RTWP Optimization Solutions For High-Traffic Cells: Security Level:Internal

2019/2/28 Security Level:Internal
RTWP Optimization
Solutions for High-Traffic
Cells
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Background
Problem
• The RTWP is abnormally high in many offices globally, especially in
heavy-traffic cells. This problem affects user service experience and
network KPI.
• Coverage shrink: The edge users in the cell cannot initiate services,
especially CS services. The call drop rate increases.
• User experience: The RTWP increase exceeds the HSUPA target

scheduling value, and the HSUPA user throughput rate is only 32 Kbit/s.
Objective:
• Provides RTWP optimization solutions for heavy-traffic cells.
• Guides site engineers directly for the troubleshooting of RTWP problems

in the live network.
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An Example of RTWP Too High
(Real-Time Trace in Country A)
 High traffic causes the following RTWP abnormalities: The RTWP remains high during
busy hours, and the RTWP sharply increases in a short time during busy hours.
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18:45:00 18:50:00 18:55:00 19:00:00
RTWP(dBm)
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Summary of RTWP Optimization
Solutions for High-Traffic Cells
RTWP Optimization
Solutions Available in
Supported Impact Different Versions
Optimization Solution Implementation Remarks
Version Range
R10 R11 R12 R13
Optimization of CQI feedback period All RNC/Cell    

This is a standard solution and should be implemented
Access parameter optimization preferentially.
All Cell    
(indoor distribution) This is directly
implemented by Internal parameters are involved in versions earlier than
10 ms fixed PO optimization All RNC    site engineers. R13.
The link release problem of iPhone 4 R12 RNC   The solution is merged into RNC R12SPC516.
EFD is implemented in the network with high iPhone

State transition/EFD R12 RNC   This affects KPIs.
penetration rate.
2 ms fixed PO optimization R10 RNC     Internal parameters are involved.

Value optimization of SIB 7 broadcast
R12 Cell   This is merged into NodeB R12SPC430.
RTWP
This is used for 10 ms, and not used with the fixed PO
HSUPA PO adaptive adjustment R13 RNC 
optimization at the same time.
HSUPA TTI selection and switchover solution includes the
HSUPA TTI selection and switchover TTI switchover implemented on R10 and based on load,
solution enabled + 2 ms periodic retry R10 RNC     the TTI switchover implemented on R12 and based on
disabled admission CE, and the access state TII selection
implemented on patch release R3 (RNC R13SPH529).
This needs to be
Reception using multiple antennas All Cell    
analyzed by R&D
engineers.
0.5/0.5 reconstruction All Cell    
Multiple-RRU demodulation R13 NodeB 

HSUPA target retransmission times
All RNC    
modified to 10%.
PS R99 target BLER modified to 10% All RNC    
This is a non-standard solution. It is recommended that site
RNC/Node engineers select a site to try first.
The HSUPA 2 ms function disabled. R10    
B
Maximum number of HSUPA
subscribers in the cell limited.
Note: For the MML commands executed in the preceding solutions, refer to the Excel attachment in page 26 of this document.
Huawei Confidential
RTWP Optimization Solution -
Optimization of CQI Feedback Period
 Optimization of CQI feedback period
 Basic principle and application scenario
 Basic principle: HSDPA Uplink feedback channel HS-DPCCH contribute a big part of RTWP
load. It is recommended to optimize HSDPA CQI feedback period, to reduce impact on Uplink
 Application scenario: any scenarios where the HSUPA cell capacity need expansion and the
cell RTWP needs to be reduced.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: On the office in country A, the CQI feedback period is changed from 2 ms to 8 ms.
- After optimization, the average value of the RTWP traced in real time is reduced by about 8 dB.
 Risk: HSDPA throughput may be affected (very small impact) / no impact on network in offices
A and B After this solution implementation.
 Version in which the solution was implemented

 In RAN13.0, parameters are baselined to 4 ms.
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RTWP Optimization Solution
- Optimization of CQI Feedback Period
 Optimization of CQI feedback period
 Application effect
 Modify the CQI feedback period from 2 ms to 8 ms. The RTWP average value is
reduced by about 8 dB in real-time trace ( -76.97dBm -> -85.05dBm ).
 The load overshoots in a short time, and the frequency decreases obviously.
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CQI feedback period = 2 ms CQI feedback period = 8 ms
CQI feedback period = 2 ms CQI feedback period = 8 ms
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Access Parameter Optimization
 Access parameter optimization
 Basic principle: Decrease the RTWP peaks by reducing the spike of the preamble of open-
loop power control in RACH initial access.
The RTWP is significantly reduced in the cell with frequent RACH access
 Application scenario: This solution is mainly used for indoor coverage scenarios, and for
cells with frequent subscriber access and high RTWP.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: - After the Constantvalue parameter is modified on the office in country C, the RTWP
average value is reduced by 3 dB to 4 dB.
- After PreambleRetransMax, PowerRampStep and Mmax parameters modification,
the average RTWP value is reduced by 1 dB.
 Risk: For indoor coverage scenarios, the access delay may increase.
 Version in which the solution is implemented

 All
Huawei Confidential
Access Parameter Optimization
 Access parameter optimization solution :
For the indoor scenario:
 Modify the constant value of the initial transmit power: Constantvalue=-20-> Constantvalue=-30,
 Modify the step: PowerRampStep=2 -> PowerRampStep=1,
 Modify the Preamble retransmit times: PreambleRetransMax=20 -> PreambleRetransMax=40,
 Modify the maximum number of cycles: Mmax=8->Mmax=3,
 Modify the upper limit of random rollback: NB01max=0 -> NB01max=10.
For the outdoor scenario:

 Modify the maximum cyclic times: Mmax = 8 -> Mmax = 3,
 Modify the upper limit of random rollback: NB01max=0 -> NB01max=10.
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Access Parameter Optimization (C)
 Access parameter optimization
 After the access parameter optimization, the RTWP average value is reduced by 3 dB to 4 dB.
 The RTWP short-time overshoot still exists, but less frequently and with less intensity.
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- 10 ms Fixed PO Optimization
 10 ms fixed PO optimization between DPCCH (UL) and E DPDCH
 Basic principle: Manually configure a higher reference PO (REFETFCIPO1) for the 10 ms
TTI, to reduce DPCCH SIR, reduce the uplink load of Control Channel, and improve the
throughput of the HSUPA cell with multiple subscribers.
 Application scenario: This is used for the network with a high ratio of HSUPA 10 ms
subscriber, and with limited Uplink capacity.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: from lab test with 75% uplink load target threshold, 18 online subscribers and two
uploading subscribers, the gain of the uplink throughput in the cell is 15%. (only when you
have many HSUPA users)
 Risk: The peak rate of the HSUPA 10 ms subscriber in commercial network competition is
slightly affected.

 All (Versions earlier than R13 involve internal parameter modification) . Command : Create
ICARE ticket.
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If you want to keep the same throughput for HSUPA E-DPDCH, and if you increase the PO => The SIR of UL DPCCH will decrease and the total power will also decrease
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- 2 ms Fixed PO Optimization
 2 ms fixed PO optimization
 Basic principle : Manually configure higher reference PO (REFETFCIPO1) for the 2 ms
TTI, to reduce DPCCH SIR and reduce the uplink load of the Control Channel, and
improve the throughput of the HSUPA cell with multiple subscribers .
 Application scenario: This is used for the network with a high ratio of HSUPA 2 ms
subscriber, and with limited uplink capacity.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: For the lab test with 90% uplink load target threshold, and with 7 to 8 subscribers
running UL FTP , the uplink throughput gain in the cell is 15%.
 Risk: The peak rate of the HSUPA 2 ms subscriber in commercial network competition is
greatly affected.

All (Versions earlier than R13 involve internal parameter modification) . Command
: Create ICARE ticket.
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- State Transition / EFD
 State transition
 Basic principle
 Basic principle: Transit the traffic from DCH to FACH or PCH state, reduce the dedicated
channel resources occupation (DPCCH, HS_DPCCH), and reduce uplink load (and downlink
load).
EFD is used for networks with high iPhone penetration rates.
 Application scenario: This is used for networks with high penetration rates of intelligent
terminals, and when we have many online subscribers with low volume of data transmission.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: The gain is related to traffic users behavior and the state transfer timer (D2F, F2P).
 Risk: Time delay and signaling could  (RB reconf), and the call drop may be degraded : no
power control on FACH, number of PS access is reduced.

 R12
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- State Transition/EFD
 State transition
 If the state transition is disabled, the capacity loss is severe, and the whole RTWP
increase is obvious (by about 15 dB).
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CELLFACH ON CELLFACH OFF
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- iPhone Link-Deleting Problem
 iPhone link-deleting problem
 Basic principle:
- When iPhone releases the link, it retransmits the RRC CONN REL CMP signaling message
- However, the network side releases the link before UE (RNC still send RRC CONN REQ to UE)
=> the uplink power control is abnormal (no power control anymore) and the RTWP spike occurs.
- The solution is to delay the link release on the network side after iPhone releasing the link
 Application scenario: This is used for networks with high iPhone penetration rates and high RTWP.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: The RTWP spike is reduced. After the solution is implemented on the site in Thailand, the RTWP
average value improves by about 3 dB.
 Risk: None

 RNC RAN12 SPC516
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- iPhone Link-Deleting Problem
 iPhone link release problem
 Application effect (on the office in country A)
 The RTWP average value increases by about 3 dB (– 89.9 dBm -> – 93.1 dBm).
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Delay release disabled Delay release enabled Delay release disabled Delay release enabled
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- RTWP Value Optimization of SIB7 Broadcast
 Value optimization of SIB 7 broadcast RTWP
 Basic principle:
- Real time RTWP value (broadcasting by SIB7) is used to calculate the RACH initial access power
- In high load scenarios you can introduce a maximum threshold for RTWP (ex : -80dBm) , to
avoid the power of RACH initial access being too high.
The effect is essentially the same than reducing the Constvalue. Both are for reducing the UE
power of transmitting the first preamble.
 Application scenario: This is used in the scenario where the RACH causes RTWP rising.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: After the RTWP value of SIB7 broadcast is optimized on the office in country A, the average
RTWP value is reduced by about 3 dB.
 Risk: In the scenario with not obvious RTWP spike caused by RACH, each RACH access needs a
large amount of preamble ramp progress, which causes delay increasing.

 NodeB R12SPC430
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- RTWP Value Optimization of SIB7 Broadcast
 Value optimization of SIB 7 broadcast RTWP
 Application effect (on the office in country A)
 After the RTWP value of SIB7 broadcast is optimized, the RTWP average value is
reduced by about 3 dB: –93.5 dBm Vs – 90.8 dBm.
 In the real-time trace data, you can see that the frequency of load short-time overshoot
obviously becomes lower.
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- Adaptive Adjustment of HSUPA PO
 Adaptive adjustment of HSUPA PO (Power Offset)
 Basic principle: If the subscriber rate is lower than a certain threshold, and the air interface load is
limited (high RTWP), this solution will automatically increase the HSUPA reference PO
(REFETFCIPO1) to reduce the DPCCH SIR of lower rate subscribers, and to improve uplink capacity.
 Application scenario: This is used for the network with a high ratio of HSUPA 10 ms subscriber, and
with limited uplink capacity.
- The effect is better with HSUPA TTI switchover based on the load is enabled.
- Used for 10 ms, not used with the fixed PO optimization at the same time.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: When the number of subscriber with low rate is high with, the gain is obvious.
Eg. more than fifteen 10 ms subscribers with small amounts of data to be retransmitted are online and uploading at the same time.
the HSUPA capacity of the cell can improve more than 40%.
=> average throughput increase 
=> and simultaneous UL data transmission subscriber number 
 Risk: The gain is not obvious for subscribers with frequent link-release /link setup or with too short
lasting time links.

 RAN13.0 (fixed PO configuration can be carried out on early versions)
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RTWP Optimization Solution - HSUPA TTI Selection and
Switchover Solution Enabled + 2 ms Periodic Retry Disabled
 HSUPA TTI selection and switchover solution enabled + 2 ms periodic retry disabled.
 Basic principle: HSUPA 2ms TTI require more TX power and more admission CE
Enable the switchover of the HSUPA subscriber from 2 ms TTI to 10 ms TTI if :
- The subscriber rate is lower than a certain threshold,
- The air interface resource or the CE resource is limited,
* The 2 ms periodic retry is disabled to prevent TTI ping-pong switchover.
 Application scenario: This is used for networks with HSUPA 2 ms function enabled, lots of
2 ms subscribers and limited uplink load.
 Gain and risk

 Gain: The UL load RTWP will improve,
 Risk: When the 10 ms TTI subscriber requires high-speed data transmission, the rate
rises more slowly because of the reconfiguration process time to 2 ms TTI (based on
throughout and load)

 RAN10.0
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Comparison of Different TTI Switchover Solutions
TTI switchover based on TTI selection of

TTI switchover based on load
admission access state
If the air interface load exceeds the target node, In admission, the consumed
and 2 ms TTI is configured for the service. the admission CE of the 2 ms subscriber
rate cannot reduce because the scheduling is more than that the 10 ms
The HSUPA subscriber selects
algorithm guarantees one RLC PDU. The related subscriber. Therefore, when the
Basic minimum rate is 168 Kbit/s (336) or 328 Kbit/s admission CE is limited, switching the
the initial TTI based on the
principle actual resource (RTWP/Iub/CE)
(656). At this time if the TTI is switched from 2 subscriber from 2 ms to 10 ms
congestion state.
ms to 10 ms, the actual subscriber rate and improves the admission subscriber
the cell load are reduced, and also the cell number of the system.
load.
This is used for commercial
Application This is used for scenarios with limited uplink This is used for scenarios with limited
networks with lots of HSUPA
scenario loads and low uplink rates. admission CE and low uplink rates.
subscriber access.
The initial TTI is selected based
This alleviates the admission CE on the resource congestion state
This reduces load when the uplink load resource congestion problem after 2 ms TTI is when the subscriber accesses.
Gain is severely limited, and reduces the RTWP. enabled, and improves the subscriber This reduces reconfiguration
number specification. signaling and improves power
efficiency.
Version in
which the RAN10.0 RAN12.0 RNC RAN13SPH529
solution is
implemented
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Summary of Non-Standard Solutions
Optimization Solution Description Risk and Suggestion Remarks
Disabling the HSUPA 2 ms Disabling the 2 ms function affects

Disable the HSUPA 2 ms function makes only 10 ms subscriber peak rate. It is recommended
function. available for HSUPA that the 2 ms function is modified in non-
subscribers. comparison test networks.
Reduce the maximum
It is recommended that this solution is
HSUPA access subscriber
Limit the maximum HSUPA carried out in non-comparison test It is recommended that
number in the cell, and
subscriber number in the cell. networks. the site engineer selects
reduce the RTWP cost of
HSUPA subscribers. a site to try these non-
standard solutions, and
It is recommended that this solution is then decides whether to
Modify the 10 ms target
Modify the HSUPA target carried out in non-comparison test implement in the whole
retransmission times of
retransmission times. networks or networks that have no network.
HSUPA from 1% to 10%.
requirements for 10 ms peak rate.
If you modify the high-speed (such as 384
Modify the target BLER of PS Modify the BLER of PS Kbit/s) BLER to 10%, the idle subscriber
subscribers in the R99 subscribers in the R99 peak rate is affected. It is recommended
network network from 1% to 10%. that the BLER is modified based on the
traffic mode and rate in the live network.
Huawei Confidential
Summary of RTWP Optimization
Solutions for High-Traffic Cells
RTWP Optimization
Solutions Available in
Supported Impact Different Versions
Optimization Solution Implementation Remarks
Version Range
R10 R11 R12 R13
Optimization of CQI feedback period All RNC/Cell    

This is a standard solution and should be implemented
Access parameter optimization preferentially.
(indoor distribution) This is directly
implemented by Internal parameters are involved in versions earlier than
10 ms fixed PO optimization All RNC    site engineers. R13.
The link release problem of iPhone 4 R12 RNC   The solution is merged into RNC R12SPC516.
EFD is implemented in the network with high iPhone

State transition/EFD R12 RNC   This affects KPIs.
penetration rate.
2 ms fixed PO optimization R10 RNC     Internal parameters are involved.

Value optimization of SIB 7 broadcast
R12 Cell   This is merged into NodeB R12SPC430.
RTWP
This is used for 10 ms, and not used with the fixed PO
HSUPA PO adaptive adjustment R13 RNC 
optimization at the same time.
HSUPA TTI selection and switchover solution includes the
HSUPA TTI selection and switchover TTI switchover implemented on R10 and based on load,
solution enabled + 2 ms periodic retry R10 RNC     the TTI switchover implemented on R12 and based on
disabled admission CE, and the access state TII selection
implemented on patch release R3 (RNC R13SPH529).
This needs to be
Reception using multiple antennas All Cell    
analyzed by R&D
engineers.
0.5/0.5 reconstruction All Cell    
Multiple-RRU demodulation R13 NodeB 

HSUPA target retransmission times
All RNC    
modified to 10%.
PS R99 target BLER modified to 10% All RNC    
This is a non-standard solution. It is recommended that site
RNC/Node engineers select a site to try first.
The HSUPA 2 ms function disabled. R10    
B
Maximum number of HSUPA
subscribers in the cell limited.
Note: For the MML commands executed in the preceding solutions, refer to the Excel attachment in page 26 of this document.
Huawei Confidential
RTWP Optimization Solution - Summary
Huawei Confidential
Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright©2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements
regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are
a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those
expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference
purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any
time without notice.
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open looppower control
(OLPC) parameters.
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Reception Using Multiple Antennas
 Reception using multiple antennas
 Basic principle: For the same transmission rate, the reception using multiple
antennas reduces the signal power that each antenna receives, that is, the uplink load.
For the same load, the reception using multiple antennas allows the UE to send larger
transmission blocks, which means the uplink capacity is improved.
 Gain and risk
 Gain: - Compared with the single antenna reception, two-way receive diversity
reception improves the uplink capacity by more than 50%.
- Compared with the dual-antenna reception, the four-way receive diversity
reception improves the uplink capacity by more than 50%.
 Risk: none.
 All
 Priority
 Low.
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0.5/0.5 Reconstruction
 0.5/0.5 reconstruction
 Basic principle
 The dual-antenna demodulation reception is implemented on the baseband side. The
baseband side and the RF side do not merge raw data, and the RTWP is the same as
that in the regular dual-antenna cell.
Figure 1 0.5/0.5 mode of dual-antenna reception Figure 2 RRU cascade mode
 Gain and risk

 Gain: In the 2 RRU/4 RRU multi-area cell networking, compared with the distributed
cell, the 0.5/0.5 reconstruction does not have noise floor ramp.
 Risk: None
 Realized version
 All
 Priority
 Medium
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Multiple-RRU Cell
 Multiple-RRU cell
 Basic principle: The NodeB independently demodulates and merges several received RRU
signals in the baseband processing module, and duplicates a cell signal branch to several
RRUs for transmission.
 Application scenario: This feature is for special high-speed motion scenarios such as
highway or railway coverage, and F1 racing tracks. This feature is not compatible with the
following features: WRFD-010203 transmit diversity, four-antenna WRFD-010209 transmit
diversity, WRFD-010684 2x2 MIMO and 200 km coverage WRFD-021308. (Why ?)
 Gain and risk

 Gain: This improves cell capacity and throughput, and reduces the number of inter-cell
subscriber handovers.
 Risk: Higher baseband resource consumption

 R13
 Priority
 Low
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Comparison of Different Multiple-RRU
Cell Solutions
Independently demodulating
0.5/0.5 (RAN10) Distributed RRU cascade cell
multiple-RRU cell (RAN13)
The RRU combines and transmits signals RRU signals are transmitted to the
RRU signals are transmitted to the baseband
to the baseband. The baseband does not baseband independently, and
Combining type independently, and demodulated independently.
sense several RRUs. demodulated independently.
Uplink performance is good.
Uplink performance is bad. Uplink performance is good.
If each RRU is a 2R RRU, four antennas need to be
Two antennas are configured for the
configured for the baseband demodulation mode, the
Dual antennas are configured for the baseband demodulation mode, and
CE consumption doubles, and the cell specification is
Baseband demodulation baseband demodulation mode, while each each RRU is a 2R RRU.N RRUs
half of the dual-antenna cell specification.
mode and resource RRU is a 1R RRU. The CE and cell consume N times cell resources: The E
If each RRU is a 1R RRU, dual antennas need to be
consumption resource is the same as those of the dual- board supports one 3 RRUs cell at most,
configured for the baseband demodulation mode, and
antenna cell. and the D board supports one 6 RRU
the CE consumption and cell specification remain the
cell at most.
same.
Whether the noise floor
No. Yes (noise floor increase=10log(N)dB) No.
increases
Number of RRU in the Four at most are recommended for WBBPb:3

2
multiple-RRU cell performance. WBBPd:6
1R: The RRUs belonging to the same cell
are connected to two optical ports at most.
CPRI interface type This is not limited and cascading is recommended. This is not limited.
2R: The RRUs belonging to the same cell
are connected to one optical port at most.
The distance limitation
between RRUs of adjacent 4 KM 4 KM 10 KM
coverage.
Different RRUs have different
Downlink transmission power This is the same for each RRU. This is the same for each RRU.
configurations
The UPA throughput rate is high and the The UPA stability is good, and the
The UPA throughput rate is high and the stability of
stability of some RRUs is reduced. The throughputs of some RRUs reduce. The
UPA scheduling some RRUs is reduced. The scheduling is based on
scheduling is based on the RTWP values scheduling is based on the maximum
the average RTWP value of all RRUs.
of all RRUs. RTWP value of all RRUs.
Road and railway coverage (indoor
Application scenario Road and railway coverage (indoor coverage). Indoor coverage
coverage).
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RTWP Optimization Solutions For High-Traffic Cells: Security Level:Internal

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2019/2/28 Security Level:Internal

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

• User experience: The RTWP increase exceeds the HSUPA target

• Guides site engineers directly for the troubleshooting of RTWP problems

Optimization of CQI feedback period All RNC/Cell    

EFD is implemented in the network with high iPhone

2 ms fixed PO optimization R10 RNC     Internal parameters are involved.

Multiple-RRU demodulation R13 NodeB 

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution was implemented

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

For the outdoor scenario:

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

CELLFACH ON CELLFACH OFF

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

* The 2 ms periodic retry is disabled to prevent TTI ping-pong switchover.

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

TTI switchover based on TTI selection of

Disabling the HSUPA 2 ms Disabling the 2 ms function affects

Optimization of CQI feedback period All RNC/Cell    

EFD is implemented in the network with high iPhone

2 ms fixed PO optimization R10 RNC     Internal parameters are involved.

Multiple-RRU demodulation R13 NodeB 

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Figure 1 0.5/0.5 mode of dual-antenna reception Figure 2 RRU cascade mode

 Gain and risk

 Gain and risk

 Version in which the solution is implemented

Number of RRU in the Four at most are recommended for WBBPb:3

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