WEEK 10

Multiuser Radio
Communication - Multiple
Access Technique

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MULTIPLE-ACCESS TECHNIQUES
REFERENCE BOOK : WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING - VIJAY K. GARG

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MULTIPLE-ACCESS TECHNIQUES

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TYPES OF MULTIPLE ACCESS
TECHNIQUES

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FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

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FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

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FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

Bc = channel bandwidth
Bg = guard bandwidth
Bs = allocated
frequency spectrum

Number of channels (N )
EXAMPLE
 If each cellular carrier is allocated N number of
channels and the allocated frequency spectrum is
12.5 MHz, guard band is 10 KHz and the
bandwidth of each channel is 30 KHz. Find the
total number of channels provided by the cellular
carrier.

SOLUTIONS

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FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

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FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

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EXAMPLE
 In a first-generation AMP system where there
are 395 channels of 30 kHz each in a bandwidth
of 12.5 MHz, what is the multiple access spectral
efficiency for FDMA?

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FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
Bc = channel bandwidth
Bg = guard bandwidth
Bs = allocated frequency spectrum
Number of channels (Ns )

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FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
 Example: GSM deployment in A block PCS
 A block PCS: 1850-1865 –UL; 1930-1945 – DL
 A block: 2 times 15MHz (15MHz UL, 15 MHz DL)
 Guard bands: 100KHz on each side of the band
 GSM channel is 200KHz wide
 Total number of available channels

Bt  2 Bguard
N ch 
Bchannel

15MHz  2 100KHz
N ch   74
200KHz

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RECAP: TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
(TDM)

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS:
OPERATION

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS :
ADVANTAGES

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS :
ADVANTAGES CONT’D

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DISADVANTAGES

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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS :
EFFICIENCY

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CONT’D
Spectral efficiency of modulation

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TDMA SYSTEMS

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WIDEBAND EFFICIENCY
 For the wideband TDMA, multiple access
spectral efficiency is given as:

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NARROWBAND EFFICIENCY
 The multiple access spectral efficiency of the
narrowband TDMA system is given as:

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EXAMPLE

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TDMA SYSTEMS

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CAPACITY OF TDMA SYSTEM

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EXAMPLES

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CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
(CDMA)

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

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NUMBER OF RESOURCES IN CDMA
CDMA – users separated by
Increased
 capacity due to

orthogonal codes
reduced
interference
from adjacent
 Number of users depends on cells

 Distribution of users
 Data rate of users
 Chip rate (channel bandwidth)
 Activity of users
 There is no hard number on
available resources Uniformly loaded cells Non-uniformly loaded cells

 CDMA – has interference limited

“soft – capacity” Softy capacity of CDMA systems

Note 2: In CDMA the number of users that can be accommodated

fundamentally depends on interference in the system
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COMPARISON OF MULTIPLE ACCESS
TECHNIQUE

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