PRODUCTION FACILITIES

PUMPS
Msc Nicolás Santos Santos
2019
INDE
X
1. . INTRODUCTION

2. . PUM P
CLASSIFICATION

3. . BASIC PRINCIPLES

4. . SELECTING CRITERIA

5. . EXERCISE

6. . BIBLIOGRAPHY
IN TR O D U C TION

PUMPS
Device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes
slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps are used in
production facilities to move liquid from a low pressure or
low elevation location to one of a higher pressure or
elevation

Positive Displacement Kineti

c
P UM P CLASSIFICATION

Positive Displacement Pumps

Has an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing
cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pumps as the
cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the
discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is a constant given
each cycle of operation.
P UM P CLASSIFICATION

Positive Displacement Pumps

Will produce the same flow at
a given speed (RPM)
matter no the
pressure discharge
.
Is a "constant flow machine

Must never operate against

closed valves on the
discharge side of the pump -
it has no shut-off head

Can be rotatory or
reciprocating
P U M P CLASSIFICATION- POSITIVE D IS P LAC EM ENT P U M P S

Rotatory Pumps (Gear and lobe)

These pumps operate by
having a rotating member turn
inside a housing in such a way
as to create trapped liquid
through the pump.

The liquid is continually

compressed to a high pressure
without first being given a high
kinetic energy.
Progressiv cavitie
e pumps s

Vane
pumps
P U M P CLASSIFICATION- POSITIVE D IS P LAC EM ENT P U M P S

Rotatory Pumps (PC and Vane)

Progressive cavities pumps Vane pumps

P U M P CLASSIFICATION- POSITIVE D IS P LAC EM ENT P U M P S

Reciprocating Pumps
Reciprocating pump is a pump where certain volume of liquid is collected in
enclosed volume and is discharged using pressure to the required
application. Reciprocating pumps are more suitable for low volumes of flow
at high pressures. They can be piston, plunger or diaphragm.
Reciprocating pump
is mainly used for:
Oil drilling operations

Pneumati pressure
c systems

Light oil
pumping
Feeding small boilers
condensate return
P U M P CLASSIFICATION- POSITIVE D IS P LAC EM ENT P U M P S

Reciprocating Pumps (Piston and

Plunger) In a plunger pump, the plunger moves
through a stationary packed seal and
is pushed into the fluid. In a piston
pump, the packed seal on the piston
pushes the fluid from the cylinder.
Movement of either the
plunger/piston creates an alternating
increase and decrease of flow.

Efficiencies on the order of 85% to

95% are common. Although they are
good handling viscous liquids, they are
poorer at handling liquids containing
solids
P U M P CLASSIFICATION- POSITIVE D IS P LAC EM ENT P U M P S

Reciprocating Pumps (Diaphragm)

The principle of operation is similar to
that of the plunger/piston pump
exceptthat, instead of a cylinder, there is
a flexible pulsating diaphragm. When gas
pressure is applied against either
diaphragm it forces liquid out. When the
gas is relieved the diaphragm flexes
under the pressure in the suction line
and allows liquid to enter.

They usuallyhandle a small discharge

volume (typically between 1 and 10gpm)
Can be single or double
and high discharge pressure (up to
diaphragm
30,000psig).
P UM P CLASSIFICATION

Kinetic Pumps
Kinetic energy (dynamic) (energy associated with motion) is
added to a liquid toincrease its velocity and, indirectly, its
pressure. Kinetic energy pumps operate bydrawing liquid into
the center of eye of a rapidly rotating impeller.
P UM P CLASSIFICATION

Kinetic Pumps
Kinetic energy pumps are classified as either

Centrifugal Regenerative Special

Centrigual pumps accounts for over 80% of pumps used in

production operations because they exhibit uniform flow, free of low
frequency pulsations and are not subject to mechanical problems.
P UM P CLASSIFICATION- KINETIC P U M P S

Centrifugal Pumps
A centrifugal pump is a machine consisting of a set of rotating vanes
enclosed within a housing or casing. The vanes produce pressure by
accelerating the fluid to a high kinetic energy (velocity), then converting
that energy to pressure.
The momentum exchange provides an increase in pressure or “head.”
Having sufficient upstream or “suction” pressure (head) to push
adequate flow into the pump is a critical design consideration.
 P UM P CLASSIFICATION- KINETIC P U M P S

Centrifugal Pumps
Radial
Axial
Flow
Flow

Flow enters the center of the
rotating wheel and is propelled
radially to the outside. Within the
impeller the velocity of the liquid is
increased, and this is converted to
pressure.
Flow is parallel to the axis of the
shaft. A velocity is imparted by the
impeller vanes, which are shaped
like airfoils.
P UM P CLASSIFICATION- KINETIC P U M P S

Regenerative Turbine Pumps

Regenerative turbine or “Disk-Friction” pumps are best used for
condensate return or small boiler feed services or for LNG loading
where the liquids are usually clean.
The pump consists basically of an impeller wheel or disk, with vanes on
the periphery, rotating in a concentric case. The case provides an open
passage around the impeller except at the cutoff point between the
discharge and suction nozzles. Liquid enters the pump at the periphery
of the impeller and is carried by the friction of the rotating impeller to
the discharge port.
BAS IC DES IG N PRINCIPLES

Process Design
OBTAIN FLOW RATE PUMP PERFORMANCE
Convert the required REQUIREMENTS
rated flow rate at Constant bypass , backpressure
pumping conditions into control valve , or variable
gpm . speed

MI NI MUM DISCHARGE
DETERMINE THE LIQUID
PRESSURE
PROPERTIES CRITICAL
REQUIREMENT
TO P U M P DESIGN
Specific gravity , temperature ,
viscosity.

TOTAL DYNAMIC HEA D

NPSHA At the specific gravity
Calculate available suction corresponding to
conditions such as rated rated pumping
suction pressure , maximum temperature
suction pressure
BAS IC DES IG N PRINCIPLES

When selecting a pump, you will need vapor pressure,

viscosity, suspended solids, and others, to calculate
information required by the manufacturer such as:

HEAD CAPACITY POWER

The pressure that a Maximum flow rate Required to deliver
pump must put through a pump at its
out designed conditions.
BAS IC DES IG N PRINCIPLES

Temperature and viscosity

For most liquids, an increase in temperature decreases viscosity,
decreases specific gravity, and increases volume. Temperature
affects:
Type of pump construction
Material selection
Corrosive properties of a fluid
Pumps flange pressure ratings

High viscosity affects pumps by

Decreasing the pump efficiency
Decreasing the head performance
Increasing the power requirements

Reciprocating pumps can operate with viscosities up to 660cSt and

rotary pumps up to 1,320,000 cSt.
BAS IC DES IG N PRINCIPLES

Temperature and viscosity

BAS IC DES IG N PRINCIPLES

Head
The term “head” is used to represent the vertical height of a static
column of liquid; it corresponds to the energy contained in the liquid
per unit mass. Can also be considered as the amount of work
necessary to move a liquid from its original position to the required
delivery position and overcome the resistance (friction) to flow. It is
important to realize that although the heads of different fluids are the
same, their pressures are different because of the difference in
specific gravities.
BAS IC DE SI G N PRINCIPLES- HEAD

Types of Head
Static pressure head represents the energy contained in the
liquid due to its pressure.
Potential head represents the energy contained in the liquid due
to its position measured by the vertical height above some plane of
reference.
Velocity head represents the kinetic energy contained in the liquid
due to its velocity.

Berrnoulli'
s
Equation
BAS IC DE SI G N PRINCIPLES- HEAD

Types of Head
Static discharge head (HD) is the height at which a pump can
raise a fluid. The more pressure the pump delivers the higher the
head will be.
Static suction head (HS) is the height the fluid will rise before
arriving at the pump
In order for a pump manufacturer to show the head capability for a
specific pump, the suction head, HS, is subtracted from the
discharge head, HD, to produce the total head (HT), available.
BAS IC DE SI G N PRINCIPLES- HEAD

Types of Head
BAS IC D ESI G N PRINCIPLES- TYPES OF HE ADS

Suction head (HS)

The suction head is the sum of the suction vessel operating pressure
(converted to feet), the vertical distance between the suction vessel
fluid level and the pump reference points, less head losses in the
suction piping
BAS IC D ESI G N PRINCIPLES- TYPES OF HE ADS

Discharge head (HD)

The discharge head is the sum of the discharge vessel operating
gauge pressure (converted to feet or meters), the liquid level in the
discharge vessel above the pump reference point, pressure drop due
to friction in the discharge piping, and control valve losses
BAS IC D ESI G N PRINCIPLES- TYPES OF HE ADS

Total dynamic head (THD)

The total dynamic head (TDH) is the difference between the pumping
system discharge and suction heads.
BAS IC DES IG N PRINCIPLES

Net positive suction head (NPSH)

The NPSH is defined as the total suction head (HS), in feet of liquid
(absolute at the pump centerline or impeller eye) less the vapor
pressure (in feet), of the liquid being pumped.

NPSHR is the amount of NPSH required to move and accelerate

the fluid from the pump suction into the pump itself.
BASI C DES IG N PRINCIPLES- N P S H

NPSHA is the differential pressure between (1) the actual pressure

at the lowest pressure point in the pump, and (2) the pressure at
which the liquid begins to vaporize (flash). NPSHA is the “available”
pressure above the liquid’s vapor pressure that prevents
vaporization (or cavitation). The NPSHA must be equal to or
greater than NPSHR in order not to cavitate or flash across the
pump.
BASI C DES IG N PRINCIPLES- N P S H

NPSH margin The Hydraulic Institute recommends 3 to 5ft (1 to

1.5m) for centrifugal pumps and 7 to 10ft (2 to 3m) for reciprocating
pumps.

Typical safety factors

1.00=existing system
1.10=new services that have stable and well-controlled suction
conditions
1.25=new or old services that tend to have rapid, frequent, or severe
fluctuations in suction conditions, such as a boiler feed water
pump
BAS IC DES IG N PRINCIPLES

Cavitation