SOME PRIMARY SOURCES ON THE PHILIPPINE-

AMERICAN WAR

MAY 19, 1898

The return of Aguinaldo to the
Philippines.
Aguinaldo immediately started
to set up his own government.

JUNE 23, 1898

The changed of government
form from Dictatorial to
Revolutionary.
Treaty of Paris was signed
This agreement was signed by
American and Spanish
representatives.
DECEMBER 10, 1898
Benevolent Assimilation

DECEMBER 21,1898 Proclamation was issued

This was issued by United States
President William McKinley.

Inauguration of the
First Philippine Republic
Now known as the Malolos Republic
JANUARY 23, 1899
FEBRUARY 4,1899 Rupture of the Philippine-
American War

In this incident, Private William Grayson tried to stop

advancing Filipino soldiers who were on their way toward
an American-occupied area near the San Juan Bridge.
FEBRUARY 4,1899 Rupture of the Philippine-
American War

In account, he recalled:

I yelled "halt" ... the man moved, I challenged with another

"halt". Then he immediately shouted "Halto" to me. Well I
thought the best thing to do was to shoot him. He
dropped. Then two Filipinos sprang out of the gateway
about fifteen feet from us. I called "halt" and Miller fired
and dropped one. I saw another one was left. Well I think I
got my second Filipino that time. We retreated to where
our six other fellows were and I said, "Line up fellows; our
enemy are in here all through these yards." We then
retreated to the pipe line and got behind the water work
main and stayed there all night. It was some minutes after
our second shots before Filipinos began firing.
FEBRUARY 5,1899 War Escalates: Battles in
Manila and Suburbs

At daybreak of February 5, the reinforced Americans

counterattacked and retook their original positions. Soon after,
firing broke out across the 16-mile Filipino and American lines
involving 15,000 Filipinos and 14,000 Americans (3,000 of whom
were assigned to provost or police duty in Manila). Admiral
George Dewey's navy artillery pounded the Filipino positions.
 Battle of Tirad Pass DECEMBER 2,1899
It was a battle in Tirad Pass, Ilocos Sur, in which a 60-man Filipino
rear guard commanded by Brigadier General Gregorio del Pilar
succumbed to more than 500 Americans, mostly of the 33rd
Volunteer Infantry Regiment under Major Peyton C. March, while
delaying the American advance to ensure that President Emilio
Aguinaldo and his troops escaped.

“The General has given me a pick of all the men that

can be spared and ordered me to defend the pass. I
realize what a terrible has been given me. And yet, I
feel that this is the most glorious moment in my life.
What I do is done for my beloved country. No sacrifice
can be too great. ”
Battle of Tirad Pass DECEMBER 2,1899
Del Pilar later succumbed
to the American led by
Major Peyton C. March.
March’s men we’re assisted
by a Cordillera native
named Januario Galut who
directed the Americans to
the location of the Filipinos.
Del Pilar was killed and,
according to a journalist
accompanying the
Americans, with his mortal
remains looted for
souvenirs.
 Aguinaldo officially

APRIL 19, 1901

surrendered to the US
President Aguinaldo was ultimately
captured by the Americans with the help
of the Macabebes of Pampanga in the
isolated town of Palanan, Isabela
To the Filipino People:

I believe that I am not in error in presuming that the unhappy fate to which my adverse fortune
has led me is not a surprise tot hose who have been familiar day to day with the progress of the war. The
lesson thus taught, the full meaning of which has recently come to my knowledge, suggested to me with
irresistible force that the complete termination of hostilities and a lasting peace are not only desirable but
absolutely essential to the welfare of the Philippines.
The Filipinos have never been dismayed by their weakness, nor have they faltered in the following
the path pointed out by their fortitude and courage. The time has come, however, in which they find their
advance along the path impeded by an irresistible force - a force which while it restrains them, yet
enlightens the mind and opens another course by presenting to them the cause of peace, this cause has
been repose their trust in the belief that under its protection our people will attain all the promised liberties
which they are even now beginning to enjoy.
The country has declared unmistakably in favor of peace; so be it. Enough of blood; enough of
fears and desolation. This wish cannot be ignored by the men still in arms if they are animated by no other
desired than to serve this noble people which has clearly manifested its will.
So also do I respect this will now that it is known to me, and after mature deliberation resolutely
proclaim to the world that I cannot refuse to heed the voice of a people longing for peace, nor the
lamentations of thousands of families yearning to see their dear ones in the enjoyment of the liberty
promised by the generosity of the great American nation.
By acknowledging and accepting the sovereignty of the United States throughout the entire
Archipelago, as I now do without any reservations whatsoever, I believe that I am serving thee, my
beloved country. May happiness be thine!
Source: Emilio Aguinaldo’s Proclamation of Surrender to the United States