WELCOME TO

SEMINAR
AT DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS,
RAJDHANI COLLEGE, BHUBANESWAR
A SEMINAR ON
HALL EFFECT
BY SURYAKANTA GHADEI

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History:
Edwin Hall an American physicist in 1879 explained this
effect.

“If a current carrying semiconductor is placed in a

magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the direction
of the current ,a voltage is developed across the
conductor in a direction perpendicular to both the
magnetic field and the direction of the current This
effect is known as Hall effect. “
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V=?

e e e e e e e

+ EVEREADY
-
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V=0

e e e e e e e

+ EVEREADY
-
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V=?
N

e e e e e e e

+ EVEREADY
-
S
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shows deflection
N

e e e e e e e

+ EVEREADY
-
S
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Now Question

WHY?
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BEFORE GOING TO CAUSE YOU SHOULD
REMEMBER; F (FORCE)
FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE:

Whenever an current carrying

conductor is placed inside a B (MAGNETIC FIELD)
magnetic field, a force acts on the
conductor, in a direction
perpendicular to both the
directions of the current and I (CURRENT)
magnetic filed

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BEFORE GOING TO CAUSE YOU SHOULD
REMEMBER;
CROSS PRODUCT

A X B = IS ALONG THE DIRECTION

PERPENDICULAR TO THE VECTOR A
AND VECTOR B

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shows deflection
Now Question
N

e e e e e e e

+ EVEREADY
-
S
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THEORY : From Lorentz equation

v-X

F= -q v-X X BZ BZ

i.e Force is along –y direction. F-y

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shows deflection
N

e e e e e e e

+ EVEREADY
-
S
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shows deflection
N
++++++++++++++++

e e e e e e e

------------------------
+ EVEREADY
-
S
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shows deflection
N
++++++++++++++++

e e e e e e e

------------------------
+ EVEREADY
-
S
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THEORY :
F-y= -q v-X X BZ
F-y= -qvBsin90
F-y = -qvB i.e across –Y direction
Again, Fy= -qE-y i.e across +Y direction
BZ
F-y and Fy will counter attack each other.F
-y

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THEORY :
Now the Lorentz force and force due to
electric field will balance each other.
This electric field is called Hall electric field.
𝑉𝐻
EH = t= thickness of the semi conductor
𝑡
-qvB = -qEH BZ
vB = EH
𝑉𝐻 F-y
vB =
𝑡
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THEORY :
We know J=qnv
V= J/qn
𝐽𝐵 𝑉𝐻
=
𝑞𝑛 𝑡
J=i/A= i/w x t
BZ
𝑖𝐵 𝑉𝐻
=
𝑤𝑡𝑞𝑛 𝑡 F-y
𝑖𝐵
= 𝑉𝐻
𝑤𝑞𝑛
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THEORY :

1
Now = RH called Hall coefficient
𝑞𝑛
𝑤𝑉𝐻
RH =
𝑖𝐵
BZ

F-y

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THEORY :

1
Now = RH called Hall coefficient
𝑞𝑛
𝑤𝑉𝐻
RH =
𝑖𝐵
BZ

F-y

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Applications:

1. Determination of type of semiconductor

2. Mobility of majority charge carriers
3. Charge density of majority charge carriers
4. Hall sensor

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Applications:
Hall sensor

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ANY QUESTION
COMMENTS PLEASE
I HEARTILY APPRICIATE YOUR COMMENTS

THANK YOU
:D