DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS

IN THE HUMAN BODY

BASED ON TISSUE FORMATION
OBJECTIVE

• Classify different cell types and specify the

functions of each
BONE CELLS - OSTEOCYTES

• the toughest body cell as they are

bound together by calcium and
phosphate
• they give strength, support and
framework to the body by enclosing
organs in skeletal system like bones
CHONDROCYTES- CARTILAGE CELLS

• similar to bone cells but the surrounding

material is just loose and flexible compared
to those of bone cells.
• freely bendable
• present in ear bone, in between large bones
to help them bend and move freely like in
between two ribs, spinal bones, joints.
NERVE CELLS - NEURONS

• they are very long and have many

branching at either ends.
• specialty; they never multiply in one's life
time
• they are present all over the body and are
sometimes as long as few meters long
• human brain cells and are found plenty in
brain and the spinal cord and form the
nervous tissue.
 EPITHELIAL CELLS

• very simple cells which form covering of other cells

hence they are present in skin, scalp, respiratory
ttract , in the buccal cavity surface among others.
• they serve as barriers for pathogens, fluid loss and
mechanical injuries
• ex: skin cells, mucuos cells
• they differ in shape, some are cuboidal, squamos (
thin & flat) and columnar (tall & narrow).
• epithelium - single layer of cells
• stratified epithelium - made up of several cell layers
 MUSCLES CELLS

• long, large and have ability to contract and relax

providing movements.

• THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE CELLS

1. SKELETAL MUSCLE CELL - attached to long bones and
assist in their movement ( by muscle contraction)
2. CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS - present only in heart
muscle and are responsible for heart beats.
3. SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS - are flexible yet can
contract and relax and are present in stomach, intestine,
blood vessel walls, helping in movement of food through
the gut.
 SECRETORY CELLS

• they form glands and secrete something

important like
– pancreatic cells - secretes insulin,
glucagon
– salivary gland - secrete salivary amylase,
– sebaceous gland - secretes oil in the
skin
ADIPOSE CELLS

• fat cells and are storage by nature to store

fat.
• specially seen in the soles of the palms and
bums
• they reduce friction to the body
BLOOD CELLS

• RBC's, WBC and thrombocytes

• they are always motile and never stay in
one place.
• they have limited span and they never
multiply to form new cells.
TYPES OF CELLS IN THE HUMAN
BODY
BASED ON THEIR FUNCTION
CONDUCTIVE CELLS

• they have internal abillity to conduct an

electric impulse from one regions to other
distant region in the body.

• Example: nerve cells, muscle cells

CONNECTIVE CELLS

• they help connect other cells and tissues

• Example: bone cells, blood cells

GLANDULAR CELLS

• these glands help in production of enzymes,

hormones

• Example: secretory cells like pancreas and

salivary glands
STORAGE CELLS

• they have the ability to store materials

• Example: adipose cells

SPECIAL TYPE OF CELLS
 SPERMS

• these cells unlike other cells are haploid

• present only in males after puberty
• have tail which enables them to swim and
move in the female uterus
• hyaluronidase - an enzyme which helps
sperms to penetrate through uterine tissue
and reach oocytes.
 OOCYTES

• haploid cells which are present in adult

female genetal system
• they continue to form until the stage of
menopause
• they accept sperm cells to form zygote
 STEM CELLS

• basic cells or parent which are

undifferentiated
• They have the potential to become all other
kind of cells in the body
• in the human body are given so much
importance due to their promising role in the
treatment of disorders in the nature.
 RODS AND CONES

• these cells are in the eyes and have

capacity to capture image color and light
 BLOOD CELLS

• they freely flow in the liquid blood

• some of them are not alive (RBC's)
• others have varied shapes (WBC)
• platelets (spindle shape)
 CILIATED CELLS

• these cells are present as lining of

respiratory tract and esophagus and
have a pointed thread-like cilia which
move in one particular direction to
pass material.
SPECIALIZED CELLS IN PLANTS

• ROOT HAIRS – elongated outgrowths from

the outer layer of cells in a root that help
absorb water and minerals
• XYLEM & PHLOEM – the vascular bundles
that come in different shapes and structures.
• They have pits or pores while some are hollow
which help in the process of material transport
CELL MODIFICATION

CELL – CELL JUNCTIONS – the points where

two cells come together. Through the cell
junctions, the cells are joined in long-term
associations, forming tissues and organs.