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 Anaximander

 Nature is “boundless” (infinite;


indeterminate)
 The evolution of the world begins
with the generation of opposites
(warm-dry; cold-moist)
 Pythagoras
 The universe is a living embodiment of
nature’s order, harmony, and beauty.
 Relationship between:
▪ Biophilia – love of other living things
▪ Cosmophilia – love of other living
beings
 Immanuel Kant
 Beauty is ultimately a symbol of
morality.
▪ Respeto sa dignidad vs. pansariling
motibo at kagustuhan
 Nature and humanity are part of an
even bigger design – having a sense of
cosmic harmony.
 Herbert Marcuse
 Humanity dominated nature.
There can only be change if we
will change our attitude
towards our perception of the
environment.
 George Herbert Mead
 We do not have only rights but
duties. We are not only citizens
of the community, but how we
react to this community and in
our reaction to it, change it.
 Erich Fromm
 Our biological urge for survival turns
into selfishness and laziness. One
must escape the prison cell of
selfishness.
 A new society fostering “prudence”
and “frugality” (6 functions)
 “DEEP ECOLOGY”
 Ang krisis sa ekolohiya ay bunga
ng antroposentrismo sa
kasalukuyang panahon. Ang
pagmamalabis na ugali ng tao at
pagnanais na makontrol ang
kalikasan ang makasisira sa
mundo.
 “SOCIAL ECOLOGY”
 Ang krisis sa ekolohiya ay bunga ng
awtoritaryanismo (authoritarian social
structures). Nasisira ang kalikasan dahil
sa kapangyarihan ng iilang tao na
umaabuso sa kapaligiran para lamang
kumita at para sa pansariling interes.
 Malaki ang papel at responsibilidad ng
maliliit na komunidad
 “ECOFEMINISM”
 Ang krisis sa ekolohiya ay bunga ng
pamamayani ng kalalakihan sa lipunan,
kaugnay nito ang paggamit ng pwersa at
paghahariharian.
 Kailangan ang pag-iwas sa kaisipang
mapagmataas; paniniwalang may mataas at
mababang uri
 Kaisahan ng magkakaibang uri (Unity in
Diversity)
 TAOISMO (DAOISMO)
– Lao Tzu (LaoTze)

 Dao de Jing
(Tao Te Ching)

Zhuangzi
 Paniniwalang
Taoismo (Daoismo)
- yin-yang; pagsunod
sa kalikasan (Tao)
- pagkakaisa ng 2
magkasalungat na
aspeto
- balanse sa kabuuan
 Which do you feed the most?

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