Centrifugal Pump

Faculty Orientation Programme-2017, C K Puranik
Turbo-machinery
Unit-5 Centrifugal Pumps

Prof. C K Puranik
Syllabus
Session-1 PUMP
Contents: Pump is a mechanical device which gives energy to

Pump: Definition liquid.
Classification of pumps
PDP and NPDP It converts the supplied mechanical energy in to
Centrifugal pump hydraulic energy.
Construction & working
Applications of CP Liquid can have energy in any of the three forms, namely,
Priming kinetic energy, pressure energy and potential energy.
Various heads
Manometric head
Thus, we can define a pump as “a mechanical device
NPSH
which
Vapour pressure
 will make the liquid to flow,
Cavitation
 will increase the pressure of liquid or
Thomas cavitation factor
 will lift the liquid from lower level to higher level”.
Session-1
Contents:
Session-1 Positive Displacement Pump:
Contents:
It is a pump whose displacement (discharge) is positive.
Pump: Definition
Here, the word “positive” implies that, definitely there
PDP and NPDP
will be definite amount of discharge irrespective of
Centrifugal pump increase in pressure. Whatever may be the pressure, the
Construction & working pump discharge remains the same.
Applications of CP
Priming Because, in a PDP, the moving component carries the
Various heads liquid along with it from inlet port to outlet port. Hence,
Manometric head the discharge of PDP remains constant irrespective of
NPSH pressure.
Vapour pressure
Cavitation There are two types of PDP, reciprocating pump and
Thomas cavitation factor rotary pump.
Session-1 Non-Positive Displacement Pump:
In case of NPDP, the discharge does not remain constant.

Contents:
Pump: Definition
Discharge reduces with increase in pressure. Discharge
PDP and NPDP
comes to zero at maximum pressure.
Centrifugal pump
Construction & working Because, in NPDP, the moving component runs at high
Applications of CP speed and gives off its kinetic energy to liquid. With this
Priming kinetic energy, the liquid moves from inlet to outlet.
Various heads
Manometric head If pressure at outlet is more, then the kinetic energy of
NPSH liquid becomes insufficient to overcome the opposing
Vapour pressure pressure.
Cavitation
Thomas cavitation factor Two types of NPDP, centrifugal pump and axial pump.
Session-1 Positive Displacement Pump Non-Positive Displacement

Pump (Roto-dynamic Pump)
1 In PDP, the moving component In NPDP, the moving component
carries the liquid along with it from gives off its kinetic energy to the
Contents: inlet port to outlet port. liquid, and with this kinetic energy,
Pump: Definition liquid moves from inlet to outlet.
Classification of pumps 2 In PDP, discharge remains In NPDP, as pressure increases,
PDP and NPDP constant irrespective of pressure. discharge reduces. Discharge
comes to zero at a max. pressure.
Centrifugal pump
3 Less discharge More discharge
4 More pressure Less pressure
Applications of CP
5 Low speed High speed
Priming
6 Priming is not necessary Priming is necessary
Various heads
7 Foot valve is not needed Foot valve is needed
Manometric head
8 Pressure relief valve is necessary Pressure relief valve is not needed
NPSH
9 In PDP, the delivery valve should In NPDP, the delivery valve should
Vapour pressure not be closed while the pump is be opened slowly only after
Cavitation running. maximum pressure is reached.
Thomas cavitation factor 10 Examples: Reciprocating pump, Examples: Centrifugal Pump, Axial
Rotary pump pump.
Session-1 PDP NPDP

External Gear Pump Centrifugal Pump
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Liquid is trapped in the High speed impeller gives
Vapour pressure
pockets and carried by KE to liquid. Liquid moves
Cavitation
the runner towards outlet. with that KE towards outlet.
Session-1 Centrifugal Pump:
Contents: Centrifugal pump is a NPDP. It works on the principle

Pump: Definition of centrifugal force induced in liquid when rotated at high
Classification of pumps speed by an impeller inside a casing.
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump As centrifugal force acts away from the center, and the
Construction & working liquid moves from centre to the periphery.
Applications of CP
Priming
Inlet is at the centre and outlet is on the periphery.
Various heads
Manometric head
Periphery of the casing has increasing cross-sectional
NPSH
area towards outlet as shown in figure.
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Due to this, a part of KE is converted into pressure.
Session-1 Working of Centrifugal pump:
Centrifugal pump consists of a

Contents:
casing with inlet port at center
Pump: Definition
and outlet port at periphery.
PDP and NPDP
Impeller is mounted inside the
Centrifugal pump
casing.
Applications of CP
Priming
When impeller is rotated with
Various heads
high speed, the liquid surrounding
Manometric head the impeller will also rotate along
NPSH with it.
Vapour pressure
Cavitation Centrifugal force is induced in
Thomas cavitation factor liquid and the liquid moves from
the centre towards the periphery.
Session-1 Function of impeller is to give

kinetic energy to liquid present
in the casing.
Contents:
Pump: Definition
Function of casing is to convert
some kinetic energy into pressure
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
in the casing.
Applications of CP
Function of foot valve is “not to
Priming allow” the liquid to flow back to
Various heads sump in reverse direction.
Manometric head
NPSH The function of foot valve is to
Vapour pressure retain liquid in suction pipe and
Cavitation casing.
Session-1
Contents:
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Session-1 Priming of Centrifugal pump:
Priming is the process of filling liquid in to the casing

Contents:
and suction pipe (if there is no liquid inside) before
Pump: Definition
starting the pump.
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Need of priming:
Applications of CP
If there is no liquid in the casing, the high speed
Priming impeller can’t give its KE to the liquid, no centrifugal
Various heads force is induced in the liquid, and nothing happens. No
Manometric head liquid comes out from the pump.
NPSH
Vapour pressure The casing should be completely filled with liquid, and
Cavitation then only if we start the pump, the pump starts pumping
Thomas cavitation factor the liquid.
Session-1 Methods of Priming:
by pouring water through funnel into the casing of

Contents:
centrifugal pump
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
by connecting the casing priming valve to other source
Centrifugal pump
of liquid.
Applications of CP by self priming device. This device consists of a small
Priming reservoir, which retains water in it when the pump is not
Various heads under operation, and hence it avoids the necessity of
Manometric head separate priming process.
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Causes and remedies:
Session-1
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-1
Contents:
Pump: Definition
PDP and NPDP
Centrifugal pump
Applications of CP
Priming
Various heads
Manometric head
NPSH
Vapour pressure
Cavitation
Session-2 TYPES OF IMPELLERS:

Contents:
Impellers, Casings 1. Closed type impeller: It has two cover plates, one
Velocity triangles on either side of the vanes.
Workdone Applications: Suitable for clear and thin liquids.
Effect of blade angle
Efficiencies of CP 2. Semi-closed impeller: It has only one cover plate on
Min starting speed any one side of vanes.
Specific speed Applications: Suitable for liquids charged with
Characteristics of CP some amounts of suspended solid particles (syrups, fruit
System curve juice, high viscosity liquids).
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
3. Open type impeller: It has no cover plates.
Submersible pump
Applications: Suitable for liquids with more
Jet pump
amount of debris (Paper pulp, molasses, paint, swage
Selection,Installation
water, thick paste etc).
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
Characteristics of CP
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
System resistance curve:

Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2 Self priming pump:

Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Submersible Pump:
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Submersible Pump (continued…)
Session-2
Contents:
In case of bore wells (deep wells), water is available far
Impellers, Casings
below the ground level.
Velocity triangles
Workdone In hot dry regions such as Vidharbha in Maharashtra, it is
Effect of blade angle required to dig bore wells very deep, deeper than 500 feet
Efficiencies of CP (150 m) to get water.
Min starting speed
Specific speed No pump can suck water from more than 10 m of depth.
Characteristics of CP Hence, in bore wells, submerged pumps are used.
System curve
Monoblock pump As the name indicates, submerged pumps are immersed
Multistage pump in water inside the well.
Submersible pump
Jet pump These are special type of pumps which have perfectly
Selection,Installation insulated and sealed motor, corrosion resistant metallic
Fault finding of CP
components.
Submersible Pump (continued…)

Session-2
Contents: As these pumps are flooded in water in the bore wells,
Impellers, Casings
problem of suction is eliminated.
Velocity triangles
Workdone
For delivering the water against large head, multi-staging
in series is used.
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Each stage contributes certain head, and hence total head
Specific speed
is multiplied.
System curve
Monoblock pump
Head/stage ranging from 10 to 50 m
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2 JET PUMP:

Contents:
Used in small diameter wells
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
that require a lift up to 100 feet.
Workdone
Increase in velocity at nozzle
Efficiencies of CP outlet results in a decrease in
Min starting speed pressure, which in turn draws
Specific speed water into the intake pipe.
System curve In the venturi velocity is
Monoblock pump decreased and pressure head
Multistage pump recovered.
Submersible pump
Jet pump Jet pumps are available for
Selection,Installation wells as small as 2 inches in
Fault finding of CP diameter.
Session-2 SPECIFICATION And SELECTION Of C.P.

Contents:
Impellers, Casings Available Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH),
Velocity triangles
Delivery head required (H),
Workdone
Effect of blade angle Rate of flow needed (Q),
Efficiencies of CP
Type of liquid to be pumped,
Min starting speed
Specific speed Amount of suspended particles,
Characteristics of CP Viscosity or thickness of liquid,
System curve
Monoblock pump
Available source of power,
Multistage pump Speed, vibration and noise permitted.
Submersible pump
Size of pump, space requirement.
Jet pump
Selection,Installation Size of mating parts (base, shaft, coupling, flange etc.)
Fault finding of CP
Session-2 EFFICIENT INSTALLATION OF A C.P.

Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2 PUMP INSTALLATION

Contents:
Impellers, Casings Locate the pump closer to water. hs < 5 m.
Velocity triangles
Workdone Pump should be accessible for service and maintenance.
Efficiencies of CP Pipes should be aligned properly with the pump
Min starting speed Pipes should be independently supported.
Specific speed
Characteristics of CP Motor should have totally enclosed fan cooling.
System curve
Monoblock pump Pump unit must be properly anchored to foundation.
Multistage pump The motor should be elevated 3 to 4 inches and adequate
Submersible pump
drainage should be provided.
Jet pump
Use less length and more diameter pipes.
Fault finding of CP
Session-2 Eccentric reducer should be used to connect the suction

Contents: pipe to the pump inlet.
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles Suction pipe should incline slightly upward towards the
Workdone pump. Suggested minimum slope is 1:50.
Efficiencies of CP Suction pipe inlet should be submerged at least 4 D
Min starting speed Suction pipe inlet should be at least 1 D above the bottom.
Specific speed
Characteristics of CP No valve should be installed in the suction piping.
System curve
Monoblock pump Length of straight piece of pipe between pump inlet and
Multistage pump
elbow should be at least 6 D.
Submersible pump
Jet pump
A strainer should always be installed at inlet of suction
pipe. Strainer area > 3×area of suction pipe.
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP
Session-2
Contents:
Impellers, Casings
Velocity triangles
Workdone
Efficiencies of CP
Min starting speed
Specific speed
System curve
Monoblock pump
Multistage pump
Submersible pump
Jet pump
Fault finding of CP

Centrifugal Pump

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Centrifugal Pump

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Faculty Orientation Programme-2017, C K Puranik

Unit-5 Centrifugal Pumps

Contents: Pump is a mechanical device which gives energy to

Session-1 Positive Displacement Pump:

Session-1 Non-Positive Displacement Pump:

In case of NPDP, the discharge does not remain constant.

Session-1 Positive Displacement Pump Non-Positive Displacement

Session-1 PDP NPDP

Session-1 Centrifugal Pump:

Contents: Centrifugal pump is a NPDP. It works on the principle

Session-1 Working of Centrifugal pump:

Centrifugal pump consists of a

Session-1 Function of impeller is to give

Session-1 Priming of Centrifugal pump:

Priming is the process of filling liquid in to the casing

Session-1 Methods of Priming:

by pouring water through funnel into the casing of

Session-2 TYPES OF IMPELLERS:

System resistance curve:

Session-2 Self priming pump:

Submersible Pump (continued…)

Session-2 JET PUMP:

Session-2 SPECIFICATION And SELECTION Of C.P.

Session-2 EFFICIENT INSTALLATION OF A C.P.

Session-2 PUMP INSTALLATION

Session-2 Eccentric reducer should be used to connect the suction

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