facing the implementation of Microgrids.

 Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose

obstacles for Microgrid.

 Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure

consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling
the void.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

FUTURE SCOPE

• In the near future when cost of Microgrid system will be

affordable then Microgrids will become more popular and
conventional grid will be replaced by Micro grid.
• Research are going such as to increase stability and reliability
of the Microgrid for effective working.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

CONCLUSION

• Microgrid systems facilitate remote applications and allow

access to pollution-free energy.
• They give impetus to the use of renewable sources of
energy.
• Moreover, in the event of a power grid failure, a microgrid is
one of the best alternatives.
• Microgrid research fits very well with ongoing smart grid
activities throughout the world, and several challenges need
to be overcome before it becomes a reality.

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

THANK YOU

Mahant Bachitttar Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu