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Strength of Materials Book
Strength of Materials Book
9
CHAPTER
STATICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Distributed Forces:
Lecture Notes:
Moments of Inertia
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
• Will now consider forces which are proportional to the area or volume
over which they act but also vary linearly with distance from a given axis.
- It will be shown that the magnitude of the resultant depends on the
first moment of the force distribution with respect to the axis.
- The point of application of the resultant depends on the second
moment of the distribution with respect to the axis.
• Current chapter will present methods for computing the moments and
products of inertia for areas and masses.
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9- 3
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Moment of Inertia of an Area
• Consider distributed forces F whose magnitudes are
proportional to the elemental areas A on which they
act and also vary linearly with the distance of A
from a given axis.
• Example: Consider a beam subjected to pure bending.
Internal forces vary linearly with distance from the
neutral axis which passes through the section centroid.
F kyA
R k y dA 0 y dA Qx first moment
M k y 2 dA y dA second moment
2
kO2 k x2 k y2
dJ O u 2dA dA 2 u du
r r
J O dJ O u 2 u du 2 u 3du
2
0 0
JO r4
2
I y 2 dA
I y 2 dA y d 2 dA
y 2 dA 2d y dA d 2 dA
54 r 4
I BB I AA Ad 2
12
1 bh3
2 bh 3 h
1 1 2
36
1 bh3
Y A yA Y yA 50.12 in 3
2.792 in.
A 17.95 in 2
I x 618 in 4
Half-circle:
moment of inertia with respect to AA’,
I AA 18 r 4 18 904 25.76 106 mm 4
moment of inertia with respect to x’,
4r 4 90
I x I AA Aa 2 25.76 106 12.72 103
a 38.2 mm
3 3 7.20 106 mm 4
b 120 - a 81.8 mm
moment of inertia with respect to x,
A 12 r 12 90
2 2
I x I x Ab 2 7.20 106 12.72 103 81.82
12.72 103 mm 2 92.3 106 mm 4
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 18
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 9.5
• The moment of inertia of the shaded area is obtained by
subtracting the moment of inertia of the half-circle from
the moment of inertia of the rectangle.
I x 45.9 106 mm 4
12
b 2
2x
I xy dI xy xel yel dA x h 1 dx
0 b
b 2 b
2 x x x
2 3 x 2 x3 x 4
h dx h 2
2 b 2b 2
0 4 3b 8b 0
I xy 24
1 b2h2
I xy 72
1 b2h2
I xy x yA 6.56 in 4
2
Ix I y Ix I y
I x 10.38 in 4
I max, min I xy
2
2 2
I y 6.97 in 4
2
10.38 6.97 10.38 6.97
6.56
2
I xy 6.56 in 4
2 2
I a I max 15.45 in 4
I b I min 1.897 in 4
I x 5.96 106 mm 4
I y 3.89 106 mm 4
• In SI units,
I r 2 dm kg m 2
In U.S. customary units,
I slug ft
2
lb s 2 2
ft
ft lb ft s 2
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 34
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Parallel Axis Theorem
• For the rectangular axes with origin at O and parallel
centroidal axes,
I x y 2 z 2 dm y y 2 z z 2 dm
y 2 z 2 dm 2 y y dm 2 z z dm y 2 z 2 dm
I x I x my 2 z 2
I y I y mz 2 x 2
I z I z mx 2 y 2
I CC I AA I BB 12 mr 2
2 0.0829122 2
to the xyz axes.
12 0.0829 12
1
2.59 103 lb ft s 2
I y 12
1 m 3a 2 L2 mx 2
1 0.0829 3 1
12
12
2 123 2 0.0829212.5 2
4.17 103 lb ft s 2
each cylinder :
V 490 lb/ft 1 3in
3 2 3 I y 12
1 m 3a 2 L2 m x 2 y 2
m
g 1728in 3 ft3 32.2 ft s2 1 0.0829 3 1
12
12
2 123 2 0.0829212.5 2 122 2
m 0.0829 lb s 2 ft 6.48 103 lb ft s 2
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 41
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 9.12
prism (a = 2 in., b = 6 in., c = 2 in.):
1 m b 2 c 2 1 0.211 6
I x I z 12 12 12
2 122 2
4.88 103 lb ft s 2
1 m c 2 a 2 1 0.211 2
I y 12 12 12
2 122 2
0.977 103 lb ft s 2
• Add the moments of inertia from the
components to determine the total moments of
I x 4.88 103 2 2.59 103
inertia.
prism : I x 10.06 103 lb ft s 2
m
V
490 lb/ft 3 2 2 6 in 3
I y 0.977 103 2 4.17 103
g 1728in 3 ft3 32.2 ft s2 I y 9.32 103 lb ft s 2
m 0.211 lb s 2 ft
I z 4.88 103 2 6.48 103
I z 17.84 103 lb ft s 2
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 42
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Moment of Inertia With Respect to an Arbitrary Axis
• IOL = moment of inertia with respect to axis OL
2
I OL p dm r dm
2
• Expressing and r in terms of the vector
components and expanding yields
I OL I x 2x I y 2y I z 2z
2 I xy x y 2 I yz y z 2 I zx z x