NORMAL CURVE

NORMAL CURVE

This is a graph of sample discrete data to find

the probability distribution with the same
shape or pattern. (CHARACTERISTICS)
This normal curve is frequently used as a
mathematical model in inferential
statistics. Through this, the inferences that
we make regarding a population can be
visualized.
 PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL CURVE
1. The distribution curve is bell shaped.

2. The curve is symmetrical about its center.

(50% I 50%)
3. The mean, median and mode coincide at
the center.

4. The width of the curve is determined by

the standard deviation of the distribution.
 PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL CURVE
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely
along the horizontal axis, always approaching
the axis but never touching it. That is, the
curve is asymptotic to the base line.
(ASYMPTOTIC)
6. The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it
represents the probability or proportion or the
percentage associated with the specific
associated with specific sets of measurements.
The Normal Distribution has:
 Mean = median = mode
 symmetry about the center
 50% of values less than the mean and 50% greater
than the mean
SKEWNESS OF THE CURVE
STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

This is the normal distribution of the standard variable.

It is a normal distribution that has a mean = 0 and a
standard deviation = 1.

By substituting the mean = 0 and the standard

deviation = 1 in the formula, mathematicians are able
to find areas under the normal curve. Fortunately,
these areas have already been determined for our use.
The area between -3 and +3 is almost 100%.
Z - TABLE

These are the areas under the normal curve.

The z-score is a measure of relative standing. It is

calculated by subtracting the mean from the
measurement of X and then dividing the result by
standard deviation.
Z - score
The areas under the normal curve are given in terms of
z-values or z-scores. Either the z-score locates X within
a sample or within a population.

We need to transform the raw scores into z-values for

convenience without sacrificing meanings associated
with the raw scores.

The z-values are matched with specific areas under the

normal curve in a normal distribution table.
Z - score
The z-score values will lead to the area under the curve
found in the z-table, which is a probability, and that
probability gives the desired percentage for X (a
specific score),
EXAMPLE 1:
Given the mean = 50 and the SD = 4 of a
population of reading scores. Find the z-values
that corresponds to a score X = 58.
EXAMPLE 2:
Locate the z-value that corresponds to a
Probability and Statistics score of 39 given that
the mean is 45 and the SD is 6.
EXAMPLE 3:
The following are the values obtained in a
Science test. The raw score is 20, the mean is 26
and SD = 4. Compute the corresponding z-score.
EXAMPLE 6:
Henry obtained the score of 46 in a
Statistics and Probability exam. If Mr. Soriano
computed the mean of the class which is 45 and
the variability of the scores is 3, what is standing
of Henry in his subject particularly in the
abovementioned exam?
EXAMPLE 5:
There are three grades in a report card that you
want to interpret in terms of performance:
Mathematics (75), English (85) and Science (90). The
means are 72, 83 and 88, respectively. The standard
deviations are 3, 10 and 15, respectively. Is the
information sufficient to compare the grades? If so,
why? If not explain why it is impossible.
CLASS ACTIVITY #9
Locates the raw score X within a
sample or within a population using the z-table
and identify their corresponding areas.
1. X = 50, 𝜎 = 5, 𝜇 = 40
2. X = 40, SD = 8, 𝑋 = 52
3. X = 74, 𝜎 = 10, 𝜇 = 60
AREAS UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
EXAMPLE 1:
Find the area under the
standard normal curve to the left of
z = -1.52
EXAMPLE 2:
Find the area under the
standard normal curve to the left of
z = 1.52
EXAMPLE 3:
Find the area under the
standard normal curve to the right of
z = -1.76
EXAMPLE 4:
Find the area under the
standard normal curve between z
= -1.36 and z = 2.14
EXAMPLE 5:
What z-score forms the lower
boundary for the upper 14% of a normal
distribution?
EXAMPLE 6:
What z-score/s bound the middle
95% of a normal distribution?
APPLICATION
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
EXAMPLE 7:
A radar unit is used to measure
speeds of cars on a motorway. The
speeds are normally distributed with a
mean of 90 km/hr and a standard
deviation of 10 km/hr. What is the
probability that a car picked at random is
travelling at more than 100 km/hr?
EXAMPLE 8:
For a certain type of computers, the
length of time between charges of the
battery is normally distributed with a mean
of 50 hours and a standard deviation of 15
hours. John owns one of these computers
and wants to know the probability that the
length of time will be between 50 and 70
hours.
EXAMPLE 9: Entry
to a certain University is determined by a
national test. The scores on this test are
normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a
standard deviation of 100. Tom wants to be
admitted to this university and he knows that he
must score better than at least 70% of the
students who took the test. Tom takes the test
and scores 585. Will he be admitted to this
university?
EXAMPLE 10:
The length of life of an instrument produced by
a machine has a normal ditribution with a mean
of 12 months and standard deviation of 2
months. Find the probability that an instrument
produced by this machine will last -
a) less than 7 months.

b) between 7 and 12 months.

ITEM #1:
Professor Halen has 184 students in his college
mathematics lecture class. The scores on the
midterm exam are normally distributed with a
mean of 72.3 and a standard deviation of
8.9. How many students in the class can be
expected to receive a score between 82 and
90? Express answer to the nearest student.
EXAMPLE 12:
In a large class, suppose your instructor
tells you that you need to obtain a grade in the
top 10% of your class to get an A on a particular
exam. From past experience she is able to
estimate that the mean and standard deviation
on this exam will be 72 and 13, respectively.
What will be the minimum grade needed to
obtain an A?