GERMANY

JOHANN BERNARD BASEDOW - he founded the Philanthropinum in 1774

JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH GUTSMUTHS
• Legitimized the Physical Education.
• He believe in the promotion of people’s health to have a strong nation.
• He is considered as the real founder of physical education , and “grandfather of Physical
Education”.
JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI
• Believe that Physical Education could develop healthy and cheerful children.
• Believed that gymnastics promotes a spirit union, brotherly association, habits of industry,
openness and frankness of character, personal courage, and mainly conduct when one suffers
from pain.
FRIEDRICH WILHELM AUGUST FROEBEL
• Established the theory of play that supports the place and purpose of physical education.
FRIEDRICH LUDWIG JAHN
• Established the German Turnverein Movement in the spring of 1811 the word was coined from
extinct Teutonic word- turnen -to perform gymnastics.
• He was called turnvater – father of gymnastics
ADOLPH SPIESS
• He believed that the P.E. program should be progressive that is simple exercise to more difficult
• Advocated exercises combined with music for free expression.
• He believe in marching exercise and aid in class organization, discipline, and posture
Development
DENMARK
FRANZ NACHTEGAIL
• Was acknowledge the father of physical education in Denmark.
• Due to his influence in P.E became requirement in both elementary and secondary public
schools in copenhanges.
NEILS BUKH’S
• “Primitive Gymnastics”, patterned to some extent after the work of ling was one of the
innovations in the field of physical education and sports.
SWEDEN
PER HENRIK LING
• Was the founder of the Swedish medical and pedagological gymnastics.
• He strove to make physical educational a science that utilized anatomy and physiology in
examining the body to determine what was inherent in physical activity to enable the body to
function in a nearly optimum.
LARS GABRIEL BRANTIG
• Devoted most of his time to the area of medical gymnastics where his teachings were based on
the premise that activity causes changes not only in the muscular system of the body but also in
nervous system.
GUSTAF NYBLAEUS
• Specialized in military gymnastics
HJALMAR FREDRIK LING
• Was credited for the organization of educational gymnastics
GREAT BRITAIN/ENGLAND
• Great Britain is known as the home of outdoor sports.
ARCHIBALD MACLAREN
• Was the chief contributor to england’s physical education.
• He combined his knowledge of medicine, sports and gymnastics to develop a system of
gymnastics for the british army and navy.
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