Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Behavior, 9/E
Schermerhorn, Hunt, and
Osborn
Prepared by
Michael K. McCuddy
Valparaiso University
What is personality?
How do personalities differ?
What are value and attitude differences
among individuals, and why are they
important?
What are individual differences and how
are they related to workforce diversity?
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 4 2
Study Question 1: What is personality?
Personality.
– The overall profile or combination of
characteristics that capture the unique nature
of a person as that person reacts and interacts
with others.
– Combines a set of physical and mental
characteristics that reflect how a person looks,
thinks, acts, and feels.
– Predictable relationships are expected between
people’s personalities and their behaviors.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 4 3
Study Question 1: What is personality?
Authoritarianism/dogmatism.
– Authoritarianism.
• Tendency to adhere rigidly to conventional values
and to obey recognized authority.
– Dogmatism.
• Tendency to view the world as a threatening place.
– Honesty.
– Fairness.
Attitudes.
– Are influenced by values and are acquired
from the same sources as values.
– Are more specific and less stable than values.
– An attitude is a predisposition to respond in a
positive or negative way to someone or
something in one’s environment.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 4 25
Study Question 3: What are value and attitude
differences among individuals, and why are they
important?
Workforce diversity.
– The presence of individual human
characteristics that make people different
from one another.
Challenge of workforce diversity.
– Respecting individuals’ perspectives and
contributions and promoting a shared sense
of organizational vision and identity.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 4 30
Study Question 4: What are individual differences
and how are they related to workforce diversity?
Demographic characteristics.
– The background characteristics that help shape what a
person becomes.
Important demographic characteristics for the
workplace.
– Gender.
– Age.
– Able-bodiedness.
– Race.
– Ethnicity.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 4 33
Study Question 4: What are individual differences
and how are they related to workforce diversity?
Gender.
– No consistent differences between men and
women in:
• Problem-solving abilities.
• Analytical skills.
• Competitive drive.
• Motivation.
• Learning ability.
• Sociability.
Gender (cont.).
– As compared to men, women:
• Are more conforming.
Age.
– Aging workforce.
– Older workers are more susceptible to stereotyping.
– Age discrimination lawsuits are increasingly common
in the United States.
– Small businesses tend to value older workers.
– Experienced workers, who are usually older, tend to
perform well, be absent less, and have low turnover.
Organizational Behavior: Chapter 4 36
Study Question 4: What are individual differences
and how are they related to workforce diversity?
Able-bodiedness.
– Despite evidence of effective job performance,
most disabled persons are unemployed.
– Most disabled persons want to work.
Aptitude.
– A person’s capability of learning something.
Ability.
– A person’s existing capacity to perform the
various tasks needed for a given job.
– Includes relevant knowledge and skills.
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